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<meta name="keywords" content="C0311277, abdominal obesities, abdominal obesity, central obesities, central obesity, finding, obesities, abdominal, obesities, central, obesity, abdominal, obesity, central, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=90229
ConceptID=C0311277
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abdominal obesity</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0311277</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Abdominal Obesities; Abdominal Obesity; Central Obesities; Central Obesity; Obesities, Abdominal; Obesities, Central; Obesity, Abdominal; Obesity, Central</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012743">HP:0012743</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0311277[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=90229">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Abdominal obesity</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/808205" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Growth abnormality">Growth abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892367" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of body weight">Abnormality of body weight</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/12145" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased body weight">Increased body weight</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18127" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Obesity">Obesity</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abdominal obesity</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_46057"><div><strong>Prader-Willi syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>46057</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0032897</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by severe hypotonia, poor appetite, and feeding difficulties in early infancy, followed in early childhood by excessive eating and gradual development of morbid obesity (unless food intake is strictly controlled). Motor milestones and language development are delayed. All individuals have some degree of cognitive impairment. Hypogonadism is present in both males and females and manifests as genital hypoplasia, incomplete pubertal development, and, in most, infertility. Short stature is common (if not treated with growth hormone). A distinctive behavioral phenotype (temper tantrums, stubbornness, manipulative behavior, and obsessive-compulsive characteristics) is common. Characteristic facial features, strabismus, and scoliosis are often present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/46057">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_66381"><div><strong>Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66381</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hypersecretion by corticotroph adenomas of the pituitary result in excess cortisol secretion, or Cushing disease. The clinical features of Cushing disease include central obesity, moon facies, 'buffalo hump,' diabetes, hypertension, fatigue, easy bruising, depression, and reproductive disorders. Cushing disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and infections (summary by Perez-Rivas et al., 2015).&#13; Mutations in the USP8 gene, leading to an upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; 131550) pathway, have been identified in about 36 to 62% of corticotroph adenomas (summary by Mete and Lopes, 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66381">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337334"><div><strong>X-linked intellectual disability Cabezas type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337334</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Cabezas type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder is characterized primarily by short stature, hypogonadism, and abnormal gait, with other more variable features such as speech delay, prominent lower lip, and tremor (Cabezas et al., 2000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337334">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344224"><div><strong>Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome quantitative trait locus 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344224</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854170</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344224">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_422452"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>422452</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2936862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive and genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, behavioral dysfunction, and hypogonadism (summary by Beales et al., 1999). Eight proteins implicated in the disorder assemble to form the BBSome, a stable complex involved in signaling receptor trafficking to and from cilia (summary by Scheidecker et al., 2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome&#13; BBS2 (615981) is caused by mutation in a gene on 16q13 (606151); BBS3 (600151), by mutation in the ARL6 gene on 3q11 (608845); BBS4 (615982), by mutation in a gene on 15q22 (600374); BBS5 (615983), by mutation in a gene on 2q31 (603650); BBS6 (605231), by mutation in the MKKS gene on 20p12 (604896); BBS7 (615984), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (607590); BBS8 (615985), by mutation in the TTC8 gene on 14q32 (608132); BBS9 (615986), by mutation in a gene on 7p14 (607968); BBS10 (615987), by mutation in a gene on 12q21 (610148); BBS11 (615988), by mutation in the TRIM32 gene on 9q33 (602290); BBS12 (615989), by mutation in a gene on 4q27 (610683); BBS13 (615990), by mutation in the MKS1 gene (609883) on 17q23; BBS14 (615991), by mutation in the CEP290 gene (610142) on 12q21, BBS15 (615992), by mutation in the WDPCP gene (613580) on 2p15; BBS16 (615993), by mutation in the SDCCAG8 gene (613524) on 1q43; BBS17 (615994), by mutation in the LZTFL1 gene (606568) on 3p21; BBS18 (615995), by mutation in the BBIP1 gene (613605) on 10q25; BBS19 (615996), by mutation in the IFT27 gene (615870) on 22q12; BBS20 (619471), by mutation in the IFT172 gene (607386) on 9p21; BBS21 (617406), by mutation in the CFAP418 gene (614477) on 8q22; and BBS22 (617119), by mutation in the IFT74 gene (608040) on 9p21.