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<meta name="keywords" content="C4025279, finding, respiratory distress necessitating mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress requiring endotracheal intubation, respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A state of respiratory distress that requires a life saving intervention in the form of gaining airway access and instituting positive pressure ventilation." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation (Concept Id: C4025279)
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<!--
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870821</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Respiratory distress necessitating mechanical ventilation; Respiratory distress requiring endotracheal intubation; Respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004887">HP:0004887</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A state of respiratory distress that requires a life saving intervention in the form of gaining airway access and instituting positive pressure ventilation. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866322" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the respiratory system">Abnormality of the respiratory system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/220360" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal respiratory system physiology">Abnormal respiratory system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/11197" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Respiratory insufficiency">Respiratory insufficiency</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1812214" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute respiratory distress syndrome">Acute respiratory distress syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870643" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ventilator dependence with inability to wean">Ventilator dependence with inability to wean</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98374"><div><strong>Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98374</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0410203</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked myotubular myopathy (X-MTM), also known as myotubular myopathy (MTM), is characterized by muscle weakness that ranges from severe to mild. Approximately 80% of affected males present with severe (classic) X-MTM characterized by polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movement, and neonatal weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory failure. Motor milestones are significantly delayed and most individuals fail to achieve independent ambulation. Weakness is profound and often involves facial and extraocular muscles. Respiratory failure is nearly uniform, with most individuals requiring 24-hour ventilatory assistance. It is estimated that at least 25% of boys with severe X-MTM die in the first year of life, and those who survive rarely live into adulthood. Males with mild or moderate X-MTM (~20%) achieve motor milestones more quickly than males with the severe form; many ambulate independently, and may live into adulthood. Most require gastrostomy tubes and/or ventilator support. In all subtypes of X-MTM, the muscle disease is not obviously progressive. Female carriers of X-MTM are generally asymptomatic, although manifesting heterozygotes are increasingly being identified. In affected females, symptoms range from severe, generalized weakness presenting in childhood, with infantile onset similar to affected male patients, to mild (often asymmetric) weakness manifesting in adulthood. Affected adult females may experience progressive respiratory decline and ultimately require ventilatory support.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98374">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_163239"><div><strong>Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163239</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and a variety of cranial nerve palsies, usually involving the motor components of the seventh and ninth to twelfth (more rarely the third, fifth, and sixth) cranial nerves. Spinal motor nerves and, less commonly, upper motor neurons are sometimes affected, giving a picture resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; 105400). The onset of the disease is usually in the second decade, but earlier and later onset have been reported. Hearing loss tends to precede the onset of neurologic signs, mostly progressive muscle weakness causing respiratory compromise. However, patients with very early onset may present with bulbar palsy and may not develop hearing loss until later. The symptoms, severity, and disease duration are variable (summary by Green et al., 2010).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome&#13; See also BVVLS2 (614707), caused by mutation in the SLC52A2 gene (607882) on chromosome 8q.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163239">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1720533"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 34</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720533</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394053</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720533">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1712280"><div><strong>Treacher Collins syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1712280</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394546</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by lower eyelid abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, downslanted palpebral fissures, and micro- or retrognathia due to symmetric hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones, maxilla, and mandible. External ear anomalies include absent, small, malformed, and/or posteriorly rotated ears and atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canals. About 40%-50% of individuals have conductive hearing loss attributed most commonly to malformation of the ossicles and hypoplasia of the middle ear cavities. Inner ear structures tend to be normal. Significant respiratory and feeding difficulties can be present in infancy. Other, less common abnormalities include cleft palate and unilateral or bilateral choanal stenosis or atresia. Typically, intellect is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1712280">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1748867"><div><strong>Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1748867</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5399977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 2 (MC4DN2) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of symptoms at birth or in the first weeks or months of life. Affected individuals have severe hypotonia, often associated with feeding difficulties and respiratory insufficiency necessitating tube feeding and mechanical ventilation. The vast majority of patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the first days or weeks of life, which usually leads to death in infancy or early childhood. Patients also show neurologic abnormalities, including developmental delay, nystagmus, fasciculations, dystonia, EEG changes, and brain imaging abnormalities compatible with a diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (see 256000). There may also be evidence of systemic involvement with hepatomegaly and myopathy, although neurogenic muscle atrophy is more common and may resemble spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA1; 253300). Serum lactate is increased, and laboratory studies show decreased mitochondrial complex IV protein and activity levels in various tissues, including heart and skeletal muscle. Most patients die in infancy of cardiorespiratory failure (summary by Papadopoulou et al., 1999).