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<!--
|
||
UID=7544
|
||
ConceptID=C0025362
|
||
-->
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||
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Mental Retardation</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0025362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Mental retardation</td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">A developmental disorder characterized by less than average intelligence and significant limitations in adaptive behavior with onset before the age of 18. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Mental Retardation</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/453059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurodevelopmental disorder">Neurodevelopmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3367" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Developmental disorder">Developmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/453059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurodevelopmental disorder">Neurodevelopmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3367" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Developmental disorder">Developmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/453059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurodevelopmental disorder">Neurodevelopmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3367" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Developmental disorder">Developmental disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Mental Retardation</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/862975" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for ADNP-related multiple congenital anomalies - intellectual disability - autism spectrum disorder">ADNP-related multiple congenital anomalies - intellectual disability - autism spectrum disorder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337145" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Alpha thalassemia-X-linked intellectual disability syndrome">Alpha thalassemia-X-linked intellectual disability syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78557" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome">Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/394455" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Christianson syndrome">Christianson syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/409857" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 1">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/382611" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 5">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 5</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/909304" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 39">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 39</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482674" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 34">Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 34</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/444070" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intellectual disability, X-linked 1">Intellectual disability, X-linked 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/894460" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mental Retardation, Autosomal Dominant 40">Mental Retardation, Autosomal Dominant 40</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/897961" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mental Retardation, X-linked 102">Mental Retardation, X-linked 102</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1790595" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mental Retardation, X-linked 21/34">Mental Retardation, X-linked 21/34</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/208670" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Renpenning syndrome">Renpenning syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842506" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hamel cerebro-palato-cardiac syndrome">Hamel cerebro-palato-cardiac syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842639" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked intellectual disability, Golabi-Ito-hall type">X-linked intellectual disability, Golabi-Ito-hall type</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842708" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked intellectual disability, Porteous type">X-linked intellectual disability, Porteous type</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842836" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked intellectual disability, Sutherland-Haan type">X-linked intellectual disability, Sutherland-Haan type</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/767363" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Severe intellectual disability-progressive spastic diplegia syndrome">Severe intellectual disability-progressive spastic diplegia syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337496" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Lubs type">Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Lubs type</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337334" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for X-linked intellectual disability Cabezas type">X-linked intellectual disability Cabezas type</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36803942">Joubert syndrome: Molecular basis and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spahiu L,
|
||
Behluli E,
|
||
Grajçevci-Uka V,
|
||
Liehr T,
|
||
Temaj G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mother Child</span>
|
||
2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 22
|
||
doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36803942" target="_blank">36803942</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10032320" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16815993">Mental retardation: management and prognosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Johnson CP,
|
||
Walker WO Jr</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
|
||
2006 Jul;27(7):249-55; quiz 256.
|
||
doi: 10.1542/pir.27-7-249.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16815993" target="_blank">16815993</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15202698">Sialorrhea: a management challenge.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hockstein NG,
|
||
Samadi DS,
|
||
Gendron K,
|
||
Handler SD</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
|
||
2004 Jun 1;69(11):2628-34.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15202698" target="_blank">15202698</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22mental%20retardation%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (703)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30466056">Do comorbidities among patients with mental retardation differ across various age groups?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh S,
|
||
Singh LK,
|
||
Sahu M,
|
||
Tikka SK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asian J Psychiatr</span>
|
||
2019 Jan;39:12-14.
|
||
Epub 2018 Nov 13
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30466056" target="_blank">30466056</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23352653">Neurobehavioural evidence for the involvement of the FMR1 gene in female carriers of fragile X syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kraan CM,
