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<meta name="keywords" content="C2960310, acdmpv, alveolar capillary dysplasia, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and other congenital anomalies, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary vessels, alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment, congenital abnormality, congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia, congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, familial persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, fetal circulation, foetal circulation, foxf1, persistent fetal circulation, persistent foetal circulation, persistent foetal circulation syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, pulmonary hypertension, familial persistent of the newborn, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is characterized histologically by failure of formation and ingrowth of alveolar capillaries that then do not make contact with alveolar epithelium, medial muscular thickening of small pulmonary arterioles with muscularization of the intraacinar arterioles, thickened alveolar walls, and anomalously situated pulmonary veins running alongside pulmonary arterioles and sharing the same adventitial sheath. Less common features include a reduced number of alveoli and a patchy distribution of the histopathologic changes. The disorder is associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and shows varying degrees of lability and severity (Boggs et al., 1994). Affected infants present with respiratory distress resulting from pulmonary hypertension in the early postnatal period, and the disease is uniformly fatal within the newborn period (Vassal et al., 1998). Additional features of ACDMPV include multiple congenital anomalies affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as disruption of the normal right-left asymmetry of intrathoracic or intraabdominal organs (Sen et al., 2004)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment (Concept Id: C2960310)
- MedGen - NCBI</title>
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<!--
UID=755478
ConceptID=C2960310
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>755478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C2960310</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins; ALVEOLAR CAPILLARY DYSPLASIA WITH MISALIGNMENT OF PULMONARY VEINS AND OTHER CONGENITAL ANOMALIES; Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment (447275002)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="FOXF1 - ID: 2294 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2294" class="medgenPMinfo">FOXF1</a> (16q24.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0009934" target="_blank">MONDO:0009934</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/265380" target="_blank">265380</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=210122">ORPHA210122</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is characterized histologically by failure of formation and ingrowth of alveolar capillaries that then do not make contact with alveolar epithelium, medial muscular thickening of small pulmonary arterioles with muscularization of the intraacinar arterioles, thickened alveolar walls, and anomalously situated pulmonary veins running alongside pulmonary arterioles and sharing the same adventitial sheath. Less common features include a reduced number of alveoli and a patchy distribution of the histopathologic changes. The disorder is associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and shows varying degrees of lability and severity (Boggs et al., 1994). Affected infants present with respiratory distress resulting from pulmonary hypertension in the early postnatal period, and the disease is uniformly fatal within the newborn period (Vassal et al., 1998). Additional features of ACDMPV include multiple congenital anomalies affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as disruption of the normal right-left asymmetry of intrathoracic or intraabdominal organs (Sen et al., 2004). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42531"><div><strong>Hydronephrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42531</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42531">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hydronephrosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042531%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78599"><div><strong>Bicornuate uterus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78599</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a bicornuate uterus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78599">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bicornuate%20uterus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078599%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_574571"><div><strong>Dilatation of the renal pelvis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>574571</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0341676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of dilatation of the renal pelvis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/574571">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilatation%20of%20the%20renal%20pelvis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20574571%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_101073"><div><strong>Hydroureter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>101073</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0521620</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The distention of the ureter with urine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/101073">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hydroureter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20101073%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_488918"><div><strong>Dilatation of the bladder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>488918</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0549253</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a dilated urinary bladder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/488918">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilatation%20of%20the%20bladder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20488918%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_163083"><div><strong>Hypospadias</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0848558</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163083">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypospadias%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20163083%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1617"><div><strong>Coarctation of aorta</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003492</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of a segment of the aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coarctation%20of%20aorta%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201617%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4415"><div><strong>Patent ductus arteriosus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4415</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4415">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Patent%20ductus%20arteriosus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204415%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8891"><div><strong>Patent foramen ovale</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8891</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016522</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Failure of the foramen ovale to seal postnatally, leaving a potential conduit between the left and right cardiac atria.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8891">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Patent%20foramen%20ovale%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208891%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6753"><div><strong>Atrial septal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6753</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018817</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6753">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrial%20septal%20defect%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206753%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42366"><div><strong>Ventricular septal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42366</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42366">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventricular%20septal%20defect%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042366%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11031"><div><strong>Pulmonary valve insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0034088</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The retrograde (backwards) flow of blood through the pulmonary valve into the right ventricle during diastole.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11031">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20valve%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011031%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21498"><div><strong>Tetralogy of Fallot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0039685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Each of the heart defects associated with CCHD affects the flow of blood into, out of, or through the heart. Some of the heart defects involve structures within the heart itself, such as the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) or the valves that control blood flow through the heart. Others affect the structure of the large blood vessels leading into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination of these structural abnormalities.