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<meta name="keywords" content="C0265213, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita distal, arthrogryposis, distal, disease or syndrome, distal arthrogryposis, distal arthrogryposis syndrome, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An inherited primary limb malformation disorder characterized by congenital contractures of two or more different body areas and without primary neurologic and/or muscle disease that affects limb function." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Distal arthrogryposis (Concept Id: C0265213)
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<!--
UID=120512
ConceptID=C0265213
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Distal arthrogryposis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120512</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0265213</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Arthrogryposis, distal</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Distal arthrogryposis (24269006); Distal arthrogryposis syndrome (24269006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-related">Related genes:<img src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div id="target-gene-related" class="display-none">
Gene(s) associated with related conditions. For conditions<br />
in a hierarchy, the parent condition will list the genes<br />
associated with the children conditions.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="/gene/259232">NALCN</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/63895">PIEZO2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/9427">ECEL1</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/7169">TPM2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/7140">TNNT3</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/7136">TNNI2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/4626">MYH8</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/4621">MYH3</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/4604">MYBPC1</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005684">HP:0005684</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019942" target="_blank">MONDO:0019942</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span> Phenotypic series:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS108120" target="_blank">PS108120</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=97120">ORPHA97120</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An inherited primary limb malformation disorder characterized by congenital contractures of two or more different body areas and without primary neurologic and/or muscle disease that affects limb function. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0265213[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=120512">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=120512" ref="ncbi_uid=120512">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Distal arthrogryposis</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=343844" target="_blank" href="/omim/121070">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343844" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=343844&amp;link_uid=343844" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1862472[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=350678">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=350678" target="_blank" href="/omim/108145">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=350678" ref="ncbi_uid=350678">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350678" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=350678&amp;link_uid=350678" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome'">Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1862471[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=350677">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=350677" target="_blank" href="/omim/108200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350677" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=350677&amp;link_uid=350677" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly-sensorineural deafness syndrome'">Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly-sensorineural deafness syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=373169" target="_blank" href="/omim/609128">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373169" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=373169&amp;link_uid=373169" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome'">Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1867440[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=401232">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=401232" target="_blank" href="/omim/160720">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=401232" ref="ncbi_uid=401232">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/401232" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=401232&amp;link_uid=401232" title="View MedGen record for 'Contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome 1A'">Contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome 1A</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=342156" target="_blank" href="/omim/126050">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342156" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=342156&amp;link_uid=342156" title="View MedGen record for 'Digitotalar dysmorphism; ulnar drift, hereditary'">Digitotalar dysmorphism; ulnar drift, hereditary</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0220662[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=113099">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=113099" target="_blank" href="/omim/108120">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=113099" ref="ncbi_uid=113099">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/113099" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=113099&amp;link_uid=113099" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1A'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1A</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3280526[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=482156">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=482156" target="_blank" href="/omim/160794">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=482156" ref="ncbi_uid=482156">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482156" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=482156&amp;link_uid=482156" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=349990" target="_blank" href="/omim/187370">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349990" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=349990&amp;link_uid=349990" title="View MedGen record for 'Distal arthrogryposis type 10'">Distal arthrogryposis type 10</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5193014[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1676961">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1676961" target="_blank" href="/omim/191043">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1676961" ref="ncbi_uid=1676961">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1676961" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1676961&amp;link_uid=1676961" title="View MedGen record for 'Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1'">Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3554415[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=767329">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=767329" target="_blank" href="/omim/605896">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=767329" ref="ncbi_uid=767329">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/767329" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=767329&amp;link_uid=767329" title="View MedGen record for 'Distal arthrogryposis type 5D'">Distal arthrogryposis type 5D</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0220666[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=66314">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=66314" target="_blank" href="/omim/114300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=66314" ref="ncbi_uid=66314">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66314" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=66314&amp;link_uid=66314" title="View MedGen record for 'Gordon syndrome'">Gordon syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0265226[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=78540">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=78540" target="_blank" href="/omim/158300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78540" ref="ncbi_uid=78540">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78540" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=78540&amp;link_uid=78540" title="View MedGen record for 'Hecht syndrome'">Hecht syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1834523[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=320374">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=320374" target="_blank" href="/omim/601680">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=320374" ref="ncbi_uid=320374">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/320374" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=320374&amp;link_uid=320374" title="View MedGen record for 'Sheldon-Hall syndrome'">Sheldon-Hall syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5193097[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1674500">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1674500" target="_blank" href="/omim/600692">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1674500" ref="ncbi_uid=1674500">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1674500" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1674500&amp;link_uid=1674500" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B2'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5193098[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1676839">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1676839" target="_blank" href="/omim/160720">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1676839" ref="ncbi_uid=1676839">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1676839" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1676839&amp;link_uid=1676839" title="View MedGen record for 'Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B3'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4225398[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=907234">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=907234" target="_blank" href="/omim/611549">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=907234" ref="ncbi_uid=907234">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/907234" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=907234&amp;link_uid=907234" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay'">Congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867418" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skeletal system">Abnormality of the skeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868760" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skeletal morphology">Abnormal skeletal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866679" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal tendon morphology">Abnormal tendon morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3228" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Joint contracture">Joint contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83069" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flexion contracture">Flexion contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83066" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital contracture">Congenital contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Distal arthrogryposis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343844" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350678" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome">Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1674099" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis-ectodermal dysplasia-other anomalies syndrome">Arthrogryposis-ectodermal dysplasia-other anomalies syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870719" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly">Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350677" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly-sensorineural deafness syndrome">Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly-sensorineural deafness syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373169" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome">Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/816240" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autism spectrum disorder - epilepsy - arthrogryposis syndrome">Autism spectrum disorder - epilepsy - arthrogryposis syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/67391" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital contractural arachnodactyly">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/907234" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay">Congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/401232" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome 1A">Contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome 1A</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/987924" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Digitotalar dysmorphism">Digitotalar dysmorphism</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342156" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Digitotalar dysmorphism; ulnar drift, hereditary">Digitotalar dysmorphism; ulnar drift, hereditary</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/113099" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1A">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1A</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482156" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349990" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Distal arthrogryposis type 10">Distal arthrogryposis type 10</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1676961" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1">Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/767329" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Distal arthrogryposis type 5D">Distal arthrogryposis type 5D</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/356497" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/120516" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Freeman-Sheldon syndrome">Freeman-Sheldon syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66314" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Gordon syndrome">Gordon syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78540" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hecht syndrome">Hecht syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/400731" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pelvic dysplasia-arthrogryposis of lower limbs syndrome">Pelvic dysplasia-arthrogryposis of lower limbs syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/320374" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sheldon-Hall syndrome">Sheldon-Hall syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1674500" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B2">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B2</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1676839" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B3">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2B3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_66314"><div><strong>Gordon syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66314</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">DA3, or Gordon syndrome, is distinguished from other distal arthrogryposes by short stature and cleft palate (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; There are 2 syndromes with features overlapping those of DA3 that are also caused by heterozygous mutation in PIEZO2: distal arthrogryposis type 5 (DA5; 108145) and Marden-Walker syndrome (MWKS; 248700), which are distinguished by the presence of ocular abnormalities and mental retardation, respectively. McMillin et al. (2014) suggested that the 3 disorders may represent variable expressivity of the same condition.&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1 (108120).