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<meta name="keywords" content="C0024031, ache, low back, aches, low back, back ache, low, back aches, low, back pain, low, back pain, lower, back pains, low, back pains, lower, backache, low, backaches, low, lbp - low back pain, low back ache, low back aches, low back pain, low back pains, low back syndrome, low backache, low backaches, lower back pain, lower back pains, lumbago, lumbalgia, lumbar pain, nonspecific pain in the lumbar region, pain, low back, pain, lower back, pains, low back, pains, lower back, sign or symptom, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the lower back." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=7389
ConceptID=C0024031
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Low back pain</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7389</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024031</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Ache, Low Back; Aches, Low Back; Back Ache, Low; Back Aches, Low; Back Pain, Low; Back Pain, Lower; Back Pains, Low; Back Pains, Lower; Backache, Low; Backaches, Low; Low Back Ache; Low Back Aches; Low Back Pain; Low Back Pains; Low Backache; Low Backaches; Lower Back Pain; Lower Back Pains; Lumbago; Pain, Low Back; Pain, Lower Back; Pains, Low Back; Pains, Lower Back</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Low back pain (279039007); LBP - Low back pain (279039007); Low back syndrome (279039007); Lumbalgia (279039007); Lumbago (279039007); Lumbar pain (279039007); Nonspecific pain in the lumbar region (279039007)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003419">HP:0003419</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the lower back. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024031[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=7389">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=7389" ref="ncbi_uid=7389">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Low back pain</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3593" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Constitutional symptom">Constitutional symptom</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/45282" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pain">Pain</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2530" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Back pain">Back pain</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Low back pain</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1413"><div><strong>Alkaptonuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1413</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0002066</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alkaptonuria is caused by deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, an enzyme that converts homogentisic acid (HGA) to maleylacetoacetic acid in the tyrosine degradation pathway. The three major features of alkaptonuria are dark urine or urine that turns dark on standing, ochronosis (bluish-black pigmentation in connective tissue), and arthritis of the spine and larger joints. Ochronosis generally occurs after age 30 years; arthritis often begins in the third decade. Other manifestations can include pigment in the sclera, ear cartilage, and skin of the hands; aortic or mitral valve calcification or regurgitation and occasionally aortic dilatation; renal stones; prostate stones; and hypothyroidism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1413">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_6916"><div><strong>Congenital sensory neuropathy with selective loss of small myelinated fibers</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6916</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020075</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type V (HSAN5) is a condition that primarily affects the sensory nerve cells (sensory neurons), which transmit information about sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch. These sensations are impaired in people with HSAN5.\n\nThe signs and symptoms of HSAN5 appear early, usually at birth or during infancy. People with HSAN5 lose the ability to feel pain, heat, and cold. Deep pain perception, the feeling of pain from injuries to bones, ligaments, or muscles, is especially affected in people with HSAN5. Because of the inability to feel deep pain, affected individuals suffer repeated severe injuries such as bone fractures and joint injuries that go unnoticed. Repeated trauma can lead to a condition called Charcot joints, in which the bones and tissue surrounding joints are destroyed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6916">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_12147"><div><strong>Werner syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>12147</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0043119</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Werner syndrome is characterized by the premature appearance of features associated with normal aging and cancer predisposition. Individuals with Werner syndrome develop normally until the end of the first decade. The first sign is the lack of a growth spurt during the early teen years. Early findings (usually observed in the 20s) include loss and graying of hair, hoarseness, and scleroderma-like skin changes, followed by bilateral ocular cataracts, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, skin ulcers, and osteoporosis in the 30s. Myocardial infarction and cancer are the most common causes of death; the mean age of death in individuals with Werner syndrome is 54 years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/12147">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98482"><div><strong>Axial osteosclerosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98482</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432264</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteomesopyknosis is a nonmalignant sclerosing bone dysplasia of the axial skeleton. Osteosclerosis is limited to the axial skeleton, pelvis, and proximal long bones. The condition is often an incidental radiologic finding in a young adult complaining of back pain. Patients have normal height and laboratory examinations are within normal limits (summary by Yao and Camacho, 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98482">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325051"><div><strong>CARASIL syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325051</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">HTRA1 disorder is a phenotypic spectrum in which some individuals have few to no symptoms and others manifest with the more severe CARASIL (cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) phenotype. Those who have a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant may have mild neurologic findings (sometimes identified only on neuroimaging) or mild-to-moderate neurologic signs and symptoms of CARASIL. In this chapter, the term "classic CARASIL" refers to the more severe phenotype associated with biallelic pathogenic variants, and "HTRA1 cerebral small vessel disease" (HTRA1-CSVD) refers to the milder phenotype associated with a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant. Classic CARASIL is characterized by early-onset changes in the deep white matter of the brain observed on MRI, and associated neurologic findings. The most frequent initial symptom is gait disturbance from spasticity beginning between ages 20 and 40 years. Forty-four percent of affected individuals have stroke-like episodes before age 40 years. Mood changes (apathy and irritability), pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive dysfunction begin between ages 20 and 50 years. The disease progresses slowly following the onset of neurologic symptoms. Scalp alopecia and acute mid- to lower-back pain (lumbago) before age 30 years are characteristic. The most frequent initial symptom in individuals with HTRA1-CSVD is slowly progressive gait disturbance after age 40 years, which may be followed by the development of mood changes and cognitive dysfunction. A majority of affected individuals have a stroke-like episode after age 40 years. Spondylosis and alopecia are seen in a minority of individuals with HTRA1-CSVD.