&#13; The CCDC28B gene (610162) modifies the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes. Mutations in MKS1, MKS3 (TMEM67; 609884), and C2ORF86 also modify the expression of BBS phenotypes in patients who have mutations in other genes.&#13; Although BBS had originally been thought to be a recessive disorder, Katsanis et al. (2001) demonstrated that clinical manifestation of some forms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome requires recessive mutations in 1 of the 6 loci plus an additional mutation in a second locus. While Katsanis et al. (2001) called this 'triallelic inheritance,' Burghes et al. (2001) suggested the term 'recessive inheritance with a modifier of penetrance.' Mykytyn et al. (2002) found no evidence of involvement of the common BBS1 mutation in triallelic inheritance. However, Fan et al. (2004) found heterozygosity in a mutation of the BBS3 gene (608845.0002) as an apparent modifier of the expression of homozygosity of the met390-to-arg mutation in the BBS1 gene (209901.0001).&#13; Allelic disorders include nonsyndromic forms of retinitis pigmentosa: RP51 (613464), caused by TTC8 mutation, and RP55 (613575), caused by ARL6 mutation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/422452">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477152"><div><strong>Xq27.3q28 duplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477152</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275521</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chromosome Xq27.3-q28 duplication syndrome is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild mental retardation, mild facial dysmorphism, short stature, and primary testicular failure manifest as high-pitched voice, sparse body hair, abdominal obesity, and small testes. Female carriers may have short stature and premature ovarian failure (summary by Rio et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477152">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862798"><div><strong>Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862798</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014361</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any metabolic syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the DYRK1B gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862798">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863240"><div><strong>ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863240</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia-2 is an autosomal dominant tumor susceptibility with syndromic incomplete penetrance, as a second hit to the ARMC5 gene is required to develop macronodular hyperplasia (Assie et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863240">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863306"><div><strong>LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863306</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014869</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 6 (FPLD6) is characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution, with variable excess accumulation of fat in the face, neck, shoulders, axillae, back, abdomen, and pubic region, and reduction in subcutaneous fat of the lower extremities. Progressive adult-onset myopathy is seen in some patients, and there is variable association with diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and hepatic steatosis (Zolotov et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863306">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1640883"><div><strong>Metabolic syndrome X</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1640883</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4552048</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A clustering of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), high blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose levels is sometimes called metabolic syndrome X (Reaven, 1988) or abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome (Bjorntorp, 1991). The syndrome may affect nearly 1 in 4 U.S. adults and is considered a veritable epidemic (Ford et al., 2002). It is a major risk factor for both diabetes mellitus (see 125853 and Haffner et al., 1992) and cardiovascular disease (Isomaa et al., 2001). The etiology is complex, determined by the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence varies substantially among ethnic groups, with the highest rates in Mexican American women (Park et al., 2003). Other factors influencing the metabolic syndrome include age, smoking, alcohol, diet, and physical inactivity.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Abdominal Obesity-Metabolic Syndrome&#13; AOMS2 (605572) has been mapped to chromosome 17p12. AOMS3 (615812) is caused by mutation in the DYRK1B gene (604556) on chromosome 19q13. AOMS4 (618620) is caused by mutation in the CELA2A gene (609443) on chromosome 1p36.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1640883">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648500"><div><strong>Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648500</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748435</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in man denotes impaired production of growth hormone (GH; 139250) and one or more of the other 5 anterior pituitary hormones. Some patients exhibit only GH deficiency, although approximately 50% of isolated GH deficiency progresses to CPHD (Gergics et al., 2021). Individuals with CPHD7 have been reported with isolated GH deficiency as well as combined deficiencies including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see 188540) and/or prolactin (PRL; 176760). In addition to severe postnatal short stature, patients exhibit delayed bone age and hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary, as well as distinctive facial dysmorphisms including frontal bossing and depressed nasal bridge (Argente et al., 2014; Verberne et al., 2020; Yamada et al., 2021).&#13; For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CPHD, see 613038.