\n\nSome people with treated CCHD have few related health problems later in life. However, long-term effects of CCHD can include delayed development and reduced stamina during exercise. Adults with these heart defects have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and premature death.\n\nPeople with CCHD have one or more specific heart defects. The heart defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta, double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with intact septum, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.\n\nAlthough babies with CCHD may appear healthy for the first few hours or days of life, signs and symptoms soon become apparent. These can include an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur), rapid breathing (tachypnea), low blood pressure (hypotension), low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), and a blue or purple tint to the skin caused by a shortage of oxygen (cyanosis). If untreated, CCHD can lead to shock, coma, and death. However, most people with CCHD now survive past infancy due to improvements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.\n\nCritical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a term that refers to a group of serious heart defects that are present from birth. These abnormalities result from problems with the formation of one or more parts of the heart during the early stages of embryonic development. CCHD prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively or reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. As a result, organs and tissues throughout the body do not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications. Individuals with CCHD usually require surgery soon after birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tetralogy%20of%20Fallot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57436"><div><strong>Bicuspid aortic valve</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57436</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Aortic valve disease-2 (AOVD2) is characterized by bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and dilation of the ascending aorta. Calcification of the valve and the aorta has been observed, and some patients exhibit coarctation of the aorta (Tan et al., 2012; Luyckx et al., 2019; Park et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of aortic valve disease, see AOVD1 (109730).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57436">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bicuspid%20aortic%20valve%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057436%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57746"><div><strong>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57746</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152101</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a term that refers to a group of serious heart defects that are present from birth. These abnormalities result from problems with the formation of one or more parts of the heart during the early stages of embryonic development. CCHD prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively or reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. As a result, organs and tissues throughout the body do not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications. Individuals with CCHD usually require surgery soon after birth.\n\nAlthough babies with CCHD may appear healthy for the first few hours or days of life, signs and symptoms soon become apparent. These can include an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur), rapid breathing (tachypnea), low blood pressure (hypotension), low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), and a blue or purple tint to the skin caused by a shortage of oxygen (cyanosis). If untreated, CCHD can lead to shock, coma, and death. However, most people with CCHD now survive past infancy due to improvements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.\n\nPeople with CCHD have one or more specific heart defects. The heart defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta, double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with intact septum, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.\n\nSome people with treated CCHD have few related health problems later in life. However, long-term effects of CCHD can include delayed development and reduced stamina during exercise. Adults with these heart defects have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and premature death.\n\nEach of the heart defects associated with CCHD affects the flow of blood into, out of, or through the heart. Some of the heart defects involve structures within the heart itself, such as the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) or the valves that control blood flow through the heart. Others affect the structure of the large blood vessels leading into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination of these structural abnormalities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57746">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20left%20heart%20syndrome%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057746%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57773"><div><strong>Aortic arch interruption</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57773</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152419</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Non-continuity of the arch of aorta with an atretic point or absent segment.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57773">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aortic%20arch%20interruption%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057773%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_450995"><div><strong>Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>450995</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158634</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of anomalous pulmonary venous return in which not all pulmonary veins drain abnormally. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return frequently involves one or both of the veins from one lung.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/450995">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Partial%20anomalous%20pulmonary%20venous%20return%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20450995%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57981"><div><strong>Right ventricular hypertrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57981</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162770</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57981">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Right%20ventricular%20hypertrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057981%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65965"><div><strong>Pulmonary artery stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0238397</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal narrowing or constriction of the pulmonary artery, in the main pulmonary artery and/or in the left or right pulmonary artery branches.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65965">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20artery%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065965%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116684"><div><strong>Pulmonary valve atresia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116684</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0242855</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital disorder of the pulmonary valve in which the orifice of the valve fails to develop.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116684">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20valve%20atresia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116684%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_507001"><div><strong>Hypoplastic aortic arch</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>507001</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265881</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/507001">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20aortic%20arch%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20507001%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75586"><div><strong>Persistent left superior vena cava</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265931</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare congenital vascular anomaly that results when the left superior cardinal vein caudal to the innominate vein fails to regress.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Persistent%20left%20superior%20vena%20cava%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140900"><div><strong>Pulmonary artery dilatation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140900</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0428851</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal widening of the diameter of the pulmonary artery.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140900">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20artery%20dilatation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140900%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98446"><div><strong>Right-to-left shunt</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98446</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0428871</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pattern of blood flow in the heart that deviates from the normal circuit of the circulatory system from the right side of the heart to the left.