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<meta name="keywords" content="C1856019, abnormal cortical gyration, abnormal gyration, abnormal gyrations, anatomical abnormality, cerebral gyral anomalies, finding, gyral disorganisation, gyral disorganization, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An abnormality of the gyri (i.e., the ridges) of the cerebral cortex of the brain." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=343457
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ConceptID=C1856019
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abnormal cortical gyration</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343457</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1856019</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Abnormal gyration; Abnormal gyrations; Cerebral gyral anomalies; Gyral disorganization</td></tr>
|
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002536">HP:0002536</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">An abnormality of the gyri (i.e., the ridges) of the cerebral cortex of the brain. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Abnormal cortical gyration</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868416" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system morphology">Abnormal nervous system morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892343" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Morphological central nervous system abnormality">Morphological central nervous system abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866738" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal brain morphology">Abnormal brain morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866620" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal forebrain morphology">Abnormal forebrain morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867394" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cerebral morphology">Abnormal cerebral morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871221" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cerebral cortex morphology">Abnormal cerebral cortex morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abnormal cortical gyration</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1690926" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysgyria">Dysgyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1687197" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysgyria with normal cortical thickness">Dysgyria with normal cortical thickness</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1702778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysgyria with thickened cortex">Dysgyria with thickened cortex</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78604" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lissencephaly">Lissencephaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1693266" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 2-3-layered lissencephaly">2-3-layered lissencephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1696793" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 6-layered lissencephaly">6-layered lissencephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/361827" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Agyria">Agyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98463" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Classic lissencephaly">Classic lissencephaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/895946" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Isolated lissencephaly type 1 without known genetic defect">Isolated lissencephaly type 1 without known genetic defect</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1681109" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lissencephaly 9 with complex brainstem malformation">Lissencephaly 9 with complex brainstem malformation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1657090" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation">Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1644310" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lissencephaly type 1 due to doublecortin gene mutation">Lissencephaly type 1 due to doublecortin gene mutation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78538" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Miller Dieker syndrome">Miller Dieker syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/408200" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias">Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96562" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cobblestone lissencephaly">Cobblestone lissencephaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/767571" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cobblestone lissencephaly without muscular or ocular involvement">Cobblestone lissencephaly without muscular or ocular involvement</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75553" 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dysplasia syndrome">Lissencephaly type 3-metacarpal bone dysplasia syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78537" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neu-Laxova syndrome">Neu-Laxova syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/120579" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Macrogyria">Macrogyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1690786" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pachygyria with 5-10 mm cortical thickness">Pachygyria with 5-10 mm cortical thickness</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1689044" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thick pachygyria">Thick pachygyria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/365439" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Microlissencephaly">Microlissencephaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163213" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Norman-Roberts syndrome">Norman-Roberts syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1703812" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unlayered lissencephaly">Unlayered lissencephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/375832" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia">X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78605" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Polymicrogyria">Polymicrogyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/376107" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria">Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647593" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral polymicrogyria">Bilateral polymicrogyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1754014" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria">Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1684616" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria">Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/862085" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria">Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337000" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome">Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1703574" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal polymicrogyria">Focal polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335671" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Frontal polymicrogyria">Frontal polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1707261" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria">Parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/481305" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Perisylvian polymicrogyria">Perisylvian polymicrogyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1696404" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria">Unilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870513" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral polymicrogyria">Unilateral polymicrogyria</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842371" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral focal polymicrogyria">Unilateral focal polymicrogyria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842283" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral hemispheric polymicrogyria">Unilateral hemispheric polymicrogyria</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/413664" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Simplified gyral pattern">Simplified gyral pattern</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_224728"><div><strong>Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>224728</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1263858</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy is an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by muscle weakness apparent at birth or in the first 6 months of life. Patients show hypotonia, poor suck and cry, and delayed motor development; most never achieve independent ambulation. Most patients also have periventricular white matter abnormalities on brain imaging, but mental retardation and/or seizures occur only rarely (summary by Xiong et al., 2015).