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<!--
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||
UID=68544
|
||
ConceptID=C0231686
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Unsteady gait</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0231686</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Gait, Unsteady; Unsteady Gait</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Unsteady gait (22631008); Instability of gait (22631008); Unsteady when walking (22631008); Unstable when walking (22631008); Disequilibrium when walking (22631008)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002317">HP:0002317</a></td></tr>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">A shaky or wobbly manner of walking. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0231686[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=68544">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=68544" ref="ncbi_uid=68544">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Unsteady gait</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/19974" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Clinical finding">Clinical finding</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/272632" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Finding by Site or System">Finding by Site or System</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98386" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurological finding">Neurological finding</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66714" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurological symptom">Neurological symptom</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/233196" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Motor Manifestations">Motor Manifestations</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107895" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Gait disturbance">Gait disturbance</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Unsteady gait</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/324663" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Gait instability, worse in the dark">Gait instability, worse in the dark</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_66358"><div><strong>Abortive cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66358</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0221061</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">'Behr syndrome' is a clinical term that refers to the constellation of early-onset optic atrophy accompanied by neurologic features, including ataxia, pyramidal signs, spasticity, and mental retardation (Behr, 1909; Thomas et al., 1984). Patients with mutations in genes other than OPA1 can present with clinical features reminiscent of Behr syndrome. Mutations in one of these genes, OPA3 (606580), result in type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MGCA3; 258501). Lerman-Sagie (1995) noted that the abnormal urinary pattern in MGCA3 may not be picked up by routine organic acid analysis, suggesting that early reports of Behr syndrome with normal metabolic features may actually have been 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66358">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82852"><div><strong>Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82852</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0270724</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a continuum of three phenotypes with overlapping clinical and radiologic features: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD). PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD usually begins between ages six months and three years with psychomotor regression or delay, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Many affected children never learn to walk or lose the ability shortly after attaining it. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Disease progression is rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, progressive cognitive decline, and visual impairment. Many affected children do not survive beyond their first decade. Atypical NAD shows more phenotypic variability than INAD. In general, onset is in early childhood but can be as late as the end of the second decade. The presenting signs may be gait instability, ataxia, or speech delay and autistic features, which are sometimes the only evidence of disease for a year or more. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Neuropsychiatric disturbances including impulsivity, poor attention span, hyperactivity, and emotional lability are also common. The course is fairly stable during early childhood and resembles static encephalopathy but is followed by neurologic deterioration between ages seven and 12 years. PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism has a variable age of onset, but most individuals present in early adulthood with gait disturbance or neuropsychiatric changes. Affected individuals consistently develop dystonia and parkinsonism (which may be accompanied by rapid cognitive decline) in their late teens to early twenties. Dystonia is most common in the hands and feet but may be more generalized. The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82852">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_90979"><div><strong>Diabetes-deafness syndrome maternally transmitted</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90979</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0342289</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Maternally inherited diabetes-deafness syndrome (MIDD) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by onset of sensorineural hearing loss and diabetes in adulthood. Some patients may have additional features observed in mitochondrial disorders, including pigmentary retinopathy, ptosis, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, renal problems, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Ballinger et al., 1992; Reardon et al., 1992; Guillausseau et al., 2001). The association of diabetes and deafness is observed with Wolfram syndrome (see 222300), Rogers syndrome (249270), and Herrmann syndrome (172500), but all 3 of these disorders have other clinical manifestations.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90979">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_196689"><div><strong>Chiari type I malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196689</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0750929</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Arnold-Chiari type I malformation refers to a relatively mild degree of herniation of the posteroinferior region of the cerebellum (the cerebellar tonsils) into the cervical canal with little or no displacement of the fourth ventricle. It is characterized by one or both pointed (not rounded) cerebellar tonsils that project 5 mm below the foramen magnum, measured by a line drawn from the basion to the opisthion (McRae Line)</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196689">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_199606"><div><strong>Classic homocystinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199606</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0751202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) deficiency is characterized by involvement of the eye (ectopia lentis and/or severe myopia), skeletal system (excessive height, long limbs, scolioisis, and pectus excavatum), vascular system (thromboembolism), and CNS (developmental delay/intellectual disability). All four ? or only one ? of the systems can be involved; expressivity is variable for all of the clinical signs. It is not unusual for a previously asymptomatic individual to present in adult years with only a thromboembolic event that is often cerebrovascular. Two phenotypic variants are recognized, B6-responsive homocystinuria and B6-non-responsive homocystinuria. B6-responsive homocystinuria is usually milder than the non-responsive variant. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. IQ in individuals with untreated homocystinuria ranges widely, from 10 to 138. In B6-responsive individuals the mean IQ is 79 versus 57 for those who are B6-non-responsive. Other features that may occur include: seizures, psychiatric problems, extrapyramidal signs (e.g., dystonia), hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, malar flush, livedo reticularis, and pancreatitis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/199606">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155629"><div><strong>Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155629</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0751779</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SCARB2-related action myoclonus – renal failure syndrome (SCARB2-AMRF) comprises a continuum of two major (and ultimately fatal) manifestations: progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) and renal involvement that is apparently due to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The neurologic and renal manifestations progress independently. In some instances, renal involvement is not observed; thus, PME without renal manifestations caused by biallelic SCARB2 pathogenic variants is considered to be one end of the spectrum of SCARB2-AMRF. All individuals reported to date developed neurologic findings; in some instances renal manifestations predated neurologic involvement by decades. The disease progresses relentlessly, with neurologic deterioration (especially increasing severity of myoclonus) and/or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leading to death within seven to 15 years after onset.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155629">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155704"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0752121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, including nystagmus, slow saccadic eye movements, and in some individuals, ophthalmoparesis or parkinsonism. Pyramidal findings are present; deep tendon reflexes are brisk early on and absent later in the course. Age of onset is typically in the fourth decade with a ten- to 15-year disease duration.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155704">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_163229"><div><strong>X-linked progressive cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0796205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SCAX1 is an X-linked recessive neurologic disorder characterized by hypotonia at birth, delayed motor development, gait ataxia, difficulty standing, dysarthria, and slow eye movements. Brain MRI shows cerebellar ataxia (summary by Bertini et al., 2000). Genetic Heterogeneity of X-linked Spinocerebellar Ataxia X-linked recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAX) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also SCAX2 (302600), SCAX3 (301790), SCAX4 (301840), and SCAX5 (300703). SCAX6 (301310) is caused by mutation in the ABCB7 gene (300135).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163229">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_230896"><div><strong>Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>230896</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1327919</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SAMD9L ataxia-pancytopenia (ATXPC) syndrome is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, variable hematologic cytopenias, and predisposition to marrow failure, myelodysplasia, and myeloid leukemia, sometimes associated with monosomy 7. The onset of hematologic abnormalities has been reported as early as age three months. The cytopenias in all cell lineages range from mild to very severe. Onset of neurologic impairment is variable. Nystagmus, dysmetria, increased deep tendon reflexes, and clonus are common. Gait impairment and other neurologic abnormalities are slowly progressive.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/230896">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371304"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371304</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1832334</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D (CMT4D) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by early-onset distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, and sensory loss affecting all modalities. Affected individuals develop deafness by the third decade of life (summary by Okamoto et al., 2014). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, see CMT4A (214400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371304">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324487"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324487</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4H (CMT4H) is a demyelinating CMT peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy. It has been described in 10 individuals from two large consanguineous families from Lebanon and Algeria. Onset occurs within the first two years of life with slowly progressive muscle weakness in the distal extremities. Other common features include delayed walking, an abnormal gait, scoliosis and pes equines with toe retraction. CMT4H is caused by mutations in the FGD4 gene (12p11.1). Transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324487">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324520"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324520</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of progressive gait difficulties, eye movement abnormalities, and dysarthria in the first or second decade of life (summary by Dy et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324520">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335096"><div><strong>Deafness, X-linked 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335096</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1845095</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked deafness-5 is a neurologic disorder characterized by childhood onset of auditory neuropathy and later onset of distal sensory impairment affecting the peripheral nervous system (summary by Zong et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335096">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335168"><div><strong>X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335168</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1845359</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare distal hereditary motor neuropathy with characteristics of slowly progressive atrophy and weakness of distal muscles of hands and feet with normal deep tendon reflexes or absent ankle reflexes and minimal or no sensory loss, sometimes mild proximal weakness in the legs and feet and hand deformities in males.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335168">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338532"><div><strong>Trichomegaly-retina pigmentary degeneration-dwarfism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338532</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">PNPLA6 disorders span a phenotypic continuum characterized by variable combinations of cerebellar ataxia; upper motor neuron involvement manifesting as spasticity and/or brisk reflexes; chorioretinal dystrophy associated with variable degrees of reduced visual function; and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (delayed puberty and lack of secondary sex characteristics). The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs either in isolation or as part of anterior hypopituitarism (growth hormone, thyroid hormone, or gonadotropin deficiencies). Common but less frequent features are peripheral neuropathy (usually of axonal type manifesting as reduced distal reflexes, diminished vibratory sensation, and/or distal muscle wasting); hair anomalies (long eyelashes, bushy eyebrows, or scalp alopecia); short stature; and impaired cognitive functioning (learning disabilities in children; deficits in attention, visuospatial abilities, and recall in adults). Some of these features can occur in distinct clusters on the phenotypic continuum: Boucher-Neuhäuser syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, chorioretinal dystrophy, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism); Gordon Holmes syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and – to a variable degree – brisk reflexes); Oliver-McFarlane syndrome (trichomegaly, chorioretinal dystrophy, short stature, intellectual disability, and hypopituitarism); Laurence-Moon syndrome; and spastic paraplegia type 39 (SPG39) (upper motor neuron involvement, peripheral neuropathy, and sometimes reduced cognitive functioning and/or cerebellar ataxia).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338532">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338045"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 6 (hepatocerebral type)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1850406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">MPV17-related mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance defect presents in the vast majority of affected individuals as an early-onset encephalohepatopathic (hepatocerebral) disease that is typically associated with mtDNA depletion, particularly in the liver. A later-onset neuromyopathic disease characterized by myopathy and neuropathy, and associated with multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle, has also rarely been described. MPV17-related mtDNA maintenance defect, encephalohepatopathic form is characterized by: Hepatic manifestations (liver dysfunction that typically progresses to liver failure, cholestasis, hepatomegaly, and steatosis); Neurologic involvement (developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, and motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy); Gastrointestinal manifestations (gastrointestinal dysmotility, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive); and Metabolic derangements (lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia). Less frequent manifestations include renal tubulopathy, nephrocalcinosis, and hypoparathyroidism. Progressive liver disease often leads to death in infancy or early childhood. Hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338045">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339994"><div><strong>Phelan-McDermid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1853490</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Phelan-McDermid syndrome-SHANK3 related (PMS-SHANK3 related) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, absent to severely delayed speech, developmental delay, and minor dysmorphic facial features. Most affected individuals have moderate-to-profound intellectual disability. Other features include relatively large fleshy hands, dysplastic toenails, and decreased perspiration that results in a tendency to overheat. Normal stature and normal head size distinguish PMS-SHANK3 related from other autosomal chromosome disorders. Neurobehavioral characteristics include mouthing or chewing non-food items, decreased perception of pain, and autism spectrum disorder or autistic-like affect and behavior. Some individuals experience regression / loss of skills, epilepsy, ataxic/abnormal gait, and sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, hypersomnia, and parasomnias). Less commonly, affected individuals may have strabismus, vision problems (hyperopia or myopia), cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, and lymphedema. Those who have PMS-SHANK3 related due to a ring chromosome 22 also have a high risk of developing features of NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339994">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343383"><div><strong>Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855553</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by the buildup of a chemical called lactic acid in the body and a variety of neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of this condition usually first appear shortly after birth, and they can vary widely among affected individuals. The most common feature is a potentially life-threatening buildup of lactic acid (lactic acidosis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, severe breathing problems, and an abnormal heartbeat. People with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency usually have neurological problems as well. Most have delayed development of mental abilities and motor skills such as sitting and walking. Other neurological problems can include intellectual disability, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), poor coordination, and difficulty walking. Some affected individuals have abnormal brain structures, such as underdevelopment of the tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain (corpus callosum), wasting away (atrophy) of the exterior part of the brain known as the cerebral cortex, or patches of damaged tissue (lesions) on some parts of the brain. Because of the severe health effects, many individuals with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency do not survive past childhood, although some may live into adolescence or adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343383">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347622"><div><strong>Huntington disease-like 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347622</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858114</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare Huntington disease-like syndrome with characteristics of childhood-onset progressive neurologic deterioration with pyramidal and extrapyramidal abnormalities, chorea, dystonia, ataxia, gait instability, spasticity, seizures, mutism, and (on brain MRI) progressive frontal cortical atrophy and bilateral caudate atrophy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347622">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349134"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349134</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859298</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-2 (SCAR2) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of impaired motor development and ataxic gait in early childhood. Additional features often include loss of fine motor skills, dysarthria, nystagmus, cerebellar signs, and delayed cognitive development with intellectual disability. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy. Overall, the disorder is non- or slowly progressive, with survival into adulthood (summary by Jobling et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349134">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349893"><div><strong>Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1860808</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (TPID) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by congenital hemolytic anemia, and progressive neuromuscular dysfunction beginning in early childhood. Many patients die from respiratory failure in childhood. The neurologic syndrome is variable, but usually includes lower motor neuron dysfunction with hypotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, and hyporeflexia. Some patients may show additional signs such as dystonic posturing and/or spasticity. Laboratory studies show intracellular accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), particularly in red blood cells (summary by Fermo et al., 2010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349893">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355137"><div><strong>Huntington disease-like 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355137</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1864112</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Genetic prion disease generally manifests with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. The three major phenotypes of genetic prion disease are genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Although these phenotypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset typically ranges from 50 to 60 years. The disease course ranges from a few months in gCJD and FFI to a few (up to 4, and in rare cases up to 10) years in GSS syndrome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355137">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350498"><div><strong>Pyridoxal phosphate-responsive seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1864723</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Untreated pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency, characterized by a range of seizure types, is "classic" (i.e., seizure onset in the neonatal period) in about 90% of affected individuals and "late onset" (seizure onset after the neonatal period) in about 10%. In classic PNPO deficiency, seizures (including status epilepticus) often begin on the first day of life and typically before age two weeks. In both classic and late-onset untreated PNPO deficiency, seizure semiology varies from myoclonic to clonic or tonic seizures, and seizures are typically resistant to common anti-seizure medications. Independent of age of onset, seizures respond to life-long treatment with a B6 vitamer: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in about 60% of affected individuals and pyridoxine (PN) in about 40%. About 60% of individuals with PNPO deficiency have developmental impairment, affecting speech, cognition, and behavior; some individuals have neurologic impairment such as muscular hypotonia or dystonia. Severe neurodevelopmental impairment is more likely to occur in individuals with PNPO deficiency who experienced diagnostic delay and prolonged periods of uncontrolled seizures.