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<meta name="keywords" content="C0175699, acrocephalo-syndactyly, type 3, acrocephalosyndactylies, type 3, acrocephalosyndactylies, type iii, acrocephalosyndactyly iii, acrocephalosyndactyly iiis, acrocephalosyndactyly type 3, acrocephalosyndactyly type iii, acrocephalosyndactyly, type 3, acrocephalosyndactyly, type iii, acrocephaly, skull asymmetry, and mild syndactyly, acs 3, acs iii, acs3, blepharophimosis, epicanthus inversus, and ptosis 3, blepharophimosis, epicanthus inversus, and ptosis 3, formerly, blepharophimosis,epicanthus inversus, and ptosis 3 (formerly), bpes3, formerly, chotzen syndrome, disease or syndrome, dysostosis craniofacialis with hypertelorism, fgfr2, saethre chotzen syndrome, saethre-chotzen syndrome, saethre-chotzen syndrome with eyelid anomalies, saethre-chotzen syndrome with or without eyelid anomalies, saethre-chotzen syndrome, fgfr2-related, scs, syndrome, chotzen, syndrome, saethre-chotzen, twist1, type iii acrocephalosyndactyly, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Classic Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is characterized by coronal synostosis (unilateral or bilateral), facial asymmetry (particularly in individuals with unicoronal synostosis), strabismus, ptosis, and characteristic appearance of the ear (small pinna with a prominent superior and/or inferior crus). Syndactyly of digits two and three of the hand is variably present. Cognitive development is usually normal, although those with a large genomic deletion are at an increased risk for intellectual challenges. Less common manifestations of SCS include other skeletal findings (parietal foramina, vertebral segmentation defects, radioulnar synostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, hallux valgus, duplicated or curved distal hallux), hypertelorism, palatal anomalies, obstructive sleep apnea, increased intracranial pressure, short stature, and congenital heart malformations." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=64221
ConceptID=C0175699
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome<span class="h1sub">(SCS)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>64221</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0175699</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Acrocephalo-syndactyly, type 3; ACROCEPHALY, SKULL ASYMMETRY, AND MILD SYNDACTYLY; ACS 3; ACS III; CHOTZEN SYNDROME; Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, FGFR2-Related; SCS</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (83015004); Acrocephalosyndactyly, type III (83015004)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Genes (locations):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="FGFR2 - ID: 2263 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/2263" class="medgenPMinfo">FGFR2</a> (10q26.13); <a target="_blank" title="TWIST1 - ID: 7291 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/7291" class="medgenPMinfo">TWIST1</a> (7p21.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007042" target="_blank">MONDO:0007042</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/101400" target="_blank">101400</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=794">ORPHA794</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1189" target="_blank">Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome</a></div><div>Classic Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is characterized by coronal synostosis (unilateral or bilateral), facial asymmetry (particularly in individuals with unicoronal synostosis), strabismus, ptosis, and characteristic appearance of the ear (small pinna with a prominent superior and/or inferior crus). Syndactyly of digits two and three of the hand is variably present. Cognitive development is usually normal, although those with a large genomic deletion are at an increased risk for intellectual challenges. Less common manifestations of SCS include other skeletal findings (parietal foramina, vertebral segmentation defects, radioulnar synostosis, maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, hallux valgus, duplicated or curved distal hallux), hypertelorism, palatal anomalies, obstructive sleep apnea, increased intracranial pressure, short stature, and congenital heart malformations. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Summary" target="NBK1189">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Diagnosis" target="NBK1189">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1189">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorder" target="NBK1189">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1189">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Management" target="NBK1189">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1189">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Resources" target="NBK1189">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1189">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1189">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1189#scs.References" target="NBK1189">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Emily R Gallagher  |  Chootima Ratisoontorn  |  Michael L Cunningham   <a href="/books/NBK1189" target="NBK1189" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is characterized by craniosynostosis, facial dysmorphism, and hand and foot abnormalities. Coronal synostosis resulting in brachycephaly is the most frequent cranial abnormality observed, and the most common facial features are asymmetry, hypertelorism, and maxillary hypoplasia. Other features include high forehead, low frontal hairline, late-closing fontanel, strabismus, ptosis, lacrimal duct stenosis, deviated nasal septum, small low-set posteriorly rotated ears with prominent crus, and hearing loss. The limb anomalies consist of radioulnar synostosis, brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly, and hallux valgus. Patients also exhibit short stature and vertebral fusion, and mild to moderate mental retardation has been noted in some cases. Inter- and intrafamilial variability is significant, with some patients having fusion of other sutures, or no apparent craniosynostosis but abnormal skull morphology. The degree of syndactyly is also variable, and digital abnormalities can be absent (Jabs, 2008).&#13;
See also Muenke syndrome (602849), which has a phenotype overlapping that of SCS and is caused by a mutation in the FGFR3 gene (P250R; 134934.0014). In addition, at least 1 individual with a phenotype of SCS has been described with a mutation in the FGFR2 gene (176943.0023).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/101400">http://www.omim.org/entry/101400</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Robinow-Sorauf syndrome is a condition with features similar to those of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, including craniosynostosis and broad or duplicated great toes. It was once considered a separate disorder, but was found to result from mutations in the same gene and is now thought to be a variant of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.<br /><br />Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face.<br /><br />Most people with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome have prematurely fused skull bones along the coronal suture, the growth line that goes over the head from ear to ear. Other parts of the skull may be malformed as well. These changes can result in an abnormally shaped head, a high forehead, a low frontal hairline, droopy eyelids (ptosis), widely spaced eyes, and a broad nasal bridge. One side of the face may appear noticeably different from the other (facial asymmetry). Most people with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome also have small, rounded ears.<br /><br />The signs and symptoms of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome vary widely, even among affected individuals in the same family. This condition can cause mild changes in the hands and feet, such as partial fusion of the skin between the second and third fingers on each hand and a broad or duplicated first (big) toe. Delayed development and learning difficulties have been reported, although most people with this condition are of normal intelligence. Less common signs and symptoms of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome include short stature, abnormalities of the bones of the spine (the vertebra), hearing loss, and heart defects.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saethre-chotzen-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saethre-chotzen-syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5416"><div><strong>Hallux valgus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5416</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018536</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5416">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hallux%20valgus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205416%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52619"><div><strong>Syndactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52619</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0039075</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the fingers or toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "symphalangism".</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52619">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Syndactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052619%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67454"><div><strong>Brachydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221357</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67454">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachydactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067454%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75581"><div><strong>Toe syndactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75581</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265660</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Webbing or fusion of the toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" Syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "Symphalangism".