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/224728">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_307142"><div><strong>Orofaciodigital syndrome I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>307142</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1510460</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD1) is usually male lethal during gestation and predominantly affects females. OFD1 is characterized by the following: oral features (lobulated tongue, tongue nodules, cleft of the hard or soft palate, accessory gingival frenulae, hypodontia, and other dental abnormalities); facial features (widely spaced eyes, telecanthus, hypoplasia of the alae nasi, median cleft or pseudocleft of the upper lip, micrognathia); digital features (brachydactyly, syndactyly, clinodactyly of the fifth finger, duplicated great toe); polycystic kidney disease; brain MRI findings (intracerebral cysts, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cerebellar agenesis with or without Dandy-Walker malformation); and intellectual disability (in approximately 50% of affected individuals).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/307142">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324369"><div><strong>Holoprosencephaly 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324369</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1835819</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Holoprosencephaly-9 refers to a disorder characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum of brain developmental defects, with or without overt forebrain cleavage abnormalities. It usually includes midline craniofacial anomalies involving the first branchial arch and/or orbits, pituitary hypoplasia with panhypopituitarism, and postaxial polydactyly. The disorder shows incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity (summary by Roessler et al., 2003 and Bertolacini et al., 2012). For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324369">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343455"><div><strong>Hydrolethalus syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343455</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1856016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Hydrolethalus-1 (HLS1) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation syndrome characterized by hydrocephaly with absent upper midline structures of the brain, micrognathia, and polydactyly. Various other features such as cleft lip or palate, club feet, anomalies of the ears, eyes, and nose, keyhole-shaped defect in the occipital bone, abnormal genitalia, and congenital heart and respiratory organ defects have also been observed in affected individuals. Affected individuals are stillborn or die shortly after birth (summary by Mee et al., 2005). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hydrolethalus Syndrome See also HLS2 (614120), caused by mutation in the KIF7 gene (611254) on chromosome 15q26.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343455">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347149"><div><strong>Osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859452</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">RNU4atac-opathy encompasses the phenotypic spectrum of biallelic RNU4ATAC pathogenic variants, including the three historically designated clinical phenotypes microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I/III (MOPDI), Roifman syndrome, and Lowry-Wood syndrome, as well as varying combinations of the disease features / system involvement that do not match specific defined phenotypes. Findings present in all affected individuals include growth restriction, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, and cognitive impairment. Less common but variable findings include brain anomalies, seizures, strokes, immunodeficiency, and cardiac anomalies, as well as ophthalmologic, skin, renal, gastrointestinal, hearing, and endocrine involvement.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347149">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357988"><div><strong>Short stature-craniofacial anomalies-genital hypoplasia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357988</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1867443</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Pterygia, impaired intellectual development, and distinctive craniofacial features is a chromosomal disorder characterized by these cardinal features. Craniofacial features include trigonocephaly and retrognathia. Intellectual development may be severely impaired (summary by Devriendt et al., 2000).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357988">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462537"><div><strong>Seckel syndrome 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462537</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3151187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Seckel syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by proportionate short stature, severe microcephaly, mental retardation, and a typical 'bird-head' facial appearance (summary by Kalay et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Seckel syndrome, see 210600.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462537">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766144"><div><strong>COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766144</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553230</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">CDG2L is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder apparent from birth or early infancy. It is characterized by poor growth, gastrointestinal and liver abnormalities, delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, recurrent infections, hematologic abnormalities, increased bleeding tendency, and hyperhidrosis or hyperkeratosis. More variable features include nonspecific dysmorphic facial features and cardiac septal defects. The disorder often results in death in infancy or the first years of life (summary by Rymen et al., 2015). For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065) and CDG2A (212066).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766144">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_907910"><div><strong>Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>907910</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225176</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures is an autosomal recessive severe neuromuscular disorder characterized by onset of severe hypotonia with fetal hypokinesia in utero. This results in congenital contractures, consistent with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and increased incidence of prenatal fracture of the long bones. Affected infants have difficulty breathing and feeding and often die in the first days or months of life (summary by Knierim et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures, see SMABF1 (616866).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/907910">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_899839"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, X-linked 99, syndromic, female-restricted</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>899839</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225416</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Female-restricted X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder-99 (MRXS99F) is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Affected females can have a wide range of additional congenital anomalies, including scoliosis, postaxial polydactyly, mild cardiac or urogenital anomalies, dysmorphic facial features, and mild structural brain abnormalities (summary by Reijnders et al., 2016).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/899839">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1380260"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1380260</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4479631</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies (NDMSBA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile onset of progressive microcephaly and spasticity and severe global developmental delay resulting in profoundly impaired intellectual development and severely impaired or absent motor function. More variable features include seizures and optic atrophy. Brain imaging may show myelinating abnormalities and white matter lesions consistent with a leukoencephalopathy, as well as structural anomalies, including thin corpus callosum, gyral abnormalities, and cerebral or cerebellar atrophy. Some patients die in early childhood (summary by Falik Zaccai et al., 2017 and Hall et al., 2017).