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350498">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358384"><div><strong>Dystonia 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358384</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1868681</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">ATP1A3-related disorder consists of heterogenous overlapping clinical findings that pertain to the four most common historically defined phenotypes: alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC); cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS) syndrome; relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia (RECA) / fever-induced paroxysmal weakness and encephalopathy (FIPWE); and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP). These phenotypes exist on a spectrum and should be regarded as classifications of convenience. AHC is characterized by onset prior to age 18 months of paroxysmal hemiplegic episodes, predominately involving the limbs and/or the whole body, lasting from minutes to hours to days (and sometimes weeks) with remission only during sleep, only to resume after awakening. Although paroxysmal episodic neurologic dysfunction predominates early in the disease course, with age increasingly persistent neurologic dysfunction predominates, including oculomotor apraxia and strabismus, dysarthria, speech and language delay, developmental delay, and impairment in social skills. Other system involvement may include cardiovascular (cardiac conduction abnormalities) and gastrointestinal (constipation, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain) manifestations. CAPOS syndrome presents in infancy or childhood (usually ages 6 months to 5 years) with cerebellar ataxia during or after a fever. The acute febrile encephalopathy may include hypotonia, flaccidity, nystagmus, strabismus, dysarthria/anarthria, lethargy, loss of consciousness, and even coma. Usually, considerable recovery occurs within days to weeks; however, persistence of some degree of ataxia and other manifestations is typical. RECA/FIPWE primarily presents with fever-induced episodes (infancy to age 5 years); however, first episodes can occur occasionally in young adults during illnesses such as mononucleosis. Recurrent fever-induced episodes may be ataxia-dominated RECA-like motor manifestations or FIPWE-like non-motor manifestations (encephalopathy) and can vary among affected individuals. Notably, RECA-like and FIPWE-like manifestations can occur in the same individual in different episodes. In some individuals episodes seem to decrease in frequency and severity over time, whereas others might experience worsening of manifestations. RDP presents in individuals ages 18 months to 60 years and older with dystonia that is typically of abrupt onset over hours to several weeks, though some individuals report gradual onset over the course of months. A stress-related trigger is identifiable in up to 75% of individuals. Dystonia rarely improves significantly after onset; some individuals report mild improvement over time, whereas others can experience subsequent episodes of abrupt worsening months to years after onset. Limbs are usually the first to be affected, although by the time of diagnosis – typically many years after onset – individuals most commonly display a bulbar-predominant generalized dystonia. Exceptions are common and a rostrocaudal gradient is rare rather than typical. Migraines and seizures are also observed.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358384">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390767"><div><strong>15q11q13 microduplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2675336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove">Maternal 15q duplication syndrome (maternal dup15q) is characterized by hypotonia and motor delays, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy including infantile spasms. Rarely, maternal dup15q may also be associated with psychosis or sudden unexplained death. Those with a maternal isodicentric 15q11.2-q13.1 supernumerary chromosome are typically more severely affected than those with an interstitial duplication.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390767">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414534"><div><strong>DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414534</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2752007</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type C15 (MDDGC15) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness, manifest initially as unsteady gait, but later including more distal muscles, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The age at onset varies widely from the first decade to adulthood; those with earlier onset may have delayed motor development. Laboratory studies show increased serum creatine kinase and muscle biopsy shows dystrophic features with decreased alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1; 128239). Biochemical studies often show evidence of abnormal N-glycosylation of serum proteins, consistent with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) (summary by Svahn et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy- dystroglycanopathy type C, see MDDGC1 (609308). For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414534">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414553"><div><strong>Oxoglutaricaciduria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2752074</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency (OGDHD) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with features of infantile- and pediatric-onset basal ganglia-associated movement disorders, hypotonia, developmental delays, ataxia, and seizures (summary by Yap et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414553">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_443956"><div><strong>MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>443956</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931008</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by enzymatic defects in the synthesis and processing of asparagine (N)-linked glycans or oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. These glycoconjugates play critical roles in metabolism, cell recognition and adhesion, cell migration, protease resistance, host defense, and antigenicity, among others. CDGs are divided into 2 main groups: type I CDGs (see, e.g., CDG1A, 212065) comprise defects in the assembly of the dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) chain and its transfer to the nascent protein, whereas type II CDGs refer to defects in the trimming and processing of the protein-bound glycans either late in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi compartments. The biochemical changes of CDGs are most readily observed in serum transferrin (TF; 190000), and the diagnosis is usually made by isoelectric focusing of this glycoprotein (reviews by Marquardt and Denecke, 2003; Grunewald et al., 2002). Genetic Heterogeneity of Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type II Multiple forms of CDG type II have been identified; see CDG2B (606056) through CDG2Z (620201), and CDG2AA (620454) to CDG2BB (620546).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/443956">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_424706"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>424706</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2936332</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-3 (LGMDR3) affects mainly the proximal muscles and results in difficulty walking. Most individuals have onset in childhood; the disorder is progressive. Other features may include scapular winging, calf pseudohypertrophy, and contractures. Cardiomyopathy has rarely been reported (summary by Babameto-Laku et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, see LGMDR1 (253600).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/424706">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477102"><div><strong>Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Chudley-Schwartz type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477102</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3275471</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by moderate intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphic facial features and in some older patients slowly progressive unsteady gait and progressive weakness that has material basis in variation in the chromosomal region Xq21.33-q23.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477102">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481346"><div><strong>N-acetylaspartate deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481346</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3279716</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481346">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761343"><div><strong>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 56</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761343</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3539507</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-56 with or without pseudoxanthoma elasticum (SPG56) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset progressive lower-limb spasticity resulting in walking difficulties. Upper limbs are often also affected, and some patients may have a subclinical axonal neuropathy (summary by Tesson et al., 2012). Some patients also have pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Legrand et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia, see 270800.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761343">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762202"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762202</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3542026</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012). For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see 601539. Individuals with mutations in the PEX2 gene have cells of complementation group 5 (CG5, equivalent to CG10 and CGF). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see 214100.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762202">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766575"><div><strong>Cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766575</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553661</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities (CECBA) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder with significant phenotypic heterogeneity, even within families. The disorder is most often diagnosed through genetic analysis with retrospective clinical phenotyping. Symptom onset is usually in early childhood, although later onset, even in adulthood, has been reported. Most affected individuals show global developmental delay from early childhood, particularly of motor and language skills. Many have mild intellectual disability; behavioral and psychiatric abnormalities such as autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder are also often observed. The movement disorder is prominent and may include cerebellar signs such as ataxia, tremor, dysmetria, poor coordination, and dysarthria. Other abnormal movements including spasticity, myoclonus, and dystonia have been reported, thus widening the phenotypic spectrum. Brain imaging is usually normal, but may show cerebellar atrophy or nonspecific white matter lesions. Variable dysmorphic facial features may also be present (summary by Thevenon et al., 2012; Jacobs et al., 2021; Wijnen et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766575">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766862"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553948</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood. Some patients with PEX10 mutations have a milder disorder characterized by childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia and neuropathy without mental retardation (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012). For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see 601539. Individuals with mutations in the PEX10 gene have cells of complementation group 7 (CG7, equivalent to CGB). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see 214100.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766862">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766874"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 8B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553960</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012). For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see 601539. Individuals with mutations in the PEX16 gene have cells of complementation group 9 (CG9, equivalent to CGD). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see 214100.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766874">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816083"><div><strong>Developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3809753</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability is a rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by infant hypotonia and feeding difficulties, global development delay, mild to moderated intellectual disability, delayed independent ambulation, broad-based gait with arms upheld and flexed at the elbow with brisk walking or running, and limited language skills. Behavior patterns are highly variable and range from sociable and affectionate to autistic behavior.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816656"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816656</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3810326</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-15 (SCAR15) is characterized by early-onset ataxia, cognitive impairment, dysarthria, and developmental delay. Variable features include seizures, nystagmus, and abnormal reflexes (Seidahmed et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816656">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_855217"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>855217</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3889636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 37 (SCA37) is characterized by adult onset, dysarthria, slowly progressive gait and limb ataxia with severe dysmetria in the lower extremities, mild dysmetria in the upper extremities, dysphagia, and abnormal ocular movements (dysmetric vertical saccades, irregular and slow vertical smooth pursuit, slow vertical optokinetic nystagmus, and oscillopsia (visual disturbance in which objects appear to oscillate). In most individuals, the initial signs/symptoms include falls, dysarthria, or clumsiness followed by a complete cerebellar syndrome. A distinctive clinical feature is the presence of altered vertical eye movements in early stages of the disease, even preceding ataxia symptoms. Clinical progression is slow and affected individuals usually become wheelchair bound between ten and 33 years after disease onset.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/855217">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_861227"><div><strong>Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>861227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4012790</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by progressive cerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. Laboratory studies of patient cells showed increased susceptibility to radiation, consistent with a defect in DNA repair. The disorder shares some phenotypic features of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT; 208900), but telangiectases and immune deficiency are not present in ATLD1 (summary by Hernandez et al., 1993 and Stewart et al., 1999). Genetic Heterogeneity of Ataxia-Telangiectasia-Like Disorder See also ATLD2 (615919), caused by mutation in the PCNA gene (176740) on chromosome 20p12.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/861227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863113"><div><strong>Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863113</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-2 (ATLD2) is an autosomal recessive syndrome resulting from defects in DNA excision repair. Affected individuals have a neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by developmental delay, ataxia, and sensorineural hearing loss. Other features include short stature, cutaneous and ocular telangiectasia, and photosensitivity (summary by Baple et al., 2014). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of ATLD, see ATLD1 (604391).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863113">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863738"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4015301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-17 (SCAR17) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of gait ataxia and cerebellar signs in early childhood. Patients also have variably impaired intellectual development (summary by Evers et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863738">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_864072"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2T</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>864072</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4015635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2T (CMT2T) is a slowly progressive autosomal recessive sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy with onset in middle age (Higuchi et al., 2016). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of axonal CMT, see CMT2A1 (118210).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/864072">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_908281"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 41</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>908281</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225158</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III disorder with characteristics of adult-onset progressive imbalance and loss of coordination associated with an ataxic gait. Mild atrophy of the cerebellar vermis has been reported on brain magnetic resonance imaging.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/908281">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_902592"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>902592</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-42 (SCA42) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized predominantly by gait instability and additional cerebellar signs such as dysarthria, nystagmus, and saccadic pursuits. The age at onset and severity of the disorder is highly variable. The disorder is slowly progressive (Coutelier et al., 2015). For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/902592">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_909039"><div><strong>Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>909039</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225248</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Seizures, scoliosis, and macrocephaly/microcephaly syndrome (SSMS) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from early infancy, impaired intellectual development, behavioral problems, poor or absent speech, seizures, dysmorphic facial features with macro- or microcephaly, and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis and delayed bone age. Other features may include hypotonia, gastrointestinal problems, and exostoses (summary by Gentile et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/909039">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_894862"><div><strong>PMP22-RAI1 contiguous gene duplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>894862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Yuan-Harel-Lupski syndrome (YUHAL) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay and early-onset peripheral neuropathy. The disorder comprises features of both demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A; 118220), which results from duplication of the PMP22 gene on 17p12, and Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS; 610883), which results from duplication of a slightly proximal region on 17p11.2 that includes the RAI1 gene. These 2 loci are about 2.5 Mb apart. The resultant YUHAL phenotype may be more severe in comparison to the individual contributions of each gene, with particularly early onset of peripheral neuropathy and features of both central and peripheral nervous system involvement (summary by Yuan et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/894862">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_901897"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>901897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225312</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions-2 (PEOB2) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by adult onset of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and signs and symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia, such as impaired gait and dysarthria. Some patients may have respiratory insufficiency. Laboratory studies are consistent with a defect in mtDNA replication (summary by Reyes et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive PEO, see PEOB1 (258450).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/901897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_897930"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 33</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>897930</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225337</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-33 (DEE33) is a neurologic disorder characterized by the onset of various types of seizures in the first months of life. Affected individuals show severe global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and poor or absent speech (summary by de Ligt et al., 2012). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/897930">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_900371"><div><strong>Spondylo-ocular syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>900371</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225412</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondyloocular syndrome (SOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by platyspondyly, bone fragility, cataract, retinal detachment, hearing impairment, cardiac defects, and facial dysmorphism (Schmidt et al., 2001; Munns et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/900371">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934710"><div><strong>Striatonigral degeneration, childhood-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934710</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310743</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood-onset striatonigral degeneration (SNDC) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by sudden onset of neurodegeneration with regression of developmental milestones in the first years of life. Patients develop impaired movement with dystonia, become nonverbal and nonambulatory, and show striatal abnormalities on brain imaging (Lenk et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934710">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934748"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 22</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934748</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310781</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the VWA3B gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934748">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1379711"><div><strong>Lopes-Maciel-Rodan syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1379711</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4479491</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1379711">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1393733"><div><strong>Gaze palsy, familial horizontal, with progressive scoliosis, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1393733</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4479640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1393733">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1386785"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2P</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1386785</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4511963</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">MDDGC9 is an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy showing onset in early childhood. It is part of a group of similar disorders resulting from defective glycosylation of DAG1, collectively known as 'dystroglycanopathies' (summary by Hara et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type C, see MDDGC1 (609308).