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<!--
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-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Moyamoya phenomenon</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868764</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4023169</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0011834">HP:0011834</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial carotid arteries owing to the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the circle of Willis. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Moyamoya phenomenon</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892473" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology">Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/927608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vascular morphology">Abnormal vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867613" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology">Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867162" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cerebral artery morphology">Abnormal cerebral artery morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Moyamoya phenomenon</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96587"><div><strong>Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96587</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432246</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII), the most common form of microcephalic primordial dwarfism, is characterized by extreme short stature and microcephaly along with distinctive facial features. Associated features that differentiate it from other forms of primordial dwarfism and that may necessitate treatment include: abnormal dentition, a slender bone skeletal dysplasia with hip deformity and/or scoliosis, insulin resistance / diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cardiac malformations, and global vascular disease. The latter includes neurovascular disease such as moyamoya vasculopathy and intracranial aneurysms (which can lead to strokes), coronary artery disease (which can lead to premature myocardial infarctions), and renal vascular disease. Hypertension, which is also common, can have multiple underlying causes given the complex comorbidities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96587">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339584"><div><strong>Moyamoya disease 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339584</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846689</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels. The abnormal vessels resemble a 'puff of smoke' (moyamoya) on cerebral angiogram. Affected individuals can develop transient ischemic attacks and/or cerebral infarction, and rupture of the collateral vessels can cause intracranial hemorrhage (summary by Kamada et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of moyamoya disease, see MYMY1 (252350).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339584">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_435866"><div><strong>Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>435866</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673186</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ACTA2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/435866">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463207"><div><strong>Moyamoya angiopathy-short stature-facial dysmorphism-hypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463207</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151857</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">This multisystem disorder is characterized by moyamoya disease, short stature, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and facial dysmorphism. Other variable features include dilated cardiomyopathy, premature graying of the hair, and early-onset cataracts. Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid arteries and the main branches, leading to the development of small collateral vessels (moyamoya vessels) at the base of the brain. Affected individuals can develop acute neurologic events due to stroke-like episodes (summary by Miskinyte et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of moyamoya disease, see MYMY1 (252350).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463207">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481320"><div><strong>Moyamoya disease 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481320</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279690</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by stenotic changes of terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries accompanied by surrounding fine arterial collateral vessels. These vascular networks resemble a 'puff of smoke' (Japanese: moyamoya) in angiographic imaging (summary by Roder et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of moyamoya disease, see MYMY1 (252350).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481320">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816733"><div><strong>Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816733</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810403</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Moyamoya disease-6 (MYMY6) is a progressive vasculopathy characterized by occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries and its branches, and the formation of compensatory neovascularization and the moyamoya, or 'puff of smoke,' appearance of these vessels on angiogram. Affected individuals may present with ischemic strokes, intracerebral hemorrhage, or transient ischemic attacks. Patients with MYMY6 usually present early in life with achalasia. Hypertension and Raynaud phenomenon may be associated features (summary by Wallace et al., 2016; Herve et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of moyamoya disease, see MYMY1 (252350).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816733">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_435866" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96587" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463207" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Moyamoya angiopathy-short stature-facial dysmorphism-hypergonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339584" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Moyamoya disease 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481320" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Moyamoya disease 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816733" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Moyamoya disease with early-onset achalasia</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39423446">Efficacy of double-barrel versus single-branch superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass in the treatment of moyamoya disease: Does double-barrel bypass offer any advantages?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huang C,
Huang C,
Lu H,
Liang H,
Liang L,
Liu C,
Yu Y,
Feng D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neurol Neurosurg</span>
2024 Nov;246:108589.
Epub 2024 Oct 10
doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108589.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39423446" target="_blank">39423446</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35255640">Moyamoya Vasculopathy: Cause, Clinical Manifestations, Neuroradiologic Features, and Surgical Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Velo M,
Grasso G,
Fujimura M,
Torregrossa F,
Longo M,
Granata F,
Pitrone A,
Vinci SL,
Ferraù L,
La Spina P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2022 Mar;159:409-425.
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.026.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35255640" target="_blank">35255640</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24402480">Advances and surgical considerations in the treatment of moyamoya disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Derdeyn CP,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurgery</span>
2014 Feb;74 Suppl 1:S116-25.
doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000229.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24402480" target="_blank">24402480</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(moyamoya%20phenomenon)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28925313">Hemodynamics and oxygen extraction in chronic large artery steno-occlusive disease: Clinical applications for predicting stroke risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab</span>
2018 Sep;38(9):1584-1597.
Epub 2017 Sep 19
doi: 10.1177/0271678X17732884.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28925313" target="_blank">28925313</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6125965" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972283">Surgical Revascularization in North American Adults with Moyamoya Phenomenon: Long-Term Angiographic Follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Dunn GP,
Washington CW,
Derdeyn CP,
Chicoine MR,
Grubb RL Jr,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2015 Jul;24(7):1597-608.