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66314">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_67391"><div><strong>Congenital contractural arachnodactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220668</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) appears to comprise a broad phenotypic spectrum. Classic CCA is characterized by arachnodactyly; flexion contractures of multiple joints including elbows, knees, hips, ankles, and/or fingers; kyphoscoliosis (usually progressive); a marfanoid habitus (a long and slender build, dolichostenomelia, pectus deformity, muscular hypoplasia, highly arched palate); and abnormal "crumpled" ears. At the mildest end, parents who are diagnosed retrospectively upon evaluation of their more severely affected child may show a lean body build, mild arachnodactyly, mild contractures without impairment, and minor ear abnormalities. At the most severe end is "severe CCA with cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal anomalies," a rare phenotype in infants with pronounced features of CCA (severe crumpling of the ears, arachnodactyly, contractures, congenital scoliosis, and/or hypotonia) and severe cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal anomalies. Phenotypic expression can vary within and between families.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67391">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78540"><div><strong>Hecht syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265226</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is a distal arthrogryposis characterized by an inability to open the mouth fully (trismus) and pseudocamptodactyly in which wrist dorsiflexion, but not volar flexion, produces involuntary flexion contracture of distal and proximal interphalangeal joints. In these patients, trismus complicates dental care, feeding during infancy, and intubation for anesthesia, and the pseudocamptodactyly impairs manual dexterity, with consequent occupational and social disability (summary by Veugelers et al., 2004).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373169"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis type 4 (DA4) is distinguished by the presence of scoliosis (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1 (108120).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373169">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_332400"><div><strong>Carney complex - trismus - pseudocamptodactyly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332400</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837245</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carney complex-trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is a rare genetic heart-hand syndrome characterized by typical manifestations of the Carney complex (spotty pigmentation of the skin, familial cardiac and cutaneous myxomas and endocrinopathy) associated with trismus and distal arthrogryposis (presenting as involuntary contraction of distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of hands evident only on dorsiflexion of wrist and similar lower-limb contractures producing foot deformities).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332400">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343844"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343844</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1852597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343844">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344290"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344290</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854469</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one fourth of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability, and language impairments in general are more common in NS than in the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344290">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349990"><div><strong>Distal arthrogryposis type 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349990</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861238</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic distal arthrogryposis syndrome with characteristics of plantar flexion contractures typically presenting with toe-walking in infancy, variably associated with milder contractures of the hip, elbow, wrist and finger joints. No ocular or neurological abnormalities are associated and serum creatine phosphokinase levels are normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349990">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350678"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862472</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis type 5 is distinguished from other forms of DA by the presence of ocular abnormalities, typically ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and/or strabismus, in addition to contractures of the skeletal muscles. Some cases have been reported to have pulmonary hypertension as a result of restrictive lung disease (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; There are 2 syndromes with features overlapping those of DA5 that are also caused by heterozygous mutation in PIEZO2: distal arthrogryposis type 3 (DA3, or Gordon syndrome; 114300) and Marden-Walker syndrome (MWKS; 248700), which are distinguished by the presence of cleft palate and mental retardation, respectively. McMillin et al. (2014) suggested that the 3 disorders might represent variable expressivity of the same condition.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1A (108120).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Distal Arthrogryposis 5&#13; A subtype of DA5 due to mutation in the ECEL1 gene (605896) on chromosome 2q36 has been designated DA5D (615065). See NOMENCLATURE.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350678">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400801"><div><strong>Desmosterolosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400801</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865596</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and elevated levels of the cholesterol precursor desmosterol in plasma, tissue, and cultured cells (summary by Waterham et al., 2001).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400801">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356497"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356497</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Other types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have additional signs and symptoms. The cardiac-valvular type causes severe problems with the valves that control the movement of blood through the heart. People with the kyphoscoliotic type experience severe curvature of the spine that worsens over time and can interfere with breathing by restricting lung expansion. A type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome called brittle cornea syndrome is characterized by thinness of the clear covering of the eye (the cornea) and other eye abnormalities. The spondylodysplastic type features short stature and skeletal abnormalities such as abnormally curved (bowed) limbs. Abnormalities of muscles, including hypotonia and permanently bent joints (contractures), are among the characteristic signs of the musculocontractural and myopathic forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The periodontal type causes abnormalities of the teeth and gums.\n\nBleeding problems are common in the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and are caused by unpredictable tearing (rupture) of blood vessels and organs. These complications can lead to easy bruising, internal bleeding, a hole in the wall of the intestine (intestinal perforation), or stroke. During pregnancy, women with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may experience rupture of the uterus. Additional forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that involve rupture of the blood vessels include the kyphoscoliotic, classical, and classical-like types.\n\nMany people with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes have soft, velvety skin that is highly stretchy (elastic) and fragile. Affected individuals tend to bruise easily, and some types of the condition also cause abnormal scarring. People with the classical form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience wounds that split open with little bleeding and leave scars that widen over time to create characteristic "cigarette paper" scars. The dermatosparaxis type of the disorder is characterized by loose skin that sags and wrinkles, and extra (redundant) folds of skin may be present.\n\nAn unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility) occurs in most forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and it is a hallmark feature of the hypermobile type. Infants and children with hypermobility often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), which can delay the development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking. The loose joints are unstable and prone to dislocation and chronic pain. In the arthrochalasia type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infants have hypermobility and dislocations of both hips at birth.