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1386785">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1385103"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 40</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1385103</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4518336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A very rare disease with characteristics of adult-onset unsteady gait and dysarthria, followed by wide-based gait, gait ataxia, ocular dysmetria, intention tremor, scanning speech, hyperreflexia and dysdiadochokinesis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1385103">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1622554"><div><strong>Syringomyelia, isolated</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1622554</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4538540</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Syringomyelia (Greek: 'syrinx,' pipe, and 'myelos,' marrow) is a tubular cavity in the spinal cord. It can occur sporadically in association with spinal cord tumors, inflammatory arachnoiditis, or posttraumatically. It is rarely idiopathic (less than 1% of cases). The vast majority of cases of syringomyelia are cervical, noncommunicating, and associated with an abnormality at the foramen magnum, particularly the Chiari malformation type I (CM1; 118420), as well as basilar impression (109500) and Dandy-Walker malformation (220200) (Speer et al., 2003; Levine, 2004); these cases have shown familial segregation. The form of syringomyelia discussed here is 'noncommunicating' with the fourth ventricle, but may communicate with the subarachnoid space. In contrast, 'communicating' syringomyelia, or 'hydromelia,' opens rostrally into the fourth ventricle and almost always occurs in children with hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation type II (CM2; 207950), and spina bifida (see 182940) (Levine, 2004).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1622554">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1618560"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 46</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1618560</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539851</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1618560">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617917"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 26</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539948</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617917">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1626137"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1626137</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540199</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-91 (DEE91) is characterized by delayed psychomotor development apparent in infancy and resulting in severely to profoundly impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech. Most patients never achieve independent walking. Patients typically have onset of refractory multifocal seizures between the first weeks and years of life, and some may show developmental regression. Additional features, such as hypotonia and cortical visual impairment, are more variable (summary by Myers et al., 2017). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1626137">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1622296"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 61</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1622296</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540424</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">MRT61 is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, moderate to severe intellectual disability, and variable dysmorphic facial features. More severely affected patients may develop refractory seizures and have brain abnormalities, including hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (summary by Alwadei et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1622296">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1623344"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 53</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1623344</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540481</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1623344">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1639327"><div><strong>Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to CREBBP mutations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639327</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is characterized by distinctive facial features, broad and often angulated thumbs and halluces, short stature, and moderate-to-severe intellectual disability. Characteristic craniofacial features include downslanted palpebral fissures, low-hanging columella, high palate, grimacing smile, and talon cusps. Prenatal growth is often normal, then height, weight, and head circumference percentiles rapidly drop in the first few months of life. Short stature is typical in adulthood. Obesity may develop in childhood or adolescence. Average IQ ranges between 35 and 50; however, developmental outcome varies considerably. Some individuals with EP300-related RSTS have normal intellect. Additional features include ocular abnormalities, hearing loss, respiratory difficulties, congenital heart defects, renal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, feeding problems, recurrent infections, and severe constipation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1639327">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1647077"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1647077</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features (NEDMAGA) is characterized by infantile-onset global developmental delay with severe to profound intellectual disability, mildly delayed walking with broad-based and unsteady gait, and absence of meaningful language. Patients have features of autism, with repetitive behaviors and poor communication, but usually are socially reactive and have a happy demeanor. More variable neurologic features include mild seizures, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Palmer et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1647077">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1645224"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1645224</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693587</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-8 (NBIA8) is characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and manifests as a progressive extrapyramidal syndrome with dystonia, rigidity, and choreoathetosis (Drecourt et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of NBIA, see NBIA1 (234200).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1645224">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1647785"><div><strong>Ververi-Brady syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1647785</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693824</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ververi-Brady syndrome (VEBRAS) is characterized by mild developmental delay, mildly impaired intellectual development and speech delay, and mild dysmorphic facial features. Affected individuals can usually attend mainstream schools with support, and may also show autistic features (summary by Ververi et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1647785">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646555"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646555</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4706313</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis with onset in infancy or early childhood of muscular hypotonia, gait ataxia, mild bilateral pyramidal tract signs, developmental delay (affecting mostly speech and coordination) and subsequent intellectual disability. Short stature, obesity, microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, lactic acidosis, and a brain neuropathology consistent with Leigh syndrome are also reported. Caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MTFMT gene on chromosome 15q22.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646555">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1636182"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1636182</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4706415</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-14 (SCAR14) is a neurologic disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, severe early-onset gait ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and impaired intellectual development (summary by Lise et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1636182">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648474"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648474</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4721541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a phenotypic continuum ranging from severe to mild. While individual phenotypes (e.g., Zellweger syndrome [ZS], neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy [NALD], and infantile Refsum disease [IRD]) were described in the past before the biochemical and molecular bases of this spectrum were fully determined, the term "ZSD" is now used to refer to all individuals with a defect in one of the ZSD-PEX genes regardless of phenotype. Individuals with ZSD usually come to clinical attention in the newborn period or later in childhood. Affected newborns are hypotonic and feed poorly. They have distinctive facies, congenital malformations (neuronal migration defects associated with neonatal-onset seizures, renal cysts, and bony stippling [chondrodysplasia punctata] of the patella[e] and the long bones), and liver disease that can be severe. Infants with severe ZSD are significantly impaired and typically die during the first year of life, usually having made no developmental progress. Individuals with intermediate/milder ZSD do not have congenital malformations, but rather progressive peroxisome dysfunction variably manifest as sensory loss (secondary to retinal dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss), neurologic involvement (ataxia, polyneuropathy, and leukodystrophy), liver dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency, and renal oxalate stones. While hypotonia and developmental delays are typical, intellect can be normal. Some have osteopenia; almost all have ameleogenesis imperfecta in the secondary teeth.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648474">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648278"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648278</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4746984</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648278">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648327"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder with speech delay, dysmorphic facies, and t-cell abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648327</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748152</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any BAFopathy in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the BCL11B gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648327">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648401"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 65</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648401</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748219</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648401">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648480"><div><strong>Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648480</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748283</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive peripheral neuropathy with or without impaired intellectual development is an early childhood-onset neurologic disorder characterized by slowly progressive distal motor impairment resulting in gait difficulties, often with loss of ambulation, and difficulties using the hands in most patients. Most affected individuals also have impaired intellectual development, although some have normal cognition. Electrophysiologic testing and sural nerve biopsy are most compatible with an axonal motor neuropathy; some patients may show signs of demyelination. Additional features may include eye movement abnormalities, claw hands, foot deformities, and scoliosis (summary by Ylikallio et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648480">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648339"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748428</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">IDDMSSD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual development, poor speech, postnatal macrocephaly, and seizures (Harms et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648339">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648495"><div><strong>Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648495</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748701</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (SNIBCPS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and delayed speech acquisition. Affected individuals tend to have expressive language deficits, with speech apraxia and dysarthria. Other features include macrocephaly and characteristic facial features, such as prominent forehead and hypertelorism, hypotonia, and joint laxity. The severity of the neurologic deficits and presence of nonneurologic features is variable (summary by Snijders Blok et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648495">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648439"><div><strong>Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648439</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748927</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations (MCCCHCM) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, and characteristic brain abnormalities on brain imaging. Affected individuals have enlargement of the corpus callosum, enlarged ventricles, and cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia. Other features may include lack of speech development, gait instability, and seizures. Some patients with MAST1 mutations may have impaired intellectual development and/or autism spectrum disorder without significant findings on brain imaging (summary by Tripathy et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648439">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648291"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4749014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648291">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1674542"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1674542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5190574</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-16 (SCAR16) is a progressive neurologic disorder characterized by truncal and limb ataxia, resulting in gait instability, associated with cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Most patients have onset in the teenage years, although earlier and later onset have been reported. Additional features may include dysarthria, nystagmus, hyperreflexia of the lower limbs, and mild peripheral sensory neuropathy. Some patients have gonadal dysfunction or hypogonadism and/or cognitive deficits. The phenotype represents a spectrum or continuum of neurodegenerative features that may overlap with those of SCA48 (summary by Shi et al., 2013 and Ravel et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1674542">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1683985"><div><strong>Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1683985</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193008</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome (MKMS) is an X-linked recessive disorder with features of microcephaly, microtia, hearing loss, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, congenital heart defect, and digit abnormalities. Females are generally affected more severely than males (Mullegama et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1683985">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675664"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable brain abnormalities; NEDBA</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193102</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable brain abnormalities (NEDBA) is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy or early childhood, resulting in mildly delayed walking, variably impaired intellectual development, and poor or absent speech. Additional features may include hypotonia, spasticity, or ataxia. About half of patients have abnormal findings on brain imaging, including cerebral or cerebellar atrophy, loss of white matter volume, thin corpus callosum, and perisylvian polymicrogyria. Seizures are not a prominent finding, and although some patients may have nonspecific dysmorphic facial features, there is no common or consistent gestalt (summary by Platzer et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675664">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1672912"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1672912</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193119</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment (NEDSSWI) is an autosomal recessive disorder with onset in infancy. Patients show global developmental delay, particularly of speech acquisition, as well as walking difficulties due to hypotonia, hypertonia, spasticity, or poor coordination. Other features include seizures, mild dysmorphic features, and variable short stature. The pregnancies tend to be complicated by hyper- or hypotension (summary by Ganapathi et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1672912">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1672905"><div><strong>Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1672905</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities (HIDEA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, poor or absent speech, hypotonia, variable ocular movement and visual abnormalities, and respiratory difficulties, including hypoventilation, and sleep apnea. Patients may have significant breathing problems during respiratory infections that may lead to early death (summary by Rahikkala et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1672905">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684689"><div><strong>Neuromuscular disease and ocular or auditory anomalies with or without seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684689</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231483</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neuromuscular oculoauditory syndrome (NMOAS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with variable features including hypotonia, nonspecific developmental delay, and ear deformity or sensorineural deafness. Features may be reminiscent of Aicardi syndrome (see 304050), with chorioretinal lacunae, infantile spasms, and agenesis of the corpus callosum (Paine et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684689">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1759445"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia 83, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1759445</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436637</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-83 (SPG83) is a neurologic disorder characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity resulting in gait instability. Patients develop symptoms in the second decade, consistent with juvenile onset. Some patients may have myalgia or mild dysarthria, but the phenotype is considered to be a pure type of SPG with no additional neurologic abnormalities (summary by Husain et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia, see SPG5A (270800).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1759445">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779901"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779901</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543254</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy (NDAXOA) is an autosomal dominant disorder with somewhat variable manifestations. Most affected individuals present in mid-adulthood with slowly progressive cerebellar and gait ataxia, optic atrophy, and myopathy or myalgia. Some patients may have a childhood history of neurologic features, including limited extraocular movements. Additional features can include cardiomyopathy, psychiatric disturbances, and peripheral sensory impairment (summary by Taylor et al., 1996 and Courage et al., 2017).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779901">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778853"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 30</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778853</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543620</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-30 (SCAR30) is a progressive neurologic disorder characterized by childhood-onset global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, motor dysfunction, and cerebellar ataxia. Affected individuals may also have psychiatric abnormalities, such as obsessive behavior, psychotic episodes, or hallucinations. Brain imaging usually shows cerebellar atrophy, although this may be an age-dependent feature (summary by Langer et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778853">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794247"><div><strong>Zaki syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794247</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562037</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Zaki syndrome (ZKS) is characterized by developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, and short stature, as well as dysmorphic features including sparse scalp hair, cupped ears, wide nose and mouth, short philtrum, and high-arched palate. Other variable features have been observed, including ocular, skeletal, cardiac, and renal anomalies (Chai et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794247">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1798887"><div><strong>Infantile-onset generalized dyskinesia with orofacial involvement</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1798887</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5567464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Infantile-onset limb and orofacial dyskinesia is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by delayed motor development and onset of a hyperkinetic movement disorder in the first year of life. The disorder results in impaired walking and orofacial dyskinesia with difficulty talking; the severity is variable (summary by Diggle et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1798887">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1805601"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 49</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1805601</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676950</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-49 (SCA49) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized initially by gait abnormalities, gaze-evoked nystagmus, and hyperreflexia. The age at onset is highly variable, ranging from the second to seventh decades, even within the same family. The disorder is slowly progressive, and later features may include dysarthria, dysmetria, diplopia, pyramidal signs, and axonal peripheral neuropathy. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy and myelination defects (Corral-Juan et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1805601">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1807523"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder with or without peripheral neuropathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1807523</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676969</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual developmental disorder with or without peripheral neuropathy (IDDPN) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay with mildly impaired intellectual development apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals have hypotonia and delayed walking with an unsteady gait and frequent falls. Some patients develop a progressive length-dependent sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Additional features may include dysarthria and subtle dysmorphic facial features (Diaz et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1807523">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823966"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 77</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823966</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-77 (MRT77) is a nonsyndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired cognitive development apparent from infancy. Affected individuals usually have delayed walking, sometimes with an unsteady gait, and may have poor speech and communication. Brain imaging is normal, and there are no additional significant neurologic abnormalities (Khoshbakht et al., 2021). Mutation in the CEP104 gene also causes a form of Joubert syndrome (JBTS25; 616781).