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<meta name="keywords" content="C2937220, congenital abnormality, congenital abnormality of vein, congenital anomaly of vein, venous malformation, venous malformations, vm, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell in thewhen venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Venous malformation (Concept Id: C2937220)
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<!--
UID=754284
ConceptID=C2937220
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Venous malformation<span class="h1sub">(VM)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>754284</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2937220</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>VM</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Congenital anomaly of vein (297222002); Congenital abnormality of vein (297222002)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012721">HP:0012721</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A vascular malformation resulting from a developmental error of venous tissue composed of dysmorphic channels lined by flattened endothelium and exhibiting slow turnover. A venous malformation may present as a blue patch on the skin ranging to a soft blue mass. Venous malformations are easily compressible and usually swell in thewhen venous pressure increases (e.g., when held in a dependent position or when a child cries). They may be relatively localized or quite extensive within an anatomic region. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2937220[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=754284">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=754284" ref="ncbi_uid=754284">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Venous malformation</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892473" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology">Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/927608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vascular morphology">Abnormal vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1778737" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal blood vessel morphology">Abnormal blood vessel morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66835" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal venous morphology">Abnormal venous morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Venous malformation</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39008"><div><strong>Proteus syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39008</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085261</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Proteus syndrome (PS) is characterized by progressive segmental or patchy overgrowth most commonly affecting the skeleton, skin, adipose, and central nervous systems. In most individuals PS has modest or no manifestations at birth, develops and progresses rapidly beginning in the toddler period, and relentlessly progresses through childhood, causing severe overgrowth and disfigurement. It is associated with a range of tumors, pulmonary complications, and a striking predisposition to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39008">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325026"><div><strong>Multiple cutaneous and mucosal venous malformations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325026</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838437</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TEK-related venous malformations (VM) encompass a range of phenotypes. Following the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification, these include common VM (unifocal/isolated VM or multifocal sporadic VM [MSVM]), multiple cutaneous and mucosal VM (VMCM), and blue rubber bleb nevus (BRBN) syndrome. VM are usually present at birth and grow with time, and new lesions can appear over time in individuals with MSVM, VMCM, and BRBN syndrome. Small lesions are usually asymptomatic; larger lesions can extend into other tissues, including subcutaneous tissues and muscles, causing pain and functional limitations. Malignant transformation has not been reported in TEK-related VM to date.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325026">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_416522"><div><strong>CLAPO syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751313</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses a range of clinical findings in which the core features are congenital or early-childhood onset of segmental/focal overgrowth with or without cellular dysplasia. Prior to the identification of PIK3CA as the causative gene, PROS was separated into distinct clinical syndromes based on the tissues and/or organs involved (e.g., MCAP [megalencephaly-capillary malformation] syndrome and CLOVES [congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies] syndrome). The predominant areas of overgrowth include the brain, limbs (including fingers and toes), trunk (including abdomen and chest), and face, all usually in an asymmetric distribution. Generalized brain overgrowth may be accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures resulting in ventriculomegaly, a markedly thick corpus callosum, and cerebellar tonsillar ectopia with crowding of the posterior fossa. Vascular malformations may include capillary, venous, and less frequently, arterial or mixed (capillary-lymphatic-venous or arteriovenous) malformations. Lymphatic malformations may be in various locations (internal and/or external) and can cause various clinical issues, including swelling, pain, and occasionally localized bleeding secondary to trauma. Lipomatous overgrowth may occur ipsilateral or contralateral to a vascular malformation, if present. The degree of intellectual disability appears to be mostly related to the presence and severity of seizures, cortical dysplasia (e.g., polymicrogyria), and hydrocephalus. Many children have feeding difficulties that are often multifactorial in nature. Endocrine issues affect a small number of individuals and most commonly include hypoglycemia (largely hypoinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416522">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_442876"><div><strong>CLOVES syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>442876</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2752042</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses a range of clinical findings in which the core features are congenital or early-childhood onset of segmental/focal overgrowth with or without cellular dysplasia. Prior to the identification of PIK3CA as the causative gene, PROS was separated into distinct clinical syndromes based on the tissues and/or organs involved (e.g., MCAP [megalencephaly-capillary malformation] syndrome and CLOVES [congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies] syndrome). The predominant areas of overgrowth include the brain, limbs (including fingers and toes), trunk (including abdomen and chest), and face, all usually in an asymmetric distribution. Generalized brain overgrowth may be accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures resulting in ventriculomegaly, a markedly thick corpus callosum, and cerebellar tonsillar ectopia with crowding of the posterior fossa. Vascular malformations may include capillary, venous, and less frequently, arterial or mixed (capillary-lymphatic-venous or arteriovenous) malformations. Lymphatic malformations may be in various locations (internal and/or external) and can cause various clinical issues, including swelling, pain, and occasionally localized bleeding secondary to trauma. Lipomatous overgrowth may occur ipsilateral or contralateral to a vascular malformation, if present. The degree of intellectual disability appears to be mostly related to the presence and severity of seizures, cortical dysplasia (e.g., polymicrogyria), and hydrocephalus. Many children have feeding difficulties that are often multifactorial in nature. Endocrine issues affect a small number of individuals and most commonly include hypoglycemia (largely hypoinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/442876">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_416522" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CLAPO syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_442876" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CLOVES syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325026" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple cutaneous and mucosal venous malformations</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39008" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteus syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37717726">Verrucous venous malformation and lymphatic malformation, former similar phenotypes where cell-free DNA could clarify in genotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sun Y,
