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<meta name="keywords" content="C4022792, finding, reduced ejection fraction, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A diminution of the volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each cardiac cycle." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (Concept Id: C4022792)
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<!--
UID=868398
ConceptID=C4022792
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868398</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022792</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Reduced ejection fraction</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012664">HP:0012664</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A diminution of the volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each cardiac cycle. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/906971" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiac ventricular function">Abnormal cardiac ventricular function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/69237" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal left ventricular function">Abnormal left ventricular function</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1815067" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction">Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868399" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction">Mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868397" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction">Moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868396" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction">Severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98048"><div><strong>Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410190</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by the clinical triad of: joint contractures that begin in early childhood; slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting initially in a humero-peroneal distribution that later extends to the scapular and pelvic girdle muscles; and cardiac involvement that may manifest as palpitations, presyncope and syncope, poor exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure along with variable cardiac rhythm disturbances. Age of onset, severity, and progression of muscle and cardiac involvement demonstrate both inter- and intrafamilial variability. Clinical variability ranges from early onset with severe presentation in childhood to late onset with slow progression in adulthood. In general, joint contractures appear during the first two decades, followed by muscle weakness and wasting. Cardiac involvement usually occurs after the second decade and respiratory function may be impaired in some individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98048">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_316943"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>316943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832243</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Left ventricular noncompaction is a heart (cardiac) muscle disorder that occurs when the lower left chamber of the heart (left ventricle), which helps the heart pump blood, does not develop correctly. Instead of the muscle being smooth and firm, the cardiac muscle in the left ventricle is thick and appears spongy. The abnormal cardiac muscle is weak and has an impaired ability to pump blood because it either cannot completely contract or it cannot completely relax. For the heart to pump blood normally, cardiac muscle must contract and relax fully.\n\nSome individuals with left ventricular noncompaction experience no symptoms at all; others have heart problems that can include sudden cardiac death. Additional signs and symptoms include abnormal blood clots, irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia), a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), extreme fatigue during exercise (exercise intolerance), shortness of breath (dyspnea), fainting (syncope), swelling of the legs (lymphedema), and trouble laying down flat. Some affected individuals have features of other heart defects. Left ventricular noncompaction can be diagnosed at any age, from birth to late adulthood. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with left ventricular noncompaction develop heart failure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/316943">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_331341"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331341</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1832680</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SCN5A gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331341">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371831"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834481</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYH7 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371831">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324806"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324806</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837471</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYL3 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324806">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334498"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1M</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843808</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CSRP3 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334498">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335735"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1L</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy, a disorder characterized by cardiac dilation and reduced systolic function, represents an outcome of a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired disorders. For background and phenotypic information on dilated cardiomyopathy, see CMD1A (115200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_387998"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>387998</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858154</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the DES gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/387998">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347714"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347714</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-1G (CMD1G) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ventricular dilatation and systolic contractile dysfunction (Siu et al., 1999).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy (CMD), see CMD1A (115200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347714">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350526"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">While most people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are symptom-free or have only mild symptoms, this condition can have serious consequences. It can cause abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that may be life threatening. People with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have an increased risk of sudden death, even if they have no other symptoms of the condition. A small number of affected individuals develop potentially fatal heart failure, which may require heart transplantation.\n\nThe symptoms of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are variable, even within the same family. Many affected individuals have no symptoms. Other people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may experience chest pain; shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion; a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations); lightheadedness; dizziness; and fainting.\n\nNonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tends to be milder. This form typically begins later in life than familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and affected individuals have a lower risk of serious cardiac events and sudden death than people with the familial form.\n\nIn familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac thickening usually occurs in the interventricular septum, which is the muscular wall that separates the lower left chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) from the lower right chamber (the right ventricle). In some people, thickening of the interventricular septum impedes the flow of oxygen-rich blood from the heart, which may lead to an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur) and other signs and symptoms of the condition. Other affected individuals do not have physical obstruction of blood flow, but the pumping of blood is less efficient, which can also lead to symptoms of the condition. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often begins in adolescence or young adulthood, although it can develop at any time throughout life.\n\nHypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) muscle. When multiple members of a family have the condition, it is known as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also occurs in people with no family history; these cases are considered nonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. </div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349383"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861864</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) muscle. When multiple members of a family have the condition, it is known as familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also occurs in people with no family history; these cases are considered nonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. \n\nIn familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac thickening usually occurs in the interventricular septum, which is the muscular wall that separates the lower left chamber of the heart (the left ventricle) from the lower right chamber (the right ventricle). In some people, thickening of the interventricular septum impedes the flow of oxygen-rich blood from the heart, which may lead to an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur) and other signs and symptoms of the condition. Other affected individuals do not have physical obstruction of blood flow, but the pumping of blood is less efficient, which can also lead to symptoms of the condition. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often begins in adolescence or young adulthood, although it can develop at any time throughout life.\n\nNonfamilial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tends to be milder. This form typically begins later in life than familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and affected individuals have a lower risk of serious cardiac events and sudden death than people with the familial form.