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<meta name="keywords" content="C4539843, dee55, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 55, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 55, disease or syndrome, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 55, eiee55, epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 55, glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 14, gpibd14, infantile epileptic encephalopathy 55, pigp, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-55 (DEE55) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first weeks or months of life. Affected individuals have an extremely poor outcome, with profoundly impaired intellectual development, absent speech, spastic quadriplegia, and dyskinetic movements. Most have cortical visual impairment and require a feeding tube. Brain imaging shows nonspecific abnormalities, including cerebral atrophy, thin corpus callosum, and abnormal signals in the white matter. Death in childhood may occur. Biochemically, the disorder is associated with impaired synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (summary by Vetro et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=1622363
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ConceptID=C4539843
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 55<span class="h1sub">(EIEE55; GPIBD14; DEE55)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1622363</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4539843</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 55; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL BIOSYNTHESIS DEFECT 14</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="PIGP - ID: 51227 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/51227" class="medgenPMinfo">PIGP</a> (21q22.13)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0033364" target="_blank">MONDO:0033364</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/617599" target="_blank">617599</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-55 (DEE55) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first weeks or months of life. Affected individuals have an extremely poor outcome, with profoundly impaired intellectual development, absent speech, spastic quadriplegia, and dyskinetic movements. Most have cortical visual impairment and require a feeding tube. Brain imaging shows nonspecific abnormalities, including cerebral atrophy, thin corpus callosum, and abnormal signals in the white matter. Death in childhood may occur. Biochemically, the disorder is associated with impaired synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (summary by Vetro et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
|
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</div>
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||
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_333083"><div><strong>Limb hypertonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1838391</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333083">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limb%20hypertonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20333083%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99124"><div><strong>Growth delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99124</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0456070</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99124">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Growth%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099124%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_40341"><div><strong>Clonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40341</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0009024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/40341">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2040341%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_138005"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0344482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/138005">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20138005%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_452596"><div><strong>Epileptic encephalopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>452596</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0543888</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A condition in which epileptiform abnormalities are believed to contribute to the progressive disturbance in cerebral function. Epileptic encephalaopathy is characterized by (1) electrographic EEG paroxysmal activity that is often aggressive, (2) seizures that are usually multiform and intractable, (3) cognitive, behavioral and neurological deficits that may be relentless, and (4) sometimes early death.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/452596">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epileptic%20encephalopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20452596%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107860"><div><strong>Inability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107860</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0560046</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Incapability to ambulate.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107860">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107860%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195766"><div><strong>Hypsarrhythmia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195766</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0684276</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195766">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypsarrhythmia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195766%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_303190"><div><strong>Reduced eye contact</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>303190</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1445953</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduced frequency or duration of eye contact.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/303190">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reduced%20eye%20contact%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20303190%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340737"><div><strong>Absent speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854882</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absent%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892508"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, profound</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3161330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892508">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20profound%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892508%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_866864"><div><strong>Multifocal epileptiform discharges</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>866864</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021219</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality in cerebral electrical activity recorded along the scalp by electroencephalography (EEG) and being identified at multiple locations (foci).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/866864">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multifocal%20epileptiform%20discharges%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20866864%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83069"><div><strong>Flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0333068</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83069">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083069%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473122"><div><strong>Decreased head circumference</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473122</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0424688</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally reduced head circumference in a growing child. Head circumference is measured with a nonelastic tape and comprises the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head. The measured HC is then plotted on an appropriate growth chart. Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference (HC) that is great than two standard deviations below the mean of age- and gender-matched population based samples. Severe microcephaly is defined with an HC that is three standard deviations below the mean.