Su L,
Wang D,
Fan X,
Cai R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
2024 Jan;90(1):e27-e28.
Epub 2023 Sep 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.1043.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37717726" target="_blank">37717726</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35504487">Localized verrucous venous malformations: Treatment and response evaluation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang H,
Guo Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
2022 Sep;87(3):e105-e106.
Epub 2022 Apr 30
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.043.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35504487" target="_blank">35504487</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25920631">Editor's Choice - Management of Chronic Venous Disease: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wittens C,
Davies AH,
Bækgaard N,
Broholm R,
Cavezzi A,
Chastanet S,
de Wolf M,
Eggen C,
Giannoukas A,
Gohel M,
Kakkos S,
Lawson J,
Noppeney T,
Onida S,
Pittaluga P,
Thomis S,
Toonder I,
Vuylsteke M,
Esvs Guidelines Committee,
Kolh P,
de Borst GJ,
Chakfé N,
Debus S,
Hinchliffe R,
Koncar I,
Lindholt J,
de Ceniga MV,
Vermassen F,
Verzini F,
Document Reviewers,
De Maeseneer MG,
Blomgren L,
Hartung O,
Kalodiki E,
Korten E,
Lugli M,
Naylor R,
Nicolini P,
Rosales A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2015 Jun;49(6):678-737.
Epub 2015 Apr 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25920631" target="_blank">25920631</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22venous%20malformation%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (98)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35876904">Laparoscopic approach of pediatric adrenal tumors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oesterreich R,
Varela MF,
Moldes J,
Lobos P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Surg Int</span>
2022 Oct;38(10):1435-1444.
Epub 2022 Jul 25
doi: 10.1007/s00383-022-05188-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35876904" target="_blank">35876904</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31864534">Surgical Considerations in Vascular Malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Johnson AB,
Richter GT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Vasc Interv Radiol</span>
2019 Dec;22(4):100635.
Epub 2019 Sep 25
doi: 10.1016/j.tvir.2019.100635.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31864534" target="_blank">31864534</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28552150">Developmental venous anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mooney MA,
Zabramski JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2017;143:279-282.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63640-9.00026-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28552150" target="_blank">28552150</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26055853">Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wassef M,
Blei F,
Adams D,
Alomari A,
Baselga E,
Berenstein A,
Burrows P,
Frieden IJ,
Garzon MC,
Lopez-Gutierrez JC,
Lord DJ,
Mitchel S,
Powell J,
Prendiville J,
Vikkula M;
ISSVA Board and Scientific Committee</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
2015 Jul;136(1):e203-14.
Epub 2015 Jun 8
doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3673.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26055853" target="_blank">26055853</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25920631">Editor's Choice - Management of Chronic Venous Disease: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wittens C,
Davies AH,
Bækgaard N,
Broholm R,
Cavezzi A,
Chastanet S,
de Wolf M,
Eggen C,
Giannoukas A,
Gohel M,
Kakkos S,
Lawson J,
Noppeney T,
Onida S,
Pittaluga P,
Thomis S,
Toonder I,
Vuylsteke M,
Esvs Guidelines Committee,
Kolh P,
de Borst GJ,
Chakfé N,
Debus S,
Hinchliffe R,
Koncar I,
Lindholt J,
de Ceniga MV,
Vermassen F,
Verzini F,
Document Reviewers,
De Maeseneer MG,
Blomgren L,
Hartung O,
Kalodiki E,
Korten E,
Lugli M,
Naylor R,
Nicolini P,
Rosales A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2015 Jun;49(6):678-737.