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1748867">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1736667"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1736667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436628</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities (NEDSWMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired psychomotor development apparent in infancy. Affected individuals show poor overall growth, progressive microcephaly, and axial hypotonia, with later onset of spasticity. The disorder is progressive. Some patients show normal early development, but later have regression of motor, cognitive, and language skills. More variable features include seizures, joint contractures, ocular disturbances, episodic respiratory failure, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features. The intellectual impairment is variable, ranging from poor visual contact with inability to walk or speak to milder intellectual disability with the ability to say some words. Brain imaging shows variable white matter abnormalities, including thin corpus callosum and poor myelination (summary by Husain et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1736667">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1788285"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 1E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1788285</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543328</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1E (PCH1E) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by severe hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency apparent soon after birth. Virtually all patients die in the first days or weeks of life. Postmortem examination and brain imaging show pontocerebellar atrophy and loss of anterior motor neurons in the spinal cord. Additional more variable features may include optic atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, dysmorphic features, congenital contracture or foot deformities, and seizures (summary by Braunisch et al., 2018).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PCH, see PCH1A (607596).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1788285">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1788773"><div><strong>Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1788773</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543476</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome-2 (MMIHS2) is characterized by prenatal bladder enlargement, neonatal functional gastrointestinal obstruction, and chronic dependence on total parenteral nutrition and urinary catheterization. The majority of cases have a fatal outcome due to malnutrition and sepsis, followed by multiorgan failure (summary by Wang et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MMIHS, see 249210.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1788773">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840936"><div><strong>Congenital myopathy 2b, severe infantile, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive congenital myopathy-2B (CMYO2B) is a disorder of the skeletal muscle characterized by severe hypotonia with lack of spontaneous movements and respiratory insufficiency, usually leading to death in infancy or early childhood (Agrawal et al., 2004). However, longer survival has also been reported, likely due to the type of mutation and extent of its impact (O'Grady et al., 2015).&#13; Mutations in the ACTA1 gene can cause a range of skeletal muscle diseases. About 90% of patients with ACTA1 mutations carry heterozygous mutations, usually de novo (CMYO2A; 161800), whereas 10% of patients carry biallelic ACTA1 mutations (CMYO2B) (Nowak et al., 2007).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840936">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841154"><div><strong>Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 28</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841154</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830518</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-28 (LGMDR28) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness affecting the proximal and axial muscles of the upper and lower limbs. The age at onset is highly variable, usually in the first decade, although onset in the fourth decade has also been reported. The disorder can be rapidly progressive or show a slower course. Most patients have limited ambulation or become wheelchair-bound within a few decades, and respiratory insufficiency commonly occurs. Laboratory studies show increased serum creatine kinase and elevated fasting blood glucose levels, although cholesterol is normal. EMG shows a myopathic pattern; muscle biopsy is generally unremarkable, but can show nonspecific myopathic or dystrophic features (Yogev et al., 2023; Morales-Rosado et al., 2023).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, see LGMDR1 (253600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841154">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841222"><div><strong>Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841222</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830586</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-7 (MMDS7) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a clinical spectrum ranging from neonatal fatal glycine encephalopathy to an attenuated phenotype of developmental delay, behavioral problems, limited epilepsy, and variable movement problems (Arribas-Carreira et al., 2023).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome, see MMDS1 (605711).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841222">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841277"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 58</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841277</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830641</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-58 (COXPD58) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical presentations including neonatal lactic acidosis, epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay and impaired intellectual development with nonspecific changes on brain MRI, or mitochondrial myopathy with a treatable neuromuscular transmission defect (Van Haute et al., 2023).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841277">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_163239" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1748867" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841277" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 58</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital myopathy 2b, severe infantile, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1788773" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (12)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1720533" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 34</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841222" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841154" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 28</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1736667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1788285" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 1E</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98374" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1712280" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Treacher Collins syndrome 4</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37814552">European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Doorn PA,