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473122">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20head%20circumference%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473122%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_322809"><div><strong>Poor head control</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322809</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836038</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322809">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Poor%20head%20control%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20322809%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336793"><div><strong>Joint hypermobility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336793</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844820</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336793">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Joint%20hypermobility%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336793%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342959"><div><strong>Axial hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342959</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1853743</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342959">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Axial%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342959%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_890568"><div><strong>Cerebral visual impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>890568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4048268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/890568">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20visual%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20890568%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_333083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limb hypertonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_890568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral visual impairment</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342959" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Axial hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473122" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased head circumference</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flexion contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336793" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joint hypermobility</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_322809" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Poor head control</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_40341" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_452596" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epileptic encephalopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_138005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195766" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypsarrhythmia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107860" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, profound</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_866864" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multifocal epileptiform discharges</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_303190" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reduced eye contact</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99124" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Growth delay</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804168">Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reilly C,
|
||
Jette N,
|
||
Johnson EC,
|
||
Kariuki SM,
|
||
Meredith F,
|
||
Wirrell E,
|
||
Mula M,
|
||
Smith ML,
|
||
Walsh S,
|
||
Fong CY,
|
||
Wilmshurst JM,
|
||
Kerr M,
|
||
Valente K,
|
||
Auvin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;64(12):3160-3195.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804168" target="_blank">37804168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34997442">L-Serine Treatment is Associated with Improvements in Behavior, EEG, and Seizure Frequency in Individuals with GRIN-Related Disorders Due to Null Variants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Krey I,
|
||
von Spiczak S,
|
||
Johannesen KM,
|
||
Hikel C,
|
||
Kurlemann G,
|
||
Muhle H,
|
||
Beysen D,
|
||
Dietel T,
|
||
Møller RS,
|
||
Lemke JR,
|
||
Syrbe S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurotherapeutics</span>
|
||
2022 Jan;19(1):334-341.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jan 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01173-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34997442" target="_blank">34997442</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9130352" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29320603">Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McTague A,
|
||
Martland T,
|
||
Appleton R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2018 Jan 10;1(1):CD001905.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001905.pub3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29320603" target="_blank">29320603</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6491279" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31618474">The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burgess R,
|
||
Wang S,
|
||
McTague A,
|
||
Boysen KE,
|
||
Yang X,
|
||
Zeng Q,
|
||
Myers KA,
|
||
Rochtus A,
|
||
Trivisano M,
|
||
Gill D;
|
||
EIMFS Consortium,
|
||
Sadleir LG,
|
||
Specchio N,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Marini C,
|
||
Zhang YH,
|
||
Mefford HC,
|
||
Kurian MA,
|
||
Poduri AH,
|
||
Scheffer IE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
|
||
2019 Dec;86(6):821-831.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ana.25619.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31618474" target="_blank">31618474</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7423163" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30541864">SYNGAP1 encephalopathy: A distinctive generalized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vlaskamp DRM,
|
||
Shaw BJ,
|
||
Burgess R,
|
||
Mei D,
|
||
Montomoli M,
|
||
Xie H,
|
||
Myers CT,
|
||
Bennett MF,
|
||
XiangWei W,
|
||
Williams D,
|
||
Maas SM,
|
||
Brooks AS,
|
||
Mancini GMS,
|
||
van de Laar IMBH,
|
||
van Hagen JM,
|
||
Ware TL,
|
||
Webster RI,
|
||
Malone S,
|
||
Berkovic SF,
|
||
Kalnins RM,
|
||
Sicca F,
|
||
Korenke GC,
|
||
van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA,
|
||
Hildebrand MS,
|
||
Mefford HC,
|
||
Jiang Y,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Scheffer IE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2019 Jan 8;92(2):e96-e107.
|
||
Epub 2018 Dec 12
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006729.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30541864" target="_blank">30541864</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6340340" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29768152">Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devinsky O,
|
||
Patel AD,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Villanueva V,
|
||
Wirrell EC,
|
||
Privitera M,
|
||
Greenwood SM,
|
||
Roberts C,
|
||
Checketts D,
|
||
VanLandingham KE,
|
||
Zuberi SM;
|
||
GWPCARE3 Study Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2018 May 17;378(20):1888-1897.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714631.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29768152" target="_blank">29768152</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29395273">Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thiele EA,
|
||
Marsh ED,
|
||
French JA,
|
||
Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M,
|
||
Benbadis SR,
|
||
Joshi C,
|
||
Lyons PD,
|
||
Taylor A,
|
||
Roberts C,
|
||
Sommerville K;
|
||
GWPCARE4 Study Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2018 Mar 17;391(10125):1085-1096.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jan 26
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30136-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29395273" target="_blank">29395273</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25689425">The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion syndrome: a review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cox DM,
