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<meta name="keywords" content="4-hydroxybutyric aciduria, 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, C0268631, aldh5a1, disease or syndrome, gaba metabolic defect, gabauria, gamma-hydroxybutyric acidemia, gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, gamma-hydroxybutyricaciduria, ssadh, ssadh (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) deficiency, ssadh deficiency, ssadhd, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is characterized by a relatively non-progressive encephalopathy typically presenting with hypotonia and delayed acquisition of motor and language developmental milestones in the first two years of life. Common clinical features include an almost universal intellectual disability and adaptive function deficits, as well as epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, movement disorders (such as ataxia, dystonia, and exertional dyskinesia), sleep disturbances, attention problems, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Notably, seizures, autism spectrum disorder features, and behavioral problems tend to worsen around the time of late childhood or early adolescence. Affected individuals do not usually have episodic decompensation following metabolic stressors, as is typical of other organic acidemias and metabolic encephalopathies, although some have been diagnosed after having unanticipated difficulty recovering from otherwise ordinary childhood illnesses. Clinical presentation with acute onset of generalized hypotonia and choreiform movement following upper-respiratory tract infection has been observed." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (Concept Id: C0268631)
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<!--
UID=124340
ConceptID=C0268631
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 1--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1195/bin/ssadh-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1195/bin/ssadh-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1195/figure/ssadh.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency<span class="h1sub">(SSADHD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124340</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268631</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACIDURIA; GABA METABOLIC DEFECT; Gamma-hydroxybutyricaciduria; SSADH DEFICIENCY; SSADHD; Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (49748000); 4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria (49748000); Gamma-hydroxybutyric acidemia (49748000); SSADH (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) deficiency (49748000); Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (49748000); GABAuria (49748000); gamma-Hydroxybutyric aciduria (49748000); GABA metabolic defect (49748000)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="ALDH5A1 - ID: 7915 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/7915" class="medgenPMinfo">ALDH5A1</a> (6p22.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0010083" target="_blank">MONDO:0010083</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/271980" target="_blank">271980</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=22">ORPHA22</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1195" target="_blank">Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency</a></div><div>Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is characterized by a relatively non-progressive encephalopathy typically presenting with hypotonia and delayed acquisition of motor and language developmental milestones in the first two years of life. Common clinical features include an almost universal intellectual disability and adaptive function deficits, as well as epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, movement disorders (such as ataxia, dystonia, and exertional dyskinesia), sleep disturbances, attention problems, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Notably, seizures, autism spectrum disorder features, and behavioral problems tend to worsen around the time of late childhood or early adolescence. Affected individuals do not usually have episodic decompensation following metabolic stressors, as is typical of other organic acidemias and metabolic encephalopathies, although some have been diagnosed after having unanticipated difficulty recovering from otherwise ordinary childhood illnesses. Clinical presentation with acute onset of generalized hypotonia and choreiform movement following upper-respiratory tract infection has been observed. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Summary" target="NBK1195">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Diagnosis" target="NBK1195">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1195">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disord" target="NBK1195">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1195">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Management" target="NBK1195">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1195">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Resources" target="NBK1195">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1195">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1195">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1195#ssadh.References" target="NBK1195">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Itay Tokatly Latzer  |  Phillip L Pearl  |  Jean-Baptiste Roullet   <a href="/books/NBK1195" target="NBK1195" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare autosomal recessive neurologic disorder in which an enzyme defect in the GABA degradation pathway causes a consecutive elevation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and GABA. The clinical features include developmental delay, hypotonia, mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, hyperkinetic behavior, aggression, and sleep disturbances (summary by Reis et al., 2012).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/271980">http://www.omim.org/entry/271980</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disorder that can cause a variety of neurological problems. People with this condition typically have developmental delays, especially in speech development; intellectual disabilities; and decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) soon after birth. Communication problems may improve over time in people with this disorder.<br /><br />About half of people with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency experience seizures, difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia), and behavioral problems.  The most common behavioral problems associated with this condition are sleep disturbances, hyperactivity, difficulty maintaining attention, and anxiety. Other behavioral and psychiatric features, including aggression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), tend to develop in adolescence and early adulthood.   <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_338585"><div><strong>Increased level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in urine</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338585</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848971</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Elevated concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the urine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338585">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20level%20of%20gamma-aminobutyric%20acid%20in%20urine%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20338585%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1697012"><div><strong>Elevated urinary 4-hydroxybutyric acid</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1697012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5139403</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increased amount of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in the urine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1697012">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20urinary%204-hydroxybutyric%20acid%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201697012%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1375"><div><strong>Aggressive behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aggressive%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201375%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1613"><div><strong>Anxiety</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003467</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anxiety%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_13966"><div><strong>Autism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>13966</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004352</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autism, the prototypic pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), is usually apparent by 3 years of age. It is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic, and ritualized patterns of interests and behavior (Bailey et al., 1996; Risch et al., 1999). 