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<meta name="keywords" content="C0238357, adynamia episodica hereditaria, adynamia episodica hereditaria with or without myotonia, disease or syndrome, disease, gamstorp, familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (disorder) [ambiguous], familial hyperpp, gamstorp disease, gamstorp episodic adynamy, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, familial, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, type 2, hyperkalemic pp, hyperkpp, hyperpp, hypp, myotonic periodic paralysis, normokalemic periodic paralysis, potassium-sensitive, paralysis, hyperkalemic periodic, paralysis, periodic, hyperkalemic, familial, periodic hyperkalemic paralysis, periodic paralysis ii, primary hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, primary hyperpp, scn4a, sodium channel muscle disease, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP) is characterized by attacks of flaccid limb weakness (which may also include weakness of the muscles of the eyes, throat, breathing muscles, and trunk), hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration >5 mmol/L) or an increase of serum potassium concentration of at least 1.5 mmol/L during an attack of weakness and/or provoking/worsening of an attack by oral potassium intake, normal serum potassium between attacks, and onset before age 20 years. In approximately half of affected individuals, attacks of flaccid muscle weakness begin in the first decade of life, with 25% reporting their first attack at age ten years or older. Initially infrequent, the attacks then increase in frequency and severity over time until approximately age 50 years, after which the frequency of attacks declines considerably. The major attack trigger is eating potassium-rich foods; other triggers include: cold environment; rest after exercise, stress, or fatigue; alcohol; hunger; and changes in activity level. A spontaneous attack commonly starts in the morning before breakfast, lasts for 15 minutes to one hour, and then passes. Individuals with hyperPP frequently have myotonia (muscle stiffness), especially around the time of an episode of weakness. Paramyotonia (muscle stiffness aggravated by cold and exercise) is present in about 45% of affected individuals. More than 80% of individuals with hyperPP older than age 40 years report permanent muscle weakness and about one third develop a chronic progressive myopathy." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=68665
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||
ConceptID=C0238357
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis<span class="h1sub">(HYPP)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68665</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0238357</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis; Gamstorp disease</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (304737009); Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (304737009); Adynamia episodica hereditaria (304737009); Gamstorp disease (304737009); Periodic paralysis II (304737009)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="SCN4A - ID: 6329 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/6329" class="medgenPMinfo">SCN4A</a> (17q23.3)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007215">HP:0007215</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008224" target="_blank">MONDO:0008224</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/170500" target="_blank">170500</a></td></tr>
|
||
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1496" target="_blank">Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis</a></div><div>Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP) is characterized by attacks of flaccid limb weakness (which may also include weakness of the muscles of the eyes, throat, breathing muscles, and trunk), hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration >5 mmol/L) or an increase of serum potassium concentration of at least 1.5 mmol/L during an attack of weakness and/or provoking/worsening of an attack by oral potassium intake, normal serum potassium between attacks, and onset before age 20 years. In approximately half of affected individuals, attacks of flaccid muscle weakness begin in the first decade of life, with 25% reporting their first attack at age ten years or older. Initially infrequent, the attacks then increase in frequency and severity over time until approximately age 50 years, after which the frequency of attacks declines considerably. The major attack trigger is eating potassium-rich foods; other triggers include: cold environment; rest after exercise, stress, or fatigue; alcohol; hunger; and changes in activity level. A spontaneous attack commonly starts in the morning before breakfast, lasts for 15 minutes to one hour, and then passes. Individuals with hyperPP frequently have myotonia (muscle stiffness), especially around the time of an episode of weakness. Paramyotonia (muscle stiffness aggravated by cold and exercise) is present in about 45% of affected individuals. More than 80% of individuals with hyperPP older than age 40 years report permanent muscle weakness and about one third develop a chronic progressive myopathy. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Summary" target="NBK1496">Summary</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Diagnosis" target="NBK1496">Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1496">Clinical Characteristics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Dis" target="NBK1496">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1496">Differential Diagnosis</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Management" target="NBK1496">Management</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1496">Genetic Counseling</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Resources" target="NBK1496">Resources</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1496">Molecular Genetics</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1496">Chapter Notes</a> | <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1496#hyper-pp.References" target="NBK1496">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
|
||
Frank Weber <a href="/books/NBK1496" target="NBK1496" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis">view full author information</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness or paralysis, usually beginning in infancy or early childhood. Most often, these episodes involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Episodes tend to increase in frequency until mid-adulthood, after which they occur less frequently in many people with the condition. Factors that can trigger attacks include rest after exercise, potassium-rich foods such as bananas and potatoes, stress, fatigue, alcohol, pregnancy, exposure to hot or cold temperatures, certain medications, and periods without food (fasting). Muscle strength usually returns to normal between attacks, although many affected people continue to experience mild stiffness (myotonia), particularly in muscles of the face and hands.<br /><br />Most people with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis have increased levels of potassium in their blood (hyperkalemia) during attacks. Hyperkalemia results when the weak or paralyzed muscles release potassium ions into the bloodstream. In other cases, attacks are associated with normal blood potassium levels (normokalemia). Ingesting potassium can trigger attacks in affected individuals, even if blood potassium levels do not go up. