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<meta name="keywords" content="C0270724, disease or syndrome, disease, seitelberger, disease, seitelberger's, dystrophy, infantile neuroaxonal, hunter carpenter macdonald syndrome, hunter-carpenter-mcdonald syndrome, inad, inad - infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, inad1, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy/atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, karak syndrome, included, nbia, pla2g6 related, nbia, pla2g6-related, nbia2a, neuroaxonal dystrophy presenting with neonatal dysmorphic features, early onset of peripheral gangrene, neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2a, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 2a, neurodegeneration, pla2g6 associated, neurodegeneration, pla2g6-associated, phospholipase a2-associated neurodegeneration, pla2g6, pla2g6-associated neurodegeneration, pla2g6-related nbia, plan, seitelberger disease, seitelberger's disease, seitelbergers disease, spastic amaurotic axonal idiocy, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a continuum of three phenotypes with overlapping clinical and radiologic features: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD). PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD usually begins between ages six months and three years with psychomotor regression or delay, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Many affected children never learn to walk or lose the ability shortly after attaining it. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Disease progression is rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, progressive cognitive decline, and visual impairment. Many affected children do not survive beyond their first decade. Atypical NAD shows more phenotypic variability than INAD. In general, onset is in early childhood but can be as late as the end of the second decade. The presenting signs may be gait instability, ataxia, or speech delay and autistic features, which are sometimes the only evidence of disease for a year or more. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Neuropsychiatric disturbances including impulsivity, poor attention span, hyperactivity, and emotional lability are also common. The course is fairly stable during early childhood and resembles static encephalopathy but is followed by neurologic deterioration between ages seven and 12 years. PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism has a variable age of onset, but most individuals present in early adulthood with gait disturbance or neuropsychiatric changes. Affected individuals consistently develop dystonia and parkinsonism (which may be accompanied by rapid cognitive decline) in their late teens to early twenties. Dystonia is most common in the hands and feet but may be more generalized. The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<div><div class="rprt full-rprt"><div class="portlet" style="border-top-style: none; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.2em;">
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<!--
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||
UID=82852
|
||
ConceptID=C0270724
|
||
-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 1--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1675/bin/inad-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1675/bin/inad-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1675/figure/inad.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy<span class="h1sub">(NBIA2A)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82852</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0270724</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1; NBIA2A; NEURODEGENERATION WITH BRAIN IRON ACCUMULATION 2A; SEITELBERGER DISEASE</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Seitelberger disease (52713000); INAD - Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (52713000); Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (52713000); Seitelberger's disease (52713000); Spastic amaurotic axonal idiocy (52713000)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
|
||
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
|
||
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="PLA2G6 - ID: 8398 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/8398" class="medgenPMinfo">PLA2G6</a> (22q13.1)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0024457" target="_blank">MONDO:0024457</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/256600" target="_blank">256600</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=35069">ORPHA35069</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a continuum of three phenotypes with overlapping clinical and radiologic features: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD). PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD usually begins between ages six months and three years with psychomotor regression or delay, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Many affected children never learn to walk or lose the ability shortly after attaining it. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Disease progression is rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, progressive cognitive decline, and visual impairment. Many affected children do not survive beyond their first decade. Atypical NAD shows more phenotypic variability than INAD. In general, onset is in early childhood but can be as late as the end of the second decade. The presenting signs may be gait instability, ataxia, or speech delay and autistic features, which are sometimes the only evidence of disease for a year or more. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Neuropsychiatric disturbances including impulsivity, poor attention span, hyperactivity, and emotional lability are also common. The course is fairly stable during early childhood and resembles static encephalopathy but is followed by neurologic deterioration between ages seven and 12 years. PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism has a variable age of onset, but most individuals present in early adulthood with gait disturbance or neuropsychiatric changes. Affected individuals consistently develop dystonia and parkinsonism (which may be accompanied by rapid cognitive decline) in their late teens to early twenties. Dystonia is most common in the hands and feet but may be more generalized. The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is a disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. Individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy typically do not have any symptoms at birth, but between the ages of about 6 and 18 months they begin to experience delays in acquiring new motor and intellectual skills, such as crawling or beginning to speak. Eventually they lose previously acquired skills (developmental regression). In some cases, signs and symptoms of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy first appear later in childhood or during the teenage years and progress more slowly.<br /><br />Children with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy experience progressive difficulties with movement. They generally have muscles that are at first weak and "floppy" (hypotonic), and then gradually become very stiff (spastic). Eventually, affected children lose the ability to move independently. Lack of muscle strength causes difficulty with feeding. Muscle weakness can also result in breathing problems that can lead to frequent infections, such as pneumonia. Seizures occur in some affected children.<br /><br />Rapid, involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), eyes that do not look in the same direction (strabismus), and vision loss due to deterioration (atrophy) of the nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain (the optic nerve) often occur in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Hearing loss may also develop. Children with this disorder experience progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (dementia), and they eventually lose awareness of their surroundings.<br /><br />Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is characterized by the development of swellings called spheroid bodies in the axons, the fibers that extend from nerve cells (neurons) and transmit impulses to muscles and other neurons. In some individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, abnormal amounts of iron accumulate in a specific region of the brain called the basal ganglia. The relationship of these features to the symptoms of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is unknown. <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/infantile-neuroaxonal-dystrophy">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/infantile-neuroaxonal-dystrophy</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4899"><div><strong>Gliosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4899</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0017639</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4899">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gliosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204899%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_17999"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>17999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0027746</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/17999">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurodegeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2017999%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68544"><div><strong>Unsteady gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0231686</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68544">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068544%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68582"><div><strong>Abnormal pyramidal sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68582</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0234132</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68582">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20pyramidal%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068582%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115943"><div><strong>Areflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0234146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115943">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Areflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115943%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116012"><div><strong>Cerebral atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0235946</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116012">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116012%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98433"><div><strong>Spastic tetraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98433</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0426970</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paralysis affecting all four limbs.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98433">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20tetraplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098433%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105509"><div><strong>Abnormality of visual evoked potentials</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105509</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0522214</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105509">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20visual%20evoked%20potentials%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105509%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324613"><div><strong>Developmental regression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Developmental%20regression%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342515"><div><strong>Neuronal loss in central nervous system</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342515</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1850496</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342515">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neuronal%20loss%20in%20central%20nervous%20system%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342515%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_347509"><div><strong>Decreased nerve conduction velocity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347509</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in the speed at which electrical signals propagate along the axon of a neuron.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347509">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20nerve%20conduction%20velocity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20347509%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_866729"><div><strong>Iron accumulation in brain</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>866729</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021076</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal build up of iron (Fe) in brain tissue.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/866729">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Iron%20accumulation%20in%20brain%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20866729%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892809"><div><strong>Abnormal pyramidal tract morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892809</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4021761</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any structural abnormality of the pyramidal tract, whose chief element, the corticospinal tract, is the only direct connection between the brain and the spinal cord. In addition to the corticospinal tract, the pyramidal system includes the corticobulbar, corticomesencephalic, and corticopontine tracts.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892809">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20pyramidal%20tract%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892809%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868342"><div><strong>Reduced social responsiveness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4022736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduced ability to participate in the back-and-forth flow of social interaction appropriate to culture and developmental level, which is normally characterized by an influence of the behavior of one person on the behavior of another person. This results in difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868342">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Reduced%20social%20responsiveness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868342%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_67453"><div><strong>Frontal bossing</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67453</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221354</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67453">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Frontal%20bossing%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2067453%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_155433"><div><strong>Generalized muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155433</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0746674</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized weakness or decreased strength of the muscles, affecting both distal and proximal musculature.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155433">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20155433%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_871143"><div><strong>EMG: chronic denervation signs</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>871143</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4025614</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Evidence of chronic denervation on electromyography.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/871143">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22EMG%3A%20chronic%20denervation%20signs%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20871143%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373291"><div><strong>Prominent forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1837260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_343052"><div><strong>Short nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343052">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20343052%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18180"><div><strong>Optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0029124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Optic%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_784038"><div><strong>Visual loss</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>784038</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3665386</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/784038">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Visual%20loss%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20784038%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(".TreeLite","#ID_102").TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_343052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short nose</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_784038" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Visual loss</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_871143" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">EMG: chronic denervation signs</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_67453" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontal bossing</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_155433" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68582" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal pyramidal sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892809" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal pyramidal tract morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105509" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of visual evoked potentials</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Areflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_347509" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased nerve conduction velocity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental regression</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4899" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gliosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_866729" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Iron accumulation in brain</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_17999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342515" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuronal loss in central nervous system</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reduced social responsiveness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98433" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic tetraplegia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Unsteady gait</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