\n\nThe various forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been classified in several different ways. Originally, 11 forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were named using Roman numerals to indicate the types (type I, type II, and so on). In 1997, researchers proposed a simpler classification (the Villefranche nomenclature) that reduced the number of types to six and gave them descriptive names based on their major features. In 2017, the classification was updated to include rare forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that were identified more recently. The 2017 classification describes 13 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.\n\nEhlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues supporting the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues. Defects in connective tissues cause the signs and symptoms of these conditions, which range from mildly loose joints to life-threatening complications.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356497">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370808"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370808</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1970011</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J (CMT4J) is an autosomal recessive progressive neurologic disorder with a highly variable phenotype and onset ranging from early childhood to adulthood. Most patients have both proximal and distal asymmetric muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs. There is significant motor dysfunction, followed by variably progressive sensory loss, which may be mild. Nerve conduction studies and nerve biopsies indicate demyelination as well as axonal loss (summary by Nicholson et al., 2011).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, see CMT4A (214400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370808">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482156"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482156</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280526</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482156">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766960"><div><strong>Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554046</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-4 (LCCS4) is a severe form of neuromuscular arthrogryposis characterized by contractures leading to various degrees of flexion or extension limitations evident at birth (Markus et al., 2012).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of LCCS, see LCCS1 (253310).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766960">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_896058"><div><strong>Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896058</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225385</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-8 (LCCS8), an axoglial form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, is characterized by congenital distal joint contractures, reduced fetal movements, and severe motor paralysis leading to death early in the neonatal period (Laquerriere et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, see LCCS1 (253310).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896058">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_894160"><div><strong>Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>894160</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225386</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-7, an axoglial form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), is characterized by congenital distal joint contractures, polyhydramnios, reduced fetal movements, and severe motor paralysis leading to death early in the neonatal period (Laquerriere et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, see LCCS1 (253310).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/894160">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934637"><div><strong>Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934637</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310670</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-11 (LCCS11) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple flexion and extension joint contractures resulting from reduced or absent fetal movements (Maluenda et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, see LCCS1 (253310).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934637">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1373185"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 1, neurogenic, with myelin defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1373185</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479539</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">AMC1 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder with onset in utero. Most affected individuals die in utero or are subject to pregnancy termination because of lack of fetal movements and prenatal evidence of contractures of virtually all joints. Those who survive have generalized contractures and hypotonia. The disorder is caused by a neurogenic defect and poor or absent myelin formation around peripheral nerves rather than by a muscular defect (summary by Xue et al., 2017).&#13; &lt;Genetic Heterogeneity of Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita&#13; Also see AMC2 (208100), caused by mutation in the ERGIC1 gene (617946); AMC3 (618484), caused by mutation in the SYNE1 gene (608441); AMC4 (618776), caused by mutation in the SCYL2 gene (616365); AMC5 (618947), caused by mutation in the TOR1A gene (605204), AMC6 (619334), caused by mutation in the NEB gene (161650), and AMC7 (301127), caused by mutation in the THOC2 gene (300395).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1373185">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1375401"><div><strong>Gabriele de Vries syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375401</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479652</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gabriele-de Vries syndrome is characterized by mild-to-profound developmental delay / intellectual disability (DD/ID) in all affected individuals and a wide spectrum of functional and morphologic abnormalities. Intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight and feeding difficulties are common. Congenital brain, eye, heart, kidney, genital, and/or skeletal system anomalies have also been reported. About half of affected individuals have neurologic manifestations, including hypotonia and gait abnormalities. Behavioral issues can include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, autism or autistic behavior, and schizoaffective disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1375401">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1642659"><div><strong>Hyperekplexia 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642659</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693933</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperekplexia-4 is an autosomal recessive severe neurologic disorder apparent at birth. Affected infants have extreme hypertonia and appear stiff and rigid. They have little if any development, poor or absent visual contact, and no spontaneous movement, consistent with an encephalopathy. Some patients have early-onset refractory seizures, and many have inguinal or umbilical hernia. Most patients die in the first months of life due to respiratory failure or other complications (summary by Piard et al., 2018).