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823966">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824020"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia 88, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774247</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia-88 (SPG88) is characterized by onset of symptoms in the first year of life. Affected individuals show delayed motor development with walking difficulties due to spasticity of the lower limbs. The disorder is slowly progressive, but variable in severity; some patients are unable to ambulate independently. Most patients have a pure form of the disorder, although rare patients have been reported to have additional features, including peripheral neuropathy, speech delay, ADHD, and nonspecific brain imaging abnormalities (Schob et al., 2021, Estiar et al., 2022, De Winter et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (182600).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1830482"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1830482</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5779972</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination / vanishing white matter (CACH/VWM) is characterized by ataxia, spasticity, and variable optic atrophy. The phenotypic range includes a prenatal/congenital form, a subacute infantile form (onset age <1 year), an early childhood-onset form (onset age 1 to <4 years), a late childhood-/juvenile-onset form (onset age 4 to <18 years), and an adult-onset form (onset =18 years). The prenatal/congenital form is characterized by severe encephalopathy. In the later-onset forms initial motor and intellectual development is normal or mildly delayed, followed by neurologic deterioration with a chronic progressive or subacute course. While in childhood-onset forms motor deterioration dominates, in adult-onset forms cognitive decline and personality changes dominate. Chronic progressive decline can be exacerbated by rapid deterioration during febrile illnesses or following head trauma or major surgical procedures, or by acute and extreme fright.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1830482">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840204"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 111</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840204</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5829568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-111 (XLID111) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by different degrees of impaired intellectual development associated with motor, speech, and behavioral impairments (El Chehadeh et al., 2022).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840204">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841040"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841040</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination / vanishing white matter (CACH/VWM) is characterized by ataxia, spasticity, and variable optic atrophy. The phenotypic range includes a prenatal/congenital form, a subacute infantile form (onset age <1 year), an early childhood-onset form (onset age 1 to <4 years), a late childhood-/juvenile-onset form (onset age 4 to <18 years), and an adult-onset form (onset =18 years). The prenatal/congenital form is characterized by severe encephalopathy. In the later-onset forms initial motor and intellectual development is normal or mildly delayed, followed by neurologic deterioration with a chronic progressive or subacute course. While in childhood-onset forms motor deterioration dominates, in adult-onset forms cognitive decline and personality changes dominate. Chronic progressive decline can be exacerbated by rapid deterioration during febrile illnesses or following head trauma or major surgical procedures, or by acute and extreme fright.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841040">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841042"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination / vanishing white matter (CACH/VWM) is characterized by ataxia, spasticity, and variable optic atrophy. The phenotypic range includes a prenatal/congenital form, a subacute infantile form (onset age <1 year), an early childhood-onset form (onset age 1 to <4 years), a late childhood-/juvenile-onset form (onset age 4 to <18 years), and an adult-onset form (onset =18 years). The prenatal/congenital form is characterized by severe encephalopathy. In the later-onset forms initial motor and intellectual development is normal or mildly delayed, followed by neurologic deterioration with a chronic progressive or subacute course. While in childhood-onset forms motor deterioration dominates, in adult-onset forms cognitive decline and personality changes dominate. Chronic progressive decline can be exacerbated by rapid deterioration during febrile illnesses or following head trauma or major surgical procedures, or by acute and extreme fright.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841042">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841049"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841049</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830413</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities (NEDMSBA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, delayed or absent walking, impaired intellectual development, and poor or absent speech, apparent from early infancy. Affected individuals have postnatal progressive microcephaly and may show poor overall growth and dysmorphic facial features. Additional more variable features include cortical visual impairment, seizures, hypotonia, spasticity, and sensorineural deafness. Brain imaging is abnormal in most patients, showing myelination defects, cortical atrophy, or thin corpus callosum. There is phenotypic variability, even within families (Bogershausen et al., 2022; Lin et al., 2022).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841049">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1849676"><div><strong>Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal dominant 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1849676</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882697</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy-11 (HMND11) is a peripheral axonal motor neuropathy characterized by juvenile or young-adult onset of distal limb muscle weakness and atrophy mainly affecting the lower limbs, resulting in gait instability and walking difficulties. Foot deformities may also be present. The disorder is usually slowly progressive, and patients remain ambulatory until late adulthood. Some affected individuals may have distal upper limb and hand involvement or mild distal sensory abnormalities, but motor symptoms dominate the clinical picture. Electrophysiologic studies are consistent with a length-dependent axonal motor or sensorimotor neuropathy. Seizures are not present and brain imaging is normal (Beijer et al., 2019). One reported affected individual had a marfanoid habitus and mild speech delay with learning disabilities, suggesting possible expansion of the phenotypic spectrum (Ylikallio et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant distal HMN, see HMND1 (182960).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1849676">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847831"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline (CONDCAC) is characterized by the onset of progressive gait and truncal ataxia in early childhood. Affected individuals have muscle weakness and atrophy and sensorimotor axonal neuropathy; some may lose ambulation. Additional features include cognitive decline or learning disabilities. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy (Delle Vedove et al., 2022).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847831">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1862491"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy, porphyria-related</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1862491</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935575</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Porphyria-associated leukoencephalopathy (LENCEP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of variable and slowly progressive neurologic abnormalities in childhood or adolescence with survival to late adulthood. Features include spastic paraparesis, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral axonal neuropathy, ocular abnormalities, and leukoencephalopathy affecting the deep cerebral white matter on brain imaging. Some individuals have more severe manifestations, such as optic atrophy with progressive visual loss, loss of ambulation, and mild cognitive decline. Laboratory studies show variably increased plasma and urinary levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), and uroporphyrin due to decreased HMBS enzyme activity. The severity of the disorder appears to depend on the particular genotype and the variant effects on HMBS enzymatic activity; intrafamilial variability is often observed. The clinical discrepancies may be particularly apparent in individuals with compound heterozygous HMBS variants that have different effects on enzyme function (Stutterd et al., 2021).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1862491">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1861320"><div><strong>Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 29</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1861320</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935611</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-29 (LGMDR29) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by onset of muscle weakness predominantly affecting the proximal lower limbs, although upper limb involvement also occurs. The disorder, which causes walking difficulties, is progressive and may result in loss of ambulation. Additional features include joint contractures, spinal abnormalities, and significant restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. Muscle biopsy shows dystrophic and myofibrillar changes, and serum creatine kinase is increased. Rare individuals have been reported to have central nervous system involvement, including cataracts, developmental delay, and brain imaging abnormalities (Nashabat et al., 2024 and Iruzubieta et al., 2024). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive limb- girdle muscular dystrophy, see LGMDR1 (253600).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1861320">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854654"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854654</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935628</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">ReNU syndrome (RENU), also known as neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language (NEDHAFA), is characterized by hypotonia, global developmental delay, severely impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, delayed walking or inability to walk, feeding difficulties with poor overall growth, seizures (in most), dysmorphic facial features, and brain anomalies, including ventriculomegaly, thin corpus callosum, and progressive white matter loss (Greene et al., 2024; Schot et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2024).