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325051">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400359"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400359</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1863704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8) is a slowly progressive pure spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs (i.e., pyramidal signs including hyperreflexia, spasticity, and occasionally clonus without other neurologic findings). Some affected individuals have urinary urgency that usually becomes apparent at the same time as the spasticity. Onset is between ages ten and 59 years. Affected individuals often become wheelchair dependent. While intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variability is high, SPG8 is typically more severe than other types of hereditary spastic paraplegia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400359">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_401097"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>401097</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866855</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia 4 (SPG4; also known as SPAST-HSP) is characterized by insidiously progressive bilateral lower-limb gait spasticity. More than 50% of affected individuals have some weakness in the legs and impaired vibration sense at the ankles. Sphincter disturbances are very common. Onset is insidious, mostly in young adulthood, although symptoms may start as early as age one year and as late as age 76 years. Intrafamilial variation is considerable.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/401097">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_901825"><div><strong>Spondylocostal dysostosis 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>901825</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4083048</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO), defined radiographically as multiple segmentation defects of the vertebrae in combination with abnormalities of the ribs, is characterized clinically by a short trunk in proportion to height; short neck; and non-progressive mild scoliosis in most affected individuals rarely, more significant scoliosis occurs. Respiratory function in neonates with severe disease may be compromised by reduced size of the thorax. By age two years lung growth may improve sufficiently to support relatively normal growth and development. In severely affected individuals with restricted pulmonary capacity, there is a possibility that pulmonary hypertension may eventually impact cardiac function. Males with SCDO appear to be at increased risk for inguinal hernia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/901825">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1632001"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632001</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693870</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome classic-like-2 (EDSCLL2) is characterized by severe joint and skin laxity, osteoporosis involving the hips and spine, osteoarthritis, soft redundant skin that can be acrogeria-like, delayed wound healing with abnormal atrophic scarring, and shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle dislocations. Variable features include gastrointestinal and genitourinary manifestations, such as bowel rupture, gut dysmotility, cryptorchidism, and hernias; vascular complications, such as mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilation; and skeletal anomalies (Blackburn et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of classic-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see 606408.&#13; For a discussion of the classification of EDS, see 130000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1632001">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1812978"><div><strong>Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1812978</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676909</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities (IBMWMA) is an autosomal dominant adult-onset disorder characterized predominantly by proximal limb girdle muscle weakness affecting the lower and upper limbs and resulting in gait difficulties and scapular winging. Additional features may include dysarthria, dysphagia, low back pain, and hyporeflexia. EMG is consistent with a myopathic process, although neuropathic findings have also been shown. Muscle biopsy shows fiber type variation, internal nuclei, rimmed vacuoles, and cytoplasmic protein aggregates or inclusions. Serum creatine kinase is usually elevated. Cognitive impairment or frontotemporal dementia occurs in some patients. The disorder is slowly progressive; some patients become wheelchair-bound after many years. Rare patients with this mutation develop ALS; some have both myopathy and ALS. Brain imaging shows white matter abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging. The disorder is classified as multisystem proteinopathy-6 (MSP6) due to the characteristic disease mechanism of protein misfolding and abnormal tissue deposition (summary by Leoni et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1812978">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1413" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alkaptonuria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98482" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Axial osteosclerosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325051" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CARASIL syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_6916" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital sensory neuropathy with selective loss of small myelinated fibers</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1632001" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (10)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_401097" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400359" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1812978" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inclusion body myopathy and brain white matter abnormalities</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_901825" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylocostal dysostosis 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_12147" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Werner syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33064878">Evidence-based treatment recommendations for neck and low back pain across Europe: A systematic review of guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Corp N,