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98446">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Right-to-left%20shunt%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098446%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_488916"><div><strong>Parachute mitral valve</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>488916</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0546965</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus, whereby chordae attach to a single papillary muscle or hypoplastic papillary muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/488916">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Parachute%20mitral%20valve%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20488916%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235591"><div><strong>Atrioventricular canal defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235591</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1389016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A defect of the atrioventricular septum of the heart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235591">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrioventricular%20canal%20defect%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235591%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_425404"><div><strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>425404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2973725</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/425404">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20arterial%20hypertension%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20425404%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_901243"><div><strong>Dysplastic tricuspid valve</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>901243</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4255215</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve characterized by leaflet deformation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/901243">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysplastic%20tricuspid%20valve%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20901243%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1739709"><div><strong>Misalignment of the pulmonary veins</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1739709</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5421670</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term is commonly used to describe a putative abnormal location of pulmonary vein branches adjacent to pulmonary arteries within the same adventitial sheath. However, evidence has been provided that the vessels in question are not pulmonary veins, however represent dilated bronchial veins.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1739709">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Misalignment%20of%20the%20pulmonary%20veins%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201739709%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1997"><div><strong>Imperforate anus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1997</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1997">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Imperforate%20anus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201997%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4545"><div><strong>Esophageal atresia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4545</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0014850</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect resulting in complete obliteration of the lumen of the esophagus such that the esophagus ends in a blind pouch rather than connecting to the stomach.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4545">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Esophageal%20atresia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204545%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9917"><div><strong>Meckel diverticulum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025037</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital diverticulum located in the distal ileum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9917">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Meckel%20diverticulum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209917%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56211"><div><strong>Annular pancreas</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56211</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0149955</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital anomaly in which the pancreas completely (or sometimes incompletely) encircles the second portion of duodenum and occasionally obstructs the more proximal duodenum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56211">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Annular%20pancreas%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056211%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113153"><div><strong>Intestinal malrotation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113153</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221210</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113153">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intestinal%20malrotation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113153%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75602"><div><strong>Duodenal atresia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75602</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266174</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect resulting in complete obliteration of the duodenal lumen, that is, an abnormal closure of the duodenum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75602">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Duodenal%20atresia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075602%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_927596"><div><strong>Congenital shortened small intestine</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>927596</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4293687</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Substantially shortened length of the small intestine as a result of a developmental defect.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/927596">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20shortened%20small%20intestine%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20927596%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2065"><div><strong>Chiari malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chiari malformation consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of CSF outflow.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2065">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Chiari%20malformation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202065%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21449"><div><strong>Syringomyelia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21449</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0039144</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated, glial-lined cavity in spinal cord. This cavity does not communicate with the central canal, and usually is between the dorsal columns unilaterally or bilaterally along the side of the cord.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21449">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Syringomyelia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021449%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87376"><div><strong>Choroid plexus cyst</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0338597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A cyst occurring within the choroid plexus within a cerebral ventricle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87376">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Choroid%20plexus%20cyst%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087376%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_480553"><div><strong>Ventriculomegaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278923</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480553">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ventriculomegaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20480553%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19766"><div><strong>Retrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19766</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19766">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Retrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019766%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113171"><div><strong>Diastasis recti</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113171</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221766</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A separation of the rectus abdominis muscle into right and left halves (which are normally joined at the midline at the linea alba).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113171">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Diastasis%20recti%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113171%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_162756"><div><strong>Congenital omphalocele</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162756</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0795690</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect limited to an open umbilical ring, and is characterized by the herniation of membrane-covered internal organs into the open base of the umbilical cord. Omphalocele is distinguished from gastroschisis (230750), in which the abdominal wall defect is located laterally to a normally closed umbilical ring with herniation of organs that are uncovered by membranes (summary by Bugge, 2010). On the basis of clinical manifestations, epidemiologic characteristics, and the presence of additional malformations, Yang et al. (1992) concluded that omphalocele and gastroschisis are casually and pathogenetically distinct abdominal wall defects.