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<div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox75696" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 75696</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="1" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox75696" value="75696" /><span>1.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/75696" ref="ordinalpos=1&amp;ncbi_uid=75696&amp;link_uid=75696">Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) represents a clinical spectrum in which presentations can be divided into type I (neonatal onset with congenital anomalies), type II (neonatal onset without congenital anomalies), and type III (late onset). Individuals with type I or II MADD typically become symptomatic in the neonatal period with severe metabolic acidosis, which may be accompanied by profound hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia. Many affected individuals die in the newborn period despite metabolic treatment. In those who survive the neonatal period, recurrent metabolic decompensation resembling Reye syndrome and the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can occur. Congenital anomalies may include dysmorphic facial features, large cystic kidneys, hypospadias and chordee in males, and neuronal migration defects (heterotopias) on brain MRI. Individuals with type III MADD, the most common presentation, can present from infancy to adulthood. The most common symptoms are muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, and/or muscle pain, although metabolic decompensation with episodes of rhabdomyolysis can also be seen. Rarely, individuals with late-onset MADD (type III) may develop severe sensory neuropathy in addition to proximal myopathy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75696</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268596</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268596%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75696" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=75696" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/231680" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=75696" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox39698" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 39698</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="2" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox39698" value="39698" /><span>2.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/39698" ref="ordinalpos=2&amp;ncbi_uid=39698&amp;link_uid=39698">Hurler syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive multisystem disorder with features ranging over a continuum of severity. While affected individuals have traditionally been classified as having one of three MPS I syndromes (Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, or Scheie syndrome), no easily measurable biochemical differences have been identified and the clinical findings overlap. Affected individuals are best described as having either a phenotype consistent with either severe (Hurler syndrome) or attenuated MPS I, a distinction that influences therapeutic options. Severe MPS I: Infants appear normal at birth. Typical early manifestations are nonspecific (e.g., umbilical or inguinal hernia, frequent upper respiratory tract infections before age 1 year). Coarsening of the facial features may not become apparent until after age one year. Gibbus deformity of the lower spine is common and often noted within the first year. Progressive skeletal dysplasia (dysostosis multiplex) involving all bones is universal, as is progressive arthropathy involving most joints. By age three years, linear growth decreases. Intellectual disability is progressive and profound but may not be readily apparent in the first year of life. Progressive cardiorespiratory involvement, hearing loss, and corneal clouding are common. Without treatment, death (typically from cardiorespiratory failure) usually occurs within the first ten years of life. Attenuated MPS I: Clinical onset is usually between ages three and ten years. The severity and rate of disease progression range from serious life-threatening complications leading to death in the second to third decade, to a normal life span complicated by significant disability from progressive joint manifestations and cardiorespiratory disease. While some individuals have no neurologic involvement and psychomotor development may be normal in early childhood, learning disabilities and psychiatric manifestations can be present later in life. Hearing loss, cardiac valvular disease, respiratory involvement, and corneal clouding are common. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39698</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0086795</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0086795%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=39698" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=39698" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/607014" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=39698" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7734" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7734</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="3" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7734" value="7734" /><span>3.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7734" ref="ordinalpos=3&amp;ncbi_uid=7734&amp;link_uid=7734">Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-II</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II; also known as Hunter syndrome) is an X-linked multisystem disorder characterized by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. The vast majority of affected individuals are male; on rare occasion heterozygous females manifest findings. Age of onset, disease severity, and rate of progression vary significantly among affected males. In those with the neuronopathic phenotype, central nervous system (CNS) involvement (manifesting primarily as progressive cognitive deterioration), progressive airway disease, and cardiac disease usually results in death in the first or second decade of life. In those with the non-neuronopathic phenotype, the CNS is minimally or not affected. However, the effect of GAG accumulation on other organ systems can be severe. Survival into the early adult years with normal intelligence is common in the non-neuronopathic phenotype. Additional findings in neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic MPS II include: short stature, <b>macrocephaly</b> with or without communicating hydrocephalus, macroglossia, hoarse voice, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, dysostosis multiplex, spinal stenosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and hepatosplenomegaly. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7734</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026705</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0026705%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/309900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7734" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox78650" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 78650</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="4" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox78650" value="78650" /><span>4.