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<meta name="keywords" content="C0021775, charcot's syndrome, claudication, claudication, intermittent, disease or syndrome, ic - intermittent claudication, intermittent claudication, intermittent vascular claudication, myasthenia angiosclerotica, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. After having walked over a distance which is individually characteristic, the patients experience pain or cramps in the calves, feet or thighs which typically subsides on standing still." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Intermittent claudication (Concept Id: C0021775)
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<!--
UID=7115
ConceptID=C0021775
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Intermittent claudication</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7115</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0021775</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Claudication, Intermittent; Intermittent Claudication</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Intermittent claudication (63491006); Myasthenia angiosclerotica (63491006); IC - Intermittent claudication (63491006); Claudication (63491006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004417">HP:0004417</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005295" target="_blank">MONDO:0005295</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Intermittent claudication is a symptom of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. After having walked over a distance which is individually characteristic, the patients experience pain or cramps in the calves, feet or thighs which typically subsides on standing still. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Intermittent claudication</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868211" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vascular physiology">Abnormal vascular physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1370420" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal arterial physiology">Abnormal arterial physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Intermittent claudication</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_4700"><div><strong>Fibromuscular dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4700</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016052</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMDA) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly involves the renal and carotid arteries. The prevalence of symptomatic renal artery FMDA is about 4 in 1,000 and the prevalence of cervicocranial FMDA is about half of that. Histologic classification includes 3 main subtypes, intimal, medial, and perimedial, which may be associated in a single patient. Angiographic classification includes the multifocal type, with multiple stenoses and the 'string of beads' appearance that is related to medial FMDA, and tubular and focal types, which are not clearly related to specific histologic lesions (summary by Plouin et al., 2007)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4700">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75658"><div><strong>Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268164</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficiency of the liver peroxisomal enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), which catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine. When AGT activity is reduced or absent, glyoxylate is converted to oxalate, which cannot be metabolized and must be excreted by the kidneys. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals form due to high urinary oxalate concentration. Urinary crystals aggregate, leading to nephrolithiasis (i.e., calcium oxalate kidney stones) in the renal pelvis / urinary tract; often the crystals deposit in kidney parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis). The age at presentation of PH1 ranges from infancy (age &lt;12 months) in 10% of individuals, childhood/adolescence (age 1-17 years) in 70%, and adulthood (age =18 years) in 20%. The natural history of untreated PH1 is (1) progressive decline in kidney function due to complications of nephrolithiasis (e.g., urinary obstruction, infection) and nephrocalcinosis, and (2) in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), high plasma oxalate concentrations result in other organ and tissue damage from calcium oxalate deposition (i.e., "oxalosis"), most commonly in the bones, heart, and retina. In the absence of treatment, progression of oxalosis results in death from kidney failure and/or other organ involvement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_698415"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inherited pseudoxanthoma elasticum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>698415</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1275116</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a systemic disorder that affects the elastic tissue of the skin, the eye, and vascular system. Individuals most commonly present with angioid streaks of the retina found on routine eye examination or associated with retinal hemorrhage and/or characteristic papules in the skin. The most frequent cause of morbidity and disability in PXE is reduced vision due to complications of subretinal neovascularizations and macular atrophy. Other manifestations include premature gastrointestinal angina and/or bleeding, intermittent claudication of arm and leg muscles, stroke, renovascular hypertension, and cardiovascular complications (angina/myocardial infarction). Most affected individuals live a normal life span.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/698415">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337912"><div><strong>Platelet prostacyclin receptor defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337912</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849774</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337912">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347132"><div><strong>Hereditary arterial and articular multiple calcification syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347132</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Adult-onset calcification of the lower extremity arteries (CALJA), including the iliac, femoral, and tibial arteries, and hand and foot capsule joints, is an autosomal recessive condition that represents only the second mendelian disorder of isolated calcification (see generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), 208000). Age of onset has been reported as early as the second decade of life, usually involving intense joint pain or calcification in the hands (St. Hilaire et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347132">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1632001"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632001</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693870</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome classic-like-2 (EDSCLL2) is characterized by severe joint and skin laxity, osteoporosis involving the hips and spine, osteoarthritis, soft redundant skin that can be acrogeria-like, delayed wound healing with abnormal atrophic scarring, and shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle dislocations. Variable features include gastrointestinal and genitourinary manifestations, such as bowel rupture, gut dysmotility, cryptorchidism, and hernias; vascular complications, such as mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilation; and skeletal anomalies (Blackburn et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of classic-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see 606408.&#13; For a discussion of the classification of EDS, see 130000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1632001">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_698415" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inherited pseudoxanthoma elasticum</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1632001" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_4700" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fibromuscular dysplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347132" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary arterial and articular multiple calcification syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337912" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Platelet prostacyclin receptor defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75658" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38743805">2024 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gornik HL,
Aronow HD,
Goodney PP,
Arya S,
Brewster LP,
Byrd L,
Chandra V,
Drachman DE,
Eaves JM,
Ehrman JK,
Evans JN,
Getchius TSD,
Gutiérrez JA,
Hawkins BM,
Hess CN,
Ho KJ,
Jones WS,
Kim ESH,
Kinlay S,
Kirksey L,
Kohlman-Trigoboff D,
Long CA,
Pollak AW,
Sabri SS,
Sadwin LB,
Secemsky EA,
Serhal M,
Shishehbor MH,
Treat-Jacobson D,
Wilkins LR;
Peer Review Committee Members</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2024 Jun 11;149(24):e1313-e1410.