Mansell G,
Stynes S,
Wynne-Jones G,
Morsø L,
Hill JC,
van der Windt DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pain</span>
2021 Feb;25(2):275-295.
Epub 2020 Nov 12
doi: 10.1002/ejp.1679.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33064878" target="_blank">33064878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7839780" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29971708">Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oliveira CB,
Maher CG,
Pinto RZ,
Traeger AC,
Lin CC,
Chenot JF,
van Tulder M,
Koes BW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
2018 Nov;27(11):2791-2803.
Epub 2018 Jul 3
doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5673-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29971708" target="_blank">29971708</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28807894">Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohen SP,
Hooten WM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2017 Aug 14;358:j3221.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3221.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28807894" target="_blank">28807894</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22low%20back%20pain%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2631)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59" target="_blank">UK NICE Guideline NG59, Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management, 2020</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34538747">Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayden JA,
Ellis J,
Ogilvie R,
Stewart SA,
Bagg MK,
Stanojevic S,
Yamato TP,
Saragiotto BT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Physiother</span>
2021 Oct;67(4):252-262.
Epub 2021 Sep 16
doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2021.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34538747" target="_blank">34538747</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34370518">Low Back Pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chou R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Intern Med</span>
2021 Aug;174(8):ITC113-ITC128.
Epub 2021 Aug 10
doi: 10.7326/AITC202108170.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34370518" target="_blank">34370518</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34115979">Low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knezevic NN,
Candido KD,
Vlaeyen JWS,
Van Zundert J,
Cohen SP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2021 Jul 3;398(10294):78-92.
Epub 2021 Jun 8
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00733-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34115979" target="_blank">34115979</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27745712">Non-specific low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maher C,
Underwood M,
Buchbinder R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Feb 18;389(10070):736-747.
Epub 2016 Oct 11
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30970-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27745712" target="_blank">27745712</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24994051">Acute and chronic low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patrick N,
Emanski E,
Knaub MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2014 Jul;98(4):777-89, xii.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.03.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24994051" target="_blank">24994051</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18225)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34115979">Low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knezevic NN,
Candido KD,
Vlaeyen JWS,
Van Zundert J,
Cohen SP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2021 Jul 3;398(10294):78-92.
Epub 2021 Jun 8
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00733-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34115979" target="_blank">34115979</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30854609">Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Urits I,
Burshtein A,
Sharma M,
Testa L,
Gold PA,
Orhurhu V,
Viswanath O,
Jones MR,
Sidransky MA,
Spektor B,
Kaye AD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pain Headache Rep</span>
2019 Mar 11;23(3):23.
doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30854609" target="_blank">30854609</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30252425">Mechanical Low Back Pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Will JS,
Bury DC,
Miller JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2018 Oct 1;98(7):421-428.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30252425" target="_blank">30252425</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27745712">Non-specific low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maher C,
Underwood M,
Buchbinder R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Feb 18;389(10070):736-747.
Epub 2016 Oct 11
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30970-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27745712" target="_blank">27745712</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22466247">Low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Delitto A,
George SZ,
Van Dillen L,
Whitman JM,
Sowa G,
Shekelle P,
Denninger TR,
Godges JJ;
Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Orthop Sports Phys Ther</span>
2012 Apr;42(4):A1-57.
Epub 2012 Mar 30
doi: 10.2519/jospt.2012.42.4.A1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22466247" target="_blank">22466247</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4893951" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11845)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38035307">Exercise intervention for patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Yan L,
Hou L,
Zhang X,
Zhao H,
Yan C,
Li X,
Li Y,
Chen X,
Ding X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Public Health</span>
2023;11:1155225.
Epub 2023 Nov 17
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38035307" target="_blank">38035307</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10687566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33984499">The effects of myofascial release technique for patients with low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen Z,
Wu J,
Wang X,
Wu J,
Ren Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Complement Ther Med</span>
2021 Jun;59:102737.
Epub 2021 May 10
doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102737.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33984499" target="_blank">33984499</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31630089">Cognitive functional therapy compared with a group-based exercise and education intervention for chronic low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">O'Keeffe M,
O'Sullivan P,
Purtill H,
Bargary N,
O'Sullivan K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Sports Med</span>