\n\nThe symptoms of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are variable, even within the same family. Many affected individuals have no symptoms. Other people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may experience chest pain; shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion; a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations); lightheadedness; dizziness; and fainting.\n\nWhile most people with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are symptom-free or have only mild symptoms, this condition can have serious consequences. It can cause abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that may be life threatening. People with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have an increased risk of sudden death, even if they have no other symptoms of the condition. A small number of affected individuals develop potentially fatal heart failure, which may require heart transplantation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349383">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370583"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1X</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FKTN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370583">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370063"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1W</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370063</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969639</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An genetic condition that is a subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutation(s) in the VCL gene, encoding vinculin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370063">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_382807"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>382807</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676271</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial restrictive cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. For the heart to beat normally, the heart (cardiac) muscle must contract and relax in a coordinated way. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs travels first through the upper chambers of the heart (the atria), and then to the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles).\n\nIn people with familial restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is stiff and cannot fully relax after each contraction. Impaired muscle relaxation causes blood to back up in the atria and lungs, which reduces the amount of blood in the ventricles.\n\nFamilial restrictive cardiomyopathy can appear anytime from childhood to adulthood. The first signs and symptoms of this condition in children are failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive), extreme tiredness (fatigue), and fainting. Children who are severely affected may also have abnormal swelling or puffiness (edema), increased blood pressure, an enlarged liver, an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites), and lung congestion. Some children with familial restrictive cardiomyopathy do not have any obvious signs or symptoms, but they may die suddenly due to heart failure. Without treatment, the majority of affected children survive only a few years after they are diagnosed.\n\nAdults with familial restrictive cardiomyopathy typically first develop shortness of breath, fatigue, and a reduced ability to exercise. Some individuals have an irregular heart beat (arrhythmia) and may also experience a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations) and dizziness. Abnormal blood clots are commonly seen in adults with this condition. Without treatment, approximately one-third of adults with familial restrictive cardiomyopathy do not survive more than five years after diagnosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/382807">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394252"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394252</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394252">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412965"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1EE</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2750466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYH6 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_442487"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>442487</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2750472</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TNNC1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/442487">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413929"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1CC</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413929</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NEXN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413929">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462083"><div><strong>Long QT syndrome 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150733</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital long QT syndrome is electrocardiographically characterized by a prolonged QT interval and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias (torsade de pointes). These cardiac arrhythmias may result in recurrent syncope, seizure, or sudden death (Jongbloed et al., 1999).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of long QT syndrome, see LQT1 (192500).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462248"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1GG</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462248</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150898</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SDHA gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462248">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462308"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462308</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150958</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSEN2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462308">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462554"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462554</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151204</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MYOZ2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462554">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462617"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NEXN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477791"><div><strong>Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477791</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3276161</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is characterized by infantile onset of widespread arterial calcification and/or narrowing of large and medium-sized vessels resulting in cardiovascular findings (which can include heart failure, respiratory distress, edema, cyanosis, hypertension, and/or cardiomegaly). Additional findings can include typical skin and retinal manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), periarticular calcifications, development of rickets after infancy, cervical spine fusion, and hearing loss. While mortality in infancy is high, survival into the third and fourth decades has occurred.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477791">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481323"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481323</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279693</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial atrial fibrillation, see ATFB1 (608583).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481323">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766323"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766323</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553409</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GATAD1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766323">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815265"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1JJ</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815265</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3808935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the LAMA4 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815265">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_854382"><div><strong>Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854382</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887523</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Deficiency of very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD), which catalyzes the initial step of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids with a chain length of 14 to 20 carbons, is associated with three phenotypes. The severe early-onset cardiac and multiorgan failure form typically presents in the first months of life with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and arrhythmias, as well as hypotonia, hepatomegaly, and intermittent hypoglycemia. The hepatic or hypoketotic hypoglycemic form typically presents during early childhood with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatomegaly, but without cardiomyopathy. The later-onset episodic myopathic form presents with intermittent rhabdomyolysis provoked by exercise, muscle cramps and/or pain, and/or exercise intolerance. Hypoglycemia typically is not present at the time of symptoms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854382">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863093"><div><strong>Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RAF1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863093">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_905398"><div><strong>Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>905398</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225304</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 13 (MC4DN13) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy soon after birth. Affected individuals have hypotonia, weakness, and failure to thrive, resulting in death in infancy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and decreased levels and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV (summary by Baertling et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/905398">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1377817"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1377817</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4518839</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">AARS2-related