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648500">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1716269"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hackmann-Di Donato type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1716269</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5393302</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hackmann-Di Donato-type X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHD) is an X-linked recessive phenotype characterized by global developmental delay with hypotonia, delayed speech, and mildly delayed walking associated with somatic marfanoid features, including tall stature, long fingers, and mildly dysmorphic facies. Some patients may have cardiac defects, such as mitral valve regurgitation, as well as other anomalies related to connective tissue defects, such as scoliosis (summary by Fiordaliso et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1716269">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1784590"><div><strong>Growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alopecia, and distinctive facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784590</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543375</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alopecia, and distinctive facies (GKAF) is characterized by microcephaly, congenital alopecia, distinctive craniofacial features, severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss, global developmental delay, hydrocephalus, hypoplastic kidneys with renal insufficiency, genital hypoplasia, and early mortality (Ito et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784590">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862798" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344224" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome quantitative trait locus 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863240" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_422452" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1784590" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Growth restriction, hypoplastic kidneys, alopecia, and distinctive facies</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (13)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1716269" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, Hackmann-Di Donato type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648500" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Isolated growth hormone deficiency, type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863306" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1640883" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Metabolic syndrome X</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_66381" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pituitary dependent hypercortisolism</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_46057" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prader-Willi syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337334" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked intellectual disability Cabezas type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477152" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Xq27.3q28 duplication syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33143632">Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumar S,
Mittal A,
Babu D,
Mittal A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diabetes Rev</span>
2021;17(4):437-456.
doi: 10.2174/1573399816666201103143225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33143632" target="_blank">33143632</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31691175">Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Diagnostic Criteria, Therapeutic Options and Perspectives.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Weihe P,
Weihrauch-Blüher S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Obes Rep</span>
2019 Dec;8(4):472-479.
doi: 10.1007/s13679-019-00357-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31691175" target="_blank">31691175</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18097891">Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Farshchi H,
Rane A,
Love A,
Kennedy RL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2007 Nov;27(8):762-73.
doi: 10.1080/01443610701667338.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18097891" target="_blank">18097891</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22abdominal%20obesity%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (247)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38398843">Associations of Dynapenic Abdominal Obesity and Frailty Progression: Evidence from Two Nationwide Cohorts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun B,
Wang J,
Wang Y,
Xiao W,
Liu Y,
Wang Y,
Chen Y,
Lu W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2024 Feb 13;16(4)
doi: 10.3390/nu16040518.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38398843" target="_blank">38398843</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10892768" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37595895">Association of cognitive frailty and abdominal obesity with cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhu X,
Ding L,
Zhang X,
Xiong Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Affect Disord</span>
2023 Nov 1;340:523-528.
Epub 2023 Aug 16
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.067.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37595895" target="_blank">37595895</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37586316">Late meal intake is associated with abdominal obesity and metabolic disorders related to metabolic syndrome: A chrononutrition approach using data from NHANES 2015-2018.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernardes da Cunha N,
Teixeira GP,
Madalena Rinaldi AE,
Azeredo CM,
Crispim CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nutr</span>
2023 Sep;42(9):1798-1805.
Epub 2023 Aug 9
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37586316" target="_blank">37586316</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34190668">Ultra-processed food consumption and adult obesity risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moradi S,
Entezari MH,
Mohammadi H,
Jayedi A,
Lazaridi AV,
Kermani MAH,
Miraghajani M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr</span>
2023;63(2):249-260.
