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<meta name="keywords" content="C3151087, aneurysm - osteoarthritis syndrome, aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome, aneurysms-osteoarthritis syndrome, disease or syndrome, lds1c, formerly, lds3, loeys-dietz syndrome 3, loeys-dietz syndrome type 3, loeys-dietz syndrome with osteoarthritis, loeys-dietz syndrome, type 1c, loeys-dietz syndrome, type 1c (formerly), loeys-dietz syndrome, type 1c, formerly, loeys-dietz syndrome, type 3, smad3, smad3-related loeys-dietz syndrome, smad3-related thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome (Concept Id: C3151087)
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<!--
UID=462437
ConceptID=C3151087
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome<span class="h1sub">(LDS3; LDS1C, FORMERLY)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462437</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C3151087</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>ANEURYSMS-OSTEOARTHRITIS SYNDROME; Loeys-Dietz syndrome 3; LOEYS-DIETZ SYNDROME WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS; Loeys-Dietz syndrome, type 1C; SMAD3-Related Loeys-Dietz Syndrome; SMAD3-Related Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissections</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="SMAD3 - ID: 4088 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/4088" class="medgenPMinfo">SMAD3</a> (15q22.33)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013426" target="_blank">MONDO:0013426</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/613795" target="_blank">613795</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=284984">ORPHA284984</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1133" target="_blank">Loeys-Dietz Syndrome</a></div><div>Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Summary" target="NBK1133">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Diagnosis" target="NBK1133">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1133">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1133">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Management" target="NBK1133">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1133">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Resources" target="NBK1133">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1133">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1133">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1133#loeys-dietz.References" target="NBK1133">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Bart L Loeys  |  Harry C Dietz   <a href="/books/NBK1133" target="NBK1133" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Loeys-Dietz Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Loeys-Dietz syndrome-3 (LDS3) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by arterial aneurysms and tortuosity, mild craniofacial features, and osteoarthritis at a young age. Aneurysms occur throughout the arterial tree, with a high risk of early dissection or rupture. Other cardiovascular anomalies include ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and congenital heart malformations. Most patients have osteoarthritis by the fourth decade of life, usually affecting the spine, hands and/or wrists, and knees. Intervertebral disc degeneration involving the cervical and lumbar discs is present in most patients. Craniofacial abnormalities include high forehead, hypertelorism, long face, flat supraorbital ridges, malar hypoplasia, and uvular abnormalities (summary by van de Laar et al., 2012).&#13;
For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, see LDS1A (609192).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/613795">http://www.omim.org/entry/613795</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a disorder that affects the connective tissue in many parts of the body. Connective tissue provides strength and flexibility to structures such as bones, ligaments, muscles, and blood vessels.<br /><br />Individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome frequently develop immune system-related problems such as food allergies, asthma, or inflammatory disorders such as eczema or inflammatory bowel disease.<br /><br />There are five types of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, labelled types I through V, which are distinguished by their genetic cause. Regardless of the type, signs and symptoms of Loeys-Dietz syndrome can become apparent anytime from childhood through adulthood, and the severity is variable.<br /><br />Loeys-Dietz syndrome is characterized by enlargement of the aorta, which is the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The aorta can weaken and stretch, causing a bulge in the blood vessel wall (an aneurysm). Stretching of the aorta may also lead to a sudden tearing of the layers in the aorta wall (aortic dissection). People with Loeys-Dietz syndrome can also have aneurysms or dissections in arteries throughout the body and have arteries with abnormal twists and turns (arterial tortuosity).<br /><br />Individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome often have skeletal problems including premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), either a sunken chest (pectus excavatum) or a protruding chest (pectus carinatum), an inward- and upward-turning foot (clubfoot), flat feet (pes planus), or elongated limbs with joint deformities called contractures that restrict the movement of certain joints. A membrane called the dura, which surrounds the brain and spinal cord, can be abnormally enlarged (dural ectasia). In individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome, dural ectasia typically does not cause health problems. Malformation or instability of the spinal bones (vertebrae) in the neck is a common feature of Loeys-Dietz syndrome and can lead to injuries to the spinal cord. Some affected individuals have joint inflammation (osteoarthritis) that commonly affects the knees and the joints of the hands, wrists, and spine.<br /><br />People with Loeys-Dietz syndrome may bruise easily and develop abnormal scars after wound healing. The skin is frequently described as translucent, often with stretch marks (striae) and visible underlying veins. Some individuals with Loeys-Dietz syndrome develop an abnormal accumulation of air in the chest cavity that can result in the collapse of a lung (spontaneous pneumothorax) or a protrusion of organs through gaps in muscles (hernias). Other characteristic features include widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), eyes that do not point in the same direction (strabismus), a split in the soft flap of tissue that hangs from the back of the mouth (bifid uvula), and an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate).  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/loeys-dietz-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/loeys-dietz-syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8257"><div><strong>Sudden death</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8257</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011071</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rapid and unexpected death.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8257">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sudden%20death%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208257%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_760077"><div><strong>Chronic fatigue</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>760077</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0518656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation that persists for six months or longer.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/760077">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chronic%20fatigue%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20760077%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2047"><div><strong>Arachnodactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003706</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally long and slender fingers (spider fingers).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2047">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Arachnodactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202047%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3130"><div><strong>Clubfoot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3130</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3130">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clubfoot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203130%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42034"><div><strong>Pes planus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pes%20planus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98369"><div><strong>Protrusio acetabuli</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98369</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0409495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intrapelvic bulging of the medial acetabular wall.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98369">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Protrusio%20acetabuli%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098369%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98371"><div><strong>Osteoarthritis, knee</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98371</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0409959</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98371">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteoarthritis%2C%20knee%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098371%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_362"><div><strong>Aortic aneurysm</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>362</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003486</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aortic dilatation refers to a dimension that is greater than the 95th percentile for the normal person age, sex and body size. In contrast, an aneurysm is defined as a localized dilation of the aorta that is more than 150 percent of predicted (ratio of observed to expected diameter 1.5 or more). Aneurysm should be distinguished from ectasia, which represents a diffuse dilation of the aorta less than 50 percent of normal aorta diameter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/362">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20aneurysm%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20362%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8153"><div><strong>Aortic regurgitation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8153</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003504</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An insufficiency of the aortic valve, leading to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8153">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20regurgitation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208153%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_445"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>445</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004238</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An atrial arrhythmia characterized by disorganized atrial activity without discrete P waves on the surface EKG, but instead by an undulating baseline or more sharply circumscribed atrial deflections of varying amplitude an frequency ranging from 350 to 600 per minute.