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<meta name="keywords" content="C4225427, disease or syndrome, ifih1, ifih1 singleton-merten dysplasia, sgmrt1, singleton-merten dysplasia caused by mutation in ifih1, singleton-merten syndrome 1, syndrome of widened medullary cavities of the metacarpals and phalanges, aortic calcification and abnormal dentition, widened medullary cavities of bone, aortic calcification, abnormal dentition, and muscular weakness, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of blood vessels, teeth, and bone. Calcifications of the aorta and aortic and mitral valves occur in childhood or puberty and can lead to early death. Dental findings include delayed primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption, truncated tooth root formation, early-onset periodontal disease, and severe root and alveolar bone resorption associated with dysregulated mineralization, leading to tooth loss. Osseous features consist of osteoporosis, either generalized or limited to distal extremities, distal limb osteolysis, widened medullary cavities, and easy tearing of tendons from bone. Less common features are mild facial dysmorphism (high anterior hair line, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, thin upper vermilion border), generalized muscle weakness, psoriasis, early-onset glaucoma, and recurrent infections. The disorder manifests with variable inter- and intrafamilial phenotypes (summary by Rutsch et al., 2015).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Singleton-Merten Syndrome&#13; An atypical form of Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2; 616298) is caused by mutation in the DDX58 gene (609631) on chromosome 9p21." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Singleton-Merten syndrome 1 (Concept Id: C4225427)
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<!--
UID=899946
ConceptID=C4225427
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Singleton-Merten syndrome 1<span class="h1sub">(SGMRT1)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>899946</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4225427</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>SGMRT1; Syndrome of widened medullary cavities of the metacarpals and phalanges, aortic calcification and abnormal dentition; Widened medullary cavities of bone, aortic calcification, abnormal dentition, and muscular weakness</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="IFIH1 - ID: 64135 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/64135" class="medgenPMinfo">IFIH1</a> (2q24.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0024535" target="_blank">MONDO:0024535</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/182250" target="_blank">182250</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of blood vessels, teeth, and bone. Calcifications of the aorta and aortic and mitral valves occur in childhood or puberty and can lead to early death. Dental findings include delayed primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption, truncated tooth root formation, early-onset periodontal disease, and severe root and alveolar bone resorption associated with dysregulated mineralization, leading to tooth loss. Osseous features consist of osteoporosis, either generalized or limited to distal extremities, distal limb osteolysis, widened medullary cavities, and easy tearing of tendons from bone. Less common features are mild facial dysmorphism (high anterior hair line, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, thin upper vermilion border), generalized muscle weakness, psoriasis, early-onset glaucoma, and recurrent infections. The disorder manifests with variable inter- and intrafamilial phenotypes (summary by Rutsch et al., 2015).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Singleton-Merten Syndrome&#13; An atypical form of Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2; 616298) is caused by mutation in the DDX58 gene (609631) on chromosome 9p21. [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3130"><div><strong>Clubfoot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3130</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3130">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clubfoot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203130%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116080"><div><strong>Coxa valga</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116080</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239137</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip in which the angle between the femoral shaft and the femoral neck is increased compared to age-adjusted values (about 150 degrees in newborns gradually reducing to 120-130 degrees in adults).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116080">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coxa%20valga%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116080%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140946"><div><strong>Hip subluxation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140946</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0434785</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Injury or Poisoning</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A partial dislocation of the hip joint, whereby the head of the femur is partially displaced from the socket.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hip%20subluxation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140946%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154364"><div><strong>Genu valgum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154364</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0576093</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154364">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Genu%20valgum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154364%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_675590"><div><strong>Pes cavus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>675590</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0728829</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/675590">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pes%20cavus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20675590%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_183017"><div><strong>Acroosteolysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>183017</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0917990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dissolution or degeneration of bone tissue of the phalanges of the hand.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/183017">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Acroosteolysis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20183017%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344384"><div><strong>Shallow acetabular fossae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344384</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854910</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344384">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Shallow%20acetabular%20fossae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344384%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369464"><div><strong>Expanded phalanges with widened medullary cavities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369464</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969287</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369464">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Expanded%20phalanges%20with%20widened%20medullary%20cavities%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369464%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369465"><div><strong>Expanded metacarpals with widened medullary cavities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369465</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969288</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369465">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Expanded%20metacarpals%20with%20widened%20medullary%20cavities%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369465%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369975"><div><strong>Expanded metatarsals with widened medullary cavities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369975</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969289</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369975">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Expanded%20metatarsals%20with%20widened%20medullary%20cavities%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369975%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1621"><div><strong>Aortic valve stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003507</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1621">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201621%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5459"><div><strong>Cardiomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018800</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5459">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cardiomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205459%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9169"><div><strong>Congestive heart failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018802</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9169">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congestive%20heart%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209169%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90950"><div><strong>Subvalvular aortic stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0340375</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A fixed form of obstruction to blood flow across the left-ventricular outflow tract related to stenosis (narrowing) below the level of the aortic valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90950">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Subvalvular%20aortic%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090950%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140899"><div><strong>Aortic valve