Epub 2021 Jun 30
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34190668" target="_blank">34190668</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36320060">Association between abdominal obesity indices and risk of cardiovascular events in Chinese populations with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Qiao T,
Luo T,
Pei H,
Yimingniyazi B,
Aili D,
Aimudula A,
Zhao H,
Zhang H,
Dai J,
Wang D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2022 Nov 1;21(1):225.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01670-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36320060" target="_blank">36320060</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9628026" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8324)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36841762">Combination of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sandsdal RM,
Juhl CR,
Jensen SBK,
Lundgren JR,
Janus C,
Blond MB,
Rosenkilde M,
Bogh AF,
Gliemann L,
Jensen JB,
Antoniades C,
Stallknecht BM,
Holst JJ,
Madsbad S,
Torekov SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2023 Feb 25;22(1):41.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01765-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36841762" target="_blank">36841762</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9960425" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33693472">Abdominal obesity, body mass index and the risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuan L,
Chang M,
Wang J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Age Ageing</span>
2021 Jun 28;50(4):1118-1128.
doi: 10.1093/ageing/afab039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33693472" target="_blank">33693472</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32736628">Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wan H,
Wang Y,
Xiang Q,
Fang S,
Chen Y,
Chen C,
Zhang W,
Zhang H,
Xia F,
Wang N,
Lu Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2020 Jul 31;19(1):118.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01095-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32736628" target="_blank">32736628</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7395356" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29916924">How to best assess abdominal obesity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fang H,
Berg E,
Cheng X,
Shen W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care</span>
2018 Sep;21(5):360-365.
doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29916924" target="_blank">29916924</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6299450" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17167477">Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Després JP,
Lemieux I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2006 Dec 14;444(7121):881-7.
doi: 10.1038/nature05488.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17167477" target="_blank">17167477</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3376)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38732635">Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression-PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gawlik-Kotelnicka O,
Margulska A,
Płeska K,
Skowrońska A,
Strzelecki D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2024 May 3;16(9)
doi: 10.3390/nu16091389.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38732635" target="_blank">38732635</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11085729" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36841762">Combination of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sandsdal RM,
Juhl CR,
Jensen SBK,
Lundgren JR,
Janus C,
Blond MB,
Rosenkilde M,
Bogh AF,
Gliemann L,
Jensen JB,
Antoniades C,
Stallknecht BM,
Holst JJ,
Madsbad S,
Torekov SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2023 Feb 25;22(1):41.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01765-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36841762" target="_blank">36841762</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9960425" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34190668">Ultra-processed food consumption and adult obesity risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moradi S,
Entezari MH,
Mohammadi H,
Jayedi A,
Lazaridi AV,
Kermani MAH,
Miraghajani M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr</span>
2023;63(2):249-260.
Epub 2021 Jun 30
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1946005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34190668" target="_blank">34190668</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30322156">Improved Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity after a Lifestyle Intervention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ojeda-Rodríguez A,
Zazpe I,
Morell-Azanza L,
Chueca MJ,
Azcona-Sanjulian MC,
Marti A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2018 Oct 13;10(10)
doi: 10.3390/nu10101500.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30322156" target="_blank">30322156</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6213517" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26093535">Therapeutic effect of high-dose green tea extract on weight reduction: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen IJ,
Liu CY,
Chiu JP,
Hsu CH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nutr</span>
2016 Jun;35(3):592-9.
Epub 2015 May 29
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26093535" target="_blank">26093535</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2544)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37525182">Association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and risk of stroke incidence in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: evidence from a large national cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Z,
Zhao L,
Lu Y,
Meng X,
Zhou X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Transl Med</span>
2023 Jul 31;21(1):518.
doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04309-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37525182" target="_blank">37525182</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10391837" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37299546">Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mambrini SP,
Menichetti F,
Ravella S,
Pellizzari M,
De Amicis R,
Foppiani A,
Battezzati A,
Bertoli S,
Leone A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2023 May 31;15(11)
doi: 10.3390/nu15112583.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37299546" target="_blank">37299546</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10255607" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29480368">The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saklayen MG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Hypertens Rep</span>
2018 Feb 26;20(2):12.
doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29480368" target="_blank">29480368</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5866840" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24503366">Obesity and GERD.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chang P,
Friedenberg F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gastroenterol Clin North Am</span>
2014 Mar;43(1):161-73.
Epub 2013 Dec 27
doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2013.11.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24503366" target="_blank">24503366</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3920303" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23481261">Obesity and colorectal cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bardou M,