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperkalemic-periodic-paralysis">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hyperkalemic-periodic-paralysis</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68665"><div><strong>Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68665</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0238357</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP) is characterized by attacks of flaccid limb weakness (which may also include weakness of the muscles of the eyes, throat, breathing muscles, and trunk), hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration >5 mmol/L) or an increase of serum potassium concentration of at least 1.5 mmol/L during an attack of weakness and/or provoking/worsening of an attack by oral potassium intake, normal serum potassium between attacks, and onset before age 20 years. In approximately half of affected individuals, attacks of flaccid muscle weakness begin in the first decade of life, with 25% reporting their first attack at age ten years or older. Initially infrequent, the attacks then increase in frequency and severity over time until approximately age 50 years, after which the frequency of attacks declines considerably. The major attack trigger is eating potassium-rich foods; other triggers include: cold environment; rest after exercise, stress, or fatigue; alcohol; hunger; and changes in activity level. A spontaneous attack commonly starts in the morning before breakfast, lasts for 15 minutes to one hour, and then passes. Individuals with hyperPP frequently have myotonia (muscle stiffness), especially around the time of an episode of weakness. Paramyotonia (muscle stiffness aggravated by cold and exercise) is present in about 45% of affected individuals. More than 80% of individuals with hyperPP older than age 40 years report permanent muscle weakness and about one third develop a chronic progressive myopathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68665">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068665%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_675119"><div><strong>Myotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>675119</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0700153</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An involuntary and painless delay in the relaxation of skeletal muscle following contraction or electrical stimulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/675119">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20675119%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_871107"><div><strong>Episodic flaccid weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>871107</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4025572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Recurrent episodes of muscle flaccidity, a type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes soft and yields to passive stretching.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/871107">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Episodic%20flaccid%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20871107%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5691"><div><strong>Hyperkalemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5691</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0020461</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased potassium concentration in the blood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5691">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperkalemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205691%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_358322"><div><strong>Hyperkalemia while symptomatic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1868442</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased concentration of potassium in the blood circulation specifically measured during a disease flareup, attack, or exacerbation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358322">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperkalemia%20while%20symptomatic%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20358322%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5691" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkalemia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_358322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkalemia while symptomatic</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_871107" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Episodic flaccid weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_675119" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68665" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0238357[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=68665">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=68665" target="_blank" href="/omim/170500">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1496/" ref="ncbi_uid=68665">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=68665" ref="ncbi_uid=68665">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14319" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities">Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/181981" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn genetic diseases">Inborn genetic diseases</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6323" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn errors of metabolism">Inborn errors of metabolism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inborn metal metabolism disorder">Inborn metal metabolism disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18291" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Familial periodic paralysis">Familial periodic paralysis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&data_id=156&PatId=212&search=Disease_Classif_Simple&new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_68665"><div><strong>Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68665</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0238357</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperPP) is characterized by attacks of flaccid limb weakness (which may also include weakness of the muscles of the eyes, throat, breathing muscles, and trunk), hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration >5 mmol/L) or an increase of serum potassium concentration of at least 1.5 mmol/L during an attack of weakness and/or provoking/worsening of an attack by oral potassium intake, normal serum potassium between attacks, and onset before age 20 years. In approximately half of affected individuals, attacks of flaccid muscle weakness begin in the first decade of life, with 25% reporting their first attack at age ten years or older. Initially infrequent, the attacks then increase in frequency and severity over time until approximately age 50 years, after which the frequency of attacks declines considerably. The major attack trigger is eating potassium-rich foods; other triggers include: cold environment; rest after exercise, stress, or fatigue; alcohol; hunger; and changes in activity level. A spontaneous attack commonly starts in the morning before breakfast, lasts for 15 minutes to one hour, and then passes. Individuals with hyperPP frequently have myotonia (muscle stiffness), especially around the time of an episode of weakness. Paramyotonia (muscle stiffness aggravated by cold and exercise) is present in about 45% of affected individuals. More than 80% of individuals with hyperPP older than age 40 years report permanent muscle weakness and about one third develop a chronic progressive myopathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68665">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_327088"><div><strong>Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>327088</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1840389</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is characterized by hyperkalemia despite normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and frequently by hypertension. Other associated findings in both children and adults include hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. Aldosterone levels are variable, but are relatively low given the degree of hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium is a potent stimulus for aldosterone secretion). Hypercalciuria is well described.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/327088">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_68665" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_327088" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2A</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33646174">The Role of Nutrition and Physical Activity as Trigger Factors of Paralytic Attacks in Primary Periodic Paralysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Welland NL,
|
||
Hæstad H,
|
||
Fossmo HL,
|
||
Giltvedt K,
|
||
Ørstavik K,
|
||
Nordstrøm M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuromuscul Dis</span>
|
||
2021;8(4):457-468.