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/445">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrial%20fibrillation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20445%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4415"><div><strong>Patent ductus arteriosus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4415</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4415">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Patent%20ductus%20arteriosus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204415%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6753"><div><strong>Atrial septal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6753</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018817</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6753">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrial%20septal%20defect%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206753%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7670"><div><strong>Mitral regurgitation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7670</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026266</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7670">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitral%20regurgitation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207670%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7671"><div><strong>Mitral valve prolapse</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7671</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7671">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitral%20valve%20prolapse%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207671%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21827"><div><strong>Varicose disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21827</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042345</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlarged and tortuous veins.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21827">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Varicose%20disease%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021827%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57436"><div><strong>Bicuspid aortic valve</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57436</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aortic valve disease-2 (AOVD2) is characterized by bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and dilation of the ascending aorta. Calcification of the valve and the aorta has been observed, and some patients exhibit coarctation of the aorta (Tan et al., 2012; Luyckx et al., 2019; Park et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aortic valve disease, see AOVD1 (109730).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57436">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bicuspid%20aortic%20valve%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057436%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57442"><div><strong>Left ventricular hypertrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57442</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149721</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlargement or increased size of the heart left ventricle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57442">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Left%20ventricular%20hypertrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057442%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56524"><div><strong>Abdominal aortic aneurysm</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56524</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162871</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal localized widening (dilatation) of the abdominal aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56524">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abdominal%20aortic%20aneurysm%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056524%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56525"><div><strong>Thoracic aortic aneurysm</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56525</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162872</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal localized widening (dilatation) of the thoracic aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56525">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thoracic%20aortic%20aneurysm%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056525%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87400"><div><strong>Ventricular hypertrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87400</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0340279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87400">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventricular%20hypertrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087400%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83315"><div><strong>Aortic dissection</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0340643</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aortic dissection refers to a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta causing a separation between the intima and the medial layers of the aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83315">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20dissection%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083315%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_322966"><div><strong>Ascending aortic dissection</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322966</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836653</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A separation of the layers within the wall of the ascending aorta. Tears in the intimal layer result in the propagation of dissection (proximally or distally) secondary to blood entering the intima-media space.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322966">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ascending%20aortic%20dissection%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20322966%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373178"><div><strong>Tortuous cerebral arteries</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373178</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836791</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Excessive bending, twisting, and winding of a cerebral artery.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373178">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tortuous%20cerebral%20arteries%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373178%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_408291"><div><strong>Pulmonic stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>408291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1956257</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/408291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonic%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20408291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480821"><div><strong>Arterial tortuosity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480821</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279191</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of arteries.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480821">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Arterial%20tortuosity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480821%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868484"><div><strong>Descending aortic dissection</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868484</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022878</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A separation of the layers within the wall of the descending aorta. Tears in the intimal layer result in the propagation of dissection (proximally or distally) secondary to blood entering the intima-media space.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868484">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Descending%20aortic%20dissection%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868484%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870555"><div><strong>Aortic tortuosity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870555</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025003</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of the aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870555">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20tortuosity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870555%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1386760"><div><strong>Dilatation of the cerebral artery</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1386760</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476540</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a localized dilatation or ballooning of a cerebral artery.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1386760">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilatation%20of%20the%20cerebral%20artery%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201386760%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1392959"><div><strong>Dilatation of the sinus of Valsalva</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1392959</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation of one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1392959">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilatation%20of%20the%20sinus%20of%20Valsalva%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201392959%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_323048"><div><strong>Disproportionate tall stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>323048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836996</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A tall and slim body build with increased arm span to height ratio (&gt;1.05) and a reduced upper-to-lower segment ratio (&lt;0.85), i.e., unusually long arms and legs. The extremities as well as the hands and feet are unusually slim.