'Autism spectrum disorder,' sometimes referred to as ASD, is a broader phenotype encompassing the less severe disorders Asperger syndrome (see ASPG1; 608638) and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). 'Broad autism phenotype' includes individuals with some symptoms of autism, but who do not meet the full criteria for autism or other disorders. Mental retardation coexists in approximately two-thirds of individuals with ASD, except for Asperger syndrome, in which mental retardation is conspicuously absent (Jones et al., 2008). Genetic studies in autism often include family members with these less stringent diagnoses (Schellenberg et al., 2006).&#13; Levy et al. (2009) provided a general review of autism and autism spectrum disorder, including epidemiology, characteristics of the disorder, diagnosis, neurobiologic hypotheses for the etiology, genetics, and treatment options.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Autism&#13; Autism is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder involving many genes. Accordingly, several loci have been identified, some or all of which may contribute to the phenotype. Included in this entry is AUTS1, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q22.&#13; Other susceptibility loci include AUTS3 (608049), which maps to chromosome 13q14; AUTS4 (608636), which maps to chromosome 15q11; AUTS6 (609378), which maps to chromosome 17q11; AUTS7 (610676), which maps to chromosome 17q21; AUTS8 (607373), which maps to chromosome 3q25-q27; AUTS9 (611015), which maps to chromosome 7q31; AUTS10 (611016), which maps to chromosome 7q36; AUTS11 (610836), which maps to chromosome 1q41; AUTS12 (610838), which maps to chromosome 21p13-q11; AUTS13 (610908), which maps to chromosome 12q14; AUTS14A (611913), which has been found in patients with a deletion of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS14B (614671), which has been found in patients with a duplication of a region of 16p11.2; AUTS15 (612100), associated with mutation in the CNTNAP2 gene (604569) on chromosome 7q35-q36; AUTS16 (613410), associated with mutation in the SLC9A9 gene (608396) on chromosome 3q24; AUTS17 (613436), associated with mutation in the SHANK2 gene (603290) on chromosome 11q13; AUTS18 (615032), associated with mutation in the CHD8 gene (610528) on chromosome 14q11; AUTS19 (615091), associated with mutation in the EIF4E gene (133440) on chromosome 4q23; and AUTS20 (618830), associated with mutation in the NLGN1 gene (600568) on chromosome 3q26. (NOTE: the symbol 'AUTS2' has been used to refer to a gene on chromosome 7q11 (KIAA0442; 607270) and therefore is not used as a part of this autism locus series.)&#13; There are several X-linked forms of autism susceptibility: AUTSX1 (300425), associated with mutations in the NLGN3 gene (300336); AUTSX2 (300495), associated with mutations in NLGN4 (300427); AUTSX3 (300496), associated with mutations in MECP2 (300005); AUTSX4 (300830), associated with variation in the region on chromosome Xp22.11 containing the PTCHD1 gene (300828); AUTSX5 (300847), associated with mutations in the RPL10 gene (312173); and AUTSX6 (300872), associated with mutation in the TMLHE gene (300777).&#13; A locus on chromosome 2q (606053) associated with a phenotype including intellectual disability and speech deficits was formerly designated AUTS5.&#13; Folstein and Rosen-Sheidley (2001) reviewed the genetics of autism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/13966">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Autism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2013966%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_14048"><div><strong>Atypical behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>14048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/14048">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atypical%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2014048%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6709"><div><strong>Hallucinations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6709</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. These perceptions are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6709">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hallucinations%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206709%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19568"><div><strong>Psychotic disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033975</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19568">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Psychotic%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019568%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11586"><div><strong>Status epilepticus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038220</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Status%20epilepticus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_88371"><div><strong>Self-injurious behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>88371</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085271</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Self-aggression.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Self-injurious%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2088371%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56235"><div><strong>EEG abnormality</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56235</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151611</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56235">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22EEG%20abnormality%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056235%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98406"><div><strong>Hyperactivity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98406</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98406">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperactivity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098406%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_141670"><div><strong>Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141670</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0494475</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/141670">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bilateral%20tonic-clonic%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20141670%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_195967"><div><strong>Hyporeflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>195967</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0700078</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/195967">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyporeflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20195967%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_381392"><div><strong>Motor delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381392">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20381392%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854367"><div><strong>Hyperkinetic movements</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887506</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Motor hyperactivity with excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854367">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperkinetic%20movements%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854367%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892704"><div><strong>Generalized myoclonic seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021759</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A generalized myoclonic seizure is a type of generalized motor seizure characterized by bilateral, sudden, brief (&lt;100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892704">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20myoclonic%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892704%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1385688"><div><strong>Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1385688</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4316903</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A generalized non-motor (absence) seizure is a type of a type of dialeptic seizure that is of electrographically generalized onset. It is a generalized seizure characterized by an interruption of activities, a blank stare, and usually the person will be unresponsive when spoken to. Any ictal motor phenomena are minor in comparison to these non-motor features.