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<meta name="keywords" content="C5193092, ddviba, developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities, disease or syndrome, tcf20, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities (DDVIBA) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder. Most patients have impaired intellectual development with speech difficulties, and many have behavioral abnormalities, most commonly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), defects in attention, and/or hyperactivity. Many patients have dysmorphic features, although there is not a consistent gestalt. Additional more variable features may include hypotonia, somatic overgrowth with macrocephaly, mild distal skeletal anomalies, sleep disturbances, movement disorders, and gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation. The phenotype is highly variable (summary by Vetrini et al., 2019 and Torti et al., 2019)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities (Concept Id: C5193092)
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<!--
UID=1676192
ConceptID=C5193092
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities<span class="h1sub">(DDVIBA)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1676192</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5193092</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>DDVIBA; DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY WITH VARIABLE INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="TCF20 - ID: 6942 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/6942" class="medgenPMinfo">TCF20</a> (22q13.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0032745" target="_blank">MONDO:0032745</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/618430" target="_blank">618430</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Developmental delay with variable intellectual impairment and behavioral abnormalities (DDVIBA) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder. Most patients have impaired intellectual development with speech difficulties, and many have behavioral abnormalities, most commonly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), defects in attention, and/or hyperactivity. Many patients have dysmorphic features, although there is not a consistent gestalt. Additional more variable features may include hypotonia, somatic overgrowth with macrocephaly, mild distal skeletal anomalies, sleep disturbances, movement disorders, and gastrointestinal issues, such as constipation. The phenotype is highly variable (summary by Vetrini et al., 2019 and Torti et al., 2019). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98098"><div><strong>Tapered finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98098</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426886</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98098">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tapered%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098098%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_374376"><div><strong>Sandal gap</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840069</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A widely spaced gap between the first toe (the great toe) and the second toe.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374376">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sandal%20gap%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20374376%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340456"><div><strong>Clinodactyly of the 5th finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850049</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340456">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clinodactyly%20of%20the%205th%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340456%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18127"><div><strong>Obesity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18127</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of substantial excess body fat.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18127">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Obesity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018127%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69137"><div><strong>Tall stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69137</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241240</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height above that which is expected according to age and gender norms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69137">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tall%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069137%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1101"><div><strong>Constipation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009806</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1101">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Constipation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201101%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96566"><div><strong>Posteriorly rotated ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96566">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posteriorly%20rotated%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096566%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1375"><div><strong>Aggressive behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aggressive%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201375%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1613"><div><strong>Anxiety</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003467</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anxiety%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10044"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, mild</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10044</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10044">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20mild%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010044%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7753"><div><strong>Spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7753</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026838</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7753">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spasticity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207753%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52372"><div><strong>Sleep abnormality</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52372</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52372">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sleep%20abnormality%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052372%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21318"><div><strong>Motor stereotypies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038271</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20stereotypies%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66034"><div><strong>Delayed ability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98406"><div><strong>Hyperactivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98406">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperactivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098406%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107874"><div><strong>Poor coordination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0563243</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107874">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Poor%20coordination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107874%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_109373"><div><strong>Compulsive behaviors</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>109373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0600104</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior that consists of repetitive acts, characterized by the feeling that one "has to" perform them, while being aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/109373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Compulsive%20behaviors%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20109373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_163547"><div><strong>Autistic behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0856975</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163547">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Autistic%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20163547%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_381392"><div><strong>Motor delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381392">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20381392%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78562"><div><strong>Plagiocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78562</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78562">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Plagiocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078562%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154262"><div><strong>Accelerated skeletal maturation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154262</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0545053</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased rate of skeletal maturation. Accelerated skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154262">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Accelerated%20skeletal%20maturation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154262%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_745757"><div><strong>Macrocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>745757</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2243051</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/745757">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macrocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20745757%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65991"><div><strong>High forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased height of the forehead.