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1380260">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1639061"><div><strong>Fraser syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639061</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551480</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Fraser syndrome is an autosomal recessive malformation disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tract (summary by van Haelst et al., 2008). Genetic Heterogeneity of Fraser Syndrome Fraser syndrome-2 (FRASRS2) is caused by mutation in the FREM2 gene (608945) on chromosome 13q13, and Fraser syndrome-3 (FRASRS3; 617667) is caused by mutation in the GRIP1 gene (604597) on chromosome 12q14. See Bowen syndrome (211200) for a comparable but probably distinct syndrome of multiple congenital malformations.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1639061">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794225"><div><strong>Fetal akinesia, respiratory insufficiency, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794225</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562015</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Fetal akinesia, respiratory insufficiency, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, and dysmorphic facies (FARIMPD) is an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by hypotonia in utero resulting in fetal akinesia with generalized joint contractures and arthrogryposis at birth. Affected newborns have severe respiratory insufficiency at birth requiring ventilation and significant dysmorphic facial features; seizures may also occur. Brain imaging shows variable malformations of cortical development, most commonly polymicrogyria or other gyral anomalies. Death in infancy usually occurs (summary by Monteiro et al., 2020).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794225">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1857550"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1857550</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935629</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities (NEDHFDB) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poor overall growth apparent from infancy, global developmental delay with motor delay, and severely impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech. Additional features include feeding difficulties, dysmorphic facies, variable congenital heart defects, and brain imaging abnormalities, usually hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (Engal et al., 2023).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1857550">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766144" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794225" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fetal akinesia, respiratory insufficiency, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1639061" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fraser syndrome 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324369" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Holoprosencephaly 9</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343455" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydrolethalus syndrome 1</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (14)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_899839" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, X-linked 99, syndromic, female-restricted</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_224728" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1857550" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, feeding difficulties, facial dysmorphism, and brain abnormalities</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1380260" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_307142" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Orofaciodigital syndrome I</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462537" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seckel syndrome 5</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357988" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature-craniofacial anomalies-genital hypoplasia syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_907910" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2</a></div></span></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32620025">Aicardi Syndrome: Key Fetal MRI Features and Prenatal Differential Diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masnada S,
|
||
Chiara D,
|
||
Giana I,
|
||
Manuela F,
|
||
Marco S,
|
||
Andrea A,
|
||
Patrizia A,
|
||
Nadia BB,
|
||
Valeria C,
|
||
Mara C,
|
||
Bernardo DB,
|
||
Francesca D,
|
||
Valentina G,
|
||
Elisa F,
|
||
Miguel FRL,
|
||
Carlo F,
|
||
Lucio G,
|
||
Simona O,
|
||
Lorenzo P,
|
||
Erika R,
|
||
Antonino R,
|
||
Mariasavina S,
|
||
Carlotta S,
|
||
Pierangelo V,
|
||
Anna P,
|
||
Andrea R,
|
||
Cecilia P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropediatrics</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;51(4):276-285.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jul 3
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710528.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32620025" target="_blank">32620025</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22242843">Prenatal neurologic anomalies: sonographic diagnosis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Catte L,
|
||
De Keersmaeker B,
|
||
Claus F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Drugs</span>
|
||
2012 Jun 1;14(3):143-55.
|
||
doi: 10.2165/11597030-000000000-00000.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22242843" target="_blank">22242843</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16821075">Hemimegalencephaly: clinical implications and surgical treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Di Rocco C,
|
||
Battaglia D,
|
||
Pietrini D,
|
||
Piastra M,
|
||
Massimi L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
|
||
2006 Aug;22(8):852-66.
|
||
Epub 2006 Jul 5
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00381-006-0149-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16821075" target="_blank">16821075</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abnormal%20cortical%20gyration)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25560765">Autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with a loss-of-function mutation in CDK5.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Magen D,
|
||
Ofir A,
|
||
Berger L,
|
||
Goldsher D,
|
||
Eran A,
|
||
Katib N,
|
||
Nijem Y,
|
||
Vlodavsky E,
|
||
Tzur S,
|
||
Behar DM,
|
||
Fellig Y,
|
||
Mandel H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2015 Mar;134(3):305-14.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jan 6
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00439-014-1522-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25560765" target="_blank">25560765</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34363665">The Neuropathology of 1p36 Deletion Syndrome: An Autopsy Case Series.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Conway KS,
|
||
Ghafoor F,
|
||
Gottschalk AC,
|
||
Laakman J,
|
||
Eigsti RL,
|
||
Nashelsky M,
|
||
Blau J,
|
||
Hefti MM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuropathol Exp Neurol</span>
|
||
2021 Sep 27;80(9):856-860.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/jnen/nlab072.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34363665" target="_blank">34363665</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8476076" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17162197">Brain malformation and infantile spasms in a SCAD deficiency patient.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mikati MA,
|
||
Chaaban HR,
|
||
Karam PE,
|
||
Krishnamoorthy KS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
|
||
2007 Jan;36(1):48-50.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2006.08.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17162197" target="_blank">17162197</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
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</div>
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<div class=" bottom">
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||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
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|
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<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abnormal%20cortical%20gyration)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
|
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<div class="portlet brieflink">
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<div class="portlet_head">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<li>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Abnormal%20cortical%20gyration%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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