Epub 2015 Apr 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25920631" target="_blank">25920631</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous%20malformation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (387)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38958936">Cutaneous Angiosarcoma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roberto S,
Riccardo N,
Sokol S,
Paolo DTA,
Marta S,
Milella M,
Aldo S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2024 Aug 1;150(8):746-748.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1715.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38958936" target="_blank">38958936</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36371136">Update on Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosenberg TL,
Phillips JD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Clin North Am</span>
2022 Dec;55(6):1215-1231.
doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.07.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36371136" target="_blank">36371136</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31088295">Laryngeal Venous Malformation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rutt A,
Karatayli Ozgursoy S,
Paz-Fumagalli R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ear Nose Throat J</span>
2020 Jul;99(6):367-368.
Epub 2019 May 15
doi: 10.1177/0145561319840136.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31088295" target="_blank">31088295</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31152211">Vascular anomaly imaging mimics and differential diagnoses.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mamlouk MD,
Danial C,
McCullough WP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Radiol</span>
2019 Jul;49(8):1088-1103.
Epub 2019 May 31
doi: 10.1007/s00247-019-04418-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31152211" target="_blank">31152211</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25920631">Editor's Choice - Management of Chronic Venous Disease: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wittens C,
Davies AH,
Bækgaard N,
Broholm R,
Cavezzi A,
Chastanet S,
de Wolf M,
Eggen C,
Giannoukas A,
Gohel M,
Kakkos S,
Lawson J,
Noppeney T,
Onida S,
Pittaluga P,
Thomis S,
Toonder I,
Vuylsteke M,
Esvs Guidelines Committee,
Kolh P,
de Borst GJ,
Chakfé N,
Debus S,
Hinchliffe R,
Koncar I,
Lindholt J,
de Ceniga MV,
Vermassen F,
Verzini F,
Document Reviewers,
De Maeseneer MG,
Blomgren L,
Hartung O,
Kalodiki E,
Korten E,
Lugli M,
Naylor R,
Nicolini P,
Rosales A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2015 Jun;49(6):678-737.
Epub 2015 Apr 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25920631" target="_blank">25920631</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous%20malformation%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (578)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34524406">Sirolimus (Rapamycin) for Slow-Flow Malformations in Children: The Observational-Phase Randomized Clinical PERFORMUS Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maruani A,
Tavernier E,
Boccara O,
Mazereeuw-Hautier J,
Leducq S,
Bessis D,
Guibaud L,
Vabres P,
Carmignac V,
Mallet S,
Barbarot S,
Chiaverini C,
Droitcourt C,
Bursztejn AC,
Lengellé C,
Woillard JB,
Herbreteau D,
Le Touze A,
Joly A,
Léauté-Labrèze C,
Powell J,
Bourgoin H,
Gissot V,
Giraudeau B,
Morel B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Dermatol</span>
2021 Nov 1;157(11):1289-1298.
doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3459.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34524406" target="_blank">34524406</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8444064" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33093225">Optic Nerve Cavernous Venous Malformation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anglaret S,
Lecler A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2021 Jan 5;96(1):31-32.
Epub 2020 Oct 22
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011092.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33093225" target="_blank">33093225</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32111482">Cystoscopic injection sclerotherapy for bladder venous malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cho A,
Upasani A,
Barnacle A,
Cherian A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Urol</span>
2020 Apr;16(2):256-257.
Epub 2020 Feb 5
doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.01.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32111482" target="_blank">32111482</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30565378">Sirolimus in blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wong XL,
Phan K,
Rodríguez Bandera AI,
Sebaratnam DF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Paediatr Child Health</span>
2019 Feb;55(2):152-155.
Epub 2018 Dec 18
doi: 10.1111/jpc.14345.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30565378" target="_blank">30565378</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24156860">Endovascular methods for the treatment of vascular anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gemmete JJ,
Pandey AS,
Kasten SJ,
Chaudhary N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroimaging Clin N Am</span>
2013 Nov;23(4):703-28.
Epub 2013 May 30
doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2013.03.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24156860" target="_blank">24156860</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous%20malformation%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (275)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29626460">Venous Malformation of the Esophagus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cano Busnelli V,
Medici J,
Duro A,
Castellaro P,
Wright F,
Cavadas D,
Beskow A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Thorac Surg</span>
2018 Aug;106(2):e69-e71.
Epub 2018 Apr 4
doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.03.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29626460" target="_blank">29626460</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26205116">Vascular Anomalies in Pediatrics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Foley LS,
Kulungowski AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Pediatr</span>
2015 Aug;62(1):227-55.
doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2015.04.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26205116" target="_blank">26205116</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25920631">Editor's Choice - Management of Chronic Venous Disease: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wittens C,
Davies AH,
Bækgaard N,
Broholm R,
Cavezzi A,
Chastanet S,
de Wolf M,
Eggen C,
Giannoukas A,
Gohel M,
Kakkos S,
Lawson J,
Noppeney T,
Onida S,
Pittaluga P,
Thomis S,
Toonder I,
Vuylsteke M,
Esvs Guidelines Committee,
Kolh P,
de Borst GJ,
Chakfé N,
Debus S,
Hinchliffe R,
Koncar I,
Lindholt J,
de Ceniga MV,
Vermassen F,
Verzini F,
Document Reviewers,
De Maeseneer MG,
Blomgren L,
Hartung O,
Kalodiki E,
Korten E,
Lugli M,
Naylor R,
Nicolini P,
Rosales A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2015 Jun;49(6):678-737.