|
||
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931845[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK121988/" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=444156" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/444156" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=444156&link_uid=444156" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0878682[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0878682[DISCUI]&test_type=Research&redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=168057" target="_blank" href="/omim/117700">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1493%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=168057" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/168057" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=168057&link_uid=168057" title="View MedGen record for 'Deficiency of ferroxidase'">Deficiency of ferroxidase</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4310667[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=934634">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=934634" target="_blank" href="/omim/604934">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=934634" ref="ncbi_uid=934634">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/934634" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=934634&link_uid=934634" title="View MedGen record for 'Encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy'">Encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3668943[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical&redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=777150">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=777150" target="_blank" href="/omim/612319">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK56080/" ref="ncbi_uid=777150">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/777150" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=777150&link_uid=777150" title="View MedGen record for 'Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration'">Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3496228[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=501249" target="_blank" href="/omim/611026">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK56080%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=501249" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/501249" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=501249&link_uid=501249" title="View MedGen record for 'Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1847640[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=338281" target="_blank" href="/omim/606693">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1223%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=338281" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338281" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=338281&link_uid=338281" title="View MedGen record for 'Kufor-Rakeb syndrome'">Kufor-Rakeb syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/830971" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=830971&link_uid=830971" title="View MedGen record for 'Parkinsonism due to ATP13A2 deficiency'">Parkinsonism due to ATP13A2 deficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3280371[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=482001" target="_blank" href="/omim/614298">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK185329)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=482001" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482001" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=482001&link_uid=482001" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3550973[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=763887" target="_blank" href="/omim/300526">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK424403)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=763887" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/763887" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=763887&link_uid=763887" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4517377[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1387791" target="_blank" href="/omim/609855">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK121988/" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1387791" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1387791" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1387791&link_uid=1387791" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4693583[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1647672">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1647672" target="_blank" href="/omim/614825">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1647672" ref="ncbi_uid=1647672">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647672" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1647672&link_uid=1647672" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4693587[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1645224">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1645224" target="_blank" href="/omim/600184">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1645224" ref="ncbi_uid=1645224">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1645224" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1645224&link_uid=1645224" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853578[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=381211" target="_blank" href="/omim/134790">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1141%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=381211" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/381211" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=381211&link_uid=381211" title="View MedGen record for 'Neuroferritinopathy'">Neuroferritinopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0018523[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=6708" target="_blank" href="/omim/234200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1490%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=6708" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6708" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=6708&link_uid=6708" title="View MedGen record for 'Pigmentary pallidal degeneration'">Pigmentary pallidal degeneration</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1800044" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1800044&link_uid=1800044" title="View MedGen record for 'Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration'">Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5679812[DISCUI]&test_type=Research&redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=1826057">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1826057" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=1826057&link_uid=1826057" title="View MedGen record for 'Classic pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration'">Classic pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN204472[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1675/" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=831067" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/831067" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=831067&link_uid=831067" title="View MedGen record for 'PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration'">PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2751842[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414488" target="_blank" href="/omim/612953">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1223/" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=414488" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414488" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=414488&link_uid=414488" title="View MedGen record for 'Autosomal recessive Parkinson disease 14'">Autosomal recessive Parkinson disease 14</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0270724[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=82852" target="_blank" href="/omim/256600">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1675%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=82852" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1857747[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=346658" target="_blank" href="/omim/603604">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1675/" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=346658" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346658" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=346658&link_uid=346658" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342286[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=83337" target="_blank" href="/omim/241080">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK378974)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=83337" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83337" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=83337&link_uid=83337" title="View MedGen record for 'Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome'">Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1825937" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary peripheral neuropathy">Hereditary peripheral neuropathy</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37503585">Diagnosis, treatment and genetic analysis of a child with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gong WD,