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65991">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065991%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116104"><div><strong>Open mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116104</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116104">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Open%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116104%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66013"><div><strong>Bulbous nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66013">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bulbous%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066013%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_151862"><div><strong>Epicanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>151862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0678230</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/151862">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epicanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20151862%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324419"><div><strong>Long face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324419</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836047</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324419">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324419%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373112"><div><strong>Depressed nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836542</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Depressed%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326574"><div><strong>Tented upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326574</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839767</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Triangular appearance of the oral aperture with the apex in the midpoint of the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion forming the base.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326574">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tented%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326574%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_339938"><div><strong>Midface retrusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339938</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853242</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339938">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Midface%20retrusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20339938%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343052"><div><strong>Short nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343052">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343052%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_356471"><div><strong>Downturned corners of mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356471</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356471">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downturned%20corners%20of%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20356471%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6694"><div><strong>Gynecomastia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6694</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018418</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6694">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gynecomastia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206694%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_82844"><div><strong>Inversion of nipple</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82844</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0269269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of nipples that instead of pointing outward are retracted inwards.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82844">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inversion%20of%20nipple%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2082844%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44558"><div><strong>Myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44558</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027092</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44558">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044558%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473112"><div><strong>Deeply set eye</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deeply%20set%20eye%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bulbous nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Depressed nasal bridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_356471" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downturned corners of mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_151862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epicanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324419" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_339938" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Midface retrusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116104" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Open mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326574" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tented upper lip vermilion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clinodactyly of the 5th finger</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_374376" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sandal gap</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98098" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tapered finger</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the breast</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6694" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gynecomastia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_82844" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inversion of nipple</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Constipation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deeply set eye</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44558" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154262" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Accelerated skeletal maturation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_745757" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78562" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Plagiocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1375" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aggressive behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anxiety</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_163547" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autistic behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_109373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Compulsive behaviors</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperactivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10044" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, mild</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_381392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor stereotypies</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Poor coordination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52372" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sleep abnormality</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7753" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spasticity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posteriorly rotated ears</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18127" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Obesity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69137" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tall stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37085014">Consensus recommendations on mental health issues in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Balkom IDC,
Burdeus-Olavarrieta M,
Cooke J,
de Cuba AG,
Turner A;
European Phelan-McDermid Syndrome consortium,
Vogels A,
Maruani A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2023 Jun;66(6):104770.
Epub 2023 Apr 20
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104770.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37085014" target="_blank">37085014</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36871884">Consensus recommendations on communication, language and speech in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burdeus-Olavarrieta M,
Nevado J,
van Weering-Scholten S,
Parker S;
European Phelan-McDermid syndrome consortium,
Swillen A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2023 May;66(5):104745.
Epub 2023 Mar 5
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104745.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36871884" target="_blank">36871884</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36293418">Correlation between Phenotype and Genotype in CTNNB1 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miroševič Š,
Khandelwal S,
Sušjan P,
Žakelj N,
Gosar D,
Forstnerič V,
Lainšček D,
Jerala R,
Osredkar D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2022 Oct 19;23(20)
doi: 10.3390/ijms232012564.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36293418" target="_blank">36293418</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9604177" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38851096">Epilepsy phenotypes across the different age-ranges in IQSEC2-related encephalopathy: An Italian multicentre retrospective cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mastrangelo M,
Greco C,
Tolve M,
Bartolini E,
Russo A,
Nicita F,
Pruna D,
Galli J,
Favaro J,
Terrone G,
De Felice C,
Pisani F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2024 Jul;119:119-127.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38851096" target="_blank">38851096</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37593819">Visual function in children with Joubert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morelli F,
Toni F,
Saligari E,
D'Abrusco F,
Serpieri V,
Ballante E,
Ruberto G,
Borgatti R,
Valente EM,
Signorini S;
Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2024 Mar;66(3):379-388.