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyperekplexia, see HKPX1 (149400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642659">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648337"><div><strong>Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 24, presynaptic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748684</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648337">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648322"><div><strong>Trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748898</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome is a complex multisystem disorder characterized by woolly or coarse hair, liver dysfunction, pruritus, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and severe global developmental delay (Morimoto et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648322">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1676961"><div><strong>Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1676961</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by clenched fist, overlapping fingers, camptodactyly, ulnar deviation, and positional foot deformities from birth. It is a disorder of primary limb malformation without primary neurologic or muscle disease. DA1 is not associated with other abnormalities, whereas other forms of DA have additional phenotypic features (Bamshad et al., 1996). The congenital contractures in DA2B (Sheldon-Hall syndrome, SHS) are similar to those observed in DA1, but affected individuals tend to have more prominent nasolabial folds, downslanting palpebral fissures, and a small mouth. DA2B is thought to be the most common of the distal arthrogryposis disorders (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1 (108120).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1676961">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1764743"><div><strong>Myopathy, congenital, with diaphragmatic defects, respiratory insufficiency, and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1764743</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436530</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital myopathy-17 (CMYO17) is an autosomal recessive muscle disorder. Affected individuals present at birth with hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency associated with high diaphragmatic dome on imaging. Other features include poor overall growth, pectus excavatum, dysmorphic facies, and renal anomalies in some. The severity of the disorder is highly variable: some patients may have delayed motor development with mildly decreased endurance, whereas others have more severe hypotonia associated with distal arthrogryposis and lung hypoplasia, resulting in early death (summary by Watson et al., 2016 and Lopes et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1764743">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1799985"><div><strong>Neonatal encephalomyopathy-cardiomyopathy-respiratory distress syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1799985</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5568562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction. Most patients have onset of severe cardiac or neurologic symptoms soon after birth, usually resulting in death. Rare patients may have later onset with a more protracted course. Tissue samples from affected individuals show decreased levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (summary by Brea-Calvo et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency, see COQ10D1 (607426).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1799985">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1803456"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1803456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676965</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities (NEDNMS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy or early childhood. The severity of the disorder is highly variable. Affected individuals show impaired intellectual development and motor delay associated with either severe hypotonia or hypertonia and spasticity. Most affected individuals have skeletal defects and dysmorphic facial features. Some may have ocular or auditory problems, peripheral neuropathy, behavioral abnormalities, and nonspecific findings on brain imaging (Kurolap et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1803456">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823974"><div><strong>Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823974</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774201</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive distal hereditary motor neuronopathy-6 (HMNR6) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by onset of distal muscle weakness in early infancy. Affected individuals often present at birth with distal joint contractures or foot deformities and show delayed motor development, often with inability to walk or frequent falls. Hypo- or hyperreflexia may be observed; limb muscle atrophy may also be present. Patients often show respiratory distress or diaphragmatic palsy. Electrophysiologic studies are consistent with a peripheral motor neuropathy without sensory involvement (Maroofian et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive distal HMN, see HMNR1 (604320).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823974">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1373185" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 1, neurogenic, with myelin defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482156" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343844" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis, distal, type 2E</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350678" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis-severe scoliosis syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (27)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_332400" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Carney complex - trismus - pseudocamptodactyly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370808" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_67391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400801" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Desmosterolosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349990" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distal arthrogryposis type 10</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1676961" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distal arthrogryposis type 2B1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356497" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, musculocontractural type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1375401" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gabriele de Vries syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_66314" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gordon syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78540" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hecht syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1642659" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperekplexia 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934637" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_894160" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_896058" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 24, presynaptic</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1764743" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopathy, congenital, with diaphragmatic defects, respiratory insufficiency, and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1799985" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neonatal encephalomyopathy-cardiomyopathy-respiratory distress syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1803456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344290" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823974" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Trichohepatoneurodevelopmental syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33060286">Neurogenetic fetal akinesia and arthrogryposis: genetics, expanding genotype-phenotypes and functional genomics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ravenscroft G,
Clayton JS,
Faiz F,
Sivadorai P,
Milnes D,
Cincotta R,
Moon P,
Kamien B,
Edwards M,
Delatycki M,
Lamont PJ,
Chan SH,
Colley A,
Ma A,
Collins F,
Hennington L,
Zhao T,
McGillivray G,
Ghedia S,
Chao K,
O'Donnell-Luria A,
Laing NG,
Davis MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2021 Sep;58(9):609-618.
Epub 2020 Oct 15
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106901.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33060286" target="_blank">33060286</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8328565" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25256237">Genotype-phenotype relationships in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beck AE,
McMillin MJ,
Gildersleeve HI,
Shively KM,
Tang A,
Bamshad MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2014 Nov;164A(11):2808-13.
