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<meta name="keywords" content="C1394494, bladder cystocele, bladder hernia, bladder prolapse, cystocele, disease or syndrome, dropped bladder, female cystocele, prolapsed bladder, vaginal cystocele, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Anterior vaginal wall prolapse with bulging of the bladder into the vagina." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=730551
ConceptID=C1394494
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Cystocele</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>730551</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1394494</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Bladder cystocele; Bladder hernia; Bladder prolapse; Dropped bladder; Female cystocele; Prolapsed bladder; Vaginal cystocele</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Vaginal cystocele (252005008); Female cystocele (252005008); Cystocele (252005008); Bladder cystocele (252005008)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100645">HP:0100645</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Anterior vaginal wall prolapse with bulging of the bladder into the vagina. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Cystocele</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871127" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of connective tissue">Abnormality of connective tissue</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6816" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hernia">Hernia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867577" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Genital hernia">Genital hernia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488974" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vaginal hernia">Vaginal hernia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Cystocele</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82790"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82790</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268338</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is characterized by arterial, intestinal, and/or uterine fragility; thin, translucent skin; easy bruising; characteristic facial appearance (thin vermilion of the lips, micrognathia, narrow nose, prominent eyes); and an aged appearance to the extremities, particularly the hands. Vascular dissection or rupture, gastrointestinal perforation, or organ rupture are the presenting signs in most adults with vEDS. Arterial rupture may be preceded by aneurysm, arteriovenous fistulae, or dissection but also may occur spontaneously. The majority (60%) of individuals with vEDS who are diagnosed before age 18 years are identified because of a positive family history. Neonates may present with clubfoot, hip dislocation, limb deficiency, and/or amniotic bands. Approximately half of children tested for vEDS in the absence of a positive family history present with a major complication at an average age of 11 years. Four minor diagnostic features distal joint hypermobility, easy bruising, thin skin, and clubfeet are most often present in those children ascertained without a major complication.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82790">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462437"><div><strong>Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462437</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151087</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462437">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462437" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82790" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type 4</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38280271">Diagnosis and management of complications following pelvic organ prolapse surgery using a synthetic mesh: French national guidelines for clinical practice.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Deffieux X,
Perrouin-Verbe MA,
Campagne-Loiseau S,
Donon L,
Levesque A,
Rigaud J,
Stivalet N,
Venara A,
Thubert T,
Vidart A,
Bosset PO,
Revel-Delhom C,
Lucot JP,
Hermieu JF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
2024 Mar;294:170-179.
Epub 2024 Jan 17
doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.01.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38280271" target="_blank">38280271</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30929095">Management of Occult Urinary Incontinence with Prolapse Surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohn JA,
Smith AL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2019 Mar 30;20(5):23.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-019-0885-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30929095" target="_blank">30929095</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29885711">Nonsurgical Treatment Options for Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tso C,
Lee W,
Austin-Ketch T,
Winkler H,
Zitkus B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nurs Womens Health</span>
2018 Jun;22(3):228-239.
doi: 10.1016/j.nwh.2018.03.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29885711" target="_blank">29885711</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22cystocele%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (27)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31612341">Prolapse Repair Using Non-synthetic Material: What is the Current Standard?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palmerola R,
Rosenblum N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2019 Oct 14;20(11):70.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-019-0939-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31612341" target="_blank">31612341</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23633316">Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maher C,
Feiner B,
Baessler K,
Schmid C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23633316" target="_blank">23633316</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17880839">Severe cystocele: optimizing results.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anger JT,
Raz S,
Rodríguez LV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2007 Sep;8(5):394-8.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0037-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17880839" target="_blank">17880839</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11429505">Diagnostic imaging of pelvic floor dysfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodríguez LV,
Raz S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Urol</span>
2001 Jul;11(4):423-8.
doi: 10.1097/00042307-200107000-00015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11429505" target="_blank">11429505</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7772010">Sacrospinous colpopexy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brieger GM,
MacGibbon AL,
Atkinson KH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol</span>
1995 Feb;35(1):86-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1995.tb01839.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7772010" target="_blank">7772010</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (689)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29799922">Unusual Scrotal Swelling.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Capitano S,
Castellani D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Surg</span>
2018 Sep 1;153(9):856-857.
doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.0883.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29799922" target="_blank">29799922</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25063594">Videourodynamics: indications and technique.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marks BK,
Goldman HB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urol Clin North Am</span>