</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75581">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Toe%20syndactyly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075581%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340456"><div><strong>Clinodactyly of the 5th finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850049</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340456">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Clinodactyly%20of%20the%205th%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340456%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_350160"><div><strong>Absent first metatarsal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350160</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1863382</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect characterized by the absence of the first metatarsal bone.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350160">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absent%20first%20metatarsal%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20350160%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867003"><div><strong>Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867003</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021360</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of middle finger, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867003">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Partial%20duplication%20of%20the%20distal%20phalanx%20of%20the%203rd%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867003%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867008"><div><strong>Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867008</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021365</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of index finger, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867008">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Partial%20duplication%20of%20the%20distal%20phalanx%20of%20the%202nd%20finger%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867008%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6748"><div><strong>Abnormal heart morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6748</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any structural anomaly of the heart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6748">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20heart%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206748%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892473"><div><strong>Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892473</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4049796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892473">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20cardiovascular%20system%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892473%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87607"><div><strong>Short stature</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349588</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20stature%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57535"><div><strong>Microtia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152423</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the external ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57535">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microtia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057535%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7680"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, moderate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026351</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Moderate mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 35-49.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7680">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20moderate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207680%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57861"><div><strong>Radioulnar synostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57861</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158761</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57861">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Radioulnar%20synostosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057861%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66804"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the maxilla</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66804</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66804">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20maxilla%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066804%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78562"><div><strong>Plagiocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78562</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78562">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Plagiocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078562%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75805"><div><strong>Delayed cranial suture closure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75805</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0277828</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infants normally have two fontanels at birth, the diamond-shaped anterior fontanelle at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, and the posterior fontanelle at the intersection of the occipital and parietal bones. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by the 8th week of life, and the anterior fontanel closes by the 18th month of life on average. This term applies if there is delay of closure of the fontanelles beyond the normal age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75805">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20cranial%20suture%20closure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075805%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140861"><div><strong>Skull asymmetry</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140861</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424690</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140861">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Skull%20asymmetry%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140861%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_322167"><div><strong>Craniosynostosis 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322167</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1833340</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniosynostosis (CRS) is a primary abnormality of skull growth involving premature fusion of the cranial sutures such that the growth velocity of the skull often cannot match that of the developing brain. This produces skull deformity and, in some cases, raises intracranial pressure, which must be treated promptly to avoid permanent neurodevelopmental disability (summary by Fitzpatrick, 2013). Craniosynostosis-4 (CRS4) includes lambdoid, sagittal, metopic, coronal, and multisuture forms.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of craniosynostosis, see CRS1 (123100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322167">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Craniosynostosis%204%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20322167%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344694"><div><strong>Coronal craniosynostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344694</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856266</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature closure of the coronal suture of skull.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344694">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Coronal%20craniosynostosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344694%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347616"><div><strong>Malar flattening</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347616</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858085</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347616">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Malar%20flattening%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347616%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351328"><div><strong>Shallow orbits</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351328</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865244</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced depth of the orbits associated with prominent-appearing ocular globes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351328">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Shallow%20orbits%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351328%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_866545"><div><strong>Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>866545</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4020847</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/866545">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20pelvic%20girdle%20bone%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20866545%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867019"><div><strong>Prominent crus of helix</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021377</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an abnormally prominent of the crus of the helix. That is, development of the crus helix to the same degree as an average antihelix stem or helix.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20crus%20of%20helix%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1634950"><div><strong>Oxycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634950</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oxycephaly (from Greek oxus, sharp, and kephalos, head) refers to a conical or pointed shape of the skull.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634950">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Oxycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201634950%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_505331"><div><strong>Parietal foramina</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>505331</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN002451</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of symmetrical and circular openings (foramina) in the parietal bone ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters wide.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/505331">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Parietal%20foramina%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20505331%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65991"><div><strong>High forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased height of the forehead.