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/323048">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Disproportionate%20tall%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20323048%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1637185"><div><strong>Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1637185</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4703646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infiltration of numerous eosinophils (usually greater than 15 per high power field) into the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and layering of eosinophils on the surface layer of the esophagus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1637185">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Eosinophilic%20infiltration%20of%20the%20esophagus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201637185%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11625"><div><strong>Subarachnoid hemorrhage</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11625</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hemorrhage occurring between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11625">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Subarachnoid%20hemorrhage%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011625%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57451"><div><strong>Migraine</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57451</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149931</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodic attacks of headache and associated symptoms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57451">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Migraine%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057451%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_377094"><div><strong>Dural ectasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>377094</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1851712</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord usually at the lumbosacral level.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/377094">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dural%20ectasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20377094%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1163"><div><strong>Craniosynostosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1163</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010278</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1163">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Craniosynostosis%20syndrome%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201163%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6817"><div><strong>Inguinal hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6817</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6817">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inguinal%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206817%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9232"><div><strong>Umbilical hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019322</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9232">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Umbilical%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209232%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45244"><div><strong>Osteoarthritis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45244</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029408</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints characterized by degradation of the hyaline articular cartilage and remodeling of the subchondral bone with sclerosis (Meulenbelt et al., 2006). Clinical problems include pain and joint stiffness often leading to significant disability and joint replacement. Osteoarthritis exhibits a clear predilection for specific joints; it appears most commonly in the hip and knee joints and lumbar and cervical spine, as well as in the distal interphalangeal and the first carpometacarpal (base of thumb) and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand; however, patients with osteoarthritis may have 1, a few, or all of these sites affected (Stefansson et al., 2003). According to a conservative estimate, greater than 70% of the population of the United States at age 65 years is affected by the disease, reflecting its age dependence.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Osteoarthritis&#13; Susceptibility to osteoarthritis has been associated with variation in other genes: OS2 (140600) with variation in the MATN3 gene (602109) on chromosome 2p24; OS3 (607850) with variation in the ASPN gene (608135) on chromosome 9q22; and OS5 (612400) with variation in the GDF5 gene (601146) on chromosome 20q11.&#13; Other susceptibility loci for osteoarthritis have been mapped to chromosomes 2q33 (OS4; 610839) and 3p24 (OS6; 612401).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45244">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteoarthritis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045244%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14530"><div><strong>Osteoarthritis, hip</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14530</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029410</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteoarthritis of the hip joint.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14530">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteoarthritis%2C%20hip%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014530%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10494"><div><strong>Osteochondritis dissecans</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10494</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029421</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A joint disorder caused by blood deprivation in the subchondral bone causing the subchondral bone to die in a process called avascular necrosis. The bone is then reabsorbed by the body, leaving the articular cartilage it supported prone to damage. The result is fragmentation (dissection) of both cartilage and bone, and the free movement of these osteochondral fragments within the joint space, causing pain and further damage.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10494">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteochondritis%20dissecans%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010494%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18222"><div><strong>Osteopenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18222</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029453</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18222">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteopenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018222%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14535"><div><strong>Osteoporosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029456</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14535">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Osteoporosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014535%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19766"><div><strong>Retrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19766</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19766">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Retrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019766%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52470"><div><strong>Spondylolisthesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52470</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondylolisthesis is defined as forward slipping of a vertebral body on the one below it. Spondylolysis is defined as a defect in the pars interarticularis without vertebral slipping (summary by Wiltse et al., 1975).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52470">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spondylolisthesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052470%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22591"><div><strong>Uterine prolapse</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22591</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042140</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of prolapse of the uterus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22591">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Uterine%20prolapse%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022591%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_102357"><div><strong>Intervertebral disk degeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>102357</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158266</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of degenerative changes of intervertebral disk.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/102357">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intervertebral%20disk%20degeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20102357%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57643"><div><strong>Pectus carinatum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57643</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158731</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A deformity of the chest caused by overgrowth of the ribs and characterized by protrusion of the sternum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57643">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pectus%20carinatum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057643%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65142"><div><strong>Dolichocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65142</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221358</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65142">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dolichocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065142%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96083"><div><strong>Cervical spine instability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410652</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal lack of stability of the cervical spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96083">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cervical%20spine%20instability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096083%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195780"><div><strong>Camptodactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195780</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0685409</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers or toes cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195780">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Camptodactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195780%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_730551"><div><strong>Cystocele</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>730551</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1394494</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anterior vaginal wall prolapse with bulging of the bladder into the vagina.