Epub 2023 Aug 18
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15732.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37593819" target="_blank">37593819</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36293418">Correlation between Phenotype and Genotype in CTNNB1 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miroševič Š,
Khandelwal S,
Sušjan P,
Žakelj N,
Gosar D,
Forstnerič V,
Lainšček D,
Jerala R,
Osredkar D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2022 Oct 19;23(20)
doi: 10.3390/ijms232012564.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36293418" target="_blank">36293418</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9604177" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35395208">Germline variants in tumor suppressor FBXW7 lead to impaired ubiquitination and a neurodevelopmental syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephenson SEM,
Costain G,
Blok LER,
Silk MA,
Nguyen TB,
Dong X,
Alhuzaimi DE,
Dowling JJ,
Walker S,
Amburgey K,
Hayeems RZ,
Rodan LH,
Schwartz MA,
Picker J,
Lynch SA,
Gupta A,
Rasmussen KJ,
Schimmenti LA,
Klee EW,
Niu Z,
Agre KE,
Chilton I,
Chung WK,
Revah-Politi A,
Au PYB,
Griffith C,
Racobaldo M,
Raas-Rothschild A,
Ben Zeev B,
Barel O,
Moutton S,
Morice-Picard F,
Carmignac V,
Cornaton J,
Marle N,
Devinsky O,
Stimach C,
Wechsler SB,
Hainline BE,
Sapp K,
Willems M,
Bruel AL,
Dias KR,
Evans CA,
Roscioli T,
Sachdev R,
Temple SEL,
Zhu Y,
Baker JJ,
Scheffer IE,
Gardiner FJ,
Schneider AL,
Muir AM,
Mefford HC,
Crunk A,
Heise EM,
Millan F,
Monaghan KG,
Person R,
Rhodes L,
Richards S,
Wentzensen IM,
Cogné B,
Isidor B,
Nizon M,
Vincent M,
Besnard T,
Piton A,
Marcelis C,
Kato K,
Koyama N,
Ogi T,
Goh ES,
Richmond C,
Amor DJ,
Boyce JO,
Morgan AT,
Hildebrand MS,
Kaspi A,
Bahlo M,
Friðriksdóttir R,
Katrínardóttir H,
Sulem P,
Stefánsson K,
Björnsson HT,
Mandelstam S,
Morleo M,
Mariani M;
TUDP Study Group,
Scala M,
Accogli A,
Torella A,
Capra V,
Wallis M,
Jansen S,
Weisfisz Q,
de Haan H,
Sadedin S;
Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Lim SC,
White SM,
Ascher DB,
Schenck A,
Lockhart PJ,
Christodoulou J,
Tan TY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2022 Apr 7;109(4):601-617.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.03.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35395208" target="_blank">35395208</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9069070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32954514">Developmental and epilepsy spectrum of KCNB1 encephalopathy with long-term outcome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bar C,
Kuchenbuch M,
Barcia G,
Schneider A,
Jennesson M,
Le Guyader G,
Lesca G,
Mignot C,
Montomoli M,
Parrini E,
Isnard H,
Rolland A,
Keren B,
Afenjar A,
Dorison N,
Sadleir LG,
Breuillard D,
Levy R,
Rio M,
Dupont S,
Negrin S,
Danieli A,
Scalais E,
De Saint Martin A,
El Chehadeh S,
Chelly J,
Poisson A,
Lebre AS,
Nica A,
Odent S,
Sekhara T,
Brankovic V,
Goldenberg A,
Vrielynck P,
Lederer D,
Maurey H,
Terrone G,
Besmond C,
Hubert L,
Berquin P,
Billette de Villemeur T,
Isidor B,
Freeman JL,
Mefford HC,
Myers CT,
Howell KB,
Rodríguez-Sacristán Cascajo A,
Meyer P,
Genevieve D,
Guët A,
Doummar D,
Durigneux J,
van Dooren MF,
de Wit MCY,
Gerard M,
Marey I,
Munnich A,
Guerrini R,
Scheffer IE,
Kabashi E,
Nabbout R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
2020 Nov;61(11):2461-2473.
Epub 2020 Sep 21
doi: 10.1111/epi.16679.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32954514" target="_blank">32954514</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37593819">Visual function in children with Joubert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morelli F,
Toni F,
Saligari E,
D'Abrusco F,
Serpieri V,
Ballante E,
Ruberto G,
Borgatti R,
Valente EM,
Signorini S;
Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2024 Mar;66(3):379-388.