Van den Bergh PYK,
Hadden RDM,
Avau B,
Vankrunkelsven P,
Attarian S,
Blomkwist-Markens PH,
Cornblath DR,
Goedee HS,
Harbo T,
Jacobs BC,
Kusunoki S,
Lehmann HC,
Lewis RA,
Lunn MP,
Nobile-Orazio E,
Querol L,
Rajabally YA,
Umapathi T,
Topaloglu HA,
Willison HJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
2023 Dec;30(12):3646-3674.
Epub 2023 Oct 10
doi: 10.1111/ene.16073.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37814552" target="_blank">37814552</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37225656">Mechanical Ventilation during ECMO: Best Practices.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rehder KJ,
Alibrahim OS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Respir Care</span>
2023 Jun;68(6):838-845.
doi: 10.4187/respcare.10908.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37225656" target="_blank">37225656</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10208991" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26995592">Contemporary management of acute right ventricular failure: a statement from the Heart Failure Association and the Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function of the European Society of Cardiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Harjola VP,
Mebazaa A,
Čelutkienė J,
Bettex D,
Bueno H,
Chioncel O,
Crespo-Leiro MG,
Falk V,
Filippatos G,
Gibbs S,
Leite-Moreira A,
Lassus J,
Masip J,
Mueller C,
Mullens W,
Naeije R,
Nordegraaf AV,
Parissis J,
Riley JP,
Ristic A,
Rosano G,
Rudiger A,
Ruschitzka F,
Seferovic P,
Sztrymf B,
Vieillard-Baron A,
Yilmaz MB,
Konstantinides S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Heart Fail</span>
2016 Mar;18(3):226-41.
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.478.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26995592" target="_blank">26995592</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (51)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27984382">Diagnostic Yield and Complications of EBUS-TBNA Performed Under Bronchoscopist-directed Conscious Sedation: Single Center Experience of 1004 Subjects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dhooria S,
Sehgal IS,
Gupta N,
Aggarwal AN,
Behera D,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol</span>
2017 Jan;24(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000332.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27984382" target="_blank">27984382</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19283762">Phrenic nerve palsy in children associated with confirmed intrathoracic tuberculosis: diagnosis and clinical course.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goussard P,
Gie RP,
Kling S,
Andronikou S,
Janson JT,
Roussouw GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2009 Apr;44(4):345-50.
doi: 10.1002/ppul.21007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19283762" target="_blank">19283762</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16276332">Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernet V,
Hug MI,
Frey B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Crit Care Med</span>
2005 Nov;6(6):660-4.
doi: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000170612.16938.f6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16276332" target="_blank">16276332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10489491">Respiratory syncytial virus infection in young Malaysian children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chan P,
Goh A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Singapore Med J</span>
1999 May;40(5):336-40.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10489491" target="_blank">10489491</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8228688">Mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation of respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Limthongkul S,
Wongthim S,
Udompanich V,
Charoenlap P,
Nuchprayoon CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
1993 Jan;76(1):1-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8228688" target="_blank">8228688</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33734874">Heterogeneous Pulmonary Phenotypes in Filamin A Mutation-Related Lung Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shah AS,
Black ED,
Simon DM,
Gambello MJ,
Garber KB,
Iannucci GJ,
Riedesel EL,
Kasi AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol</span>
2021 Mar;34(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1089/ped.2020.1280.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33734874" target="_blank">33734874</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8082031" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27984382">Diagnostic Yield and Complications of EBUS-TBNA Performed Under Bronchoscopist-directed Conscious Sedation: Single Center Experience of 1004 Subjects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dhooria S,
Sehgal IS,
Gupta N,
Aggarwal AN,
Behera D,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol</span>
2017 Jan;24(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000332.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27984382" target="_blank">27984382</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18842917">Acute exacerbations of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a case series.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Olson AL,