2014 Aug;41(3):383-91, vii-viii.
Epub 2014 Jun 13
doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25063594" target="_blank">25063594</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15271370">MR imaging of the bladder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mallampati GK,
Siegelman ES</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am</span>
2004 Aug;12(3):545-55, vii.
doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2004.03.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15271370" target="_blank">15271370</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12899489">MR imaging of pelvic floor relaxation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fielding JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiol Clin North Am</span>
2003 Jul;41(4):747-56.
doi: 10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00042-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12899489" target="_blank">12899489</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6708238">Skene's duct cyst.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miller EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1984 May;131(5):966-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)50732-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6708238" target="_blank">6708238</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (321)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31612341">Prolapse Repair Using Non-synthetic Material: What is the Current Standard?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palmerola R,
Rosenblum N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2019 Oct 14;20(11):70.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-019-0939-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31612341" target="_blank">31612341</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26905696">Mesh Excision: Is Total Mesh Excision Necessary?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wolff GF,
Winters JC,
Krlin RM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2016 Apr;17(4):34.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-016-0590-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26905696" target="_blank">26905696</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23633316">Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maher C,
Feiner B,
Baessler K,
Schmid C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23633316" target="_blank">23633316</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23096979">The use of biological materials in urogynecologic reconstruction: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yurteri-Kaplan LA,
Gutman RE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2012 Nov;130(5 Suppl 2):242S-253S.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31826154e4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23096979" target="_blank">23096979</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7772010">Sacrospinous colpopexy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brieger GM,
MacGibbon AL,
Atkinson KH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol</span>
1995 Feb;35(1):86-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1995.tb01839.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7772010" target="_blank">7772010</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (358)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26271215">Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic repair of cystocoele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bedford ND,
Seman EI,
O'shea RT,
Keirse MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2015 Dec;55(6):588-92.
Epub 2015 Aug 14
doi: 10.1111/ajo.12388.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26271215" target="_blank">26271215</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22119257">Evidence-based medicine for polypropylene mesh use compared with native tissue vaginal prolapse repair.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ostergard DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urology</span>
2012 Jan;79(1):12-4.
Epub 2011 Nov 25
doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.1438.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22119257" target="_blank">22119257</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17880840">Abdominal sacral colpopexy: surgical pearls and outcomes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woodruff AJ,
Roth CC,
Winters JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2007 Sep;8(5):399-404.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0038-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17880840" target="_blank">17880840</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17880839">Severe cystocele: optimizing results.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anger JT,
Raz S,
Rodríguez LV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2007 Sep;8(5):394-8.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-007-0037-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17880839" target="_blank">17880839</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16426613">The use of graft materials in vaginal pelvic floor surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huebner M,
Hsu Y,
Fenner DE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Gynaecol Obstet</span>
2006 Mar;92(3):279-88.
Epub 2006 Jan 19
doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2005.11.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16426613" target="_blank">16426613</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (302)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37738890">Sexual dysfunction in patients after cystocele surgery. Is the g-spot a myth or reality?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jafarzade A,
Ulu I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
2023 Nov;290:74-77.
Epub 2023 Sep 18
doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.09.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37738890" target="_blank">37738890</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28364872">Association between pelvic organ prolapse and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cagnacci A,
Palma F,
Napolitano A,
Xholli A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Maturitas</span>
2017 May;99:73-78.
Epub 2017 Feb 24
doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.02.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28364872" target="_blank">28364872</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20965481">Mesh contraction: myth or reality?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dietz HP,
Erdmann M,
Shek KL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2011 Feb;204(2):173.e1-4.
Epub 2010 Oct 20
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.058.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20965481" target="_blank">20965481</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1925855">Surgery for pelvic floor disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nichols DH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surg Clin North Am</span>
1991 Oct;71(5):927-46.
doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)45526-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1925855" target="_blank">1925855</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6472808">Canalicular cystocele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Weinstein GS,
Tse DT,
Reese PD,
Anderson RL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ophthalmologica</span>
1984;189(1-2):64-8.
doi: 10.1159/000309387.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6472808" target="_blank">6472808</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (332)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29485251">Laparoscopic versus abdominal sacrocolpopexy for treatment of multi-compartmental pelvic organ prolapse: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ichikawa M,
Kaseki H,
Akira S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asian J Endosc Surg</span>
2018 Feb;11(1):15-22.
doi: 10.1111/ases.12478.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29485251" target="_blank">29485251</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29094218">Magnetic resonance defecography versus clinical examination and fluoroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramage L,
Simillis C,
Yen C,
Lutterodt C,
Qiu S,
Tan E,
Kontovounisios C,
Tekkis P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Coloproctol</span>
2017 Dec;21(12):915-927.
Epub 2017 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s10151-017-1704-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29094218" target="_blank">29094218</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27472812">Mesh Surgery for Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse: A Meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Juliato CR,
Santos Júnior LC,
Haddad JM,
Castro RA,
Lima M,
Castro EB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet</span>
2016 Jul;38(7):356-64.
Epub 2016 Jul 29
doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1585074.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27472812" target="_blank">27472812</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10374238" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23633316">Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maher C,
Feiner B,
Baessler K,
Schmid C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23633316" target="_blank">23633316</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23096979">The use of biological materials in urogynecologic reconstruction: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yurteri-Kaplan LA,
Gutman RE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2012 Nov;130(5 Suppl 2):242S-253S.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31826154e4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23096979" target="_blank">23096979</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cystocele%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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