Epub 2023 Aug 18
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15732.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37593819" target="_blank">37593819</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36410413">Language and Communication Deficits in Chromosome 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jiménez-Romero MS,
Fernández-Urquiza M,
Benítez-Burraco A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Speech Lang Hear Res</span>
2022 Dec 12;65(12):4724-4740.
Epub 2022 Nov 21
doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36410413" target="_blank">36410413</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34246244">Characterisation of the clinical phenotype in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burdeus-Olavarrieta M,
San José-Cáceres A,
García-Alcón A,
González-Peñas J,
Hernández-Jusdado P,
Parellada-Redondo M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurodev Disord</span>
2021 Jul 10;13(1):26.
doi: 10.1186/s11689-021-09370-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34246244" target="_blank">34246244</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272382" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31579823">Disruptive variants of CSDE1 associate with autism and interfere with neuronal development and synaptic transmission.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guo H,
Li Y,
Shen L,
Wang T,
Jia X,
Liu L,
Xu T,
Ou M,
Hoekzema K,
Wu H,
Gillentine MA,
Liu C,
Ni H,
Peng P,
Zhao R,
Zhang Y,
Phornphutkul C,
Stegmann APA,
Prada CE,
Hopkin RJ,
Shieh JT,
McWalter K,
Monaghan KG,
van Hasselt PM,
van Gassen K,
Bai T,
Long M,
Han L,
Quan Y,
Chen M,
Zhang Y,
Li K,
Zhang Q,
Tan J,
Zhu T,
Liu Y,
Pang N,
Peng J,
Scott DA,
Lalani SR,
Azamian M,
Mancini GMS,
Adams DJ,
Kvarnung M,
Lindstrand A,
Nordgren A,
Pevsner J,
Osei-Owusu IA,
Romano C,
Calabrese G,
Galesi O,
Gecz J,
Haan E,
Ranells J,
Racobaldo M,
Nordenskjold M,
Madan-Khetarpal S,
Sebastian J,
Ball S,
Zou X,
Zhao J,
Hu Z,
Xia F,
Liu P,
Rosenfeld JA,
de Vries BBA,
Bernier RA,
Xu ZD,
Li H,
Xie W,
Hufnagel RB,
Eichler EE,
Xia K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Adv</span>
2019 Sep;5(9):eaax2166.
Epub 2019 Sep 25
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2166.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31579823" target="_blank">31579823</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6760934" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (23)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38851096">Epilepsy phenotypes across the different age-ranges in IQSEC2-related encephalopathy: An Italian multicentre retrospective cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mastrangelo M,
Greco C,
Tolve M,
Bartolini E,
Russo A,
Nicita F,
Pruna D,
Galli J,
Favaro J,
Terrone G,
De Felice C,
Pisani F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2024 Jul;119:119-127.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38851096" target="_blank">38851096</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29538625">Protein instability, haploinsufficiency, and cortical hyper-excitability underlie STXBP1 encephalopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kovacevic J,
Maroteaux G,
Schut D,
Loos M,
Dubey M,
Pitsch J,
Remmelink E,
Koopmans B,
Crowley J,
Cornelisse LN,
Sullivan PF,
Schoch S,
Toonen RF,
Stiedl O,
Verhage M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2018 May 1;141(5):1350-1374.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awy046.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29538625" target="_blank">29538625</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5917748" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35395208">Germline variants in tumor suppressor FBXW7 lead to impaired ubiquitination and a neurodevelopmental syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephenson SEM,
Costain G,
Blok LER,
Silk MA,
Nguyen TB,
Dong X,
Alhuzaimi DE,
Dowling JJ,
Walker S,
Amburgey K,
Hayeems RZ,
Rodan LH,
Schwartz MA,