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/78650" ref="ordinalpos=4&amp;ncbi_uid=78650&amp;link_uid=78650">Niemann-Pick disease, type A</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The phenotype of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) occurs along a continuum. Individuals with the severe early-onset form, infantile neurovisceral ASMD, were historically diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPD-A). The later-onset, chronic visceral form of ASMD is also referred to as Niemann-Pick disease type B (NPD-B). A phenotype with intermediate severity is also known as chronic neurovisceral ASMD (NPD-A/B). Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is currently FDA approved for the non-central nervous system manifestations of ASMD, regardless of type. As more affected individuals are treated with ERT for longer periods of time, the natural history of ASMD is likely to change. The most common presenting symptom in untreated NPD-A is hepatosplenomegaly, usually detectable by age three months; over time the liver and spleen become massive in size. Growth failure typically becomes evident by the second year of life. Psychomotor development progresses no further than the 12-month level, after which neurologic deterioration is relentless. This feature may not be amenable to ERT. A classic cherry-red spot of the macula of the retina, which may not be present in the first few months, is eventually present in all affected children, although it is unclear if ERT will have an impact on this. Interstitial lung disease caused by storage of sphingomyelin in pulmonary macrophages results in frequent respiratory infections and often respiratory failure. Most untreated children succumb before the third year of life. NPD-B generally presents later than NPD-A, and the manifestations are less severe. NPD-B is characterized in untreated individuals by progressive hepatosplenomegaly, gradual deterioration in liver and pulmonary function, osteopenia, and atherogenic lipid profile. No central nervous system manifestations occur. Individuals with NPD-A/B have symptoms that are intermediate between NPD-A and NPD-B. The presentation in individuals with NPD-A/B varies greatly, although all are characterized by the presence of some central nervous system manifestations. Survival to adulthood can occur in individuals with NPD-B and NPD-A/B, even when untreated. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78650</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268242</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268242%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78650" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=78650" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/257200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=78650" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox8912" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 8912</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="5" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox8912" value="8912" /><span>5.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/8912" ref="ordinalpos=5&amp;ncbi_uid=8912&amp;link_uid=8912">Fragile X syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">FMR1 disorders include fragile X syndrome (FXS), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). Fragile X syndrome occurs in individuals with an FMR1 full mutation or other loss-of-function variant and is nearly always characterized in affected males by developmental delay and intellectual disability along with a variety of behavioral issues. Autism spectrum disorder is present in 50%-70% of individuals with FXS. Affected males may have characteristic craniofacial features (which become more obvious with age) and medical problems including hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux, strabismus, seizures, sleep disorders, joint laxity, pes planus, scoliosis, and recurrent otitis media. Adults may have mitral valve prolapse or aortic root dilatation. The physical and behavioral features seen in males with FXS have been reported in females heterozygous for the FMR1 full mutation, but with lower frequency and milder involvement. FXTAS occurs in individuals who have an FMR1 premutation and is characterized by late-onset, progressive cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor followed by cognitive impairment. Psychiatric disorders are common. Age of onset is typically between 60 and 65 years and is more common among males who are hemizygous for the premutation (40%) than among females who are heterozygous for the premutation (16%-20%). FXPOI, defined as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism before age 40 years, has been observed in 20% of women who carry a premutation allele compared to 1% in the general population. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8912</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0016667%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/300624" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=8912" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox18013" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 18013</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="6" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox18013" value="18013" /><span>6.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/18013" ref="ordinalpos=6&amp;ncbi_uid=18013&amp;link_uid=18013">Neurofibromatosis, type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder characterized by multiple café au lait macules, intertriginous freckling, multiple cutaneous neurofibromas, and learning disability or behavior problems. About half of people with NF1 have plexiform neurofibromas, but most are internal and not suspected clinically. Plexiform neurofibromas can cause pain, neurologic deficits, and abnormalities of involved or adjacent structures. Less common but potentially more serious manifestations include optic nerve and other central nervous system gliomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, scoliosis, tibial dysplasia, vasculopathy, and gastrointestinal, endocrine, or pulmonary disease. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027831</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0027831%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=18013" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=18013" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/162200" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=18013" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1289" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1289</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="7" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1289" value="1289" /><span>7.