Barkun AN,
Martel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gut</span>
2013 Jun;62(6):933-47.
Epub 2013 Mar 12
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304701.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23481261" target="_blank">23481261</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2921)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36881425">Deep-Learning for Epicardial Adipose Tissue Assessment With Computed Tomography: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">West HW,
Siddique M,
Williams MC,
Volpe L,
Desai R,
Lyasheva M,
Thomas S,
Dangas K,
Kotanidis CP,
Tomlins P,
Mahon C,
Kardos A,
Adlam D,
Graby J,
Rodrigues JCL,
Shirodaria C,
Deanfield J,
Mehta NN,
Neubauer S,
Channon KM,
Desai MY,
Nicol ED,
Newby DE,
Antoniades C;
ORFAN Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</span>
2023 Jun;16(6):800-816.
Epub 2023 Feb 8
doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.11.018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36881425" target="_blank">36881425</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10663979" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32736628">Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wan H,
Wang Y,
Xiang Q,
Fang S,
Chen Y,
Chen C,
Zhang W,
Zhang H,
Xia F,
Wang N,
Lu Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Diabetol</span>
2020 Jul 31;19(1):118.
doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01095-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32736628" target="_blank">32736628</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7395356" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30322156">Improved Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity after a Lifestyle Intervention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ojeda-Rodríguez A,
Zazpe I,
Morell-Azanza L,
Chueca MJ,
Azcona-Sanjulian MC,
Marti A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2018 Oct 13;10(10)
doi: 10.3390/nu10101500.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30322156" target="_blank">30322156</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6213517" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27891676">Sex-dependent independent prediction of incident diabetes by depressive symptoms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akbaş-Şimşek T,
Onat A,
Kaya A,
Tusun E,
Yüksel H,
Can G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Geriatr Psychiatry</span>
2017 Dec;32(12):1425-1432.
Epub 2016 Nov 28
doi: 10.1002/gps.4630.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27891676" target="_blank">27891676</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21129047">The metabolic syndrome: time to get off the merry-go-round?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reaven GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Intern Med</span>
2011 Feb;269(2):127-36.
Epub 2010 Dec 3
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02325.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21129047" target="_blank">21129047</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4367)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37299546">Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mambrini SP,
Menichetti F,
Ravella S,
Pellizzari M,
De Amicis R,
Foppiani A,
Battezzati A,
Bertoli S,
Leone A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2023 May 31;15(11)
doi: 10.3390/nu15112583.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37299546" target="_blank">37299546</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10255607" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35871953">Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and obesity in adults and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Silveira EA,
Mendonça CR,
Delpino FM,
Elias Souza GV,
Pereira de Souza Rosa L,
de Oliveira C,
Noll M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nutr ESPEN</span>
2022 Aug;50:63-73.
Epub 2022 Jun 14
doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35871953" target="_blank">35871953</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33167080">Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lane MM,
Davis JA,
Beattie S,
Gómez-Donoso C,
Loughman A,
O'Neil A,
Jacka F,
Berk M,
Page R,
Marx W,
Rocks T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obes Rev</span>
2021 Mar;22(3):e13146.
Epub 2020 Nov 9
doi: 10.1111/obr.13146.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33167080" target="_blank">33167080</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31918985">Skipping breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma X,
Chen Q,
Pu Y,
Guo M,
Jiang Z,
Huang W,
Long Y,
Xu Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Obes Res Clin Pract</span>
2020 Jan-Feb;14(1):1-8.
Epub 2020 Jan 7
doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.12.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31918985" target="_blank">31918985</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29856171">Obesity and kidney stone disease: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carbone A,
Al Salhi Y,
Tasca A,
Palleschi G,
Fuschi A,
De Nunzio C,
Bozzini G,
Mazzaferro S,
Pastore AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minerva Urol Nefrol</span>
2018 Aug;70(4):393-400.
Epub 2018 May 31
doi: 10.23736/S0393-2249.18.03113-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29856171" target="_blank">29856171</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abdominal%20obesity%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (205)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0311277%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0311277%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0311277%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (3)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Abdominal%20obesity" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22abdominal%20obesity%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Abdominal%20obesity%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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