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<meta name="keywords" content="C5830270, dedhmb, developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities, disease or syndrome, golga2, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities (DEDHMB) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay and muscle weakness apparent in infancy. Affected individuals show severe motor delay and may not achieve independent walking due to central hypotonia and skeletal muscle myopathy. Some have poor overall growth with microcephaly, subtle dysmorphic features, and delayed language acquisition. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination (Shamseldin et al., 2016; Kotecha et al., 2021)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities (Concept Id: C5830270)
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<!--
UID=1840906
ConceptID=C5830270
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities<span class="h1sub">(DEDHMB)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840906</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5830270</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>DEDHMB</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="GOLGA2 - ID: 2801 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2801" class="medgenPMinfo">GOLGA2</a> (9q34.11)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0859375" target="_blank">MONDO:0859375</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/620240" target="_blank">620240</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities (DEDHMB) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay and muscle weakness apparent in infancy. Affected individuals show severe motor delay and may not achieve independent walking due to central hypotonia and skeletal muscle myopathy. Some have poor overall growth with microcephaly, subtle dysmorphic features, and delayed language acquisition. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination (Shamseldin et al., 2016; Kotecha et al., 2021). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_746019"><div><strong>Failure to thrive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>746019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2315100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/746019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Failure%20to%20thrive%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20746019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_40341"><div><strong>Clonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40341</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/40341">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2040341%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195766"><div><strong>Hypsarrhythmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195766</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0684276</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (&gt;200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195766">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypsarrhythmia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195766%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_199670"><div><strong>Focal-onset seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199670</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0751495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/199670">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Focal-onset%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20199670%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854616"><div><strong>Infantile spasms</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887898</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile spasms represent a subset of "epileptic spasms". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Infantile%20spasms%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1646740"><div><strong>Cerebral cortical atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646740</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551583</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646740">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20cortical%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201646740%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1643639"><div><strong>Brain atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1643639</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1643639">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brain%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201643639%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1785336"><div><strong>Thin corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1785336</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5441562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1785336">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201785336%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83069"><div><strong>Flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333068</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83069">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083069%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_451037"><div><strong>Muscle fiber atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>451037</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333751</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/451037">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20fiber%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20451037%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340542"><div><strong>Progressive microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850456</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and gender-dependent norms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340542">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Progressive%20microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340542%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69128"><div><strong>Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69128">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20creatine%20kinase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069128%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_222980"><div><strong>Smooth philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>222980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1142533</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/222980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Smooth%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20222980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373112"><div><strong>Depressed nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Depressed%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373291"><div><strong>Prominent forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326956"><div><strong>Narrow forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326956</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326956">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326956%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326574"><div><strong>Tented upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326574</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839767</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Triangular appearance of the oral aperture with the apex in the midpoint of the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion forming the base.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326574">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tented%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326574%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Depressed nasal bridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326956" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_222980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Smooth philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326574" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tented upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flexion contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_451037" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle fiber atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340542" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive microcephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1643639" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brain atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1646740" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral cortical atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_40341" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_199670" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal-onset seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195766" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypsarrhythmia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile spasms</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1785336" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin corpus callosum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_746019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Failure to thrive</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37644171">CUX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: deep insights into phenotype-genotype spectrum and underlying pathology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oppermann H,
Marcos-Grañeda E,
Weiss LA,
Gurnett CA,
Jelsig AM,
Vineke SH,
Isidor B,
Mercier S,
Magnussen K,
Zacher P,
Hashim M,
Pagnamenta AT,
Race S,
Srivastava S,
Frazier Z,
Maiwald R,
Pergande M,
Milani D,
Rinelli M,
Levy J,
Krey I,
Fontana P,
Lonardo F,
Riley S,
Kretzer J,
Rankin J,
Reis LM,
Semina EV,
Reuter MS,
Scherer SW,
Iascone M,
Weis D,
Fagerberg CR,
Brasch-Andersen C,
Hansen LK,
Kuechler A,
Noble N,
Gardham A,
Tenney J,
Rathore G,
Beck-Woedl S,
Haack TB,
Pavlidou DC,
Atallah I,
Vodopiutz J,
Janecke AR,
Hsieh TC,
Lesmann H,
Klinkhammer H,
Krawitz PM,
Lemke JR,
Jamra RA,
Nieto M,
Tümer Z,
Platzer K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2023 Nov;31(11):1251-1260.