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/730551">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cystocele%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20730551%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336793"><div><strong>Joint hypermobility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336793</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844820</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336793">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Joint%20hypermobility%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336793%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347616"><div><strong>Malar flattening</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858085</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Malar%20flattening%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_349830"><div><strong>Abnormal sternum morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349830</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1860493</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An anomaly of the sternum, also known as the breastbone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349830">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20sternum%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20349830%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19365"><div><strong>Pneumothorax</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19365</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032326</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity leading to a partially or completely collapsed lung.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19365">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pneumothorax%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019365%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57701"><div><strong>Spontaneous pneumothorax</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57701</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149781</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pneumothorax occurring without traumatic injury to the chest or lung.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57701">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spontaneous%20pneumothorax%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057701%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9869"><div><strong>Dental malocclusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9869</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9869">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dental%20malocclusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209869%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66814"><div><strong>High palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324419"><div><strong>Long face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324419</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836047</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324419">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324419%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1646931"><div><strong>Bifid uvula</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646931</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551488</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Uvula separated into two parts most easily seen at the tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646931">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bifid%20uvula%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201646931%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57541"><div><strong>Striae distensae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152459</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Striae%20distensae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057541%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57875"><div><strong>Atrophic scars</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57875</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162154</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Scars that form a depression compared to the level of the surrounding skin because of damage to the collagen, fat or other tissues below the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57875">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrophic%20scars%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057875%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140849"><div><strong>Bruising susceptibility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An ecchymosis (bruise) refers to the skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising. The corresponding phenotypic abnormality is generally elicited on medical history as a report of frequent ecchymoses or bruising without adequate trauma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bruising%20susceptibility%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373141"><div><strong>Dermal translucency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373141</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased ability of the skin to permit light to pass through (translucency) such that subcutaneous structures such as veins display an increased degree of visibility.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373141">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dermal%20translucency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373141%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336730"><div><strong>Soft skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336730</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844592</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Subjective impression of increased softness upon palpation of the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336730">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Soft%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336730%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41704"><div><strong>Ectopia lentis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013581</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dislocation or malposition of the crystalline lens of the eye. A partial displacement (or dislocation) of the lens is described as a subluxation of the lens, while a complete displacement is termed luxation of the lens. A complete displacement occurs if the lens is completely outside the patellar fossa of the lens, either in the anterior chamber, in the vitreous, or directly on the retina. If the lens is partially displaced but still contained within the lens space, then it is termed subluxation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41704">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ectopia%20lentis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041704%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41917"><div><strong>Proptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41917">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Proptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041917%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4613"><div><strong>Exotropia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0015310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Exotropia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39462"><div><strong>Cataract</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39462</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0086543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39462">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cataract%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039462%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154236"><div><strong>Blue sclerae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0542514</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal bluish coloration of the sclera.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154236">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Blue%20sclerae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154236%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1646931" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bifid uvula</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9869" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dental malocclusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324419" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long face</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arachnodactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3130" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clubfoot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98371" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteoarthritis, knee</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pes planus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98369" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Protrusio acetabuli</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56524" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abdominal aortic aneurysm</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_362" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic aneurysm</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic dissection</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8153" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic regurgitation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870555" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic tortuosity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480821" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arterial tortuosity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_322966" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ascending aortic