Epub 2024 May 14
doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001251.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38743805" target="_blank">38743805</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37517924">Peripheral artery disease: Update on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mandaglio-Collados D,
Marín F,
Rivera-Caravaca JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin (Barc)</span>
2023 Oct 27;161(8):344-350.
Epub 2023 Jul 28
doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.06.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37517924" target="_blank">37517924</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30874413">Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Firnhaber JM,
Powell CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2019 Mar 15;99(6):362-369.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30874413" target="_blank">30874413</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22intermittent%20claudication%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (427)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25908725">Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Criqui MH,
Aboyans V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Res</span>
2015 Apr 24;116(9):1509-26.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25908725" target="_blank">25908725</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17413176">Intermittent claudication.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simon RW,
Simon-Schulthess A,
Amann-Vesti BR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2007 Apr 7;334(7596):746.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.39036.624306.68.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17413176" target="_blank">17413176</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1847882" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17223489">Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Norgren L,
Hiatt WR,
Dormandy JA,
Nehler MR,
Harris KA,
Fowkes FG;
TASC II Working Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vasc Surg</span>
2007 Jan;45 Suppl S:S5-67.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.12.037.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17223489" target="_blank">17223489</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17140820">Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Norgren L,
Hiatt WR,
Dormandy JA,
Nehler MR,
Harris KA,
Fowkes FG;
TASC II Working Group,
Bell K,
Caporusso J,
Durand-Zaleski I,
Komori K,
Lammer J,
Liapis C,
Novo S,
Razavi M,
Robbs J,
Schaper N,
Shigematsu H,
Sapoval M,
White C,
White J,
Clement D,
Creager M,
Jaff M,
Mohler E 3rd,
Rutherford RB,
Sheehan P,
Sillesen H,
Rosenfield K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2007;33 Suppl 1:S1-75.
Epub 2006 Nov 29
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.09.024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17140820" target="_blank">17140820</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17095782">Intermittent claudication.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cassar K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2006 Nov 11;333(7576):1002-5.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.39001.562813.DE.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17095782" target="_blank">17095782</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1635612" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intermittent%20claudication%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4341)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38588332">Peripheral Artery Disease: Past and Future.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McDermott MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2024 Apr 9;149(15):1151-1153.
Epub 2024 Apr 8
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065470.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38588332" target="_blank">38588332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25908725">Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Criqui MH,
Aboyans V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Res</span>
2015 Apr 24;116(9):1509-26.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25908725" target="_blank">25908725</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17413176">Intermittent claudication.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simon RW,
Simon-Schulthess A,
Amann-Vesti BR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2007 Apr 7;334(7596):746.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.39036.624306.68.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17413176" target="_blank">17413176</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1847882" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17140820">Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Norgren L,
Hiatt WR,
Dormandy JA,
Nehler MR,
Harris KA,
Fowkes FG;
TASC II Working Group,
Bell K,
Caporusso J,
Durand-Zaleski I,
Komori K,
Lammer J,
Liapis C,
Novo S,
Razavi M,
Robbs J,
Schaper N,
Shigematsu H,
Sapoval M,
White C,
White J,
Clement D,
Creager M,
Jaff M,
Mohler E 3rd,
Rutherford RB,
Sheehan P,
Sillesen H,
Rosenfield K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg</span>
2007;33 Suppl 1:S1-75.
Epub 2006 Nov 29
doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.09.024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17140820" target="_blank">17140820</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17095782">Intermittent claudication.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cassar K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2006 Nov 11;333(7576):1002-5.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.39001.562813.DE.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17095782" target="_blank">17095782</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1635612" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intermittent%20claudication%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2900)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28436583">Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Geneen LJ,
Moore RA,
Clarke C,
Martin D,
Colvin LA,
Smith BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2017 Apr 24;4(4):CD011279.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28436583" target="_blank">28436583</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5461882" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15557875">L-carnitine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Lett Drugs Ther</span>
2004 Nov 22;46(1196):95-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15557875" target="_blank">15557875</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12816020">Policosanol.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pepping J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Health Syst Pharm</span>
2003 Jun 1;60(11):1112-5.
doi: 10.1093/ajhp/60.11.1112.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12816020" target="_blank">12816020</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12490687">Herbal remedies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Smet PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2002 Dec 19;347(25):2046-56.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra020398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12490687" target="_blank">12490687</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9534023">Propionyl-L-carnitine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wiseman LR,
Brogden RN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs Aging</span>
1998 Mar;12(3):243-8; discussion 249-50.
doi: 10.2165/00002512-199812030-00006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9534023" target="_blank">9534023</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intermittent%20claudication%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3203)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30098617">Contemporary Management of Critical Limb Ischemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thompson JR,