&#13; Omphalocele can be a feature of genetic disorders, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (130650) and the Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (182210).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162756">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20omphalocele%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20162756%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_330764"><div><strong>Posterior rib fusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>330764</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Complete or partial merging of the posterior part of adjacent ribs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/330764">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posterior%20rib%20fusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20330764%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1744309"><div><strong>Butterfly vertebrae</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1744309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5438458</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A butterfly vertebra (sagittal cleft vertebra or anterior rachischisis) is a sagittal defect in the vertebral body caused by failure of fusion of the two lateral chondrification centers during embryogenesis. The name is based on the appearance of the two hemivertebrae emerging as butterfly wings from the central cleft on x-ray.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1744309">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Butterfly%20vertebrae%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201744309%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10805"><div><strong>Pleural effusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10805</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10805">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pleural%20effusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010805%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21228"><div><strong>Tracheoesophageal fistula</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21228</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0040588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21228">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tracheoesophageal%20fistula%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021228%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195782"><div><strong>Abnormal lung lobation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195782</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0685695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect in the formation of pulmonary lobes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195782">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20lung%20lobation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195782%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_394267"><div><strong>Alveolar capillary dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394267</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect of the alveolar airspace during cananicular lung development characterized by a decreased number of pulmonary capillaries located away from the alveolar epithelium, thickened alveolar septae, media hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries and muscularization of distal arterioles, and in some cases lymphangiectasis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394267">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20394267%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_924182"><div><strong>Neonatal respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>924182</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4281993</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory difficulty as newborn.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/924182">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neonatal%20respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20924182%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340882"><div><strong>Pulmonary lymphangiectasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340882</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855480</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal dilatation of the pulmonary lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic fluid in the lung is derived from normal leakage of fluid out of the blood capillaries in the lung. In pulmonary lymphangiectasia, the pulmonary lymphatics are not properly connected and become dilated with fluid.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340882">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20lymphangiectasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340882%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1830315"><div><strong>Asplenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1830315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5779621</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence (aplasia) of the spleen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1830315">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Asplenia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201830315%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_60195"><div><strong>Cystic hygroma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>60195</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0206620</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A cystic lymphatic lesion of the neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/60195">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cystic%20hygroma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2060195%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1370297"><div><strong>Cleft lip</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1370297</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4321245</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A gap in the lip or lips.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1370297">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20lip%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201370297%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6936"><div><strong>Polyhydramnios</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6936">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyhydramnios%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206936%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105327"><div><strong>Non-immune hydrops fetalis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105327</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0455988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hydrops fetalis is a descriptive term for generalized edema of the fetus, with fluid accumulation in extravascular components and body cavities. It is not a diagnosis in itself, but a symptom and end-stage result of a wide variety of disorders. In the case of immune hydrops fetalis, a frequent cause is maternofetal incompatibility as in that related to a number of genetic anemias and metabolic disorders expressed in the fetus; in other instances, it remains idiopathic and likely multifactorial (summary by Bellini et al., 2009).&#13; Nonimmune hydrops fetalis accounts for 76 to 87% of all described cases of hydrops fetalis (Bellini et al., 2009).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Hydrops Fetalis&#13; In southeast Asia, alpha-thalassemia (604131) is the most common cause of hydrops fetalis, accounting for 60 to 90% of cases. Almost all of these cases result from homozygous deletion of the HBA1 (141800) and HBA2 (141850) genes. A few cases have been reported that had 1 apparently normal alpha-globin gene, termed the hemoglobin H (613978) hydrops fetalis syndrome (summary by Chui and Waye, 1998).&#13; Other genetic disorders predisposing to NIHF include other congenital anemias, such as erythropoietic porphyria (e.g., 606938.0013), and many metabolic disorders, such as one form of Gaucher disease (e.g., 606463.0009), infantile sialic acid storage disease (269920), mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (253220), glycogen storage disease IV (232500), congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (212065), and disorders of lymphatic malformation (see, e.g., LMPHM1, 153100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105327">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Non-immune%20hydrops%20fetalis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105327%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_278026"><div><strong>Single umbilical artery</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>278026</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384670</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/278026">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Single%20umbilical%20artery%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20278026%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324644"><div><strong>Thickened nuchal skin fold</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324644</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836940</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A thickening of the skin thickness in the posterior aspect of the fetal neck. A nuchal fold (NF) measurement is obtained in a transverse section of the fetal head at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and thalami, angled posteriorly to include the cerebellum. The measurement is taken from the outer edge of the occiput bone to the outer skin limit directly in the midline. An NF measurement greater than 5 mm at 14 to 17+6 weeks of gestation, or 6 mm at 18 to 28 weeks has been associated with a markedly increased risk for Down syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324644">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thickened%20nuchal%20skin%20fold%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324644%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473112"><div><strong>Deeply