Epub 2014 Sep 25
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36762.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25256237" target="_blank">25256237</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3287922">Prenatal diagnosis of distal arthrogryposis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baty BJ,
Cubberley D,
Morris C,
Carey J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
1988 Mar;29(3):501-10.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320290305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3287922" target="_blank">3287922</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22distal%20arthrogryposis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36863687">Management and survival of foetuses with trisomy 18 in a French retrospective cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bouzaglou A,
Dumery G,
Letourneau A,
Benachi A,
Vivanti AJ,
Cordier AG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod</span>
2023 Apr;52(4):102565.
Epub 2023 Mar 1
doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102565.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36863687" target="_blank">36863687</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28594686">Genetics and Classifications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall JG,
Kimber E,
van Bosse HJP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
2017 Jul/Aug;37 Suppl 1:S4-S8.
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000997.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28594686" target="_blank">28594686</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25256237">Genotype-phenotype relationships in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beck AE,
McMillin MJ,
Gildersleeve HI,
Shively KM,
Tang A,
Bamshad MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2014 Nov;164A(11):2808-13.
Epub 2014 Sep 25
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36762.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25256237" target="_blank">25256237</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24829975">Anesthetic considerations in Sheldon-Hall syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anderson TA,
Kasser JR,
Holzman RS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2014 May;24(5):538-40.
doi: 10.1111/pan.12303.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24829975" target="_blank">24829975</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17434305">Hereditary myosin myopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oldfors A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2007 May;17(5):355-67.
Epub 2007 Apr 16
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.02.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17434305" target="_blank">17434305</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Distal%20arthrogryposis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (87)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36863687">Management and survival of foetuses with trisomy 18 in a French retrospective cohort.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bouzaglou A,
Dumery G,
Letourneau A,
Benachi A,
Vivanti AJ,
Cordier AG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod</span>
2023 Apr;52(4):102565.
Epub 2023 Mar 1
doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102565.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36863687" target="_blank">36863687</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33321243">Amyoplasia and distal arthrogryposis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Griffet J,
Dieterich K,
Bourg V,
Bourgeois E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orthop Traumatol Surg Res</span>
2021 Feb;107(1S):102781.
Epub 2020 Dec 13
doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.102781.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33321243" target="_blank">33321243</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33060286">Neurogenetic fetal akinesia and arthrogryposis: genetics, expanding genotype-phenotypes and functional genomics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ravenscroft G,
Clayton JS,
Faiz F,
Sivadorai P,
Milnes D,
Cincotta R,
Moon P,
Kamien B,
Edwards M,
Delatycki M,
Lamont PJ,
Chan SH,
Colley A,
Ma A,
Collins F,
Hennington L,
Zhao T,
McGillivray G,
Ghedia S,
Chao K,
O'Donnell-Luria A,
Laing NG,
Davis MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2021 Sep;58(9):609-618.
Epub 2020 Oct 15
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106901.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33060286" target="_blank">33060286</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8328565" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30630514">Freeman-Burian syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poling MI,
Dufresne CR,
Chamberlain RL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2019 Jan 10;14(1):14.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0984-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30630514" target="_blank">30630514</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6327538" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19309503">Sheldon-Hall syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toydemir RM,
Bamshad MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2009 Mar 23;4:11.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-4-11.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19309503" target="_blank">19309503</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2663550" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Distal%20arthrogryposis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (117)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28264711">Findings, phenotypes, and outcomes in Freeman-Sheldon and Sheldon-Hall syndromes and distal arthrogryposis types 1 and 3: protocol for systematic review and patient-level data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poling MI,
Morales Corado JA,
Chamberlain RL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Syst Rev</span>
2017 Mar 6;6(1):46.
doi: 10.1186/s13643-017-0444-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28264711" target="_blank">28264711</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5339949" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28099287">Anesthetic Outcomes of Children With Arthrogryposis Syndromes: No Evidence of Hyperthermia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gleich SJ,
Tien M,
Schroeder DR,
Hanson AC,
Flick R,
Nemergut ME</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Anesth Analg</span>
2017 Mar;124(3):908-914.
doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001822.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28099287" target="_blank">28099287</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24829975">Anesthetic considerations in Sheldon-Hall syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anderson TA,
Kasser JR,
Holzman RS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2014 May;24(5):538-40.
doi: 10.1111/pan.12303.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24829975" target="_blank">24829975</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17385787">Prenatal diagnosis of Harlequin ichthyosis presenting as distal arthrogryposis using three-dimensional ultrasound.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holden S,
Ahuja S,
Ogilvy-Stuart A,
Firth HV,
Lees C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2007 Jun;27(6):566-7.