calcification</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140899</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0428791</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Deposition of calcium salts in the aortic valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140899">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20valve%20calcification%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140899%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_181575"><div><strong>Mitral valve calcification</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>181575</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0919718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/181575">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitral%20valve%20calcification%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20181575%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_409798"><div><strong>Aortic arch calcification</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409798</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969291</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the arch of aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409798">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20arch%20calcification%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20409798%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87607"><div><strong>Short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1806755"><div><strong>Decreased body weight</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1806755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5574742</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally low body weight.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1806755">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20body%20weight%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201806755%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66667"><div><strong>Waddling gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231712</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66667">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Waddling%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066667%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42455"><div><strong>Hip dislocation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42455</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019554</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Injury or Poisoning</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Displacement of the femur from its normal location in the hip joint.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hip%20dislocation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042455%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18222"><div><strong>Osteopenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18222</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029453</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18222">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteopenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018222%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14535"><div><strong>Osteoporosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029456</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14535">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteoporosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014535%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57735"><div><strong>Muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151786</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_508840"><div><strong>Tendon rupture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>508840</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151937</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Injury or Poisoning</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Breakage (tear) of a tendon.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tendon%20rupture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20508840%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66804"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the maxilla</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66804</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66804">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20maxilla%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066804%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83065"><div><strong>Joint subluxation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0332768</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Injury or Poisoning</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A partial dislocation of a joint.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Joint%20subluxation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083065%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_451037"><div><strong>Muscle fiber atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>451037</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333751</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/451037">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20fiber%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20451037%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346823"><div><strong>Thickened calvaria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346823</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858452</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormally thick calvaria.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346823">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thickened%20calvaria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346823%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_409797"><div><strong>Hypoplastic distal radial epiphyses</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409797</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969286</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the distal epiphysis of the radius.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409797">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20distal%20radial%20epiphyses%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20409797%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10805"><div><strong>Pleural effusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10805</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10805">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pleural%20effusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010805%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_812812"><div><strong>Recurrent respiratory infections</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>812812</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3806482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/812812">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Recurrent%20respiratory%20infections%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20812812%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8288"><div><strong>Carious teeth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8288</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011334</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8288">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Carious%20teeth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208288%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11856"><div><strong>Eruption failure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11856</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040458</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A tooth which does not erupt within the teeth eruption timeline and after the loss of eruption potential.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11856">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Eruption%20failure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011856%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_222980"><div><strong>Smooth philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>222980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1142533</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/222980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Smooth%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20222980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_338610"><div><strong>Broad forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338610</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849089</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338610">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20338610%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_437181"><div><strong>Short dental root</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>437181</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Tooth root length more than 2 SD below mean, or subjectively apparently decreased tooth root length.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/437181">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20dental%20root%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20437181%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_477667"><div><strong>High anterior hairline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3276036</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between the hairline and the glabella.