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1289" ref="ordinalpos=7&amp;ncbi_uid=1289&amp;link_uid=1289">Achondroplasia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature. Affected individuals have rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, <b>macrocephaly</b>, and characteristic facial features with frontal bossing and midface retrusion. In infancy, hypotonia is typical, and acquisition of developmental motor milestones is often both aberrant in pattern and delayed. Intelligence and life span are usually near normal, although craniocervical junction compression increases the risk of death in infancy. Additional complications include obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear dysfunction, kyphosis, and spinal stenosis. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001080</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0001080%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/100800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1289" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox7467" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 7467</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="8" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox7467" value="7467" /><span>8.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/7467" ref="ordinalpos=8&amp;ncbi_uid=7467&amp;link_uid=7467">Deficiency of alpha-mannosidase</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The clinical phenotype of alpha-mannosidosis varies considerably, with a wide spectrum of clinical findings and broad variability in individual presentation. At least three clinical types have been suggested in untreated individuals: mild (clinically recognized after age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and absence of skeletal abnormalities); moderate (clinically recognized before age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and presence of skeletal abnormalities); and severe (obvious progression leading to early death from primary central nervous system involvement or infection). Core features of untreated individuals generally include early childhood-onset non-progressive hearing loss, frequent infections due to immunodeficiency, rheumatologic symptoms (especially systemic lupus erythematosus), developmental delay / intellectual disability, low tone, ataxia, spastic paraplegia, psychiatric findings, bone disease (ranging from asymptomatic osteopenia to focal lytic or sclerotic lesions and osteonecrosis), gastrointestinal dysfunction (including diarrhea, swallowing issues / aspiration, and enlarged liver and spleen), poor growth, eye issues (including tapetoretinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy), cardiac complications in adults, and pulmonary issues (including parenchymal lung disease). However, with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy, the natural history of this condition may change. Long-term velmanase alfa (VA) treatment outcomes are still being elucidated, but may include improvement in hearing, immunologic profile, and quality of life (improved clinical outcomes for muscle strength). Similarly, affected individuals who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experienced improvement in development (with preservation of previously learned skills), ability to participate in activities of daily living, stabilization or improvement in skeletal abnormalities, and improvement in hearing ability, although expressive speech and hearing deficiencies remained the most significant clinical problems after HSCT. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7467</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024748%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/248500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=7467" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox108454" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 108454</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="9" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox108454" value="108454" /><span>9.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/108454" ref="ordinalpos=9&amp;ncbi_uid=108454&amp;link_uid=108454">Costello syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">While the majority of individuals with HRAS-related Costello syndrome (Costello syndrome) share characteristic findings affecting multiple organ systems, the phenotypic spectrum is wide, ranging from a mild or attenuated phenotype to a severe phenotype with early-lethal complications. Costello syndrome is typically characterized by failure to thrive in infancy as a result of severe postnatal feeding difficulties; short stature; developmental delay or intellectual disability; coarse facial features (full lips, large mouth, full nasal tip); curly or sparse, fine hair; loose, soft skin with deep palmar and plantar creases; papillomata of the face and perianal region; diffuse hypotonia and joint laxity with ulnar deviation of the wrists and fingers; tight Achilles tendons; and cardiac involvement including cardiac hypertrophy (usually hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), congenital heart defects (usually valvular pulmonic stenosis), and arrhythmia (usually supraventricular tachycardia, especially abnormal atrial rhythm / multifocal atrial tachycardia or ectopic atrial tachycardia). Relative or absolute <b>macrocephaly</b> is typical, and postnatal cerebellar overgrowth can result in the development of a Chiari I malformation with associated anomalies including hydrocephalus or syringomyelia. Individuals with Costello syndrome have an approximately 15% lifetime risk for malignant tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma in young children and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in adolescents and young adults. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0587248</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0587248%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=108454" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=108454" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/218040" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=108454" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox422452" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 422452</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="10" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox422452" value="422452" /><span>10.