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1385688">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20non-motor%20(absence)%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201385688%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1699107"><div><strong>Elevated CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1699107</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5139406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1699107">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20CSF%20gamma-aminobutyric%20acid%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201699107%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1705299"><div><strong>Elevated CSF 4-hydroxybutyric acid concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1705299</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5139407</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1705299">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20CSF%204-hydroxybutyric%20acid%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201705299%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1643920"><div><strong>Elevated circulating gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1643920</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4703619</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in the level of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the blood circulation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1643920">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20gamma-aminobutyric%20acid%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201643920%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1687152"><div><strong>Decreased tissue succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1687152</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5139405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced level of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1687152">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20tissue%20succinic%20semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20activity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201687152%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1864282"><div><strong>Elevated urinary 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid level</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1864282</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5937363</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The amount of 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1864282">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20urinary%203%2C4-Dihydroxybutyric%20acid%20level%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201864282%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1054237"><div><strong>Elevated circulating 4-hydroxybutyric acid concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1054237</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN378343</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Concentration of 4-hydroxybutyric acid in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1054237">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%204-hydroxybutyric%20acid%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201054237%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99227"><div><strong>Abnormality of eye movement</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0497202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality in voluntary or involuntary eye movements or their control.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99227">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20eye%20movement%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099227%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1687152" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased tissue succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1054237" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating 4-hydroxybutyric acid concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1643920" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1864282" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated urinary 3,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid level</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of eye movement</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1697012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated urinary 4-hydroxybutyric acid</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_338585" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in urine</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1375" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aggressive behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anxiety</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_14048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atypical behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_13966" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_141670" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56235" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EEG abnormality</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1705299" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated CSF 4-hydroxybutyric acid concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1699107" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892704" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized myoclonic seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1385688" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6709" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hallucinations</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98406" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperactivity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkinetic movements</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_195967" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyporeflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_381392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Psychotic disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_88371" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Self-injurious behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Status epilepticus</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268631[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=124340">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0268631[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research" ref="ncbi_uid=124340">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=124340" target="_blank" href="/omim/271980">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1195/" ref="ncbi_uid=124340">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=124340" ref="ncbi_uid=124340">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842586" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Gamma-amino butyric acid metabolism disorder">Gamma-amino butyric acid metabolism disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=402&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38452608">Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tokatly Latzer I,
Bertoldi M,
Blau N,
DiBacco ML,
Elsea SH,
García-Cazorla À,
Gibson KM,
Gropman AL,
Hanson E,
Hoffman C,
Jeltsch K,
Juliá-Palacios N,
Knerr I,
Lee HHC,
Malaspina P,
McConnell A,
Opladen T,
Oppebøen M,
Rotenberg A,
Walterfang M,
Wang-Tso L,
Wevers RA,
Roullet JB,
Pearl PL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2024 May;142(1):108363.