|
||
Tao G,
|
||
Zhao TT,
|
||
Yang Y,
|
||
Ji H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Yi Chuan</span>
|
||
2023 Jul 20;45(7):617-623.
|
||
doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-034.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37503585" target="_blank">37503585</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37403138">Phenotype and genotype heterogeneity of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dehnavi AZ,
|
||
Bemanalizadeh M,
|
||
Kahani SM,
|
||
Ashrafi MR,
|
||
Rohani M,
|
||
Toosi MB,
|
||
Heidari M,
|
||
Hosseinpour S,
|
||
Amini B,
|
||
Zokaei S,
|
||
Rezaei Z,
|
||
Aryan H,
|
||
Amanat M,
|
||
Vahidnezhad H,
|
||
Mohammadi P,
|
||
Garshasbi M,
|
||
Tavasoli AR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2023 Jul 5;18(1):177.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02780-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37403138" target="_blank">37403138</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10320940" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37285793">A systematic analysis of genotype-phenotype associations with PLA2G6.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xue J,
|
||
Ding DX,
|
||
Xu GY,
|
||
Wang PZ,
|
||
Ge YL,
|
||
Zhang JR,
|
||
Cheng XY,
|
||
Wang YM,
|
||
Jin H,
|
||
Luo SY,
|
||
Zheng YH,
|
||
Chen J,
|
||
Wang F,
|
||
Li D,
|
||
Mao CJ,
|
||
Li K,
|
||
Liu CF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2023 Jul;112:105477.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jun 1
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105477.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37285793" target="_blank">37285793</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37236368">The role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Deng X,
|
||
Yuan L,
|
||
Jankovic J,
|
||
Deng H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ageing Res Rev</span>
|
||
2023 Aug;89:101957.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 24
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101957.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37236368" target="_blank">37236368</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29325618">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayflick SJ,
|
||
Kurian MA,
|
||
Hogarth P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2018;147:293-305.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63233-3.00019-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29325618" target="_blank">29325618</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8235601" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27884548">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: An update for the diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iodice A,
|
||
Spagnoli C,
|
||
Salerno GG,
|
||
Frattini D,
|
||
Bertani G,
|
||
Bergonzini P,
|
||
Pisani F,
|
||
Fusco C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
|
||
2017 Feb;39(2):93-100.
|
||
Epub 2016 Nov 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.08.012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27884548" target="_blank">27884548</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23622415">Axonal dystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nardocci N,
|
||
Zorzi G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2013;113:1919-24.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00062-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23622415" target="_blank">23622415</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15365152">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration: locus heterogeneity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hörtnagel K,
|
||
Nardocci N,
|
||
Zorzi G,
|
||
Garavaglia B,
|
||
Botz E,
|
||
Meitinger T,
|
||
Klopstock T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2004 Sep 14;63(5):922-4.
|
||
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000137046.28085.b2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15365152" target="_blank">15365152</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (88)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29325618">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayflick SJ,
|
||
Kurian MA,
|
||
Hogarth P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2018;147:293-305.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63233-3.00019-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29325618" target="_blank">29325618</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8235601" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27884548">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: An update for the diagnosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Iodice A,
|
||
Spagnoli C,
|
||
Salerno GG,
|
||
Frattini D,
|
||
Bertani G,
|
||
Bergonzini P,
|
||
Pisani F,
|
||
Fusco C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
|
||
2017 Feb;39(2):93-100.
|
||
Epub 2016 Nov 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.08.012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27884548" target="_blank">27884548</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23622415">Axonal dystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nardocci N,
|
||
Zorzi G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2013;113:1919-24.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00062-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23622415" target="_blank">23622415</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12455862">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (Seitelberger's disease).</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gordon N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
|
||
2002 Dec;44(12):849-51.
|
||
doi: 10.1017/s0012162201003036.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12455862" target="_blank">12455862</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4712933">Hallervorden-Spatz disease and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Clinical characteristics and nosological considerations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gilman S,
|
||
Barrett RE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
|
||
1973 Jun;19(2):189-205.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(73)90162-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4712933" target="_blank">4712933</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (94)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26793900">Extreme Spindles and Leukoencephalopathy after Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment: An Undescribed Association.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanda PA,