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/422452" ref="ordinalpos=10&amp;ncbi_uid=422452&amp;link_uid=422452">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive and genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, behavioral dysfunction, and hypogonadism (summary by Beales et al., 1999). Eight proteins implicated in the disorder assemble to form the BBSome, a stable complex involved in signaling receptor trafficking to and from cilia (summary by Scheidecker et al., 2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome&#13; BBS2 (615981) is caused by mutation in a gene on 16q13 (606151); BBS3 (600151), by mutation in the ARL6 gene on 3q11 (608845); BBS4 (615982), by mutation in a gene on 15q22 (600374); BBS5 (615983), by mutation in a gene on 2q31 (603650); BBS6 (605231), by mutation in the MKKS gene on 20p12 (604896); BBS7 (615984), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (607590); BBS8 (615985), by mutation in the TTC8 gene on 14q32 (608132); BBS9 (615986), by mutation in a gene on 7p14 (607968); BBS10 (615987), by mutation in a gene on 12q21 (610148); BBS11 (615988), by mutation in the TRIM32 gene on 9q33 (602290); BBS12 (615989), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (610683); BBS13 (615990), by mutation in the MKS1 gene (609883) on 17q23; BBS14 (615991), by mutation in the CEP290 gene (610142) on 12q21, BBS15 (615992), by mutation in the WDPCP gene (613580) on 2p15; BBS16 (615993), by mutation in the SDCCAG8 gene (613524) on 1q43; BBS17 (615994), by mutation in the LZTFL1 gene (606568) on 3p21; BBS18 (615995), by mutation in the BBIP1 gene (613605) on 10q25; BBS19 (615996), by mutation in the IFT27 gene (615870) on 22q12; BBS20 (619471), by mutation in the IFT172 gene (607386) on 9p21; BBS21 (617406), by mutation in the CFAP418 gene (614477) on 8q22; and BBS22 (617119), by mutation in the IFT74 gene (608040) on 9p21.&#13; The CCDC28B gene (610162) modifies the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes. Mutations in MKS1, MKS3 (TMEM67; 609884), and C2ORF86 also modify the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes.&#13; Although BBS had originally been thought to be a recessive disorder, Katsanis et al. (2001) demonstrated that clinical manifestation of some forms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome requires recessive mutations in 1 of the 6 loci plus an additional mutation in a second locus. While Katsanis et al. (2001) called this 'triallelic inheritance,' Burghes et al. (2001) suggested the term 'recessive inheritance with a modifier of penetrance.' Mykytyn et al. (2002) found no evidence of involvement of the common BBS1 mutation in triallelic inheritance. However, Fan et al. (2004) found heterozygosity in a mutation of the BBS3 gene (608845.0002) as an apparent modifier of the expression of homozygosity of the met390-to-arg mutation in the BBS1 gene (209901.0001).&#13; Allelic disorders include nonsyndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: RP51 (613464), caused by TTC8 mutation, and RP55 (613575), caused by ARL6 mutation. [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>422452</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2936862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2936862%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=422452" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=422452" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/209900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=422452" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox98374" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 98374</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="11" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox98374" value="98374" /><span>11.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/98374" ref="ordinalpos=11&amp;ncbi_uid=98374&amp;link_uid=98374">Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">X-linked myotubular myopathy (X-MTM), also known as myotubular myopathy (MTM), is characterized by muscle weakness that ranges from severe to mild. Approximately 80% of affected males present with severe (classic) X-MTM characterized by polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movement, and neonatal weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory failure. Motor milestones are significantly delayed and most individuals fail to achieve independent ambulation. Weakness is profound and often involves facial and extraocular muscles. Respiratory failure is nearly uniform, with most individuals requiring 24-hour ventilatory assistance. It is estimated that at least 25% of boys with severe X-MTM die in the first year of life, and those who survive rarely live into adulthood. Males with mild or moderate X-MTM (~20%) achieve motor milestones more quickly than males with the severe form; many ambulate independently, and may live into adulthood. Most require gastrostomy tubes and/or ventilator support. In all subtypes of X-MTM, the muscle disease is not obviously progressive. Female carriers of X-MTM are generally asymptomatic, although manifesting heterozygotes are increasingly being identified. In affected females, symptoms range from severe, generalized weakness presenting in childhood, with infantile onset similar to affected male patients, to mild (often asymmetric) weakness manifesting in adulthood. Affected adult females may experience progressive respiratory decline and ultimately require ventilatory support. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98374</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410203</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0410203%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=98374" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=98374" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/310400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=98374" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox162917" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 162917</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="12" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox162917" value="162917" /><span>12.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/162917" ref="ordinalpos=12&amp;ncbi_uid=162917&amp;link_uid=162917">Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) is characterized by pre- and postnatal macrosomia; distinctive craniofacial features (including <b>macrocephaly</b>, coarse facial features, macrostomia, macroglossia, and palate abnormalities); and, commonly, mild-to-severe intellectual disability with or without structural brain anomalies. Other variable findings include supernumerary nipples, diastasis recti / umbilical hernia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, genitourinary defects, and gastrointestinal issues. Skeletal anomalies can include vertebral fusion, scoliosis, rib anomalies, and congenital hip dislocation. Hand anomalies can include large hands and postaxial polydactyly. Affected individuals are at increased risk for embryonal tumors including Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, adrenal neuroblastoma, gonadoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and medulloblastoma. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796154</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0796154%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=162917" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=162917" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/312870" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=162917" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox358383" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 358383</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="13" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox358383" value="358383" /><span>13.