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477667">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20anterior%20hairline%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20477667%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892443"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the tooth germ</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892443</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the tooth germ, i.e., of the structure that forms in odontogenesis that will develop into a tooth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892443">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20tooth%20germ%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892443%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39324"><div><strong>Onycholysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39324</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085661</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Detachment of the nail from the nail bed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39324">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Onycholysis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039324%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87601"><div><strong>Cutaneous photosensitivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87601</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349506</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87601">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cutaneous%20photosensitivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087601%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2287"><div><strong>Ptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0005745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2287">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202287%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42224"><div><strong>Glaucoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42224</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017601</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42224">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Glaucoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042224%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44558"><div><strong>Myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44558</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027092</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44558">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044558%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_338610" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8288" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Carious teeth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11856" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Eruption failure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_477667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High anterior hairline</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892443" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the tooth germ</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_437181" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short dental root</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_222980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Smooth philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_183017" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acroosteolysis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3130" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clubfoot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116080" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coxa valga</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369465" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Expanded metacarpals with widened medullary cavities</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369975" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Expanded metatarsals with widened medullary cavities</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369464" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Expanded phalanges with widened medullary cavities</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154364" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Genu valgum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140946" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hip subluxation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_675590" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pes cavus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344384" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Shallow acetabular fossae</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_409798" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic arch calcification</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140899" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic valve calcification</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1621" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic valve stenosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomegaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congestive heart failure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_181575" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitral valve calcification</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90950" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Subvalvular aortic stenosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42224" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glaucoma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44558" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87601" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutaneous photosensitivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39324" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Onycholysis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42455" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hip dislocation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66804" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the maxilla</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_409797" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic distal radial epiphyses</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83065" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joint subluxation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_451037" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle fiber atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18222" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteopenia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteoporosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_508840" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tendon rupture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346823" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thickened calvaria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Waddling gait</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10805" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pleural effusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_812812" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Recurrent respiratory infections</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1806755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased body weight</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28585220">Inherited Arterial Calcification Syndromes: Etiologies and Treatment Concepts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nitschke Y,
Rutsch F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Osteoporos Rep</span>
2017 Aug;15(4):255-270.
doi: 10.1007/s11914-017-0370-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28585220" target="_blank">28585220</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(singleton-merten%20syndrome%201)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33176451">Hereditary Disorders of Cardiovascular Calcification.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rutsch F,
Buers I,
Nitschke Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol</span>
2021 Jan;41(1):35-47.
Epub 2020 Nov 12
doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315577.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33176451" target="_blank">33176451</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31377974">Toward a better understanding of type I interferonopathies: a brief summary, update and beyond.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yu ZX,
Song HM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
2020 Feb;16(1):44-51.
Epub 2019 Aug 3
doi: 10.1007/s12519-019-00273-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31377974" target="_blank">31377974</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30806709">JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fragoulis GE,
McInnes IB,
Siebert S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2019 Feb 1;58(Suppl 1):i43-i54.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key276.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30806709" target="_blank">30806709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6390879" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28585220">Inherited Arterial Calcification Syndromes: Etiologies and Treatment Concepts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nitschke Y,
Rutsch F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Osteoporos Rep</span>
2017 Aug;15(4):255-270.
doi: 10.1007/s11914-017-0370-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28585220" target="_blank">28585220</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27260006">Type I interferonopathies in pediatric rheumatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Volpi S,
Picco P,
Caorsi R,
Candotti F,
Gattorno M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rheumatol Online J</span>
2016 Jun 4;14(1):35.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-016-0094-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27260006" target="_blank">27260006</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893274" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Singleton-Merten%20syndrome%201%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35410415">Precision treatment of Singleton Merten syndrome with ruxolitinib: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broser P,
von Mengershausen U,
Heldt K,
Bartholdi D,
Braun D,
Wolf C,
Lee-Kirsch MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rheumatol Online J</span>
2022 Apr 11;20(1):24.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-022-00686-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35410415" target="_blank">35410415</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8995680" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33176451">Hereditary Disorders of Cardiovascular Calcification.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rutsch F,