set eye</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473112</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473112">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deeply%20set%20eye%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473112%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1370297" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft lip</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_60195" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cystic hygroma</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105327" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Non-immune hydrops fetalis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyhydramnios</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_278026" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Single umbilical artery</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324644" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thickened nuchal skin fold</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57773" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic arch interruption</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6753" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial septal defect</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235591" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrioventricular canal defect</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57436" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bicuspid aortic valve</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coarctation of aorta</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_901243" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysplastic tricuspid valve</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_507001" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic aortic arch</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57746" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic left heart syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1739709" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Misalignment of the pulmonary veins</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_488916" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parachute mitral valve</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_450995" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4415" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Patent ductus arteriosus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8891" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Patent foramen ovale</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Persistent left superior vena cava</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_425404" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary arterial hypertension</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140900" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary artery dilatation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary artery stenosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116684" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary valve atresia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary valve insufficiency</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57981" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Right ventricular hypertrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98446" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Right-to-left shunt</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tetralogy of Fallot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42366" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventricular septal defect</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56211" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Annular pancreas</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_927596" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital shortened small intestine</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75602" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Duodenal atresia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4545" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Esophageal atresia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1997" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Imperforate anus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113153" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intestinal malrotation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Meckel diverticulum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473112" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deeply set eye</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78599" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bicornuate uterus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_488918" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilatation of the bladder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_574571" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilatation of the renal pelvis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42531" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydronephrosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_101073" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydroureter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_163083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypospadias</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1830315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Asplenia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340882" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary lymphangiectasia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1744309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Butterfly vertebrae</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_162756" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital omphalocele</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113171" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diastasis recti</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_330764" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posterior rib fusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19766" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retrognathia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2065" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chiari malformation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87376" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Choroid plexus cyst</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21449" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syringomyelia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_480553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ventriculomegaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195782" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal lung lobation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_394267" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alveolar capillary dysplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_924182" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10805" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pleural effusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21228" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tracheoesophageal fistula</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0031190[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=45824">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=45824" target="_blank" href="/omim/265380">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/45824" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=45824&amp;link_uid=45824" title="View MedGen record for 'Persistent fetal circulation syndrome'">Persistent fetal circulation syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2960310[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=755478">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=755478" ref="ncbi_uid=755478">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814231" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal fetal physiology">Abnormal fetal physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814350" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal fetal cardiovascular physiology">Abnormal fetal cardiovascular physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/45824" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Persistent fetal circulation syndrome">Persistent fetal circulation syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39182148">International treatment outcomes of neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN): a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alhumaid S,
Alnaim AA,
Al Ghamdi MA,
Alahmari AA,
Alabdulqader M,
Al HajjiMohammed SM,
Alalwan QM,
Al Dossary N,
Alghazal HA,
Al Hassan MH,
Almaani KM,
Alhassan FH,
Almuhanna MS,
Alshakhes AS,
BuMozah AS,
Al-Alawi AS,
Almousa FM,
Alalawi HS,
Al Matared SM,
Alanazi FA,
Aldera AH,
AlBesher MA,
Almuhaisen RH,
Busubaih JS,
Alyasin AH,
Al Majhad AA,
Al Ithan IA,
Alzuwaid AS,
Albaqshi MA,
Alhmeed N,
Albaqshi YA,
Al Alawi Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiothorac Surg</span>
2024 Aug 24;19(1):493.
doi: 10.1186/s13019-024-03011-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39182148" target="_blank">39182148</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11344431" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33578219">Incidence of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins in infants with unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension: The roles of clinical, pathological, and genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Onda T,