dissection</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_445" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6753" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial septal defect</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57436" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bicuspid aortic valve</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868484" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Descending aortic dissection</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1386760" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilatation of the cerebral artery</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1392959" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilatation of the sinus of Valsalva</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57442" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Left ventricular hypertrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7670" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitral regurgitation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7671" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitral valve prolapse</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4415" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Patent ductus arteriosus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_408291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonic stenosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56525" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thoracic aortic aneurysm</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373178" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tortuous cerebral arteries</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21827" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Varicose disease</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87400" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventricular hypertrophy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1637185" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154236" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blue sclerae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39462" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cataract</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41704" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ectopia lentis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exotropia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proptosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57875" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrophic scars</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bruising susceptibility</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373141" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dermal translucency</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336730" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Soft skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57541" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Striae distensae</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_349830" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal sternum morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195780" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Camptodactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cervical spine instability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1163" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Craniosynostosis syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_730551" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cystocele</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65142" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dolichocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6817" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inguinal hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_102357" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intervertebral disk degeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336793" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joint hypermobility</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malar flattening</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45244" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteoarthritis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14530" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteoarthritis, hip</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10494" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteochondritis dissecans</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18222" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteopenia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteoporosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57643" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pectus carinatum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19766" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52470" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylolisthesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Umbilical hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22591" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Uterine prolapse</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_377094" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dural ectasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57451" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Migraine</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11625" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Subarachnoid hemorrhage</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19365" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pneumothorax</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57701" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spontaneous pneumothorax</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_760077" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic fatigue</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8257" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sudden death</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_323048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Disproportionate tall stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2697932[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=395827">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1133/" ref="ncbi_uid=395827">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=395827" ref="ncbi_uid=395827">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395827" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=395827&amp;link_uid=395827" title="View MedGen record for 'Loeys-Dietz syndrome'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3151087[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462437">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462437" target="_blank" href="/omim/603109">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1133/" ref="ncbi_uid=462437">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="ncbi_uid=462437">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551955[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1646567">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1646567" target="_blank" href="/omim/190181">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1133/" ref="ncbi_uid=1646567">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1646567" ref="ncbi_uid=1646567">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1646567" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1646567&amp;link_uid=1646567" title="View MedGen record for 'Loeys-Dietz syndrome 1'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2674574[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=382398">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=382398" target="_blank" href="/omim/190182">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1133/" ref="ncbi_uid=382398">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=382398" ref="ncbi_uid=382398">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/382398" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=382398&amp;link_uid=382398" title="View MedGen record for 'Loeys-Dietz syndrome 2'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3553762[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=766676">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=766676" target="_blank" href="/omim/190220">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1133/" ref="ncbi_uid=766676">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=766676" ref="ncbi_uid=766676">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/766676" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=766676&amp;link_uid=766676" title="View MedGen record for 'Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4'">Loeys-Dietz syndrome 4</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/233232" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Cardiovascular Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Cardiovascular Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/233247" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Vascular Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Vascular Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/208875" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arterial disorder">Arterial disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1618" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aortic disorder">Aortic disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/362" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aortic aneurysm">Aortic aneurysm</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395827" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Loeys-Dietz syndrome">Loeys-Dietz syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=20631&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27986426">Repeated Loss of Consciousness in a Young Woman: A Suspicious SMAD3 Mutation Underlying Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garcia-Bermúdez M,
Moustafa AH,
Barrós-Membrilla A,
Tizón-Marcos H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Cardiol</span>
2017 Feb;33(2):292.e1-292.e3.
Epub 2016 Sep 24
doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27986426" target="_blank">27986426</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24867163">Cardiovascular manifestations in Marfan syndrome and related diseases; multiple genes causing similar phenotypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cook JR,
Carta L,
Galatioto J,
Ramirez F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2015;87(1):11-20.