Epub 2024 Mar 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108363.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38452608" target="_blank">38452608</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11073920" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23871245">Quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in dried blood spots in newborn screening.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stove CP,
Ingels AS,
Lambert WE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2013 Sep-Oct;110(1-2):195.
Epub 2013 Jun 20
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23871245" target="_blank">23871245</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23867525">Response to Stove and colleagues concerning newborn screening of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency in dried blood spots.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Forni S,
Pearl PL,
Gibson KM,
Yu Y,
Sweetman L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2013 Sep-Oct;110(1-2):196.
Epub 2013 Jul 2
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23867525" target="_blank">23867525</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38581234">Gene replacement therapies for inherited disorders of neurotransmission: Current progress in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee HHC,
Latzer IT,
Bertoldi M,
Gao G,
Pearl PL,
Sahin M,
Rotenberg A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 May;47(3):476-493.
Epub 2024 Apr 6
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12735.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38581234" target="_blank">38581234</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11096052" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34058900">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Measure of Maturational Trajectory of Cortical Excitability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tsuboyama M,
Liu J,
Kaye H,
DiBacco M,
Pearl PL,
Rotenberg A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2021 Nov;36(13-14):1169-1176.
Epub 2021 May 31
doi: 10.1177/08830738211008735.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34058900" target="_blank">34058900</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8630082" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33393837">Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Review of the Natural History Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearl PL,
DiBacco ML,
Papadelis C,
Opladen T,
Hanson E,
Roullet JB,
Gibson KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2021 Nov;36(13-14):1153-1161.
Epub 2021 Jan 4
doi: 10.1177/0883073820981262.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33393837" target="_blank">33393837</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8254814" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22342779">Possible long-term effects of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) due to neurotoxicity and overdose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Amsterdam JG,
Brunt TM,
McMaster MT,
Niesink RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
2012 Apr;36(4):1217-27.
Epub 2012 Feb 10
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22342779" target="_blank">22342779</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19455403">Neuroimaging findings in children with paediatric neurotransmitter diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee WT,
Weng WC,
Peng SF,
Tzen KY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2009 Jun;32(3):361-70.
Epub 2009 May 20
doi: 10.1007/s10545-009-1106-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19455403" target="_blank">19455403</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (25)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38499966">The continuously evolving phenotype of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Julia-Palacios NA,
Kuseyri Hübschmann O,
Olivella M,
Pons R,
Horvath G,
Lücke T,
Fung CW,
Wong SN,
Cortès-Saladelafont E,
Rovira-Remisa MM,
Yıldız Y,
Mercimek-Andrews S,
Assmann B,
Stevanović G,
Manti F,
Brennenstuhl H,
Jung-Klawitter S,
Jeltsch K,
Sivri HS,
Garbade SF,
García-Cazorla À,
Opladen T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 May;47(3):447-462.
Epub 2024 Mar 18
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12723.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38499966" target="_blank">38499966</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38452608">Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tokatly Latzer I,
Bertoldi M,
Blau N,
DiBacco ML,
Elsea SH,
García-Cazorla À,
Gibson KM,
Gropman AL,
Hanson E,
Hoffman C,
Jeltsch K,
Juliá-Palacios N,
Knerr I,
Lee HHC,
Malaspina P,
McConnell A,
Opladen T,
Oppebøen M,
Rotenberg A,
Walterfang M,
Wang-Tso L,
Wevers RA,
Roullet JB,
Pearl PL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2024 May;142(1):108363.
Epub 2024 Mar 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108363.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38452608" target="_blank">38452608</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11073920" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20548048">Head bobbing due to succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">O'Rourke DJ,
Ryan S,
King MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2010 Jun 15;74(24):2025.