Akimoto T,
Hayasaka I,
Ikeda M,
Furuse Y,
Ando A,
Nakamura Y,
Honjo R,
Manabe A,
Furuta I,
Cho K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Early Hum Dev</span>
2021 Apr;155:105323.
Epub 2021 Jan 26
doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105323.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33578219" target="_blank">33578219</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36480964">Novel FOXF1-Stabilizing Compound TanFe Stimulates Lung Angiogenesis in Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pradhan A,
Che L,
Ustiyan V,
Reza AA,
Pek NM,
Zhang Y,
Alber AB,
Kalin TR,
Wambach JA,
Gu M,
Kotton DN,
Siefert ME,
Ziady AG,
Kalin TV,
Kalinichenko VV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2023 Apr 15;207(8):1042-1054.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1332OC.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36480964" target="_blank">36480964</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10112450" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34738691">Congenital interstitial lung diseases: What the anesthesiologist needs to know.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bertolizio G,
Engelhardt T,
Veyckemans F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2022 Feb;32(2):138-147.
Epub 2021 Nov 11
doi: 10.1111/pan.14325.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34738691" target="_blank">34738691</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32949727">Histopathologic features of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins with atypical clinical presentation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alturkustani M,
Li D,
Byers JT,
Szymanski L,
Parham DM,
Shi W,
Wang LL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Pathol</span>
2021 Jan-Feb;50:107289.
Epub 2020 Sep 16
doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107289.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32949727" target="_blank">32949727</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31189067">Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Diagnostics in Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vincent M,
Karolak JA,
Deutsch G,
Gambin T,
Popek E,
Isidor B,
Szafranski P,
Le Caignec C,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2019 Nov 1;200(9):1093-1101.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0495TR.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31189067" target="_blank">31189067</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6888654" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22018036">Paediatric interstitial lung disease: classification and definitions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dishop MK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Respir Rev</span>
2011 Dec;12(4):230-7.
Epub 2011 Mar 5
doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2011.01.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22018036" target="_blank">22018036</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34738691">Congenital interstitial lung diseases: What the anesthesiologist needs to know.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bertolizio G,
Engelhardt T,
Veyckemans F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2022 Feb;32(2):138-147.
Epub 2021 Nov 11
doi: 10.1111/pan.14325.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34738691" target="_blank">34738691</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31189067">Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Diagnostics in Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vincent M,
Karolak JA,
Deutsch G,
Gambin T,
Popek E,
Isidor B,
Szafranski P,
Le Caignec C,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2019 Nov 1;200(9):1093-1101.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0495TR.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31189067" target="_blank">31189067</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6888654" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27071622">Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szafranski P,
Gambin T,
Dharmadhikari AV,
Akdemir KC,
Jhangiani SN,
Schuette J,
Godiwala N,
Yatsenko SA,
Sebastian J,
Madan-Khetarpal S,
Surti U,
Abellar RG,
Bateman DA,
Wilson AL,
Markham MH,
Slamon J,
Santos-Simarro F,
Palomares M,
Nevado J,
Lapunzina P,
Chung BH,
Wong WL,
Chu YWY,
Mok GTK,
Kerem E,
Reiter J,
Ambalavanan N,
Anderson SA,
Kelly DR,
Shieh J,
Rosenthal TC,
Scheible K,
Steiner L,
Iqbal MA,
McKinnon ML,
Hamilton SJ,
Schlade-Bartusiak K,
English D,
Hendson G,
Roeder ER,
DeNapoli TS,
Littlejohn RO,
Wolff DJ,
Wagner CL,
Yeung A,
Francis D,
Fiorino EK,
Edelman M,
Fox J,
Hayes DA,
Janssens S,
De Baere E,
Menten B,
Loccufier A,
Vanwalleghem L,
Moerman P,
Sznajer Y,
Lay AS,
Kussmann JL,
Chawla J,
Payton DJ,
Phillips GE,
Brosens E,
Tibboel D,
de Klein A,
Maystadt I,
Fisher R,
Sebire N,
Male A,
Chopra M,
Pinner J,
Malcolm G,
Peters G,
Arbuckle S,
Lees M,
Mead Z,
Quarrell O,
Sayers R,
Owens M,
Shaw-Smith C,
Lioy J,
McKay E,
de Leeuw N,
Feenstra I,
Spruijt L,
Elmslie F,
Thiruchelvam T,
Bacino CA,
Langston C,
Lupski JR,
Sen P,
Popek E,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2016 May;135(5):569-586.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21471096">Alveolar capillary dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bishop NB,
Stankiewicz P,
Steinhorn RH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2011 Jul 15;184(2):172-9.