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65991">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065991%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66809"><div><strong>Convex nasal ridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66809</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240538</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nasal ridge curving anteriorly to an imaginary line that connects the nasal root and tip. The nose appears often also prominent, and the columella low.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66809">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Convex%20nasal%20ridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066809%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98086"><div><strong>Narrow nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98086</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426422</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Interalar distance more than 2 SD below the mean for age, or alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the nasal base and alae.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98086">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098086%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_266298"><div><strong>Facial asymmetry</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>266298</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1306710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/266298">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Facial%20asymmetry%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20266298%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_278045"><div><strong>Narrow palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>278045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1398312</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Width of the palate more than 2 SD below the mean (objective) or apparently decreased palatal width (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/278045">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20278045%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326583"><div><strong>Long nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased length from the nasal root to the nasal base.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326583">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326583%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_331280"><div><strong>Low anterior hairline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331280</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842366</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331280">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low%20anterior%20hairline%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20331280%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336544"><div><strong>Cleft of chin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A bony peculiarity underlies the Y-shaped fissure of the chin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336544">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20of%20chin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336544%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342829"><div><strong>Flat face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342829</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853241</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342829">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flat%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342829%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347463"><div><strong>Flat forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347463</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857485</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A forehead with abnormal flatness.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347463">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flat%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347463%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_871343"><div><strong>Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>871343</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the nasolacrimal drainage system, which serves as a conduit for tear flow from the external eye to the nasal cavity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/871343">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20nasolacrimal%20system%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20871343%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_146260"><div><strong>Breast carcinoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>146260</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0678222</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a carcinoma of the breast.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/146260">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Breast%20carcinoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20146260%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2287"><div><strong>Ptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0005745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2287">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202287%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1641795"><div><strong>Buphthalmos</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1641795</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551507</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diffusely large eye (with megalocornea) associated with glaucoma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1641795">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Buphthalmos%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201641795%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_871343" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft of chin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66809" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Convex nasal ridge</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_266298" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Facial asymmetry</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342829" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flat face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347463" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flat forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_331280" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low anterior hairline</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98086" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_278045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow palate</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_350160" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent first metatarsal</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachydactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Clinodactyly of the 5th finger</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5416" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hallux valgus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867008" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867003" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52619" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndactyly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75581" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Toe syndactyly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the breast</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_146260" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Breast carcinoma</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892473" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6748" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal heart morphology</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1641795" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Buphthalmos</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_866545" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344694" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coronal craniosynostosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_322167" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Craniosynostosis 4</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75805" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed cranial suture closure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66804" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the maxilla</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347616" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malar flattening</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1634950" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oxycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_505331" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parietal foramina</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78562" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Plagiocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent crus of helix</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57861" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Radioulnar synostosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351328" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Shallow orbits</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140861" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Skull asymmetry</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, moderate</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microtia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175699[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=64221">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=64221" target="_blank" href="/omim/101400">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1189/" ref="ncbi_uid=64221">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=64221" ref="ncbi_uid=64221">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/267602" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acrocephalosyndactyly">Acrocephalosyndactyly</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=235&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34633507">Differential diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis: a case series.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casteleyn T,
Horn D,
Henrich W,
Verlohren S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Gynecol Obstet</span>
