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<meta name="keywords" content="C2750784, autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in gjc2, autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 44, autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44, disease or syndrome, gjc2, gjc2 autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia, hereditary spastic paraplegia 44, hereditary spastic paraplegia type 44, spastic paraplegia 44, spastic paraplegia 44, autosomal recessive, spg44, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A very rare, complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterised by a late-onset, slowly progressive spastic paraplegia associated with mild ataxia and dysarthria, upper extremity involvement (i.e. loss of finger dexterity, dysmetria), and mild cognitive impairment, without the presence of nystagmus. A hypomyelinating leucodystrophy and thin corpus callosum is observed in all cases and psychomotor development is normal or near normal. Caused by mutations in the GJC2 gene (1q41-q42) encoding the gap junction gamma-2 protein." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 44 (Concept Id: C2750784)
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<!--
UID=413042
ConceptID=C2750784
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 44<span class="h1sub">(SPG44)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C2750784</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Spastic Paraplegia 44; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 44, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 44 (723821002)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="GJC2 - ID: 57165 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/57165" class="medgenPMinfo">GJC2</a> (1q42.13)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013179" target="_blank">MONDO:0013179</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/613206" target="_blank">613206</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=320401">ORPHA320401</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A very rare, complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterised by a late-onset, slowly progressive spastic paraplegia associated with mild ataxia and dysarthria, upper extremity involvement (i.e. loss of finger dexterity, dysmetria), and mild cognitive impairment, without the presence of nystagmus. A hypomyelinating leucodystrophy and thin corpus callosum is observed in all cases and psychomotor development is normal or near normal. Caused by mutations in the GJC2 gene (1q41-q42) encoding the gap junction gamma-2 protein. [from <a title="US Edition of SNOMED CT" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/Snomed/us_edition.html" class="defSource" target="_blank">SNOMEDCT_US</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_675590"><div><strong>Pes cavus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>675590</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0728829</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/675590">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pes%20cavus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20675590%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1101"><div><strong>Constipation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009806</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1101">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Constipation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201101%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9164"><div><strong>Sensorineural hearing loss disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9164</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018784</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9164">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sensorineural%20hearing%20loss%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209164%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8510"><div><strong>Dysarthria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8510</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8510">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysarthria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208510%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19708"><div><strong>Babinski sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0034935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Babinski%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20882"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20882</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20882">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20paraplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020882%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115907"><div><strong>Spastic gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115907</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231687</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115907">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115907%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68583"><div><strong>Dysmetria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234162</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68583">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysmetria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068583%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90932"><div><strong>Cognitive impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90932</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0338656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90932">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cognitive%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090932%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_138005"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0344482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/138005">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20138005%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220865"><div><strong>Lower limb spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220865</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1271100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220865">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lower%20limb%20spasticity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220865%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220882"><div><strong>Upper limb spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220882</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1273957</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220882">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Upper%20limb%20spasticity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220882%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_335722"><div><strong>Distal sensory impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335722</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335722">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Distal%20sensory%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20335722%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892446"><div><strong>CNS hypomyelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892446</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025616</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced amount of myelin in the central nervous system resulting from defective myelinogenesis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892446">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22CNS%20hypomyelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892446%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1642960"><div><strong>Intention tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551520</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of kinetic tremor that occurs during target directed movement is called intention tremor. That is, an oscillatory cerebellar ataxia that tends to be absent when the limbs are inactive and during the first part of voluntary movement but worsening as the movement continues and greater precision is required (e.g., in touching a target such as the patient's nose or a physician's finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642960">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intention%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201642960%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11348"><div><strong>Scoliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11348</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036439</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11348">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scoliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011348%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_232942"><div><strong>Slow saccadic eye movements</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>232942</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1321329</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally slow velocity of the saccadic eye movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/232942">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Slow%20saccadic%20eye%20movements%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20232942%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_675590" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pes cavus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Constipation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_232942" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Slow saccadic eye movements</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11348" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scoliosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Babinski sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892446" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CNS hypomyelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90932" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cognitive impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_335722" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distal sensory impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8510" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysarthria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysmetria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_138005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1642960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intention tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220865" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lower limb spasticity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115907" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic gait</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20882" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220882" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Upper limb spasticity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9164" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sensorineural hearing loss disorder</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2750784[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=413042">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=413042" target="_blank" href="/omim/613206">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=413042" ref="ncbi_uid=413042">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 44</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1843346" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia">Autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 44</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=21721&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 44</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34387232">Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Combined Simultaneous Bilateral Anterior Distal Femoral Plate Hemiepiphysiodesis and Hamstrings Release in Management of Knee Flexion Contractures in Children With Neuromuscular Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zaghloul A,