Picker J,
Lynch SA,
Gupta A,
Rasmussen KJ,
Schimmenti LA,
Klee EW,
Niu Z,
Agre KE,
Chilton I,
Chung WK,
Revah-Politi A,
Au PYB,
Griffith C,
Racobaldo M,
Raas-Rothschild A,
Ben Zeev B,
Barel O,
Moutton S,
Morice-Picard F,
Carmignac V,
Cornaton J,
Marle N,
Devinsky O,
Stimach C,
Wechsler SB,
Hainline BE,
Sapp K,
Willems M,
Bruel AL,
Dias KR,
Evans CA,
Roscioli T,
Sachdev R,
Temple SEL,
Zhu Y,
Baker JJ,
Scheffer IE,
Gardiner FJ,
Schneider AL,
Muir AM,
Mefford HC,
Crunk A,
Heise EM,
Millan F,
Monaghan KG,
Person R,
Rhodes L,
Richards S,
Wentzensen IM,
Cogné B,
Isidor B,
Nizon M,
Vincent M,
Besnard T,
Piton A,
Marcelis C,
Kato K,
Koyama N,
Ogi T,
Goh ES,
Richmond C,
Amor DJ,
Boyce JO,
Morgan AT,
Hildebrand MS,
Kaspi A,
Bahlo M,
Friðriksdóttir R,
Katrínardóttir H,
Sulem P,
Stefánsson K,
Björnsson HT,
Mandelstam S,
Morleo M,
Mariani M;
TUDP Study Group,
Scala M,
Accogli A,
Torella A,
Capra V,
Wallis M,
Jansen S,
Weisfisz Q,
de Haan H,
Sadedin S;
Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Lim SC,
White SM,
Ascher DB,
Schenck A,
Lockhart PJ,
Christodoulou J,
Tan TY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2022 Apr 7;109(4):601-617.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.03.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35395208" target="_blank">35395208</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9069070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34246244">Characterisation of the clinical phenotype in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burdeus-Olavarrieta M,
San José-Cáceres A,
García-Alcón A,
González-Peñas J,
Hernández-Jusdado P,
Parellada-Redondo M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurodev Disord</span>
2021 Jul 10;13(1):26.
doi: 10.1186/s11689-021-09370-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34246244" target="_blank">34246244</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272382" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32954514">Developmental and epilepsy spectrum of KCNB1 encephalopathy with long-term outcome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bar C,
Kuchenbuch M,
Barcia G,
Schneider A,
Jennesson M,
Le Guyader G,
Lesca G,
Mignot C,
Montomoli M,
Parrini E,
Isnard H,
Rolland A,
Keren B,
Afenjar A,
Dorison N,
Sadleir LG,
Breuillard D,
Levy R,
Rio M,
Dupont S,
Negrin S,
Danieli A,
Scalais E,
De Saint Martin A,
El Chehadeh S,
Chelly J,
Poisson A,
Lebre AS,
Nica A,
Odent S,
Sekhara T,
Brankovic V,
Goldenberg A,
Vrielynck P,
Lederer D,
Maurey H,
Terrone G,
Besmond C,
Hubert L,
Berquin P,
Billette de Villemeur T,
Isidor B,
Freeman JL,
Mefford HC,
Myers CT,
Howell KB,
Rodríguez-Sacristán Cascajo A,
Meyer P,
Genevieve D,
Guët A,
Doummar D,
Durigneux J,
van Dooren MF,
de Wit MCY,
Gerard M,
Marey I,
Munnich A,
Guerrini R,
Scheffer IE,
Kabashi E,
Nabbout R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
2020 Nov;61(11):2461-2473.
Epub 2020 Sep 21
doi: 10.1111/epi.16679.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32954514" target="_blank">32954514</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32006357">Genomics of Autism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fakhro KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Neurobiol</span>
2020;24:83-96.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32006357" target="_blank">32006357</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38054405">Biallelic variants in SLC4A10 encoding a sodium-dependent bicarbonate transporter lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maroofian R,
Zamani M,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Liebmann L,
Karimiani EG,
Vona B,
Huebner AK,
Calame DG,
Misra VK,
Sadeghian S,
Azizimalamiri R,
Mohammadi MH,
Zeighami J,
Heydaran S,
Toosi MB,
Akhondian J,
Babaei M,
Hashemi N,
Schnur RE,
Suri M,
Setzke J,
Wagner M,
Brunet T,
Grochowski CM,
Emrick L,
Chung WK,
Hellmich UA,
Schmidts M,
Lupski JR,
Galehdari H,
Severino M,
Houlden H,
Hübner CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2024 Mar;26(3):101034.