Epub 2015 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972283" target="_blank">25972283</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4465995" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17878724">Angiographic examination of spontaneous putaminal hemorrhage.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Park J,
Hwang YH,
Baik SK,
Kim YS,
Park SH,
Hamm IS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2007;24(5):434-8.
Epub 2007 Sep 19
doi: 10.1159/000108433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17878724" target="_blank">17878724</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16645133">Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hallemeier CL,
Rich KM,
Grubb RL Jr,
Chicoine MR,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Zipfel GJ,
Dacey RG Jr,
Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
2006 Jun;37(6):1490-6.
Epub 2006 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16645133" target="_blank">16645133</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8315466">Moyamoya phenomenon after radiation for optic glioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kestle JR,
Hoffman HJ,
Mock AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg</span>
1993 Jul;79(1):32-5.
doi: 10.3171/jns.1993.79.1.0032.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8315466" target="_blank">8315466</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Moyamoya%20phenomenon%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28814167">Cardio-cephalic neural crest syndrome: A novel hypothesis of vascular neurocristopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Komiyama M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Interv Neuroradiol</span>
2017 Dec;23(6):572-576.
Epub 2017 Aug 16
doi: 10.1177/1591019917726093.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28814167" target="_blank">28814167</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5814071" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972283">Surgical Revascularization in North American Adults with Moyamoya Phenomenon: Long-Term Angiographic Follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Dunn GP,
Washington CW,
Derdeyn CP,
Chicoine MR,
Grubb RL Jr,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2015 Jul;24(7):1597-608.
Epub 2015 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972283" target="_blank">25972283</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4465995" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17878724">Angiographic examination of spontaneous putaminal hemorrhage.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Park J,
Hwang YH,
Baik SK,
Kim YS,
Park SH,
Hamm IS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2007;24(5):434-8.
Epub 2007 Sep 19
doi: 10.1159/000108433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17878724" target="_blank">17878724</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16645133">Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hallemeier CL,
Rich KM,
Grubb RL Jr,
Chicoine MR,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Zipfel GJ,
Dacey RG Jr,
Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
2006 Jun;37(6):1490-6.
Epub 2006 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16645133" target="_blank">16645133</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8315466">Moyamoya phenomenon after radiation for optic glioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kestle JR,
Hoffman HJ,
Mock AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg</span>
1993 Jul;79(1):32-5.
doi: 10.3171/jns.1993.79.1.0032.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8315466" target="_blank">8315466</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Moyamoya%20phenomenon%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28283605">Baseline Hemodynamic Impairment and Future Stroke Risk in Adult Idiopathic Moyamoya Phenomenon: Results of a Prospective Natural History Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Derdeyn CP,
Zipfel GJ,
Zazulia AR,
Davis PH,
Prabhakaran S,
Ivan CS,
Aiyagari V,
Sagar JR,
Hantler N,
Shinawi L,
Lee JJ,
Jafri H,
Grubb RL Jr,
Miller JP,
Dacey RG Jr</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
2017 Apr;48(4):894-899.
Epub 2017 Mar 10
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014538.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28283605" target="_blank">28283605</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8204377" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972283">Surgical Revascularization in North American Adults with Moyamoya Phenomenon: Long-Term Angiographic Follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Dunn GP,
Washington CW,
Derdeyn CP,
Chicoine MR,
Grubb RL Jr,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2015 Jul;24(7):1597-608.
Epub 2015 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972283" target="_blank">25972283</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4465995" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21752869">Moyamoya phenomenon in systemic lupus erythematosus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mok CC,
Poon WL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatology (Oxford)</span>
2011 Oct;50(10):1931.
Epub 2011 Jul 13
doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker248.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21752869" target="_blank">21752869</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19335132">Cerebral hemodynamics as a predictor of stroke in adult patients with moyamoya disease: a prospective observational study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zipfel GJ,
Sagar J,
Miller JP,
Videen TO,
Grubb RL Jr,
Dacey RG Jr,
Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurg Focus</span>
2009 Apr;26(4):E6.
doi: 10.3171/2009.01.FOCUS08305.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19335132" target="_blank">19335132</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2747517" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16020757">Moyamoya syndrome in an adolescent with essential thrombocythemia: successful intracranial carotid stent placement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kornblihtt LI,