|
||
Hocking DR,
|
||
Bradshaw JL,
|
||
Fielding J,
|
||
Cohen J,
|
||
Georgiou-Karistianis N,
|
||
Cornish KM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
|
||
2013 Mar;37(3):522-47.
|
||
Epub 2013 Jan 23
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.010.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23352653" target="_blank">23352653</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18971887">X-linked mental retardation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lisik MZ,
|
||
Sieron AL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci Monit</span>
|
||
2008 Nov;14(11):RA221-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18971887" target="_blank">18971887</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8034826">Outpatient psychotherapy for adults with mental retardation and concomitant psychopathology: research and clinical imperatives.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nezu CM,
|
||
Nezu AM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Consult Clin Psychol</span>
|
||
1994 Feb;62(1):34-42.
|
||
doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.62.1.34.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8034826" target="_blank">8034826</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2029684">Folie à deux and mental retardation: review and case report.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ghaziuddin M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Psychiatry</span>
|
||
1991 Feb;36(1):48-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/070674379103600110.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2029684" target="_blank">2029684</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental%20Retardation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7016)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22001764">Advances in understanding fragile X syndrome and related disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rooms L,
|
||
Kooy RF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
|
||
2011 Dec;23(6):601-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834c7f1a.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22001764" target="_blank">22001764</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2029684">Folie à deux and mental retardation: review and case report.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ghaziuddin M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Psychiatry</span>
|
||
1991 Feb;36(1):48-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/070674379103600110.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2029684" target="_blank">2029684</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5905730">Mental retardation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Crausman B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Psychosomatics</span>
|
||
1966 Jan-Feb;7(1):19-20.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0033-3182(66)72196-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5905730" target="_blank">5905730</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14216379">GENETIC COUNSELING.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">PRIEST JH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Womens Assoc</span>
|
||
1964 Nov;19:961-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14216379" target="_blank">14216379</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14201663">BRACHMANN/DE LANGE SYNDROME.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">OPITZ JM,
|
||
SEGAL AT,
|
||
LEHRKE R,
|
||
NADLER H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
1964 Nov 7;2(7367):1019.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(64)90980-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14201663" target="_blank">14201663</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental%20Retardation%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8690)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35499850">Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knupp KG,
|
||
Scheffer IE,
|
||
Ceulemans B,
|
||
Sullivan JE,
|
||
Nickels KC,
|
||
Lagae L,
|
||
Guerrini R,
|
||
Zuberi SM,
|
||
Nabbout R,
|
||
Riney K,
|
||
Shore S,
|
||
Agarwal A,
|
||
Lock M,
|
||
Farfel GM,
|
||
Galer BS,
|
||
Gammaitoni AR,
|
||
Davis R,
|
||
Gil-Nagel A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Neurol</span>
|
||
2022 Jun 1;79(6):554-564.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35499850" target="_blank">35499850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9062770" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33115295">Congenital Hypothyroidism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Qahtani M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
||
2022 Oct;35(19):3761-3769.
|
||
Epub 2020 Oct 28
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1838480.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33115295" target="_blank">33115295</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32657896">Wilson disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aggarwal A,
|
||
Bhatt M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Neurol</span>
|
||
2020 Aug;33(4):534-542.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000837.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32657896" target="_blank">32657896</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26858239">Pharmacotherapy for Fragile X Syndrome: Progress to Date.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davenport MH,
|
||
Schaefer TL,
|
||
Friedmann KJ,
|
||
Fitzpatrick SE,
|
||
Erickson CA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs</span>
|
||
2016 Mar;76(4):431-45.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40265-016-0542-y.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26858239" target="_blank">26858239</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21196228">Fragile X syndrome: from gene discovery to therapy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Heulens I,
|
||
Kooy F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)</span>
|
||
2011 Jan 1;16(4):1211-32.
|
||
doi: 10.2741/3785.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21196228" target="_blank">21196228</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental%20Retardation%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2501)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30426482">The epidemiology of drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kalilani L,
|
||
Sun X,
|
||
Pelgrims B,
|
||
Noack-Rink M,
|
||
Villanueva V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2018 Dec;59(12):2179-2193.
|
||
Epub 2018 Nov 13
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.14596.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30426482" target="_blank">30426482</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18536892">Congenital hypothyroidism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jain V,
|
||
Agarwal R,
|
||
Deorari AK,
|
||
Paul VK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2008 Apr;75(4):363-7.