disorder includes two distinct phenotypes, infantile-onset cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration with or without leukoencephalopathy. AARS2-related infantile-onset cardiomyopathy is characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, skeletal myopathy, and often lung hypoplasia. Some individuals have nonimmune hydrops and/or seizures. AARS2-related neurodegeneration with or without leukoencephalopathy is characterized by movement disorders, cognitive decline, ovarian failure in females, and psychiatric manifestations. Additional neurologic manifestations (seizures, developmental delay, neuropathy, and/or myopathy) and ocular manifestations can also be present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1377817">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648379"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2c</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648379</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748647</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-2C (CMD2C) is characterized by dilated cardiomyopathy of variable severity, with age of onset ranging from 2 to 20 years. Affected individuals exhibit reduction in coenzyme A (CoA) levels. Some severely affected children die in the first few years of life (Iuso et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy (CMD), see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648379">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782612"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782612</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543535</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-2D (CMD2D) is characterized by neonatal onset of severe cardiomyopathy, with rapid progression to cardiac decompensation and death unless the patient undergoes heart transplantation (Ganapathi et al., 2020).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782612">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779612"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 28</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779612</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543616</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-28 (CMH28) is characterized by asymmetric septal hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and risk of sudden death. Dyspnea is the most common symptom, but more than half of affected individuals are asymptomatic. Hypertrabeculation of the left ventricle with noncompaction has been observed in some patients (Ochoa et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, see CMH1 (192600).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779612">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824039"><div><strong>Hypomagnesemia 7, renal, with or without dilated cardiomyopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824039</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774266</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Renal hypomagnesemia-7 with or without dilated cardiomyopathy (HOMG7) is characterized primarily by renal salt wasting resulting in hypomagnesemia with secondary effects such as hypokalemia or hypocalcemia. Many patients develop nephrocalcinosis, although renal function is generally well-preserved. The age at onset is highly variable, ranging from infancy to young adulthood. A subset of patients develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy as early as in infancy, which may require heart transplant (Schlingmann et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hypomagnesemia, see 602014.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824039">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824069"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2H</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774296</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CMD2H is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and death in early infancy (Verhagen et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see 115200.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824069">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840927"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 100</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840927</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830291</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dilated cardiomyopathy-1OO (CMD1OO) is characterized by enlarged left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, resulting in cardiac failure that may result in premature death. Some patients also exhibit second-degree atrioventricular block and premature ventricular beats (Shi et al., 2023).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of dilated cardiomyopathy, see CMD1A (115200).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840927">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1858408"><div><strong>Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 30, atrial</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1858408</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935586</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial atrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-30 (CMH30) is characterized by atrial arrhythmias, including flutter and fibrillation, atrial structural abnormalities with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fibrosis, and hypertension (Baris Feldman et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1858408">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477791" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481323" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394252" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_905398" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840927" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 100</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (38)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648379" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2c</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782612" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2D</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 2H</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779612" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 28</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1858408" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, familial hypertrophic, 30, atrial</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_382807" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardiomyopathy, familial restrictive, 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1377817" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413929" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1CC</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_316943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1D</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_331341" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1E</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1EE</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347714" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1G</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462248" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1GG</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_387998" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1I</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815265" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1JJ</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1L</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1M</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1S</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462308" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1V</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370063" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1W</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 1X</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766323" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated cardiomyopathy 2B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_442487" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462554" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 16</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349383" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 20</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324806" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824039" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypomagnesemia 7, renal, with or without dilated cardiomyopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long QT syndrome 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_854382" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35086656">Criteria for Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masini G,
Graham FJ,
Pellicori P,
Cleland JGF,
Cuthbert JJ,
Kazmi S,
Inciardi RM,
Clark AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2022 Feb 1;79(4):341-351.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35086656" target="_blank">35086656</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34796878">Transcatheter treatment for tricuspid valve disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Praz F,
Muraru D,
Kreidel F,
Lurz P,
Hahn RT,
Delgado V,
Senni M,
von Bardeleben RS,
Nickenig G,
Hausleiter J,
Mangieri A,
Zamorano JL,
Prendergast BD,
Maisano F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EuroIntervention</span>
2021 Nov 19;17(10):791-808.
doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-21-00695.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34796878" target="_blank">34796878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9724890" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (80)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39160066">Treating iron deficiency in patients with heart failure: what, why, when, how, where and who.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Graham FJ,
Guha K,
Cleland JG,
Kalra PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
2024 Sep 25;110(20):1201-1207.
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-322030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39160066" target="_blank">39160066</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11503115" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32267465">Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Severely Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun LY,
Gaudino M,
Chen RJ,
Bader Eddeen A,
Ruel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun 1;5(6):631-641.
doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0239.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32267465" target="_blank">32267465</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7142806" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31177833">Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bjarnason-Wehrens B,
Nebel R,
Jensen K,
Hackbusch M,
Grilli M,
Gielen S,
Schwaab B,
Rauch B;
German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (DGPR)</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Prev Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun;27(9):929-952.
Epub 2019 Jun 8
doi: 10.1177/2047487319854140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31177833" target="_blank">31177833</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7272131" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28460827">Heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Metra M,
Teerlink JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1981-1995.
Epub 2017 Apr 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31071-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28460827" target="_blank">28460827</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1161)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39160066">Treating iron deficiency in patients with heart failure: what, why, when, how, where and who.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Graham FJ,
Guha K,
Cleland JG,
Kalra PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
2024 Sep 25;110(20):1201-1207.
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-322030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39160066" target="_blank">39160066</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11503115" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35086656">Criteria for Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masini G,
Graham FJ,
Pellicori P,
Cleland JGF,
Cuthbert JJ,
Kazmi S,
Inciardi RM,
Clark AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
2022 Feb 1;79(4):341-351.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35086656" target="_blank">35086656</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31177833">Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bjarnason-Wehrens B,
Nebel R,
Jensen K,
Hackbusch M,
Grilli M,
Gielen S,
Schwaab B,
Rauch B;
German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (DGPR)</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Prev Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun;27(9):929-952.
Epub 2019 Jun 8
doi: 10.1177/2047487319854140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31177833" target="_blank">31177833</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7272131" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28460827">Heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Metra M,
Teerlink JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1981-1995.
Epub 2017 Apr 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31071-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28460827" target="_blank">28460827</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (666)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38742248">Finerenone in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: Rationale and design of the FINEARTS-HF trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vaduganathan M,
Claggett BL,
Lam CSP,
Pitt B,
Senni M,
Shah SJ,
Voors AA,
Zannad F,
Desai AS,
Jhund PS,
Viswanathan P,
Bomfim Wirtz A,
Schloemer P,
Lay-Flurrie J,
McMurray JJV,
Solomon SD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Heart Fail</span>
2024 Jun;26(6):1324-1333.
Epub 2024 May 14
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3253.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38742248" target="_blank">38742248</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36347265">Intravenous ferric derisomaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency in the UK (IRONMAN): an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kalra PR,
Cleland JGF,
Petrie MC,
Thomson EA,
Kalra PA,
Squire IB,
Ahmed FZ,
Al-Mohammad A,
Cowburn PJ,
Foley PWX,
Graham FJ,
Japp AG,
Lane RE,
Lang NN,
Ludman AJ,
Macdougall IC,
Pellicori P,
Ray R,
Robertson M,
Seed A,
Ford I;
IRONMAN Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2022 Dec 17;400(10369):2199-2209.
Epub 2022 Nov 5
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02083-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36347265" target="_blank">36347265</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28460827">Heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Metra M,
Teerlink JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1981-1995.
Epub 2017 Apr 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31071-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28460827" target="_blank">28460827</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24716680">Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pitt B,
Pfeffer MA,
Assmann SF,
Boineau R,
Anand IS,
Claggett B,
Clausell N,
Desai AS,
Diaz R,
Fleg JL,
Gordeev I,
Harty B,
Heitner JF,
Kenwood CT,
Lewis EF,
O'Meara E,
Probstfield JL,
Shaburishvili T,
Shah SJ,
Solomon SD,
Sweitzer NK,
Yang S,
McKinlay SM;
TOPCAT Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2014 Apr 10;370(15):1383-92.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313731.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24716680" target="_blank">24716680</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (696)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32267465">Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Severely Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun LY,
Gaudino M,
Chen RJ,
Bader Eddeen A,
Ruel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun 1;5(6):631-641.
doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0239.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32267465" target="_blank">32267465</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7142806" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28460827">Heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Metra M,
Teerlink JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Oct 28;390(10106):1981-1995.