2020 Jul;54(13):782-789.
Epub 2019 Oct 19
doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100780.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31630089" target="_blank">31630089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7361017" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27002445">Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Usual Care on Back Pain and Functional Limitations in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cherkin DC,
Sherman KJ,
Balderson BH,
Cook AJ,
Anderson ML,
Hawkes RJ,
Hansen KE,
Turner JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2016 Mar 22-29;315(12):1240-9.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.2323.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27002445" target="_blank">27002445</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4914381" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26133923">Pilates for low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamato TP,
Maher CG,
Saragiotto BT,
Hancock MJ,
Ostelo RW,
Cabral CM,
Menezes Costa LC,
Costa LO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2015 Jul 2;2015(7):CD010265.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010265.pub2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26133923" target="_blank">26133923</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8078578" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11895)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34450274">Prevalence, Incidence, and Factors Associated With Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wong CK,
Mak RY,
Kwok TS,
Tsang JS,
Leung MY,
Funabashi M,
Macedo LG,
Dennett L,
Wong AY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pain</span>
2022 Apr;23(4):509-534.
Epub 2021 Aug 24
doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34450274" target="_blank">34450274</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32493481">Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maselli F,
Storari L,
Barbari V,
Colombi A,
Turolla A,
Gianola S,
Rossettini G,
Testa M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Musculoskelet Disord</span>
2020 Jun 3;21(1):343.
doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03357-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32493481" target="_blank">32493481</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7271446" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28919117">Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1211-1259.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28919117" target="_blank">28919117</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5605509" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21665125">The Epidemiology of low back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoy D,
Brooks P,
Blyth F,
Buchbinder R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol</span>
2010 Dec;24(6):769-81.
doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21665125" target="_blank">21665125</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10470716">Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Andersson GB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
1999 Aug 14;354(9178):581-5.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01312-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10470716" target="_blank">10470716</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7299)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22742910">Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoy D,
Brooks P,
Woolf A,
Blyth F,
March L,
Bain C,
Baker P,
Smith E,
Buchbinder R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Epidemiol</span>
2012 Sep;65(9):934-9.
Epub 2012 Jun 27
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22742910" target="_blank">22742910</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17850669">Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luomajoki H,
Kool J,
de Bruin ED,
Airaksinen O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Musculoskelet Disord</span>
2007 Sep 12;8:90.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-8-90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17850669" target="_blank">17850669</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2164955" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16181938">Preliminary development of a clinical prediction rule for determining which patients with low back pain will respond to a stabilization exercise program.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hicks GE,
Fritz JM,
Delitto A,
McGill SM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Phys Med Rehabil</span>
2005 Sep;86(9):1753-62.
doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.033.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16181938" target="_blank">16181938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16055269">Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woby SR,
Roach NK,
Urmston M,
Watson PJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pain</span>
2005 Sep;117(1-2):137-44.
doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.029.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16055269" target="_blank">16055269</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16038856">Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Laslett M,
Aprill CN,
McDonald B,
Young SB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Man Ther</span>
2005 Aug;10(3):207-18.
doi: 10.1016/j.math.2005.01.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16038856" target="_blank">16038856</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12185)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38035307">Exercise intervention for patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Yan L,
Hou L,
Zhang X,
Zhao H,
Yan C,
Li X,
Li Y,
Chen X,
Ding X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Public Health</span>
2023;11:1155225.
Epub 2023 Nov 17
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1155225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38035307" target="_blank">38035307</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10687566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34929784">Fundamentals of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kirnaz S,
Capadona C,
Wong T,
Goldberg JL,
Medary B,
Sommer F,
McGrath LB Jr,
Härtl R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2022 Jan;157:264-273.
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.066.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34929784" target="_blank">34929784</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34538747">Some types of exercise are more effective than others in people with chronic low back pain: a network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hayden JA,
Ellis J,
Ogilvie R,
Stewart SA,
Bagg MK,
Stanojevic S,
Yamato TP,
Saragiotto BT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Physiother</span>
2021 Oct;67(4):252-262.
Epub 2021 Sep 16
doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2021.09.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34538747" target="_blank">34538747</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33064878">Evidence-based treatment recommendations for neck and low back pain across Europe: A systematic review of guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Corp N,
Mansell G,
Stynes S,
Wynne-Jones G,
Morsø L,
Hill JC,
van der Windt DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pain</span>
2021 Feb;25(2):275-295.
Epub 2020 Nov 12
doi: 10.1002/ejp.1679.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33064878" target="_blank">33064878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7839780" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32795336">Effects of exercise therapy in patients with acute low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karlsson M,
Bergenheim A,
Larsson MEH,
Nordeman L,
van Tulder M,
Bernhardsson S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Syst Rev</span>
2020 Aug 14;9(1):182.
doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01412-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32795336" target="_blank">32795336</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7427286" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Low%20back%20pain%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1824)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0024031%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0024031%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Low%20back%20pain" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22low%20back%20pain%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Low%20back%20pain%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59">NICE, 2020</a><div>UK NICE Guideline NG59, Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management, 2020</div></li></ul></div>
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