Epub 2023 Aug 30
doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01445-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37644171" target="_blank">37644171</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10620399" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20delay%20with%20hypotonia%2C%20myopathy%2C%20and%20brain%20abnormalities)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38296890">Genetic blueprint of congenital muscular dystrophies with brain malformations in Egypt: A report of 11 families.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Safwat S,
Flannery KP,
El Beheiry AA,
Mokhtar MM,
Abdalla E,
Manzini MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurogenetics</span>
2024 Apr;25(2):93-102.
Epub 2024 Feb 1
doi: 10.1007/s10048-024-00745-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38296890" target="_blank">38296890</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11076401" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35107634">C18orf32 loss-of-function is associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and contractures.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salian S,
Guo XY,
Murakami Y,
Kinoshita T,
Kaur P,
Shukla A,
Girisha KM,
Fujita M,
Campeau PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2022 Aug;141(8):1423-1429.
Epub 2022 Feb 2
doi: 10.1007/s00439-022-02433-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35107634" target="_blank">35107634</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34675124">SUFU haploinsufficiency causes a recognisable neurodevelopmental phenotype at the mild end of the Joubert syndrome spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Serpieri V,
D'Abrusco F,
Dempsey JC,
Cheng YH,
Arrigoni F,
Baker J,
Battini R,
Bertini ES,
Borgatti R,
Christman AK,
Curry C,
D'Arrigo S,
Fluss J,
Freilinger M,
Gana S,
Ishak GE,
Leuzzi V,
Loucks H,
Manti F,
Mendelsohn N,
Merlini L,
Miller CV,
Muhammad A,
Nuovo S,
Romaniello R,
Schmidt W,
Signorini S,
Siliquini S,
Szczałuba K,
Vasco G,
Wilson M,
Zanni G,
Boltshauser E,
Doherty D,
Valente EM;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW-CMG) group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Sep;59(9):888-894.
Epub 2021 Oct 21
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108114.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34675124" target="_blank">34675124</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9411896" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32004447">Bi-allelic Variants in RALGAPA1 Cause Profound Neurodevelopmental Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, Infantile Spasms, and Feeding Abnormalities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wagner M,
Skorobogatko Y,
Pode-Shakked B,
Powell CM,
Alhaddad B,
Seibt A,
Barel O,
Heimer G,
Hoffmann C,
Demmer LA,
Perilla-Young Y,
Remke M,
Wieczorek D,
Navaratnarajah T,
Lichtner P,
Klee D,
Shamseldin HE,
Al Mutairi F,
Mayatepek E,
Strom T,
Meitinger T,
Alkuraya FS,
Anikster Y,
Saltiel AR,
Distelmaier F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2020 Feb 6;106(2):246-255.
Epub 2020 Jan 30
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32004447" target="_blank">32004447</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7010976" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30913345">Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearson TS,
Pons R,
Ghaoui R,
Sue CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2019 May;34(5):625-636.