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e398cf.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20548048" target="_blank">20548048</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19455403">Neuroimaging findings in children with paediatric neurotransmitter diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee WT,
Weng WC,
Peng SF,
Tzen KY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2009 Jun;32(3):361-70.
Epub 2009 May 20
doi: 10.1007/s10545-009-1106-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19455403" target="_blank">19455403</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18708003">Inherited metabolic diseases in neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kayser MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Pediatr Neurol</span>
2008 Sep;15(3):127-31.
doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2008.05.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18708003" target="_blank">18708003</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (45)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38452608">Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tokatly Latzer I,
Bertoldi M,
Blau N,
DiBacco ML,
Elsea SH,
García-Cazorla À,
Gibson KM,
Gropman AL,
Hanson E,
Hoffman C,
Jeltsch K,
Juliá-Palacios N,
Knerr I,
Lee HHC,
Malaspina P,
McConnell A,
Opladen T,
Oppebøen M,
Rotenberg A,
Walterfang M,
Wang-Tso L,
Wevers RA,
Roullet JB,
Pearl PL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2024 May;142(1):108363.
Epub 2024 Mar 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108363.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38452608" target="_blank">38452608</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11073920" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32093054">Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: An Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Didiášová M,
Banning A,
Brennenstuhl H,
Jung-Klawitter S,
Cinquemani C,
Opladen T,
Tikkanen R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cells</span>
2020 Feb 19;9(2)
doi: 10.3390/cells9020477.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32093054" target="_blank">32093054</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7072817" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29460030">Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, a disorder of GABA metabolism: an update on pharmacological and enzyme-replacement therapeutic strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vogel KR,
Ainslie GR,
Walters DC,
McConnell A,
Dhamne SC,
Rotenberg A,
Roullet JB,
Gibson KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2018 Jul;41(4):699-708.
Epub 2018 Feb 19
doi: 10.1007/s10545-018-0153-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29460030" target="_blank">29460030</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6041169" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22342779">Possible long-term effects of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) due to neurotoxicity and overdose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Amsterdam JG,
Brunt TM,
McMaster MT,
Niesink RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
2012 Apr;36(4):1217-27.
Epub 2012 Feb 10
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22342779" target="_blank">22342779</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17438226">Vigabatrin improves paroxysmal dystonia in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leuzzi V,
Di Sabato ML,
Deodato F,
Rizzo C,
Boenzi S,
Carducci C,
Malaspina P,
Liberanome C,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2007 Apr 17;68(16):1320-1.
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000259537.54082.6d.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17438226" target="_blank">17438226</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38499966">The continuously evolving phenotype of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Julia-Palacios NA,
Kuseyri Hübschmann O,
Olivella M,
Pons R,
Horvath G,
Lücke T,
Fung CW,
Wong SN,
Cortès-Saladelafont E,
Rovira-Remisa MM,
Yıldız Y,
Mercimek-Andrews S,
Assmann B,
Stevanović G,
Manti F,
Brennenstuhl H,
Jung-Klawitter S,
Jeltsch K,
Sivri HS,
Garbade SF,
García-Cazorla À,
Opladen T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 May;47(3):447-462.
Epub 2024 Mar 18
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12723.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38499966" target="_blank">38499966</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34896003">Intestinal Dysbiosis as a component of pathophysiology in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kirby TO,
Shi X,
Walters D,
Roullet JB,
Gibson KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2022 Jan;135(1):42-46.
Epub 2021 Dec 3
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.11.355.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34896003" target="_blank">34896003</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33393837">Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Review of the Natural History Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pearl PL,
DiBacco ML,
Papadelis C,
Opladen T,
Hanson E,
Roullet JB,
Gibson KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2021 Nov;36(13-14):1153-1161.
Epub 2021 Jan 4
doi: 10.1177/0883073820981262.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33393837" target="_blank">33393837</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8254814" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25122112">Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency in a Chinese Boy: A Novel ALDH5A1 Mutation With Severe Phenotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tay CG,
Ariffin H,
Yap S,
Rahmat K,
Sthaneshwar P,
Ong LC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2015 Jun;30(7):927-31.