doi: 10.1002/pd.1727.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17385787" target="_blank">17385787</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8268731">Arthrogryposis multiplex in a newborn of a myasthenic mother--case report and literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dinger J,
Prager B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
1993 Jul;3(4):335-9.
doi: 10.1016/0960-8966(93)90027-h.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8268731" target="_blank">8268731</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Distal%20arthrogryposis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38438057">Compound heterozygous variants in MYBPC1 lead to severe distal arthrogryposis type-1 manifestations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iyer A,
Lauerova B,
Mariano J,
Haberlová J,
Lassuthova P,
Zidkova J,
Wright NT,
Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
2024 Jun 5;910:148339.
Epub 2024 Mar 2
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148339.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38438057" target="_blank">38438057</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10981553" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35052370">Clinical and Genetic Findings in a Series of Eight Families with Arthrogryposis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pollazzon M,
Caraffi SG,
Faccioli S,
Rosato S,
Fodstad H,
Campos-Xavier B,
Soncini E,
Comitini G,
Frattini D,
Grimaldi T,
Marinelli M,
Martorana D,
Percesepe A,
Sassi S,
Fusco C,
Gargano G,
Superti-Furga A,
Garavelli L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2021 Dec 23;13(1)
doi: 10.3390/genes13010029.
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alesi V,
Sessini F,
Genovese S,
Calvieri G,
Sallicandro E,
Ciocca L,
Mingoia M,
Novelli A,
Moi P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2021 Feb 20;22(4)
doi: 10.3390/ijms22042106.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33558124">Homozygous intronic variants in TPM2 cause recessively inherited Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome and congenital myopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schirwani S,
Sarkozy A,
Phadke R,
Childs AM,
Mein R,
Ismail A,
Smith A,
Muntoni F,
Hobson E,
Pysden K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuromuscul Disord</span>
2021 Apr;31(4):359-366.
Epub 2020 Oct 3
doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.09.033.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12592607">Mutations in genes encoding fast-twitch contractile proteins cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sung SS,
Brassington AM,
Grannatt K,
Rutherford A,
Whitby FG,
Krakowiak PA,
Jorde LB,
Carey JC,
Bamshad M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2003 Mar;72(3):681-90.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38438057">Compound heterozygous variants in MYBPC1 lead to severe distal arthrogryposis type-1 manifestations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iyer A,
Lauerova B,
Mariano J,
Haberlová J,
Lassuthova P,
Zidkova J,
Wright NT,
Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
2024 Jun 5;910:148339.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38278647">Clinical and molecular characteristics of 26 fetuses with lethal multiple congenital contractures.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Turgut GT,
Altunoglu U,
Gulec C,
Sarac Sivrikoz T,
Kalaycı T,
Toksoy G,
Avcı Ş,
Yıldırım BT,
Sayın GY,
Kalelioglu IH,
Karaman B,
Has R,
Başaran S,
Yuksel A,
Kayserili H,
Uyguner ZO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2024 Jun;105(6):596-610.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33060286">Neurogenetic fetal akinesia and arthrogryposis: genetics, expanding genotype-phenotypes and functional genomics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ravenscroft G,
Clayton JS,
Faiz F,
Sivadorai P,
Milnes D,
Cincotta R,
Moon P,
Kamien B,
Edwards M,
Delatycki M,
Lamont PJ,
Chan SH,
Colley A,
Ma A,
Collins F,
Hennington L,
Zhao T,
McGillivray G,
Ghedia S,
Chao K,
O'Donnell-Luria A,
Laing NG,
Davis MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2021 Sep;58(9):609-618.
Epub 2020 Oct 15
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106901.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33060286" target="_blank">33060286</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8328565" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30630514">Freeman-Burian syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poling MI,
Dufresne CR,
Chamberlain RL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2019 Jan 10;14(1):14.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0984-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30630514" target="_blank">30630514</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6327538" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29805041">Recessive Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis Syndrome Due to Compound Heterozygosity for Variants in MYH3.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cameron-Christie SR,
Wells CF,
Simon M,
Wessels M,
Tang CZN,
Wei W,
Takei R,
Aarts-Tesselaar C,
Sandaradura S,
Sillence DO,
Cordier MP,
Veenstra-Knol HE,
Cassina M,
Ludwig K,
Trevisson E,
Bahlo M,
Markie DM,
Jenkins ZA,
Robertson SP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2018 Jun 7;102(6):1115-1125.
Epub 2018 May 24
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29805041" target="_blank">29805041</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5992117" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Distal%20arthrogryposis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (67)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0265213%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (9)</a></li>
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