|
||
Kanda RG,
|
||
Mei PA,
|
||
Cury IJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurodiagn J</span>
|
||
2015 Dec;55(4):235-42.
|
||
doi: 10.1080/21646821.2015.1092779.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26793900" target="_blank">26793900</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11897533">Electrophysiological assessment of the effect of intrathecal baclofen in spastic children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dachy B,
|
||
Dan B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neurophysiol</span>
|
||
2002 Mar;113(3):336-40.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00010-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11897533" target="_blank">11897533</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37285793">A systematic analysis of genotype-phenotype associations with PLA2G6.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xue J,
|
||
Ding DX,
|
||
Xu GY,
|
||
Wang PZ,
|
||
Ge YL,
|
||
Zhang JR,
|
||
Cheng XY,
|
||
Wang YM,
|
||
Jin H,
|
||
Luo SY,
|
||
Zheng YH,
|
||
Chen J,
|
||
Wang F,
|
||
Li D,
|
||
Mao CJ,
|
||
Li K,
|
||
Liu CF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
|
||
2023 Jul;112:105477.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jun 1
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105477.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37285793" target="_blank">37285793</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32357911">The natural history of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Altuame FD,
|
||
Foskett G,
|
||
Atwal PS,
|
||
Endemann S,
|
||
Midei M,
|
||
Milner P,
|
||
Salih MA,
|
||
Hamad M,
|
||
Al-Muhaizea M,
|
||
Hashem M,
|
||
Alkuraya FS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2020 May 1;15(1):109.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01355-2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32357911" target="_blank">32357911</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7193406" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23622415">Axonal dystrophies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nardocci N,
|
||
Zorzi G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2013;113:1919-24.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59565-2.00062-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23622415" target="_blank">23622415</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23073992">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: a rare cause of early childhood ataxia with poor prognosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El Arbi S,
|
||
Demant A,
|
||
Kohlschmidt N,
|
||
Horneff G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Klin Padiatr</span>
|
||
2013 Jan;225(1):41-2.
|
||
Epub 2012 Oct 16
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1323834.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23073992" target="_blank">23073992</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10379598">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy: neuroradiological studies in 11 patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Farina L,
|
||
Nardocci N,
|
||
Bruzzone MG,
|
||
D'Incerti L,
|
||
Zorzi G,
|
||
Verga L,
|
||
Morbin M,
|
||
Savoiardo M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroradiology</span>
|
||
1999 May;41(5):376-80.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s002340050768.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10379598" target="_blank">10379598</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (31)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29325618">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayflick SJ,
|
||
Kurian MA,
|
||
Hogarth P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2018;147:293-305.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63233-3.00019-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29325618" target="_blank">29325618</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8235601" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4406231">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD): light and electron microscopic observations of an autopsy case.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ametani T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuropadiatrie</span>
|
||
1974 Feb;5(1):63-70.
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1091689.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4406231" target="_blank">4406231</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4355342">Hallervorden-Spatz disease and infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Ultrastructural observations, anatomical pathology and nosology.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Defendini R,
|
||
Markesbery WR,
|
||
Mastri AR,
|
||
Duffy PE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
|
||
1973 Sep;20(1):7-23.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(73)90114-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4355342" target="_blank">4355342</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4179165">Electron microscopic observations in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Report of a cortical biopsy and review of the recent literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Herman MM,
|
||
Huttenlocher PR,
|
||
Bensch KG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
|
||
1969 Jan;20(1):19-34.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1969.00480070029004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4179165" target="_blank">4179165</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5646198">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy with neonatal onset. Neuropathologic and electron microscopic observations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kamoshita S,
|
||
Neustein HB,
|
||
Landing BH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuropathol Exp Neurol</span>
|
||
1968 Apr;27(2):300-23.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00005072-196804000-00008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5646198" target="_blank">5646198</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (47)</a></div></div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0270724%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (44)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0270724%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F15" target="_blank">Methylation analysis (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0270724%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (57)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0270724%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (7)</a></li>
|
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0270724%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (65)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=256600" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=35069" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&start=1&limit=10&sort=score%20desc&field=number&search=603604" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=8398[geneid]" target="_blank">View PLA2G6 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/160358371" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=256600" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Neuroaxonal+dystrophy%2C+infantile/5159" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/neurodegeneration_with_brain_iron_accumulation_2a" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Infantile%20neuroaxonal%20dystrophy" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/infantile-neuroaxonal-dystrophy" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3957/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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