Manoukian D,
Barrett MC,
Geronta I,
Maizen C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
2021 Oct 1;41(9):559-565.
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001942.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34387232" target="_blank">34387232</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38499745">Whole exome sequencing in Serbian patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brankovic M,
Ivanovic V,
Basta I,
Khang R,
Lee E,
Stevic Z,
Ralic B,
Tubic R,
Seo G,
Markovic V,
Bozovic I,
Svetel M,
Marjanovic A,
Veselinovic N,
Mesaros S,
Jankovic M,
Savic-Pavicevic D,
Jovin Z,
Novakovic I,
Lee H,
Peric S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurogenetics</span>
2024 Jul;25(3):165-177.
Epub 2024 Mar 19
doi: 10.1007/s10048-024-00755-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38499745" target="_blank">38499745</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38301322">A Retrospective Review of 18 Patients With Childhood-Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Nine With Novel Variants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kilic MA,
Yildiz EP,
Deniz A,
Coskun O,
Kurekci F,
Avci R,
Genc HM,
Yesil G,
Akbas S,
Yesilyurt A,
Kara B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2024 Mar;152:189-195.
Epub 2024 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.01.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38301322" target="_blank">38301322</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38150853">Clinical and genetic keys to cerebellar ataxia due to FGF14 GAA expansions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Méreaux JL,
Davoine CS,
Pellerin D,
Coarelli G,
Coutelier M,
Ewenczyk C,
Monin ML,
Anheim M,
Le Ber I,
Thobois S,
Gobert F,
Guillot-Noël L,
Forlani S,
Jornea L,
Heinzmann A,
Sangare A,
Gaymard B,
Guyant-Maréchal L,
Charles P,
Marelli C,
Honnorat J,
Degos B,
Tison F,
Sangla S,
Simonetta-Moreau M,
Salachas F,
Tchikviladzé M,
Castelnovo G,
Mochel F,
Klebe S,
Castrioto A,
Fenu S,
Méneret A,
Bourdain F,
Wandzel M,
Roth V,
Bonnet C,
Riant F,
Stevanin G,
Noël S,
Fauret-Amsellem AL,
Bahlo M,
Lockhart PJ,
Brais B,
Renaud M,
Brice A,
Durr A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EBioMedicine</span>
2024 Jan;99:104931.
Epub 2023 Dec 27
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104931.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38150853" target="_blank">38150853</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10784672" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37161652">Decoding hereditary spastic paraplegia pathogenicity through transcriptomic profiling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ho NJ,
Chen X,
Lei Y,
Gu S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Zool Res</span>
2023 May 18;44(3):650-662.
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.281.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37161652" target="_blank">37161652</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10236304" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36441344">Movement disorders in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fereshtehnejad SM,
Saleh PA,
Oliveira LM,
Patel N,
Bhowmick S,
Saranza G,
Kalia LV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2023 Mar;44(3):947-959.
Epub 2022 Nov 28
doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06516-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36441344" target="_blank">36441344</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9925593" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (30)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37410270">The first reports of FA2H-associated neurodegeneration from two unrelated Iranian families.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hashemi N,
Abadi RNS,
Alavi A,
Rohani M,
Ghasemi A,
Tavasoli AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2023 Dec;44(12):4359-4362.
Epub 2023 Jul 6
doi: 10.1007/s10072-023-06932-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37410270" target="_blank">37410270</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36441344">Movement disorders in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fereshtehnejad SM,
Saleh PA,
Oliveira LM,
Patel N,
Bhowmick S,
Saranza G,
Kalia LV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2023 Mar;44(3):947-959.
Epub 2022 Nov 28
doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06516-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36441344" target="_blank">36441344</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9925593" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36315648">The clinical and molecular spectrum of ZFYVE26-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG15.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saffari A,
Kellner M,
Jordan C,
Rosengarten H,
Mo A,
Zhang B,
Strelko O,
Neuser S,
Davis MY,
Yoshikura N,
Futamura N,
Takeuchi T,
Nabatame S,
Ishiura H,
Tsuji S,
Aldeen HS,
Cali E,
Rocca C,
Houlden H,
Efthymiou S,
Assmann B,
Yoon G,
Trombetta BA,
Kivisäkk P,
Eichler F,
Nan H,
Takiyama Y,
Tessa A,
Santorelli FM,
Sahin M,
Blackstone C,
Yang E,
Schüle R,
Ebrahimi-Fakhari D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 May 2;146(5):2003-2015.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awac391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36315648" target="_blank">36315648</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10411936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35303589">Childhood-Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP): A Case Series and Review of Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Panwala TF,
Garcia-Santibanez R,
Vizcarra JA,
Garcia AG,
Verma S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2022 May;130:7-13.