Epub 2019 Mar 26
doi: 10.1002/mds.27655.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30913345" target="_blank">30913345</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20hypotonia%2C%20myopathy%2C%20and%20brain%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37644171">CUX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: deep insights into phenotype-genotype spectrum and underlying pathology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oppermann H,
Marcos-Grañeda E,
Weiss LA,
Gurnett CA,
Jelsig AM,
Vineke SH,
Isidor B,
Mercier S,
Magnussen K,
Zacher P,
Hashim M,
Pagnamenta AT,
Race S,
Srivastava S,
Frazier Z,
Maiwald R,
Pergande M,
Milani D,
Rinelli M,
Levy J,
Krey I,
Fontana P,
Lonardo F,
Riley S,
Kretzer J,
Rankin J,
Reis LM,
Semina EV,
Reuter MS,
Scherer SW,
Iascone M,
Weis D,
Fagerberg CR,
Brasch-Andersen C,
Hansen LK,
Kuechler A,
Noble N,
Gardham A,
Tenney J,
Rathore G,
Beck-Woedl S,
Haack TB,
Pavlidou DC,
Atallah I,
Vodopiutz J,
Janecke AR,
Hsieh TC,
Lesmann H,
Klinkhammer H,
Krawitz PM,
Lemke JR,
Jamra RA,
Nieto M,
Tümer Z,
Platzer K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2023 Nov;31(11):1251-1260.
Epub 2023 Aug 30
doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01445-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37644171" target="_blank">37644171</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10620399" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35107634">C18orf32 loss-of-function is associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and contractures.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salian S,
Guo XY,
Murakami Y,
Kinoshita T,
Kaur P,
Shukla A,
Girisha KM,
Fujita M,
Campeau PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2022 Aug;141(8):1423-1429.
Epub 2022 Feb 2
doi: 10.1007/s00439-022-02433-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35107634" target="_blank">35107634</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30913345">Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearson TS,
Pons R,
Ghaoui R,
Sue CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2019 May;34(5):625-636.
Epub 2019 Mar 26
doi: 10.1002/mds.27655.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30913345" target="_blank">30913345</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20215985">Muscle-Eye-Brain disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shenoy AM,
Markowitz JA,
Bonnemann CG,
Krishnamoorthy K,
Bossler AD,
Tseng BS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neuromuscul Dis</span>
2010 Mar;11(3):124-6.
doi: 10.1097/CND.0b013e3181c5054d.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20215985" target="_blank">20215985</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2925645" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16887026">Walker-Warburg syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vajsar J,
Schachter H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Aug 3;1:29.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16887026" target="_blank">16887026</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1553431" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20hypotonia%2C%20myopathy%2C%20and%20brain%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37644171">CUX1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: deep insights into phenotype-genotype spectrum and underlying pathology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oppermann H,
Marcos-Grañeda E,
Weiss LA,
Gurnett CA,
Jelsig AM,
Vineke SH,
Isidor B,
Mercier S,
Magnussen K,
Zacher P,
Hashim M,
Pagnamenta AT,
Race S,
Srivastava S,
Frazier Z,
Maiwald R,
Pergande M,
Milani D,
Rinelli M,
Levy J,
Krey I,
Fontana P,
Lonardo F,
Riley S,
Kretzer J,
Rankin J,
Reis LM,
Semina EV,
Reuter MS,
Scherer SW,
Iascone M,
Weis D,
Fagerberg CR,
Brasch-Andersen C,
Hansen LK,
Kuechler A,
Noble N,
Gardham A,
Tenney J,
Rathore G,
Beck-Woedl S,
Haack TB,
Pavlidou DC,
Atallah I,
Vodopiutz J,
Janecke AR,
Hsieh TC,
Lesmann H,
Klinkhammer H,
Krawitz PM,
Lemke JR,
Jamra RA,
Nieto M,
Tümer Z,
Platzer K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2023 Nov;31(11):1251-1260.
Epub 2023 Aug 30
doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01445-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37644171" target="_blank">37644171</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10620399" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35716097">Genotype-phenotype spectrum and correlations in Xia-Gibbs syndrome: Report of five novel cases and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Romano F,
Falco M,
Cappuccio G,
Brunetti-Pierri N,
Lonardo F,
Torella A,
Digilio MC,
Dentici ML,
Alfieri P,
Agolini E,
Novelli A,
Garavelli L,
Accogli A;