|
||
Epub 2008 May 18
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-008-0040-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18536892" target="_blank">18536892</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7984971">Non-typhoid Salmonella meningitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kavaliotis J,
|
||
Tsiaousi A,
|
||
Papavasiliou D,
|
||
Kansouzidou A</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Scand J Infect Dis</span>
|
||
1994;26(4):403-5.
|
||
doi: 10.3109/00365549409008612.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7984971" target="_blank">7984971</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7328419">The Cohen syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fryns JP,
|
||
Van den Berghe H</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Genet Hum</span>
|
||
1981 Dec;29(4):449-53.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7328419" target="_blank">7328419</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14063812">SIGMOID VOLVULUS.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">ABRAMS BL</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Surg</span>
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1963 Dec;87:1033-9.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1963.01310180149025.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14063812" target="_blank">14063812</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental%20Retardation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3485)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37987117">Stratification of the risk of ovarian dysfunction by studying the complexity of intermediate and premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Quilichini J,
|
||
Perol S,
|
||
Cuisset L,
|
||
Grotto S,
|
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Fouveaut C,
|
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Barbot JC,
|
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Verebi C,
|
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Jordan P,
|
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Héron D,
|
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Molina-Gomes D,
|
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Pipiras E,
|
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Grynberg M,
|
||
Catteau-Jonard S,
|
||
Touraine P,
|
||
Christin-Maître S,
|
||
Plu-Bureau G,
|
||
El Khattabi L,
|
||
Bienvenu T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2024 Apr;194(4):e63479.
|
||
Epub 2023 Nov 21
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63479.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37987117" target="_blank">37987117</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35443052">Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lorang E,
|
||
Hong J,
|
||
DaWalt LS,
|
||
Mailick M</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Intellect Dev Disabil</span>
|
||
2022 May 1;127(3):231-248.
|
||
doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.231.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35443052" target="_blank">35443052</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9153943" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17183572">Current status of newborn screening: decision-making about the conditions to include in screening programs.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Watson MS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev</span>
|
||
2006;12(4):230-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mrdd.20127.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17183572" target="_blank">17183572</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7823556">Developmental phonological disorders. I: A clinical profile.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shriberg LD,
|
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Kwiatkowski J</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Speech Hear Res</span>
|
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1994 Oct;37(5):1100-26.
|
||
doi: 10.1044/jshr.3705.1100.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7823556" target="_blank">7823556</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10145594">Risk factors for developmental delay among infants and toddlers.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">King EH,
|
||
Logsdon DA,
|
||
Schroeder SR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Child Health Care</span>
|
||
1992 Winter;21(1):39-52.
|
||
doi: 10.1207/s15326888chc2101_6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10145594" target="_blank">10145594</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mental%20Retardation%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5170)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33985586">Calcium channelopathies and intellectual disability: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kessi M,
|
||
Chen B,
|
||
Peng J,
|
||
Yan F,
|
||
Yang L,
|
||
Yin F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2021 May 13;16(1):219.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01850-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33985586" target="_blank">33985586</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8120735" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30672873">Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Narcolepsy: A Review of the Literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raggi A,
|
||
Plazzi G,
|
||
Ferri R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nerv Ment Dis</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;207(2):84-99.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000918.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30672873" target="_blank">30672873</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30426482">The epidemiology of drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kalilani L,
|
||
Sun X,
|
||
Pelgrims B,
|
||
Noack-Rink M,
|
||
Villanueva V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2018 Dec;59(12):2179-2193.
|
||
Epub 2018 Nov 13
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.14596.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30426482" target="_blank">30426482</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24700618">Epidemiology of fragile X syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hunter J,
|
||
Rivero-Arias O,
|
||
Angelov A,
|
||
Kim E,
|
||
Fotheringham I,
|
||
Leal J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2014 Jul;164A(7):1648-58.
|
||
Epub 2014 Apr 3
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36511.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24700618" target="_blank">24700618</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23406512">Systematic review of central nervous system anomalies in incontinentia pigmenti.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minić S,
|
||
Trpinac D,
|
||
Obradović M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2013 Feb 13;8:25.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-25.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23406512" target="_blank">23406512</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3576363" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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