|
||
doi: 10.3233/JND-200604.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33646174" target="_blank">33646174</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8385530" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18254068">Treatment for periodic paralysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sansone V,
|
||
Meola G,
|
||
Links TP,
|
||
Panzeri M,
|
||
Rose MR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2008 Jan 23;(1):CD005045.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005045.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18254068" target="_blank">18254068</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18067134">Differential diagnosis of myotonic disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miller TM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Muscle Nerve</span>
|
||
2008 Mar;37(3):293-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mus.20923.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18067134" target="_blank">18067134</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39174243">Pediatric neuromuscular channelopathies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vivekanandam V,
|
||
Munot P,
|
||
Jayaseelan DL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2024;203:111-122.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90820-7.00011-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39174243" target="_blank">39174243</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29478596">Periodic paralysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fialho D,
|
||
Griggs RC,
|
||
Matthews E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2018;148:505-520.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64076-5.00032-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29478596" target="_blank">29478596</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23177040">Electrodiagnosis of myotonic disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hehir MK,
|
||
Logigian EL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</span>
|
||
2013 Feb;24(1):209-20.
|
||
Epub 2012 Oct 16
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2012.08.015.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23177040" target="_blank">23177040</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19472919">Diagnostics and therapy of muscle channelopathies--Guidelines of the Ulm Muscle Centre.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lehmann-Horn F,
|
||
Jurkat-Rott K,
|
||
Rüdel R;
|
||
Ulm Muscle Centre</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Myol</span>
|
||
2008 Dec;27(3):98-113.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19472919" target="_blank">19472919</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2858942" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18351527">Muscle channelopathies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saperstein DS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Neurol</span>
|
||
2008 Apr;28(2):260-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1062262.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18351527" target="_blank">18351527</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (34)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37562884">Muscle channelopathies.</a></div>
|
||
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Fontaine B,
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Hanna MG,
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Johnson NE,
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Kissel JT,
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Sansone VA,
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Shieh PB,
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Tawil RN,
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Trivedi J,
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Cannon SC,
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Griggs RC</span><br />
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1659948">Identification of a mutation in the gene causing hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ptácek LJ,
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George AL Jr,
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Griggs RC,
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Tawil R,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14237771">HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS. A GENETIC STUDY, CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, AND REPORT OF A NEW METHOD OF THERAPY.</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (20)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28561926">Quantitative sonographic assessment of myotonia.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abraham A,
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Breiner A,
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Barnett C,
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doi: 10.1002/mus.25714.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28561926" target="_blank">28561926</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12420087">Skeletal muscle channelopathies.</a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jurkat-Rott K,
|
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Lerche H,
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Lehmann-Horn F</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
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2002 Nov;249(11):1493-502.
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doi: 10.1007/s00415-002-0871-5.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12420087" target="_blank">12420087</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11898585">Periodic paralysis: understanding channelopathies.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lehmann-Horn F,
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Jurkat-Rott K,
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Rüdel R</span><br />
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1659948">Identification of a mutation in the gene causing hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ptácek LJ,
|
||
George AL Jr,
|
||
Griggs RC,
|
||
Tawil R,
|
||
Kallen RG,
|
||
Barchi RL,
|
||
Robertson M,
|
||
Leppert MF</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell</span>
|
||
1991 Nov 29;67(5):1021-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90374-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1659948" target="_blank">1659948</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14237771">HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS. A GENETIC STUDY, CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, AND REPORT OF A NEW METHOD OF THERAPY.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">SAMAHA FJ</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
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1965 Feb;12:145-54.
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doi: 10.1001/archneur.1965.00460260035004.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14237771" target="_blank">14237771</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18254068">Treatment for periodic paralysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sansone V,
|
||
Meola G,
|
||
Links TP,
|
||
Panzeri M,
|
||
Rose MR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2008 Jan 23;(1):CD005045.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005045.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18254068" target="_blank">18254068</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
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||
|
||
</div>
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||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
|
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<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (33)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (2)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (3)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (38)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (7)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0238357%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (47)</a></total></li>
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||
</ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=170500" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hyperkalemic%20periodic%20paralysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_omim&from_uid=68665" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (OMIM)</a>
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<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67ca7491a68b6b5afca5e8c4">Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis</a>
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