TUDP,
Striano P,
Scarano G,
Nigro V,
Scala M,
Capra V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res</span>
2022 Aug 1;114(13):759-767.
Epub 2022 Jun 18
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2058.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35716097" target="_blank">35716097</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9545659" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34675124">SUFU haploinsufficiency causes a recognisable neurodevelopmental phenotype at the mild end of the Joubert syndrome spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Serpieri V,
D'Abrusco F,
Dempsey JC,
Cheng YH,
Arrigoni F,
Baker J,
Battini R,
Bertini ES,
Borgatti R,
Christman AK,
Curry C,
D'Arrigo S,
Fluss J,
Freilinger M,
Gana S,
Ishak GE,
Leuzzi V,
Loucks H,
Manti F,
Mendelsohn N,
Merlini L,
Miller CV,
Muhammad A,
Nuovo S,
Romaniello R,
Schmidt W,
Signorini S,
Siliquini S,
Szczałuba K,
Vasco G,
Wilson M,
Zanni G,
Boltshauser E,
Doherty D,
Valente EM;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW-CMG) group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Sep;59(9):888-894.
Epub 2021 Oct 21
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108114.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34675124" target="_blank">34675124</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9411896" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30913345">Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearson TS,
Pons R,
Ghaoui R,
Sue CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2019 May;34(5):625-636.
Epub 2019 Mar 26
doi: 10.1002/mds.27655.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30913345" target="_blank">30913345</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16887026">Walker-Warburg syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vajsar J,
Schachter H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Aug 3;1:29.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16887026" target="_blank">16887026</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1553431" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20hypotonia%2C%20myopathy%2C%20and%20brain%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36273129">Identification of a novel pathogenic TBCK variant in a Chinese patient with infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies type 3 (IHPRF3): a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tan HY,
Wang B,
Song YZ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Pediatr</span>
2022 Oct 22;22(1):612.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03672-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36273129" target="_blank">36273129</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9587582" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35716097">Genotype-phenotype spectrum and correlations in Xia-Gibbs syndrome: Report of five novel cases and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Romano F,
Falco M,
Cappuccio G,
Brunetti-Pierri N,
Lonardo F,
Torella A,
Digilio MC,
Dentici ML,
Alfieri P,
Agolini E,
Novelli A,
Garavelli L,
Accogli A;
TUDP,
Striano P,
Scarano G,
Nigro V,
Scala M,
Capra V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res</span>
2022 Aug 1;114(13):759-767.
Epub 2022 Jun 18
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2058.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35716097" target="_blank">35716097</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9545659" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34675124">SUFU haploinsufficiency causes a recognisable neurodevelopmental phenotype at the mild end of the Joubert syndrome spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Serpieri V,
D'Abrusco F,
Dempsey JC,
Cheng YH,
Arrigoni F,
Baker J,
Battini R,
Bertini ES,
Borgatti R,
Christman AK,
Curry C,
D'Arrigo S,
Fluss J,
Freilinger M,
Gana S,
Ishak GE,
Leuzzi V,
Loucks H,
Manti F,
Mendelsohn N,
Merlini L,
Miller CV,
Muhammad A,
Nuovo S,
Romaniello R,
Schmidt W,
Signorini S,
Siliquini S,
Szczałuba K,
Vasco G,
Wilson M,
Zanni G,
Boltshauser E,
Doherty D,
Valente EM;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW-CMG) group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2022 Sep;59(9):888-894.
Epub 2021 Oct 21
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108114.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34675124" target="_blank">34675124</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9411896" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29808498">PPP1R21 homozygous null variants associated with developmental delay, muscle weakness, distinctive facial features, and brain abnormalities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suleiman J,
Al Hashem AM,
Tabarki B,
Al-Thihli K,
Bi W,
El-Hattab AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2018 Oct;94(3-4):351-355.
Epub 2018 Jun 25
doi: 10.1111/cge.13387.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29808498" target="_blank">29808498</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29212048">Electroclinical features of epilepsy associated with 1p36 deletion syndrome: A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Greco M,
Ferrara P,
Farello G,
Striano P,
Verrotti A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsy Res</span>
2018 Jan;139:92-101.
Epub 2017 Dec 2
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.11.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29212048" target="_blank">29212048</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20hypotonia%2C%20myopathy%2C%20and%20brain%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5830270%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5830270%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
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