Buers I,
Nitschke Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol</span>
2021 Jan;41(1):35-47.
Epub 2020 Nov 12
doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315577.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33176451" target="_blank">33176451</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31898846">Genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with IFIH1 gain-of-function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rice GI,
Park S,
Gavazzi F,
Adang LA,
Ayuk LA,
Van Eyck L,
Seabra L,
Barrea C,
Battini R,
Belot A,
Berg S,
Billette de Villemeur T,
Bley AE,
Blumkin L,
Boespflug-Tanguy O,
Briggs TA,
Brimble E,
Dale RC,
Darin N,
Debray FG,
De Giorgis V,
Denecke J,
Doummar D,
Drake Af Hagelsrum G,
Eleftheriou D,
Estienne M,
Fazzi E,
Feillet F,
Galli J,
Hartog N,
Harvengt J,
Heron B,
Heron D,
Kelly DA,
Lev D,
Levrat V,
Livingston JH,
Marti I,
Mignot C,
Mochel F,
Nougues MC,
Oppermann I,
Pérez-Dueñas B,
Popp B,
Rodero MP,
Rodriguez D,
Saletti V,
Sharpe C,
Tonduti D,
Vadlamani G,
Van Haren K,
Tomas Vila M,
Vogt J,
Wassmer E,
Wiedemann A,
Wilson CJ,
Zerem A,
Zweier C,
Zuberi SM,
Orcesi S,
Vanderver AL,
Hur S,
Crow YJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2020 Apr;41(4):837-849.
Epub 2020 Jan 14
doi: 10.1002/humu.23975.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31898846" target="_blank">31898846</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7457149" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31377974">Toward a better understanding of type I interferonopathies: a brief summary, update and beyond.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yu ZX,
Song HM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
2020 Feb;16(1):44-51.
Epub 2019 Aug 3
doi: 10.1007/s12519-019-00273-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31377974" target="_blank">31377974</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27260006">Type I interferonopathies in pediatric rheumatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Volpi S,
Picco P,
Caorsi R,
Candotti F,
Gattorno M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rheumatol Online J</span>
2016 Jun 4;14(1):35.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-016-0094-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27260006" target="_blank">27260006</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893274" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Singleton-Merten%20syndrome%201%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31377974">Toward a better understanding of type I interferonopathies: a brief summary, update and beyond.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yu ZX,
Song HM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
2020 Feb;16(1):44-51.
Epub 2019 Aug 3
doi: 10.1007/s12519-019-00273-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31377974" target="_blank">31377974</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30806709">JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fragoulis GE,
McInnes IB,
Siebert S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2019 Feb 1;58(Suppl 1):i43-i54.