Epub 2011 Mar 11
doi: 10.1164/rccm.201010-1697CI.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21471096" target="_blank">21471096</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3172887" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15251148">Pulmonary pathology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">deMello DE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Neonatol</span>
2004 Aug;9(4):311-29.
doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2003.12.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15251148" target="_blank">15251148</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (61)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34111939">Nanoparticle Delivery of STAT3 Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension in a Mouse Model of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun F,
Wang G,
Pradhan A,
Xu K,
Gomez-Arroyo J,
Zhang Y,
Kalin GT,
Deng Z,
Vagnozzi RJ,
He H,
Dunn AW,
Wang Y,
York AJ,
Hegde RS,
Woods JC,
Kalin TV,
Molkentin JD,
Kalinichenko VV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2021 Aug 17;144(7):539-555.
Epub 2021 Jun 11
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.053980.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34111939" target="_blank">34111939</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8373823" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31883304">Living-donor single-lobe lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension due to alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nakajima D,
Oda H,
Mineura K,
Goto T,
Kato I,
Baba S,
Ikeda T,
Chen-Yoshikawa TF,
Date H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Transplant</span>
2020 Jun;20(6):1739-1743.
Epub 2020 Jan 27
doi: 10.1111/ajt.15762.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31883304" target="_blank">31883304</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27894766">Risk and relevance of open lung biopsy in pediatric ECMO patients: the Dutch experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Houmes RJ,
Ten Kate CA,
Wildschut ED,
Verdijk RM,
Wijnen RM,
de Blaauw I,
Tibboel D,
van Heijst AF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Surg</span>
2017 Mar;52(3):405-409.
Epub 2016 Nov 14
doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.11.031.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27894766" target="_blank">27894766</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21315191">Analysis of FOXF1 and the FOX gene cluster in patients with VACTERL association.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agochukwu NB,
Pineda-Alvarez DE,
Keaton AA,
Warren-Mora N,
Raam MS,
Kamat A,
Chandrasekharappa SC,
Solomon BD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2011 May-Jun;54(3):323-8.
Epub 2011 Feb 26
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.01.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21315191" target="_blank">21315191</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3086932" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8283361">Misalignment of pulmonary veins with alveolar capillary dysplasia: affected siblings and variable phenotypic expression.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boggs S,
Harris MC,
Hoffman DJ,
Goel R,
McDonald-McGinn D,
Langston C,
Zackai E,
Ruchelli E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr</span>
1994 Jan;124(1):125-8.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70267-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8283361" target="_blank">8283361</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34738691">Congenital interstitial lung diseases: What the anesthesiologist needs to know.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bertolizio G,
Engelhardt T,
Veyckemans F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2022 Feb;32(2):138-147.
Epub 2021 Nov 11
doi: 10.1111/pan.14325.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34738691" target="_blank">34738691</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33578219">Incidence of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins in infants with unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension: The roles of clinical, pathological, and genetic testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Onda T,
Akimoto T,
Hayasaka I,
Ikeda M,
Furuse Y,
Ando A,
Nakamura Y,
Honjo R,
Manabe A,
Furuta I,
Cho K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Early Hum Dev</span>
2021 Apr;155:105323.
Epub 2021 Jan 26
doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105323.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33578219" target="_blank">33578219</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32949727">Histopathologic features of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins with atypical clinical presentation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alturkustani M,
Li D,
Byers JT,
Szymanski L,
Parham DM,
Shi W,
Wang LL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Pathol</span>
2021 Jan-Feb;50:107289.
Epub 2020 Sep 16
doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107289.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32949727" target="_blank">32949727</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25263726">Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins associated with aortic coarctation and intestinal malrotation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arreo Del Val V,
Avila-Alvarez A,
Schteffer LR,
Santos F,
Deiros L,
Del Cerro MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Perinatol</span>
2014 Oct;34(10):795-7.
doi: 10.1038/jp.2014.94.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25263726" target="_blank">25263726</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22018036">Paediatric interstitial lung disease: classification and definitions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dishop MK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Respir Rev</span>