Epub 2023 Dec 3
doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38054405" target="_blank">38054405</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11157690" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36293418">Correlation between Phenotype and Genotype in CTNNB1 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miroševič Š,
Khandelwal S,
Sušjan P,
Žakelj N,
Gosar D,
Forstnerič V,
Lainšček D,
Jerala R,
Osredkar D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2022 Oct 19;23(20)
doi: 10.3390/ijms232012564.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36293418" target="_blank">36293418</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9604177" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35395208">Germline variants in tumor suppressor FBXW7 lead to impaired ubiquitination and a neurodevelopmental syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephenson SEM,
Costain G,
Blok LER,
Silk MA,
Nguyen TB,
Dong X,
Alhuzaimi DE,
Dowling JJ,
Walker S,
Amburgey K,
Hayeems RZ,
Rodan LH,
Schwartz MA,
Picker J,
Lynch SA,
Gupta A,
Rasmussen KJ,
Schimmenti LA,
Klee EW,
Niu Z,
Agre KE,
Chilton I,
Chung WK,
Revah-Politi A,
Au PYB,
Griffith C,
Racobaldo M,
Raas-Rothschild A,
Ben Zeev B,
Barel O,
Moutton S,
Morice-Picard F,
Carmignac V,
Cornaton J,
Marle N,
Devinsky O,
Stimach C,
Wechsler SB,
Hainline BE,
Sapp K,
Willems M,
Bruel AL,
Dias KR,
Evans CA,
Roscioli T,
Sachdev R,
Temple SEL,
Zhu Y,
Baker JJ,
Scheffer IE,
Gardiner FJ,
Schneider AL,
Muir AM,
Mefford HC,
Crunk A,
Heise EM,
Millan F,
Monaghan KG,
Person R,
Rhodes L,
Richards S,
Wentzensen IM,
Cogné B,
Isidor B,
Nizon M,
Vincent M,
Besnard T,
Piton A,
Marcelis C,
Kato K,
Koyama N,
Ogi T,
Goh ES,
Richmond C,
Amor DJ,
Boyce JO,
Morgan AT,
Hildebrand MS,
Kaspi A,
Bahlo M,
Friðriksdóttir R,
Katrínardóttir H,
Sulem P,
Stefánsson K,
Björnsson HT,
Mandelstam S,
Morleo M,
Mariani M;
TUDP Study Group,
Scala M,
Accogli A,
Torella A,
Capra V,
Wallis M,
Jansen S,
Weisfisz Q,
de Haan H,
Sadedin S;
Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Lim SC,
White SM,
Ascher DB,
Schenck A,
Lockhart PJ,
Christodoulou J,
Tan TY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2022 Apr 7;109(4):601-617.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.03.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35395208" target="_blank">35395208</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9069070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34246244">Characterisation of the clinical phenotype in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burdeus-Olavarrieta M,
San José-Cáceres A,
García-Alcón A,
González-Peñas J,
Hernández-Jusdado P,
Parellada-Redondo M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurodev Disord</span>
2021 Jul 10;13(1):26.
doi: 10.1186/s11689-021-09370-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34246244" target="_blank">34246244</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8272382" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32006357">Genomics of Autism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fakhro KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Neurobiol</span>
2020;24:83-96.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-30402-7_3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32006357" target="_blank">32006357</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36293418">Correlation between Phenotype and Genotype in CTNNB1 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miroševič Š,
Khandelwal S,
Sušjan P,
Žakelj N,
Gosar D,
Forstnerič V,
Lainšček D,
Jerala R,
Osredkar D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2022 Oct 19;23(20)
doi: 10.3390/ijms232012564.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36293418" target="_blank">36293418</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9604177" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36045324">Phenotypic characteristics and variability in CHARGE syndrome: a PRISMA compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thomas AT,
Waite J,
Williams CA,
Kirk J,
Oliver C,
Richards C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurodev Disord</span>
2022 Aug 31;14(1):49.
doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09459-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36045324" target="_blank">36045324</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9429597" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25874378">The hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli D,
Diodato D,
Ponzi E,
Monné M,
Boenzi S,
Bertini E,
Fiermonte G,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2015 Mar 11;10:29.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0242-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25874378" target="_blank">25874378</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4358699" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193092%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (8)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193092%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;test_type=Research" target="_blank">Research (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193092%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (8)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193092%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (2)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5193092%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (11)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=618430" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20delay%20with%20variable%20intellectual%20impairment%20and%20behavioral%20abnormalities)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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