Epub 2014 Aug 13
doi: 10.1177/0883073814540523.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25122112" target="_blank">25122112</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23825041">A novel ALDH5A1 mutation is associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and severe intellectual disability in an Iranian family.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Püttmann L,
Stehr H,
Garshasbi M,
Hu H,
Kahrizi K,
Lipkowitz B,
Jamali P,
Tzschach A,
Najmabadi H,
Ropers HH,
Musante L,
Kuss AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2013 Aug;161A(8):1915-22.
Epub 2013 Jul 4
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23825041" target="_blank">23825041</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38658850">Clinical and molecular outcomes from the 5-Year natural history study of SSADH Deficiency, a model metabolic neurodevelopmental disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tokatly Latzer I,
Roullet JB,
Afshar-Saber W,
Lee HHC,
Bertoldi M,
McGinty GE,
DiBacco ML,
Arning E,
Tsuboyama M,
Rotenberg A,
Opladen T,
Jeltsch K,
García-Cazorla À,
Juliá-Palacios N,
Gibson KM,
Sahin M,
Pearl PL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurodev Disord</span>
2024 Apr 24;16(1):21.
doi: 10.1186/s11689-024-09538-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38658850" target="_blank">38658850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11044349" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38499966">The continuously evolving phenotype of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Julia-Palacios NA,
Kuseyri Hübschmann O,
Olivella M,
Pons R,
Horvath G,
Lücke T,
Fung CW,
Wong SN,
Cortès-Saladelafont E,
Rovira-Remisa MM,
Yıldız Y,
Mercimek-Andrews S,
Assmann B,
Stevanović G,
Manti F,
Brennenstuhl H,
Jung-Klawitter S,
Jeltsch K,
Sivri HS,
Garbade SF,
García-Cazorla À,
Opladen T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 May;47(3):447-462.
Epub 2024 Mar 18
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12723.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38499966" target="_blank">38499966</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37455357">Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in mice and in humans: An untargeted metabolomics perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peters TMA,
Engelke UFH,
de Boer S,
Reintjes JTG,
Roullet JB,
Broekman S,
de Vrieze E,
van Wijk E,
Wamelink MMC,
Artuch R,
Barić I,
Merx J,
Boltje TJ,
Martens J,
Willemsen MAAP,
Verbeek MM,
Wevers RA,
Gibson KM,
Coene KLM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 May;47(3):417-430.
Epub 2023 Jul 29
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12657.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37455357" target="_blank">37455357</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34058900">Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Measure of Maturational Trajectory of Cortical Excitability.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tsuboyama M,
Liu J,
Kaye H,
DiBacco M,
Pearl PL,
Rotenberg A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2021 Nov;36(13-14):1169-1176.
Epub 2021 May 31
doi: 10.1177/08830738211008735.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34058900" target="_blank">34058900</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8630082" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23825041">A novel ALDH5A1 mutation is associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and severe intellectual disability in an Iranian family.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Püttmann L,
Stehr H,
Garshasbi M,
Hu H,
Kahrizi K,
Lipkowitz B,
Jamali P,
Tzschach A,
Najmabadi H,
Ropers HH,
Musante L,
Kuss AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2013 Aug;161A(8):1915-22.
Epub 2013 Jul 4
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23825041" target="_blank">23825041</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (32)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25431891">Mutation analysis and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese family with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and a systematic review of the literature of reported ALDH5A1 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu N,
Kong XD,
Kan QC,
Shi HR,
Wu QH,
Zhuo ZH,
Bai QL,
Jiang M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Perinat Med</span>
2016 May 1;44(4):441-51.
doi: 10.1515/jpm-2014-0164.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25431891" target="_blank">25431891</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A1%5F1" target="_blank">Analyte (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (38)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;test_type=Research" target="_blank">Research (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (48)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0268631%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (59)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=271980" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=22" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=610045" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=7915[geneid]" target="_blank">View ALDH5A1 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/193290121" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=271980" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Succinic+semialdehyde+dehydrogenase+deficiency/6917" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Succinate-semialdehyde%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/succinic-semialdehyde-dehydrogenase-deficiency" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7695/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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