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key276.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30806709" target="_blank">30806709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6390879" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Singleton-Merten%20syndrome%201%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35410415">Precision treatment of Singleton Merten syndrome with ruxolitinib: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broser P,
von Mengershausen U,
Heldt K,
Bartholdi D,
Braun D,
Wolf C,
Lee-Kirsch MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rheumatol Online J</span>
2022 Apr 11;20(1):24.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-022-00686-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35410415" target="_blank">35410415</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8995680" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31898846">Genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with IFIH1 gain-of-function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rice GI,
Park S,
Gavazzi F,
Adang LA,
Ayuk LA,
Van Eyck L,
Seabra L,
Barrea C,
Battini R,
Belot A,
Berg S,
Billette de Villemeur T,
Bley AE,
Blumkin L,
Boespflug-Tanguy O,
Briggs TA,
Brimble E,
Dale RC,
Darin N,
Debray FG,
De Giorgis V,
Denecke J,
Doummar D,
Drake Af Hagelsrum G,
Eleftheriou D,
Estienne M,
Fazzi E,
Feillet F,
Galli J,
Hartog N,
Harvengt J,
Heron B,
Heron D,
Kelly DA,
Lev D,
Levrat V,
Livingston JH,
Marti I,
Mignot C,
Mochel F,
Nougues MC,
Oppermann I,
Pérez-Dueñas B,
Popp B,
Rodero MP,
Rodriguez D,
Saletti V,
Sharpe C,
Tonduti D,
Vadlamani G,
Van Haren K,
Tomas Vila M,
Vogt J,
Wassmer E,
Wiedemann A,
Wilson CJ,
Zerem A,
Zweier C,
Zuberi SM,
Orcesi S,
Vanderver AL,
Hur S,
Crow YJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2020 Apr;41(4):837-849.
Epub 2020 Jan 14
doi: 10.1002/humu.23975.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31898846" target="_blank">31898846</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7457149" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30574673">DDX58 and Classic Singleton-Merten Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferreira CR,
Crow YJ,
Gahl WA,
Gardner PJ,
Goldbach-Mansky R,
Hur S,
de Jesús AA,
Nehrebecky M,
Park JW,
Briggs TA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Immunol</span>
2019 Jan;39(1):75-80.
Epub 2018 Dec 20
doi: 10.1007/s10875-018-0572-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30574673" target="_blank">30574673</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6394545" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Singleton-Merten%20syndrome%201%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36426976">Double-Stranded RNA Induces Mortality in an MDA5-Mediated Type I Interferonopathy Model.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Emralino FL,
Satoh S,
Sakai N,
Takami M,
Takeuchi F,
Yan N,
Rutsch F,
Fujita T,
Kato H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Immunol</span>
2022 Dec 1;209(11):2093-2103.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200367.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36426976" target="_blank">36426976</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31898846">Genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with IFIH1 gain-of-function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rice GI,
Park S,
Gavazzi F,
Adang LA,
Ayuk LA,
Van Eyck L,
Seabra L,
Barrea C,
Battini R,
Belot A,
Berg S,
Billette de Villemeur T,
Bley AE,
Blumkin L,
Boespflug-Tanguy O,
Briggs TA,
Brimble E,
Dale RC,
Darin N,
Debray FG,
De Giorgis V,
Denecke J,
Doummar D,
Drake Af Hagelsrum G,
Eleftheriou D,
Estienne M,
Fazzi E,
Feillet F,
Galli J,
Hartog N,
Harvengt J,
Heron B,
Heron D,
Kelly DA,
Lev D,
Levrat V,
Livingston JH,
Marti I,
Mignot C,
Mochel F,
Nougues MC,
Oppermann I,
Pérez-Dueñas B,
Popp B,
Rodero MP,
Rodriguez D,
Saletti V,
Sharpe C,
Tonduti D,
Vadlamani G,
Van Haren K,
Tomas Vila M,
Vogt J,
Wassmer E,
Wiedemann A,
Wilson CJ,
Zerem A,
Zweier C,
Zuberi SM,
Orcesi S,
Vanderver AL,
Hur S,
Crow YJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2020 Apr;41(4):837-849.
Epub 2020 Jan 14
doi: 10.1002/humu.23975.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31898846" target="_blank">31898846</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7457149" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27260006">Type I interferonopathies in pediatric rheumatology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Volpi S,
Picco P,
Caorsi R,
Candotti F,
Gattorno M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rheumatol Online J</span>
2016 Jun 4;14(1):35.
doi: 10.1186/s12969-016-0094-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27260006" target="_blank">27260006</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893274" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Singleton-Merten%20syndrome%201%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225427%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (13)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225427%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (14)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4225427%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (3)</a></li>
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