|
||
Butler MG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
|
||
2015 Feb 13;16(2):4068-82.
|
||
doi: 10.3390/ijms16024068.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25689425" target="_blank">25689425</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4346944" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (198)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804168">Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reilly C,
|
||
Jette N,
|
||
Johnson EC,
|
||
Kariuki SM,
|
||
Meredith F,
|
||
Wirrell E,
|
||
Mula M,
|
||
Smith ML,
|
||
Walsh S,
|
||
Fong CY,
|
||
Wilmshurst JM,
|
||
Kerr M,
|
||
Valente K,
|
||
Auvin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;64(12):3160-3195.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804168" target="_blank">37804168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31618474">The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burgess R,
|
||
Wang S,
|
||
McTague A,
|
||
Boysen KE,
|
||
Yang X,
|
||
Zeng Q,
|
||
Myers KA,
|
||
Rochtus A,
|
||
Trivisano M,
|
||
Gill D;
|
||
EIMFS Consortium,
|
||
Sadleir LG,
|
||
Specchio N,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Marini C,
|
||
Zhang YH,
|
||
Mefford HC,
|
||
Kurian MA,
|
||
Poduri AH,
|
||
Scheffer IE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
|
||
2019 Dec;86(6):821-831.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ana.25619.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31618474" target="_blank">31618474</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7423163" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30977727">Late adult-onset epilepsy in a patient with hemimegalencephaly.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Climans SA,
|
||
Mirsattari SM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epileptic Disord</span>
|
||
2019 Apr 1;21(2):206-208.
|
||
doi: 10.1684/epd.2019.1041.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30977727" target="_blank">30977727</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25284034">Surgical options for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Douglass LM,
|
||
Salpekar J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2014 Sep;55 Suppl 4:21-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.12742.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25284034" target="_blank">25284034</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22522085">Epileptic encephalopathy and amelogenesis imperfecta: Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schossig A,
|
||
Wolf NI,
|
||
Kapferer I,
|
||
Kohlschütter A,
|
||
Zschocke J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
|
||
2012 May;55(5):319-22.
|
||
Epub 2012 Mar 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.02.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22522085" target="_blank">22522085</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (146)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37977712">Classic ketogenic diet versus further antiseizure medicine in infants with drug-resistant epilepsy (KIWE): a UK, multicentre, open-label, randomised clinical trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schoeler NE,
|
||
Marston L,
|
||
Lyons L,
|
||
Halsall S,
|
||
Jain R,
|
||
Titre-Johnson S,
|
||
Balogun M,
|
||
Heales SJR,
|
||
Eaton S,
|
||
Orford M,
|
||
Neal E,
|
||
Reilly C,
|
||
Eltze C,
|
||
Stephen E,
|
||
Mallick AA,
|
||
O'Callaghan F,
|
||
Agrawal S,
|
||
Parker A,
|
||
Kirkpatrick M,
|
||
Brunklaus A,
|
||
McLellan A,
|
||
McCullagh H,
|
||
Samanta R,
|
||
Kneen R,
|
||
Tan HJ,
|
||
Devlin A,
|
||
Prasad M,
|
||
Rattihalli R,
|
||
Basu H,
|
||
Desurkar A,
|
||
Williams R,
|
||
Fallon P,
|
||
Nazareth I,
|
||
Freemantle N,
|
||
Cross JH;
|
||
KIWE study group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;22(12):1113-1124.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00370-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37977712" target="_blank">37977712</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37804168">Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reilly C,
|
||
Jette N,
|
||
Johnson EC,
|
||
Kariuki SM,
|
||
Meredith F,
|
||
Wirrell E,
|
||
Mula M,
|
||
Smith ML,
|
||
Walsh S,
|
||
Fong CY,
|
||
Wilmshurst JM,
|
||
Kerr M,
|
||
Valente K,
|
||
Auvin S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;64(12):3160-3195.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.17768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37804168" target="_blank">37804168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30541864">SYNGAP1 encephalopathy: A distinctive generalized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vlaskamp DRM,
|
||
Shaw BJ,
|
||
Burgess R,
|
||
Mei D,
|
||
Montomoli M,
|
||
Xie H,
|
||
Myers CT,
|
||
Bennett MF,
|
||
XiangWei W,
|
||
Williams D,
|
||
Maas SM,
|
||
Brooks AS,
|
||
Mancini GMS,
|
||
van de Laar IMBH,
|
||
van Hagen JM,
|
||
Ware TL,
|
||
Webster RI,
|
||
Malone S,
|
||
Berkovic SF,
|
||
Kalnins RM,
|
||
Sicca F,
|
||
Korenke GC,
|
||
van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA,
|
||
Hildebrand MS,
|
||
Mefford HC,
|
||
Jiang Y,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Scheffer IE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2019 Jan 8;92(2):e96-e107.