Henke PK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Surg</span>
2018 Sep;52(1):257-274.
Epub 2018 Jun 19
doi: 10.1016/j.yasu.2018.03.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30098617" target="_blank">30098617</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25908725">Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Criqui MH,
Aboyans V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Res</span>
2015 Apr 24;116(9):1509-26.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25908725" target="_blank">25908725</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23342182">Criticial limb ischemia: epidemiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davies MG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J</span>
2012 Oct-Dec;8(4):10-4.
doi: 10.14797/mdcj-8-4-10.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23342182" target="_blank">23342182</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3549644" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19781503">Update on peripheral arterial disease and claudication rehabilitation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salameh MJ,
Ratchford EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am</span>
2009 Nov;20(4):627-56.
doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2009.06.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19781503" target="_blank">19781503</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12359342">PAD. Epidemiology and pathophysiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cimminiello C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thromb Res</span>
2002 Jun 1;106(6):V295-301.
doi: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00400-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12359342" target="_blank">12359342</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intermittent%20claudication%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2126)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35412564">Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bearne LM,
Volkmer B,
Peacock J,
Sekhon M,
Fisher G,
Galea Holmes MN,
Douiri A,
Amirova A,
Farran D,
Quirke-McFarlane S,
Modarai B,
Sackley C,
Weinman J,
Bieles J;
MOSAIC Trial Collaboration</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2022 Apr 12;327(14):1344-1355.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.3391.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35412564" target="_blank">35412564</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9006109" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30739583">Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hicks CW,
Black JH 3rd,
Ratchford EV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasc Med</span>
2019 Apr;24(2):190-194.
Epub 2019 Feb 10
doi: 10.1177/1358863X18822750.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30739583" target="_blank">30739583</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27998051">Follow-up and surveillance of vein grafts: when and how to intervene to prevent complications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McBRIDE OM,
Chalmers RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)</span>
2017 Apr;58(2):284-292.
Epub 2016 Dec 19
doi: 10.23736/S0021-9509.16.09839-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27998051" target="_blank">27998051</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25449991">Effect of structured home-based exercise on walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Li Z,
Chang G,
Wang M,
Wu R,
Wang S,
Yao C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Vasc Surg</span>
2015 Apr;29(3):597-606.
Epub 2014 Oct 31
doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.10.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25449991" target="_blank">25449991</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12005160">Haemodynamic limitations and exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Green S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Physiol Funct Imaging</span>
2002 Mar;22(2):81-91.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2281.2002.00400.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12005160" target="_blank">12005160</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Intermittent%20claudication%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2046)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36721954">Endovascular revascularization strategies for aortoiliac and femoropopliteal artery disease: a meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Koeckerling D,
Raguindin PF,
Kastrati L,
Bernhard S,
Barker J,
Quiroga Centeno AC,
Raeisi-Dehkordi H,
Khatami F,
Niehot C,
Lejay A,
Szeberin Z,
Behrendt CA,
Nordanstig J,
Muka T,
Baumgartner I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Heart J</span>
2023 Mar 14;44(11):935-950.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac722.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36721954" target="_blank">36721954</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10011342" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35130092">A systematic review of exercise intervention reporting quality and dose in studies of intermittent claudication.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ibeggazene S,
Pymer S,
Birkett ST,
Caldow E,
Harwood AE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vascular</span>
2023 Jun;31(3):477-488.
Epub 2022 Feb 7
doi: 10.1177/17085381211070700.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35130092" target="_blank">35130092</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10233510" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31153838">Supervised Exercise Therapy and Revascularization for Intermittent Claudication: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saratzis A,
Paraskevopoulos I,
Patel S,
Donati T,
Biasi L,
Diamantopoulos A,
Zayed H,
Katsanos K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JACC Cardiovasc Interv</span>
2019 Jun 24;12(12):1125-1136.
Epub 2019 May 29
doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.02.018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31153838" target="_blank">31153838</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28436583">Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Geneen LJ,
Moore RA,
Clarke C,
Martin D,
Colvin LA,
Smith BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2017 Apr 24;4(4):CD011279.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28436583" target="_blank">28436583</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5461882" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26727925">Management of lumbar spinal stenosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lurie J,
Tomkins-Lane C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2016 Jan 4;352:h6234.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.h6234.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26727925" target="_blank">26727925</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6887476" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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