Epub 2014 Jul 10
doi: 10.1111/cge.12436.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24867163" target="_blank">24867163</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22975338">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome with visceral and iliac artery aneurysms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Linde D,
Verhagen HJ,
Moelker A,
van de Laar IM,
Van Herzeele I,
De Backer J,
Dietz HC,
Roos-Hesselink JW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vasc Surg</span>
2013 Jan;57(1):96-102.
Epub 2012 Sep 11
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.06.107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22975338" target="_blank">22975338</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4044827" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34807423">Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Velchev JD,
Van Laer L,
Luyckx I,
Dietz H,
Loeys B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
2021;1348:251-264.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_11.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34807423" target="_blank">34807423</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34807419">Connective Tissue Disorders and Cardiovascular Complications: The Indomitable Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wheeler JB,
Ikonomidis JS,
Jones JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
2021;1348:161-184.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34807419" target="_blank">34807419</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8905527" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29444731">Isolated aortic dilation without osteoarthritis: a case of SMAD3 mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arroyave J,
Carretero JM,
Gruosso D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiol Young</span>
2018 May;28(5):765-767.
Epub 2018 Feb 15
doi: 10.1017/S1047951118000082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29444731" target="_blank">29444731</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27986426">Repeated Loss of Consciousness in a Young Woman: A Suspicious SMAD3 Mutation Underlying Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garcia-Bermúdez M,
Moustafa AH,
Barrós-Membrilla A,
Tizón-Marcos H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Cardiol</span>
2017 Feb;33(2):292.e1-292.e3.
Epub 2016 Sep 24
doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27986426" target="_blank">27986426</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22975338">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome with visceral and iliac artery aneurysms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Linde D,
Verhagen HJ,
Moelker A,
van de Laar IM,
Van Herzeele I,
De Backer J,
Dietz HC,
Roos-Hesselink JW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vasc Surg</span>
2013 Jan;57(1):96-102.
Epub 2012 Sep 11
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.06.107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22975338" target="_blank">22975338</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4044827" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22975338">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome with visceral and iliac artery aneurysms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Linde D,
Verhagen HJ,
Moelker A,
van de Laar IM,
Van Herzeele I,
De Backer J,
Dietz HC,
Roos-Hesselink JW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vasc Surg</span>
2013 Jan;57(1):96-102.
Epub 2012 Sep 11
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.06.107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22975338" target="_blank">22975338</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4044827" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24852296">SMAD3 is associated with the total burden of radiographic osteoarthritis: the Chingford study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aref-Eshghi E,
Zhang Y,
Hart D,
Valdes AM,
Furey A,
Martin G,
Sun G,
Rahman P,
Arden N,
Spector TD,
Zhai G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2014;9(5):e97786.
Epub 2014 May 22
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097786.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24852296" target="_blank">24852296</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4031234" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23585475">GM-CSF contributes to aortic aneurysms resulting from SMAD3 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ye P,
Chen W,
Wu J,
Huang X,
Li J,
Wang S,
Liu Z,
Wang G,
Yang X,
Zhang P,
Lv Q,
Xia J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Invest</span>
2013 May;123(5):2317-31.
Epub 2013 Apr 15
doi: 10.1172/JCI67356.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23585475" target="_blank">23585475</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3635740" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
<div class=" bottom">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (49)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (11)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (76)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (24)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (88)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=613795" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=284984" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=603109" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=4088[geneid]" target="_blank">View SMAD3 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/229577384" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=613795" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Loeys-Dietz+syndrome%2C+type+1C/8764" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/loeys_dietz_syndrome_3" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/loeys-dietz-syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10997/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet brieflink">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Reviews</h3>
</div>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
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<ul>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed/20301312" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed?term=Aneurysm-osteoarthritis%20syndrome%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=3&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
<div class="portlet brieflink">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Related information</h3>
</div>
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter"></a>
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<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
<ul>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C3151087[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim_gene&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM(Genes)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&amp;from_uid=462437" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
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