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/358383" ref="ordinalpos=13&amp;ncbi_uid=358383&amp;link_uid=358383">Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a short-limb skeletal dysplasia that is usually lethal in the perinatal period. TD is divided into subtypes: TD type 1 is characterized by micromelia with bowed femurs and, uncommonly, the presence of craniosynostosis of varying severity. TD type 2 is characterized by micromelia with straight femurs and uniform presence of moderate-to-severe craniosynostosis with cloverleaf skull deformity. Other features common to type 1 and type 2 include: short ribs, narrow thorax, relative <b>macrocephaly</b>, distinctive facial features, brachydactyly, hypotonia, and redundant skin folds along the limbs. Most affected infants die of respiratory insufficiency shortly after birth. Rare long-term survivors have been reported. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868678</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1868678%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/187600" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=358383" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox124337" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 124337</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="14" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox124337" value="124337" /><span>14.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/124337" ref="ordinalpos=14&amp;ncbi_uid=124337&amp;link_uid=124337">Glutaric aciduria, type 1</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">The phenotypic spectrum of untreated glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1) ranges from the more common form (infantile-onset disease) to the less common form (later-onset disease i.e., after age 6 years). Of note, the GA-1 phenotype can vary widely between untreated family members with the same genotype, primarily as a function of the age at which the first acute encephalopathic crisis occurred: three months to six years in infantile-onset GA-1 and after age six years in later-onset GA-1. Characteristically these crises result in acute bilateral striatal injury and subsequent complex movement disorders. In the era of newborn screening (NBS), the prompt initiation of treatment of asymptomatic infants detected by NBS means that most individuals who would have developed manifestations of either infantile-onset or later-onset GA-1 remain asymptomatic; however, they may be at increased risk for other manifestations (e.g., renal disease) that are becoming apparent as the understanding of the natural history of treated GA-1 continues to evolve. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268595%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=124337" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=124337" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/231670" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=124337" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox354620" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 354620</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="15" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox354620" value="354620" /><span>15.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/354620" ref="ordinalpos=15&amp;ncbi_uid=354620&amp;link_uid=354620">Camptomelic dysplasia</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by distinctive facies, Pierre Robin sequence with cleft palate, shortening and bowing of long bones, and clubfeet. Other findings include laryngotracheomalacia with respiratory compromise and ambiguous genitalia or normal female external genitalia in most individuals with a 46,XY karyotype. Many affected infants die in the neonatal period; additional findings identified in long-term survivors include short stature, cervical spine instability with cord compression, progressive scoliosis, and hearing impairment. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861922</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1861922%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/114290" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=354620" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox61232" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 61232</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="16" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox61232" value="61232" /><span>16.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/61232" ref="ordinalpos=16&amp;ncbi_uid=61232&amp;link_uid=61232">Sotos syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Sotos syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance (broad and prominent forehead with a dolichocephalic head shape, sparse frontotemporal hair, downslanting palpebral fissures, malar flushing, long and narrow face, long chin); learning disability (early developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual impairment); and overgrowth (height and/or head circumference =2 SD above the mean). These three clinical features are considered the cardinal features of Sotos syndrome. Major features of Sotos syndrome include behavioral findings (most notably autistic spectrum disorder), advanced bone age, cardiac anomalies, cranial MRI/CT abnormalities, joint hyperlaxity with or without pes planus, maternal preeclampsia, neonatal complications, renal anomalies, scoliosis, and seizures. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175695%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=61232" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=61232" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/117550" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=61232" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox11313" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 11313</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="17" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox11313" value="11313" /><span>17.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/11313" ref="ordinalpos=17&amp;ncbi_uid=11313&amp;link_uid=11313">Sandhoff disease</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Sandhoff disease comprises a phenotypic continuum encompassing acute infantile, subacute juvenile, and late-onset disease. Although classification into these phenotypes is somewhat arbitrary, it is helpful in understanding the variation observed in the timing of disease onset, presenting manifestations, rate of progression, and life span. Acute infantile Sandhoff disease (onset age &lt;6 months). Infants are generally normal at birth followed by progressive weakness and slowing of developmental progress, then developmental regression and severe neurologic impairment. Seizures are common. Death usually occurs between ages two and three years. Subacute juvenile Sandhoff disease (onset age 2-5 years). After attaining normal developmental milestones, developmental progress slows, followed by developmental regression and neurologic impairment (abnormal gait, dysarthria, and cognitive decline). Death (usually from aspiration) typically occurs in the early to late teens. Late-onset Sandhoff disease (onset older teen years or young adulthood). Nearly normal psychomotor development is followed by a range of neurologic findings (e.g., weakness, spasticity, dysarthria, and deficits in cerebellar function) and psychiatric findings (e.g., deficits in executive function and memory). Life expectancy is not necessarily decreased. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11313</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036161</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0036161%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=11313" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=11313" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/268800" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=11313" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox1648474" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 1648474</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="18" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox1648474" value="1648474" /><span>18.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/1648474" ref="ordinalpos=18&amp;ncbi_uid=1648474&amp;link_uid=1648474">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild. While individual phenotypes (e.g., Zellweger syndrome [ZS], neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy [NALD], and infantile Refsum disease [IRD]) were described in the past before the biochemical and molecular bases of this spectrum were fully determined, the term "ZSD" is now used to refer to all individuals with a defect in one of the ZSD-PEX genes regardless of phenotype. Individuals with ZSD usually come to clinical attention in the newborn period or later in childhood. Affected newborns are hypotonic and feed poorly. They have distinctive facies, congenital malformations (neuronal migration defects associated with neonatal-onset seizures, renal cysts, and bony stippling [chondrodysplasia punctata] of the patella[e] and the long bones), and liver disease that can be severe. Infants with severe ZSD are significantly impaired and typically die during the first year of life, usually having made no developmental progress. Individuals with intermediate/milder ZSD do not have congenital malformations, but rather progressive peroxisome dysfunction variably manifest as sensory loss (secondary to retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss), neurologic involvement (ataxia, polyneuropathy, and leukodystrophy), liver dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and renal oxalate stones. While hypotonia and developmental delays are typical, intellect can be normal. Some have osteopenia; almost all have ameleogenesis imperfecta in the secondary teeth. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648474</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4721541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4721541%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/214100" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=1648474" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox75552" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 75552</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="19" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox75552" value="75552" /><span>19.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/75552" ref="ordinalpos=19&amp;ncbi_uid=75552&amp;link_uid=75552">X-linked hydrocephalus syndrome</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">L1 syndrome involves a phenotypic spectrum ranging from severe to mild and includes three clinical phenotypes: X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS). MASA (mental retardation [intellectual disability], aphasia [delayed speech], spastic paraplegia [shuffling gait], adducted thumbs) syndrome including X-linked complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia type 1. X-linked complicated corpus callosum agenesis. Males with HSAS are born with severe hydrocephalus, adducted thumbs, and spasticity; intellectual disability is severe. In less severely affected males, hydrocephalus may be subclinically present and documented only because of developmental delay; intellectual disability ranges from mild (IQ: 50-70) to moderate (IQ: 30-50). It is important to note that all phenotypes can be observed in affected individuals within the same family. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75552</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265216</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0265216%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=75552" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=75552" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/307000" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=75552" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></div><div class="rprt"><div class="rprtnum nohighlight"><label for="UidCheckBox61565" class="ui-helper-hidden-accessible">Select item 61565</label><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_RVDocSum.uid" sid="20" type="checkbox" id="UidCheckBox61565" value="61565" /><span>20.</span></div><div class="rslt"><p class="title"><a href="/medgen/61565" ref="ordinalpos=20&amp;ncbi_uid=61565&amp;link_uid=61565">Spongy degeneration of central nervous system</a></p><div class="supp"><p class="rprtbody"><span class="concept-def">Canavan disease is a leukodystrophy characterized by neurodevelopmental delays, <b>macrocephaly</b>, and tone abnormalities. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from the more severe typical Canavan disease (85%-90% of individuals) to the less severe atypical Canavan disease (10%-15%). Typical Canavan disease is characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment evident by ages three to five months, followed by neurodegeneration and developmental regression. The clinical course of atypical Canavan disease is more variable, with neurodevelopmental delay usually becoming evident in the first years of life and frequently followed by developmental regression later in childhood or adolescence. All individuals with Canavan disease have reduced life expectancy, with the majority surviving to age ten years and the minority living to adulthood. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</span><br /></p><div class="spaceAboveSmall"><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61565</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0206307</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div><div>
<ul class="db_links"><li><a href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0206307%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">GTR</a></li>
<li><a href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=61565" target="_blank">ClinVar</a></li>
<li><a href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=61565" target="_blank">Genes</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.omim.org/entry/271900" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li>
<li><a href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=61565" target="_blank"><i>GeneReviews</i></a></li></ul>
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