2022 Jul;306(1):49-57.
Epub 2021 Oct 11
doi: 10.1007/s00404-021-06263-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34633507" target="_blank">34633507</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9300495" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29392564">Craniosynostosis as a clinical and diagnostic problem: molecular pathology and genetic counseling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A,
Gos M,
Obersztyn E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Appl Genet</span>
2018 May;59(2):133-147.
Epub 2018 Feb 1
doi: 10.1007/s13353-017-0423-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29392564" target="_blank">29392564</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27240504">Prevention and management of hearing loss in syndromic craniosynostosis: A case series.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Biamino E,
Canale A,
Lacilla M,
Marinosci A,
Dagna F,
Genitori L,
Peretta P,
Silengo M,
Albera R,
Ferrero GB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2016 Jun;85:95-8.
Epub 2016 Apr 11
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.03.038.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27240504" target="_blank">27240504</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22saethre-chotzen%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34904178">Craniofacial morphology and growth in Muenke syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and TCF12-related craniosynostosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choi TM,
Lijten OW,
Mathijssen IMJ,
Wolvius EB,
Ongkosuwito EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Oral Investig</span>
2022 Mar;26(3):2927-2936.
Epub 2021 Dec 14
doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04275-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34904178" target="_blank">34904178</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8898243" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32909287">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: long-term outcome of a syndrome-specific management protocol.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Den Ottelander BK,
Van Veelen MC,
De Goederen R,
Van De Beeten SD,
Dremmen MH,
Loudon SE,
Versnel SL,
Van Den Ouweland AM,
Van Dooren MF,
Joosten KF,
Mathijssen IM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2021 Jan;63(1):104-110.
Epub 2020 Sep 9
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14670.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32909287" target="_blank">32909287</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7754116" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32487807">Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: A Report of 7 Patients and Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abulezz TA,
Allam KA,
Wan DC,
Lee JC,
Kawamoto HK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Plast Surg</span>
2020 Sep;85(3):251-255.
doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32487807" target="_blank">32487807</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30152628">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: Case report and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pelc A,
Mikulewicz M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Med Probl</span>
2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):217-225.
doi: 10.17219/dmp/91050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30152628" target="_blank">30152628</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11772178">A child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, and a TWIST mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee S,
Seto M,
Sie K,
Cunningham M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleft Palate Craniofac J</span>
2002 Jan;39(1):110-4.
doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0110_acwscs_2.0.co_2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11772178" target="_blank">11772178</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (66)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32487807">Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: A Report of 7 Patients and Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abulezz TA,
Allam KA,
Wan DC,
Lee JC,
Kawamoto HK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Plast Surg</span>
2020 Sep;85(3):251-255.
doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32487807" target="_blank">32487807</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27712819">Syndromic Craniosynostosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang JC,
Nagy L,
Demke JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am</span>
2016 Nov;24(4):531-543.
doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27712819" target="_blank">27712819</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25622384">Child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: anesthetic management and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma A,
Patel N,
Arora S,
Ramachandran R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Anaesthesiol Belg</span>
2014;65(4):179-82.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25622384" target="_blank">25622384</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8064818">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reardon W,
Winter RM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1994 May;31(5):393-6.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.31.5.393.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8064818" target="_blank">8064818</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1049872" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4643612">The Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kreiborg S,
Pruzansky S,
Pashayan H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Teratology</span>
1972 Dec;6(3):287-94.
doi: 10.1002/tera.1420060306.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4643612" target="_blank">4643612</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (84)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36169714">The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on growth in patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis: a retrospective study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang S,
Mathijssen IMJ,
Joosten KFM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2022 Dec;181(12):4191-4197.