Epub 2017 Apr 28
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31071-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28460827" target="_blank">28460827</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24716680">Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pitt B,
Pfeffer MA,
Assmann SF,
Boineau R,
Anand IS,
Claggett B,
Clausell N,
Desai AS,
Diaz R,
Fleg JL,
Gordeev I,
Harty B,
Heitner JF,
Kenwood CT,
Lewis EF,
O'Meara E,
Probstfield JL,
Shaburishvili T,
Shah SJ,
Solomon SD,
Sweitzer NK,
Yang S,
McKinlay SM;
TOPCAT Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2014 Apr 10;370(15):1383-92.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1313731.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24716680" target="_blank">24716680</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19920054">Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anker SD,
Comin Colet J,
Filippatos G,
Willenheimer R,
Dickstein K,
Drexler H,
Lüscher TF,
Bart B,
Banasiak W,
Niegowska J,
Kirwan BA,
Mori C,
von Eisenhart Rothe B,
Pocock SJ,
Poole-Wilson PA,
Ponikowski P;
FAIR-HF Trial Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2009 Dec 17;361(25):2436-48.
Epub 2009 Nov 17
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908355.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19920054" target="_blank">19920054</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (918)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38269451">Efficacy and safety of CDR132L in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: Rationale and design of the HF-REVERT trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bauersachs J,
Solomon SD,
Anker SD,
Antorrena-Miranda I,
Batkai S,
Viereck J,
Rump S,
Filippatos G,
Granzer U,
Ponikowski P,
de Boer RA,
Vardeny O,
Hauke W,
Thum T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Heart Fail</span>
2024 Mar;26(3):674-682.
Epub 2024 Jan 25
doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3139.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38269451" target="_blank">38269451</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32339046">Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marcus GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2020 Apr 28;141(17):1404-1418.
Epub 2020 Apr 27
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32339046" target="_blank">32339046</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32267465">Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Severely Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun LY,
Gaudino M,
Chen RJ,
Bader Eddeen A,
Ruel M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun 1;5(6):631-641.
doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0239.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32267465" target="_blank">32267465</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7142806" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31177833">Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bjarnason-Wehrens B,
Nebel R,
Jensen K,
Hackbusch M,
Grilli M,
Gielen S,
Schwaab B,
Rauch B;
German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (DGPR)</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Prev Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun;27(9):929-952.
Epub 2019 Jun 8
doi: 10.1177/2047487319854140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31177833" target="_blank">31177833</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7272131" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24500073">Diabetes-related heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bando YK,
Murohara T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ J</span>
2014;78(3):576-83.
Epub 2014 Feb 6
doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1564.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24500073" target="_blank">24500073</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (805)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39332051">Association between reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and functional outcomes in acute stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Oliveira BFS,
de Santana CVC,
Bispo RG,
Oliveira-Filho J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neurol Neurosurg</span>
2024 Nov;246:108566.
Epub 2024 Sep 21
doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108566.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39332051" target="_blank">39332051</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38573261">Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants in Cardiomyopathy-Associated Genes in Acute Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Monda E,
Bakalakos A,
Cannie D,
O'Mahony C,
Syrris P,
Kaski JP,
Limongelli G,
Elliott PM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Heart Fail</span>
2024 Jun;12(6):1101-1111.
Epub 2024 Apr 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.02.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38573261" target="_blank">38573261</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37877802">Cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Taha AM,
Hendi NI,
Elwekel AB,
Atia A,
Taha NA,
Shrestha AB,
Elbanna M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Cardiol</span>
2024 Jan;47(1):e24177.
Epub 2023 Oct 25
doi: 10.1002/clc.24177.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37877802" target="_blank">37877802</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10766134" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31177833">Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study in Heart Failure (CROS-HF): A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bjarnason-Wehrens B,
Nebel R,
Jensen K,
Hackbusch M,
Grilli M,
Gielen S,
Schwaab B,
Rauch B;
German Society of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (DGPR)</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Prev Cardiol</span>
2020 Jun;27(9):929-952.
Epub 2019 Jun 8
doi: 10.1177/2047487319854140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31177833" target="_blank">31177833</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7272131" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31345646">Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on peak oxygen consumption, muscle strength and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gomes-Neto M,
Durães AR,
Conceição LSR,
Roever L,
Silva CM,
Alves IGN,
Ellingsen Ø,
Carvalho VO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Cardiol</span>
2019 Oct 15;293:165-175.
Epub 2019 Jun 24
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31345646" target="_blank">31345646</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (36)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Reduced%20left%20ventricular%20ejection%20fraction" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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