|
||
Epub 2018 Dec 12
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006729.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30541864" target="_blank">30541864</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6340340" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29768152">Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Devinsky O,
|
||
Patel AD,
|
||
Cross JH,
|
||
Villanueva V,
|
||
Wirrell EC,
|
||
Privitera M,
|
||
Greenwood SM,
|
||
Roberts C,
|
||
Checketts D,
|
||
VanLandingham KE,
|
||
Zuberi SM;
|
||
GWPCARE3 Study Group</span><br />
|
||
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29395273">Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thiele EA,
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Marsh ED,
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French JA,
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Joshi C,
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Lyons PD,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29395273" target="_blank">29395273</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (95)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39011766">Clinical signatures of genetic epilepsies precede diagnosis in electronic medical records of 32,000 individuals.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schoeler NE,
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yerby MS</span><br />
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (113)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38380699">L-serine treatment in patients with GRIN-related encephalopathy: a phase 2A, non-randomized study.</a></div>
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Nizon M,
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Gjerulfsen CE,
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Muro VL,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38380699" target="_blank">38380699</a></div>
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Shah MN,
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Leonard J,
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Pindrik J,
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Shaikhouni A,
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Goldman JE,
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Mardis ER,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31618474">The Genetic Landscape of Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burgess R,
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Wang S,
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McTague A,
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Zeng Q,
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Myers KA,
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Rochtus A,
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Trivisano M,
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Gill D;
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EIMFS Consortium,
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Sadleir LG,
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Specchio N,
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Guerrini R,
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Marini C,
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Zhang YH,
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Mefford HC,
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|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29320603">Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McTague A,
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Martland T,
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Appleton R</span><br />
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2018 Jan 10;1(1):CD001905.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29320603" target="_blank">29320603</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6491279" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25689425">The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion syndrome: a review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cox DM,
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Butler MG</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
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2015 Feb 13;16(2):4068-82.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25689425" target="_blank">25689425</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4346944" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (112)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37327751">Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: Main clinical and radiological findings- systematic literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rondão MBA,
|
||
Hsu BRRHS,
|
||
Centeno RS,
|
||
de Aguiar PHP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
|
||
2023 Aug;110:58-68.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jun 3
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.04.020.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37327751" target="_blank">37327751</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37023554">The influence of disease course and surgery on quality of life in children with focal cortical dysplasia and long-term epilepsy-associated tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vasilica AM,
|
||
Winsor A,
|
||
Chari A,
|
||
Scott R,
|
||
Baldeweg T,
|
||
Tisdall M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsy Res</span>
|
||
2023 May;192:107132.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107132.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37023554" target="_blank">37023554</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36917267">Clinical presentation, natural history, and outcomes for infantile intracranial cavernous malformations: case series and systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goyal A,
|
||
Fernandes-Torres J,
|
||
Flemming KD,
|
||
Williams LN,
|
||
Daniels DJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
|
||
2023 Jun;39(6):1545-1554.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 14
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00381-023-05903-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36917267" target="_blank">36917267</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33094492">Antenatal diagnosis of fetal intraventricular hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dunbar MJ,
|
||
Woodward K,
|
||
Leijser LM,
|
||
Kirton A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;63(2):144-155.
|
||
Epub 2020 Oct 22
|
||
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14713.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33094492" target="_blank">33094492</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29320603">Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McTague A,
|
||
Martland T,
|
||
Appleton R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2018 Jan 10;1(1):CD001905.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001905.pub3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29320603" target="_blank">29320603</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6491279" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539843%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (9)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539843%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (11)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539843%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (3)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539843%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (12)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(developmental%20and%20epileptic%20encephalopathy%2C%2055)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67cca4cca68b6b5afcb9c063">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 55</a>
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