Epub 2022 Sep 28
doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04621-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36169714" target="_blank">36169714</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9649490" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866411">Syndrome-related outcomes following posterior vault distraction osteogenesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raposo-Amaral CE,
de Oliveira YM,
Denadai R,
Raposo-Amaral CA,
Ghizoni E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
2021 Jun;37(6):2001-2009.
Epub 2021 Apr 18
doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05169-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866411" target="_blank">33866411</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28350678">Ocular Morbidity in the Correction of Orbital Hypertelorism and Dystopia: A 15-Year Experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Glass GE,
Hon KAV,
Schweibert K,
Bowman R,
Jones BM,
Dunaway DJ,
Britto JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2017 Apr;139(4):967-975.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003178.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28350678" target="_blank">28350678</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25506891">Twist-BRD4 complex: potential drug target for basal-like breast cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shi J,
Cao J,
Zhou BP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pharm Des</span>
2015;21(10):1256-61.
doi: 10.2174/1381612821666141211153853.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25506891" target="_blank">25506891</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5644350" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10521661">Developmental expression of specific genes detected in high-quality cDNA libraries from single human preimplantation embryos.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adjaye J,
Bolton V,
Monk M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
1999 Sep 17;237(2):373-83.
doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00329-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10521661" target="_blank">10521661</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30132994">Prenatal sonographic findings and prognosis of craniosynostosis diagnosed during the fetal and neonatal periods.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Harada A,
Miyashita S,
Nagai R,
Makino S,
Murotsuki J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
2019 Jul;59(4):132-141.
Epub 2018 Sep 5
doi: 10.1111/cga.12308.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30132994" target="_blank">30132994</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28521820">Destabilization of the TWIST1/E12 complex dimerization following the R154P point-mutation of TWIST1: an in silico approach.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bouard C,
Terreux R,
Tissier A,
Jacqueroud L,
Vigneron A,
Ansieau S,
Puisieux A,
Payen L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Struct Biol</span>
2017 May 18;17(1):6.
doi: 10.1186/s12900-017-0076-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28521820" target="_blank">28521820</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5437649" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24656465">Clinicogenetic study of Turkish patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nur BG,
Pehlivanoğlu S,
Mıı E,
Calışkan M,
Demir D,
Alper OM,
Kayserili H,
Lüleci G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2014 May;50(5):482-90.
Epub 2014 Jan 11
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.01.023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24656465" target="_blank">24656465</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21532428">Audiologic findings in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosen H,
Andrews BT,
Meara JG,
Stoler JM,
Mulliken JB,
Rogers GF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2011 May;127(5):2014-2020.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31820cf16a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21532428" target="_blank">21532428</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11772178">A child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, sensorineural hearing loss, and a TWIST mutation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee S,
Seto M,
Sie K,
Cunningham M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleft Palate Craniofac J</span>
2002 Jan;39(1):110-4.
doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0110_acwscs_2.0.co_2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11772178" target="_blank">11772178</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (27)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33866411">Syndrome-related outcomes following posterior vault distraction osteogenesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raposo-Amaral CE,
de Oliveira YM,
Denadai R,
Raposo-Amaral CA,
Ghizoni E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
2021 Jun;37(6):2001-2009.
Epub 2021 Apr 18
doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05169-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33866411" target="_blank">33866411</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30152628">Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: Case report and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pelc A,
Mikulewicz M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dent Med Probl</span>
2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):217-225.
doi: 10.17219/dmp/91050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30152628" target="_blank">30152628</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28521820">Destabilization of the TWIST1/E12 complex dimerization following the R154P point-mutation of TWIST1: an in silico approach.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bouard C,
Terreux R,
Tissier A,
Jacqueroud L,
Vigneron A,
Ansieau S,
Puisieux A,
Payen L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Struct Biol</span>
2017 May 18;17(1):6.
doi: 10.1186/s12900-017-0076-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28521820" target="_blank">28521820</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5437649" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24736737">Clinical spectrum and outcomes in families with coronal synostosis and TCF12 mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">di Rocco F,
Baujat G,
Arnaud E,
Rénier D,
Laplanche JL,
Daire VC,
Collet C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2014 Dec;22(12):1413-6.
Epub 2014 Apr 16
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.57.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24736737" target="_blank">24736737</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4231413" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17036334">Trigonocephaly in Muenke syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Meulen J,
van den Ouweland A,
Hoogeboom J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2006 Nov 15;140(22):2493-4.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31460.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17036334" target="_blank">17036334</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (50)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (57)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F29" target="_blank">Detection of homozygosity (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F17" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (60)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (17)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0175699%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (82)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=101400" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=794" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22saethre-chotzen%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=176943%20601622" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=2263[geneid]" target="_blank">View FGFR2 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=7291[geneid]" target="_blank">View TWIST1 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/193211400,254553324" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=101400" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Saethre-Chotzen+syndrome/6392" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/saethre_chotzen_syndrome" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Saethre-Chotzen%20syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/saethre-chotzen-syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7598/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
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<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
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<div class="row">
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<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
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<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
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</nav>
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