Cocorullo S,
Miranda C,
Lylyk P,
Heller PG,
Molinas FC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
2005 Aug;36(8):E71-3.
Epub 2005 Jul 14
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000174193.89864.55.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16020757" target="_blank">16020757</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Moyamoya%20phenomenon%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28925313">Hemodynamics and oxygen extraction in chronic large artery steno-occlusive disease: Clinical applications for predicting stroke risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab</span>
2018 Sep;38(9):1584-1597.
Epub 2017 Sep 19
doi: 10.1177/0271678X17732884.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28925313" target="_blank">28925313</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6125965" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972283">Surgical Revascularization in North American Adults with Moyamoya Phenomenon: Long-Term Angiographic Follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Dunn GP,
Washington CW,
Derdeyn CP,
Chicoine MR,
Grubb RL Jr,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2015 Jul;24(7):1597-608.
Epub 2015 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972283" target="_blank">25972283</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4465995" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18597962">Combination of olfactory course anterior cerebral artery and accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) with occluded in situ MCA and related moyamoya phenomenon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin WC,
Hsu SW,
Kuo YL,
Feekes JA,
Wang HC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
2009 Apr;31(4):318-21.
Epub 2008 Jul 1
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2008.05.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18597962" target="_blank">18597962</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16645133">Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hallemeier CL,
Rich KM,
Grubb RL Jr,
Chicoine MR,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Zipfel GJ,
Dacey RG Jr,
Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
2006 Jun;37(6):1490-6.
Epub 2006 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16645133" target="_blank">16645133</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10929734">Marfan syndrome associated with moyamoya phenomenon and aortic dissection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Terada T,
Yokote H,
Tsuura M,
Nakai K,
Ohshima A,
Itakura T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurochir (Wien)</span>
1999;141(6):663-5.
doi: 10.1007/s007010050358.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10929734" target="_blank">10929734</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Moyamoya%20phenomenon%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30361434">Hemodynamic Impairment Measured by Positron-Emission Tomography Is Regionally Associated with Decreased Cortical Thickness in Moyamoya Phenomenon.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee JJ,
Shimony JS,
Jafri H,
Zazulia AR,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GR,
Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span>
2018 Nov;39(11):2037-2044.
Epub 2018 Oct 25
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A5812.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30361434" target="_blank">30361434</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7655355" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28925313">Hemodynamics and oxygen extraction in chronic large artery steno-occlusive disease: Clinical applications for predicting stroke risk.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Derdeyn CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab</span>
2018 Sep;38(9):1584-1597.
Epub 2017 Sep 19
doi: 10.1177/0271678X17732884.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28925313" target="_blank">28925313</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6125965" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25972283">Surgical Revascularization in North American Adults with Moyamoya Phenomenon: Long-Term Angiographic Follow-up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arias EJ,
Dunn GP,
Washington CW,
Derdeyn CP,
Chicoine MR,
Grubb RL Jr,
Moran CJ,
Cross DT 3rd,
Dacey RG Jr,
Zipfel GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2015 Jul;24(7):1597-608.
Epub 2015 May 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25972283" target="_blank">25972283</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4465995" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19374496">Clinical features, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Clinical article.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Starke RM,
Komotar RJ,
Hickman ZL,
Paz YE,
Pugliese AG,
Otten ML,
Garrett MC,
Elkind MS,
Marshall RS,
Festa JR,
Meyers PM,
Connolly ES Jr</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg</span>
2009 Nov;111(5):936-42.
doi: 10.3171/2009.3.JNS08837.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19374496" target="_blank">19374496</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2783413" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17878724">Angiographic examination of spontaneous putaminal hemorrhage.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Park J,
Hwang YH,
Baik SK,
Kim YS,
Park SH,
Hamm IS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebrovasc Dis</span>
2007;24(5):434-8.
Epub 2007 Sep 19
doi: 10.1159/000108433.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17878724" target="_blank">17878724</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Moyamoya%20phenomenon%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34469862">The mechanobiological theory: a unifying hypothesis on the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease based on a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sudhir BJ,
Keelara AG,
Venkat EH,
Kazumata K,
Sundararaman A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurg Focus</span>
2021 Sep;51(3):E6.
doi: 10.3171/2021.6.FOCUS21281.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34469862" target="_blank">34469862</a></div>
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