2011 Dec;12(4):230-7.
Epub 2011 Mar 5
doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2011.01.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22018036" target="_blank">22018036</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39497128">The molecular consequences of FOXF1 missense mutations associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edel GG,
van Kempen M,
Munck AB,
Huisman CN,
Naalden CAP,
Brouwer RWW,
Koornneef S,
van IJcken WFJ,
Wijnen RMH,
Rottier RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Biomed Sci</span>
2024 Nov 4;31(1):100.
doi: 10.1186/s12929-024-01088-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39497128" target="_blank">39497128</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11536904" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34315444">Perturbation of semaphorin and VEGF signaling in ACDMPV lungs due to FOXF1 deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karolak JA,
Gambin T,
Szafranski P,
Maywald RL,
Popek E,
Heaney JD,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Respir Res</span>
2021 Jul 27;22(1):212.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01797-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34315444" target="_blank">34315444</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8314029" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30961659">Novel parent-of-origin-specific differentially methylated loci on chromosome 16.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schulze KV,
Szafranski P,
Lesmana H,
Hopkin RJ,
Hamvas A,
Wambach JA,
Shinawi M,
Zapata G,
Carvalho CMB,
Liu Q,
Karolak JA,
Lupski JR,
Hanchard NA,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Epigenetics</span>
2019 Apr 8;11(1):60.
doi: 10.1186/s13148-019-0655-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30961659" target="_blank">30961659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6454695" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27071622">Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szafranski P,
Gambin T,
Dharmadhikari AV,
Akdemir KC,
Jhangiani SN,
Schuette J,
Godiwala N,
Yatsenko SA,
Sebastian J,
Madan-Khetarpal S,
Surti U,
Abellar RG,
Bateman DA,
Wilson AL,
Markham MH,
Slamon J,
Santos-Simarro F,
Palomares M,
Nevado J,
Lapunzina P,
Chung BH,
Wong WL,
Chu YWY,
Mok GTK,
Kerem E,
Reiter J,
Ambalavanan N,
Anderson SA,
Kelly DR,
Shieh J,
Rosenthal TC,
Scheible K,
Steiner L,
Iqbal MA,
McKinnon ML,
Hamilton SJ,
Schlade-Bartusiak K,
English D,
Hendson G,
Roeder ER,
DeNapoli TS,
Littlejohn RO,
Wolff DJ,
Wagner CL,
Yeung A,
Francis D,
Fiorino EK,
Edelman M,
Fox J,
Hayes DA,
Janssens S,
De Baere E,
Menten B,
Loccufier A,
Vanwalleghem L,
Moerman P,
Sznajer Y,
Lay AS,
Kussmann JL,
Chawla J,
Payton DJ,
Phillips GE,
Brosens E,
Tibboel D,
de Klein A,
Maystadt I,
Fisher R,
Sebire N,
Male A,
Chopra M,
Pinner J,
Malcolm G,
Peters G,
Arbuckle S,
Lees M,
Mead Z,
Quarrell O,
Sayers R,
Owens M,
Shaw-Smith C,
Lioy J,
McKay E,
de Leeuw N,
Feenstra I,
Spruijt L,
Elmslie F,
Thiruchelvam T,
Bacino CA,
Langston C,
Lupski JR,
Sen P,
Popek E,
Stankiewicz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2016 May;135(5):569-586.
Epub 2016 Apr 12
doi: 10.1007/s00439-016-1655-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27071622" target="_blank">27071622</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5518754" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18983610">Capillary apposition and density in the diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Melly L,
Sebire NJ,
Malone M,
Nicholson AG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Histopathology</span>
2008 Oct;53(4):450-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03134.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18983610" target="_blank">18983610</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39182148">International treatment outcomes of neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN): a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alhumaid S,
Alnaim AA,
Al Ghamdi MA,
Alahmari AA,
Alabdulqader M,
Al HajjiMohammed SM,
Alalwan QM,
Al Dossary N,
Alghazal HA,
Al Hassan MH,
Almaani KM,
Alhassan FH,
Almuhanna MS,
Alshakhes AS,
BuMozah AS,
Al-Alawi AS,
Almousa FM,
Alalawi HS,
Al Matared SM,
Alanazi FA,
Aldera AH,
AlBesher MA,
Almuhaisen RH,
Busubaih JS,
Alyasin AH,
Al Majhad AA,
Al Ithan IA,
Alzuwaid AS,
Albaqshi MA,
Alhmeed N,
Albaqshi YA,
Al Alawi Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiothorac Surg</span>
2024 Aug 24;19(1):493.
doi: 10.1186/s13019-024-03011-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39182148" target="_blank">39182148</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11344431" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2960310%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (25)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2960310%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (33)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2960310%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (14)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2960310%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (41)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(alveolar%20capillary%20dysplasia%20with%20pulmonary%20venous%20misalignment)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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