Epub 2015 Apr 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25920631" target="_blank">25920631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24972760">Ultrastructure of internal jugular vein defective valves.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zamboni P,
Tisato V,
Menegatti E,
Mascoli F,
Gianesini S,
Salvi F,
Secchiero P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Phlebology</span>
2015 Oct;30(9):644-7.
Epub 2014 Jun 27
doi: 10.1177/0268355514541980.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24972760" target="_blank">24972760</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4574083" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10827454">RTK mutations and human syndromeswhen good receptors turn bad.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson SC,
Tynan JA,
Donoghue DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Genet</span>
2000 Jun;16(6):265-71.
doi: 10.1016/s0168-9525(00)02021-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10827454" target="_blank">10827454</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous%20malformation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (204)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37378842">Nidus Compacity Determined by Semi-Automated Segmentation is a Strong Quantitative Predictor of Brain Arterio-Venous Malformation Cure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pacini A,
Shotar E,
Granger B,
Maizeroi-Eugène F,
Delaitre M,
Talbi A,
Boch AL,
Valéry CA,
Premat K,
Drir M,
Lenck S,
Mounayer C,
Sourour NA,
Clarençon F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Neuroradiol</span>
2023 Dec;33(4):1095-1104.
Epub 2023 Jun 28
doi: 10.1007/s00062-023-01313-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37378842" target="_blank">37378842</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34524406">Sirolimus (Rapamycin) for Slow-Flow Malformations in Children: The Observational-Phase Randomized Clinical PERFORMUS Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maruani A,
Tavernier E,
Boccara O,
Mazereeuw-Hautier J,
Leducq S,
Bessis D,
Guibaud L,
Vabres P,
Carmignac V,
Mallet S,
Barbarot S,
Chiaverini C,
Droitcourt C,
Bursztejn AC,
Lengellé C,
Woillard JB,
Herbreteau D,
Le Touze A,
Joly A,
Léauté-Labrèze C,
Powell J,
Bourgoin H,
Gissot V,
Giraudeau B,
Morel B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Dermatol</span>
2021 Nov 1;157(11):1289-1298.
doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3459.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34524406" target="_blank">34524406</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8444064" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29521760">Vascular Malformation Enlargement During Menopause.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maclellan RA,
Goss JA,
Greene AK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2018 Jul;29(5):1271-1272.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004462.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29521760" target="_blank">29521760</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25920631">Editor's Choice - Management of Chronic Venous Disease: Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wittens C,
Davies AH,
Bækgaard N,
Broholm R,
Cavezzi A,
Chastanet S,
de Wolf M,
Eggen C,
Giannoukas A,
Gohel M,
Kakkos S,
Lawson J,
Noppeney T,
Onida S,
Pittaluga P,
Thomis S,
Toonder I,
Vuylsteke M,
Esvs Guidelines Committee,
Kolh P,
de Borst GJ,
Chakfé N,
Debus S,
Hinchliffe R,
Koncar I,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2015 Jun;49(6):678-737.
Epub 2015 Apr 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25920631" target="_blank">25920631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10827454">RTK mutations and human syndromeswhen good receptors turn bad.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson SC,
Tynan JA,
Donoghue DJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Genet</span>
2000 Jun;16(6):265-71.
doi: 10.1016/s0168-9525(00)02021-7.
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2023 Jan;11(1):210-218.e3.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33508985">Outcome of fetal Vein Galen aneurysmal malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30565378">Sirolimus in blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wong XL,
Phan K,
Rodríguez Bandera AI,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Paediatr Child Health</span>
2019 Feb;55(2):152-155.
Epub 2018 Dec 18
doi: 10.1111/jpc.14345.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30565378" target="_blank">30565378</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29492631">Outcome Measures After Sclerotherapy of Venous Malformations: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Asdahl KR,
Hedelund L,
Keller J,
Baad-Hansen T,
Damsgaard T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</span>
2018 Aug;41(8):1141-1151.
Epub 2018 Feb 28
doi: 10.1007/s00270-018-1919-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29492631" target="_blank">29492631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27511883">Parkes Weber syndrome-Diagnostic and management paradigms: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Banzic I,
Brankovic M,
Maksimović Ž,
Davidović L,
Marković M,
Rančić Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Phlebology</span>
2017 Jul;32(6):371-383.
Epub 2016 Aug 9
doi: 10.1177/0268355516664212.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27511883" target="_blank">27511883</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Venous%20malformation%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
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