Epub 2022 Mar 3
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35303589" target="_blank">35303589</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33581793">Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11: Clinicogenetic lessons from 339 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Du J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurosci</span>
2021 Mar;85:67-71.
Epub 2021 Jan 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.036.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33581793" target="_blank">33581793</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (38)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38557877">Validation of the Italian version of a patient-reported outcome measure for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Diella E,
D'Angelo MG,
Stefan C,
Girardi G,
Morganti R,
Martinuzzi A,
Biffi E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2024;19(4):e0301452.
Epub 2024 Apr 1
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301452.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38557877" target="_blank">38557877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10984402" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36315648">The clinical and molecular spectrum of ZFYVE26-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG15.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saffari A,
Kellner M,
Jordan C,
Rosengarten H,
Mo A,
Zhang B,
Strelko O,
Neuser S,
Davis MY,
Yoshikura N,
Futamura N,
Takeuchi T,
Nabatame S,
Ishiura H,
Tsuji S,
Aldeen HS,
Cali E,
Rocca C,
Houlden H,
Efthymiou S,
Assmann B,
Yoon G,
Trombetta BA,
Kivisäkk P,
Eichler F,
Nan H,
Takiyama Y,
Tessa A,
Santorelli FM,
Sahin M,
Blackstone C,
Yang E,
Schüle R,
Ebrahimi-Fakhari D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 May 2;146(5):2003-2015.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awac391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36315648" target="_blank">36315648</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10411936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34817445">A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex on Lower Extremity Spasticity in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bastani PB,
Kordjazi M,
Oveisgharan S,
Abdi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurophysiol</span>
2023 Feb 1;40(2):173-179.
Epub 2021 Nov 23
doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000874.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34817445" target="_blank">34817445</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33413555">Improving gait adaptability in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (Move-HSP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van de Venis L,
van de Warrenburg BPC,
Weerdesteyn V,
van Lith BJH,
Geurts ACH,
Nonnekes J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trials</span>
2021 Jan 7;22(1):32.
doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04932-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33413555" target="_blank">33413555</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7788541" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30508408">Spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP): A sham-controlled crossover study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ardolino G,
Bocci T,
Nigro M,
Vergari M,
Di Fonzo A,
Bonato S,
Cogiamanian F,
Cortese F,
Cova I,
Barbieri S,
Priori A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Spinal Cord Med</span>
2021 Jan;44(1):46-53.
Epub 2018 Dec 3
doi: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1543926.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30508408" target="_blank">30508408</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7919872" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38297306">Clinical features and molecular genetic investigation of infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP) in two Chinese siblings caused by a novel splice site ALS2 variation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Q,
Yang Q,
Luo J,
Zhou X,
Yi S,
Tan S,
Qin Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genomics</span>
2024 Jan 31;17(1):44.
doi: 10.1186/s12920-024-01805-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38297306" target="_blank">38297306</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10829245" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37983191">Spastic Paraplegia Type 7-Associated Optic Neuropathy: A Case Series.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bell CA,
Ko MW,
Mackay DD,
Bursztyn LLCD,
Grossman SN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuroophthalmol</span>
2024 Dec 1;44(4):488-496.
Epub 2023 Nov 20
doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000002039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37983191" target="_blank">37983191</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34702576">Autosomal dominant ADAR c.3019G&gt;A (p.(G1007R)) variant is an important mimic of hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jones HF,
Stoll M,
Ho G,
O'Neill D,
Han VX,
Paget S,
Stewart K,
Lewis J,
Kothur K,
Troedson C,
Crow YJ,
Dale RC,
Mohammad SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
2022 Feb;44(2):153-160.
Epub 2021 Oct 24
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.10.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34702576" target="_blank">34702576</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34715294">The emerging genetic diversity of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Korean patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang JO,