Huie TJ,
Groshong SD,
Cosgrove GP,
Janssen WJ,
Schwarz MI,
Brown KK,
Frankel SK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Chest</span>
2008 Oct;134(4):844-850.
doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0428.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18842917" target="_blank">18842917</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16276332">Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernet V,
Hug MI,
Frey B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Crit Care Med</span>
2005 Nov;6(6):660-4.
doi: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000170612.16938.f6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16276332" target="_blank">16276332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1402443">Spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Limthongkul S,
Wongthim S,
Udompanich V,
Charoenlap P,
Nuchprayoon C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
1992 Apr;75(4):204-12.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1402443" target="_blank">1402443</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27984382">Diagnostic Yield and Complications of EBUS-TBNA Performed Under Bronchoscopist-directed Conscious Sedation: Single Center Experience of 1004 Subjects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dhooria S,
Sehgal IS,
Gupta N,
Aggarwal AN,
Behera D,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol</span>
2017 Jan;24(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000332.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27984382" target="_blank">27984382</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19283762">Phrenic nerve palsy in children associated with confirmed intrathoracic tuberculosis: diagnosis and clinical course.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goussard P,
Gie RP,
Kling S,
Andronikou S,
Janson JT,
Roussouw GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2009 Apr;44(4):345-50.
doi: 10.1002/ppul.21007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19283762" target="_blank">19283762</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16276332">Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernet V,
Hug MI,
Frey B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Crit Care Med</span>
2005 Nov;6(6):660-4.
doi: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000170612.16938.f6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16276332" target="_blank">16276332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8228688">Mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation of respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Limthongkul S,
Wongthim S,
Udompanich V,
Charoenlap P,
Nuchprayoon CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
1993 Jan;76(1):1-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8228688" target="_blank">8228688</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2353090">Vascular leak syndrome associated with interleukin-2: chest radiographic manifestations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mann H,
Ward JH,
Samlowski WE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
1990 Jul;176(1):191-4.
doi: 10.1148/radiology.176.1.2353090.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2353090" target="_blank">2353090</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33734874">Heterogeneous Pulmonary Phenotypes in Filamin A Mutation-Related Lung Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shah AS,
Black ED,
Simon DM,
Gambello MJ,
Garber KB,
Iannucci GJ,
Riedesel EL,
Kasi AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol</span>
2021 Mar;34(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1089/ped.2020.1280.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33734874" target="_blank">33734874</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8082031" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19283762">Phrenic nerve palsy in children associated with confirmed intrathoracic tuberculosis: diagnosis and clinical course.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goussard P,
Gie RP,
Kling S,
Andronikou S,
Janson JT,
Roussouw GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pulmonol</span>
2009 Apr;44(4):345-50.
doi: 10.1002/ppul.21007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19283762" target="_blank">19283762</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16276332">Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernet V,
Hug MI,
Frey B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Crit Care Med</span>
2005 Nov;6(6):660-4.
doi: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000170612.16938.f6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16276332" target="_blank">16276332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1402443">Spontaneous pneumothorax in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Limthongkul S,
Wongthim S,
Udompanich V,
Charoenlap P,
Nuchprayoon C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
1992 Apr;75(4):204-12.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1402443" target="_blank">1402443</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2353090">Vascular leak syndrome associated with interleukin-2: chest radiographic manifestations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mann H,
Ward JH,
Samlowski WE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
1990 Jul;176(1):191-4.
doi: 10.1148/radiology.176.1.2353090.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2353090" target="_blank">2353090</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27984382">Diagnostic Yield and Complications of EBUS-TBNA Performed Under Bronchoscopist-directed Conscious Sedation: Single Center Experience of 1004 Subjects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dhooria S,
Sehgal IS,
Gupta N,
Aggarwal AN,
Behera D,
Agarwal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol</span>
2017 Jan;24(1):7-14.
doi: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000332.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16276332">Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernet V,
Hug MI,
Frey B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Crit Care Med</span>
2005 Nov;6(6):660-4.
doi: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000170612.16938.f6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16276332" target="_blank">16276332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10489491">Respiratory syncytial virus infection in young Malaysian children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chan P,
Goh A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Singapore Med J</span>
1999 May;40(5):336-40.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10489491" target="_blank">10489491</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Respiratory%20failure%20requiring%20assisted%20ventilation%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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