Yoon JY,
Sung DH,
Yun S,
Lee JJ,
Jun SY,
Halder D,
Jeon SJ,
Woo EJ,
Seok JM,
Cho JW,
Jang JH,
Choi JK,
Kim BJ,
Kim NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genomics</span>
2021 Nov;113(6):4136-4148.
Epub 2021 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.10.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34715294" target="_blank">34715294</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27679996">Defining the genetic basis of early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia using whole genome sequencing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumar KR,
Wali GM,
Kamate M,
Wali G,
Minoche AE,
Puttick C,
Pinese M,
Gayevskiy V,
Dinger ME,
Roscioli T,
Sue CM,
Cowley MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurogenetics</span>
2016 Oct;17(4):265-270.
Epub 2016 Sep 28
doi: 10.1007/s10048-016-0495-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27679996" target="_blank">27679996</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5061846" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38301322">A Retrospective Review of 18 Patients With Childhood-Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Nine With Novel Variants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kilic MA,
Yildiz EP,
Deniz A,
Coskun O,
Kurekci F,
Avci R,
Genc HM,
Yesil G,
Akbas S,
Yesilyurt A,
Kara B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2024 Mar;152:189-195.
Epub 2024 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.01.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38301322" target="_blank">38301322</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38150853">Clinical and genetic keys to cerebellar ataxia due to FGF14 GAA expansions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Méreaux JL,
Davoine CS,
Pellerin D,
Coarelli G,
Coutelier M,
Ewenczyk C,
Monin ML,
Anheim M,
Le Ber I,
Thobois S,
Gobert F,
Guillot-Noël L,
Forlani S,
Jornea L,
Heinzmann A,
Sangare A,
Gaymard B,
Guyant-Maréchal L,
Charles P,
Marelli C,
Honnorat J,
Degos B,
Tison F,
Sangla S,
Simonetta-Moreau M,
Salachas F,
Tchikviladzé M,
Castelnovo G,
Mochel F,
Klebe S,
Castrioto A,
Fenu S,
Méneret A,
Bourdain F,
Wandzel M,
Roth V,
Bonnet C,
Riant F,
Stevanin G,
Noël S,
Fauret-Amsellem AL,
Bahlo M,
Lockhart PJ,
Brais B,
Renaud M,
Brice A,
Durr A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EBioMedicine</span>
2024 Jan;99:104931.
Epub 2023 Dec 27
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104931.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38150853" target="_blank">38150853</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10784672" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36315648">The clinical and molecular spectrum of ZFYVE26-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG15.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saffari A,
Kellner M,
Jordan C,
Rosengarten H,
Mo A,
Zhang B,
Strelko O,
Neuser S,
Davis MY,
Yoshikura N,
Futamura N,
Takeuchi T,
Nabatame S,
Ishiura H,
Tsuji S,
Aldeen HS,
Cali E,
Rocca C,
Houlden H,
Efthymiou S,
Assmann B,
Yoon G,
Trombetta BA,
Kivisäkk P,
Eichler F,
Nan H,
Takiyama Y,
Tessa A,
Santorelli FM,
Sahin M,
Blackstone C,
Yang E,
Schüle R,
Ebrahimi-Fakhari D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 May 2;146(5):2003-2015.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awac391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36315648" target="_blank">36315648</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10411936" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35254204">SPG11: clinical and genetic features of seven Czech patients and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Doleckova K,
Roth J,
Stellmachova J,
Gescheidt T,
Sigut V,
Houska P,
Jech R,
Zech M,
Vyhnalek M,
Vyhnalkova E,
Seeman P,
Meszarosova AU</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Res</span>
2022 May;44(5):379-389.
Epub 2022 Mar 7
doi: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1975224.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35254204" target="_blank">35254204</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33581793">Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11: Clinicogenetic lessons from 339 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Du J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurosci</span>
2021 Mar;85:67-71.
Epub 2021 Jan 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.036.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33581793" target="_blank">33581793</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (23)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36441344">Movement disorders in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP): a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fereshtehnejad SM,
Saleh PA,
Oliveira LM,
Patel N,
Bhowmick S,
Saranza G,
Kalia LV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2023 Mar;44(3):947-959.
Epub 2022 Nov 28
doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-06516-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36441344" target="_blank">36441344</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9925593" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33581793">Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11: Clinicogenetic lessons from 339 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Du J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurosci</span>
2021 Mar;85:67-71.
Epub 2021 Jan 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.036.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33581793" target="_blank">33581793</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2750784%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (10)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2750784%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (19)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2750784%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (4)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2750784%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (22)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/spastic_paraplegia_44_autosomal_recessive" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2044" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/17478/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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