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854654">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">15q11q13 microduplication syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_66358" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abortive cerebellar ataxia</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_155629" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_230896" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_861227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 1</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (102)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863113" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 2</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_424706" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1386785" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2P</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1636182" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 14</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816656" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 15</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1674542" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 17</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349134" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 2</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324520" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 7</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766575" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_864072" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2T</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371304" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324487" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_196689" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chiari type I malformation</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_199606" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Classic homocystinuria</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646555" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 15</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335096" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deafness, X-linked 5</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1626137" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 91</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_897930" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 33</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental delay with autism spectrum disorder and gait instability</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_90979" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diabetes-deafness syndrome maternally transmitted</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414534" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358384" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dystonia 12</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1393733" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gaze palsy, familial horizontal, with progressive scoliosis, 2</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_761343" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 56</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355137" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Huntington disease-like 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347622" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Huntington disease-like 3</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1672905" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82852" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1798887" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infantile-onset generalized dyskinesia with orofacial involvement</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1807523" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder with or without peripheral neuropathy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648327" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder with speech delay, dysmorphic facies, and t-cell abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823966" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 77</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840204" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 111</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1618560" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 46</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1623344" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 53</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1622296" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 61</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648401" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 65</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1830482" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841040" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841042" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1862491" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy, porphyria-related</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1379711" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lopes-Maciel-Rodan syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648439" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_443956" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648278" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 12</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 6 (hepatocerebral type)</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1683985" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mullegama-Klein-Martinez syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1861320" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal recessive 29</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481346" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">N-acetylaspartate deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779901" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1645224" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1847831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854654" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, brain anomalies, distinctive facies, and absent language</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and ataxia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841049" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and speech delay, with or without brain abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1647077" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675664" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without variable brain abnormalities; NEDBA</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1672912" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and speech and walking impairment</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684689" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuromuscular disease and ocular or auditory anomalies with or without seizures</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1849676" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal dominant 11</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oxoglutaricaciduria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648480" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648474" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 1A (Zellweger)</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_762202" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 5B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 8B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phelan-McDermid syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_894862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PMP22-RAI1 contiguous gene duplication syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_901897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyridoxal phosphate-responsive seizures</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343383" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1639327" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to CREBBP mutations</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_909039" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648495" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1759445" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia 83, autosomal recessive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia 88, autosomal dominant</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1805601" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 49</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_155704" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_855217" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 37</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1385103" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 40</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_908281" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 41</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_902592" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934748" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 22</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617917" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 26</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778853" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 30</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_900371" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylo-ocular syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934710" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Striatonigral degeneration, childhood-onset</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477102" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Chudley-Schwartz type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1622554" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syringomyelia, isolated</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338532" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Trichomegaly-retina pigmentary degeneration-dwarfism syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1647785" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ververi-Brady syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335168" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked distal spinal muscular atrophy type 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_163229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked progressive cerebellar ataxia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794247" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Zaki syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39797973">Giant encephalocele in newborns: prenatal diagnosis, management and outcome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Qudsieh S,
|
||
Barbarawi MM,
|
||
Qudsieh H,
|
||
Barbaraw L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
|
||
2025 Jan 11;41(1):89.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00381-025-06750-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39797973" target="_blank">39797973</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26157011">Dizziness and Unstable Gait in Old Age: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jahn K,
|
||
Kressig RW,
|
||
Bridenbaugh SA,
|
||
Brandt T,
|
||
Schniepp R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dtsch Arztebl Int</span>
|
||
2015 Jun 5;112(23):387-93.
|
||
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0387.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26157011" target="_blank">26157011</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4498008" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18848314">Diagnosis and initial management of cerebellar infarction.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edlow JA,
|
||
Newman-Toker DE,
|
||
Savitz SI</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
|
||
2008 Oct;7(10):951-64.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70216-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18848314" target="_blank">18848314</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22unsteady%20gait%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng127" target="_blank">UK NICE Guideline (NG127), Suspected neurological conditions: recognition and referral, 2023</a></h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37433427">Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls Among Older People in Nursing Homes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shao L,
|
||
Shi Y,
|
||
Xie XY,
|
||
Wang Z,
|
||
Wang ZA,
|
||
Zhang JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
|
||
2023 Nov;24(11):1708-1717.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jul 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37433427" target="_blank">37433427</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35084689">AARS2-Related Leukodystrophy: a Case Report and Literature Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang X,
|
||
Li J,
|
||
Zhang Y,
|
||
Gao M,
|
||
Peng T,
|
||
Tian T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
|
||
2023 Feb;22(1):59-69.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jan 27
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12311-022-01369-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35084689" target="_blank">35084689</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26856489">Falls prevention: Identification of predictive fall risk factors.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Callis N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Appl Nurs Res</span>
|
||
2016 Feb;29:53-8.
|
||
Epub 2015 May 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26856489" target="_blank">26856489</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19762709">HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kattah JC,
|
||
Talkad AV,
|
||
Wang DZ,
|
||
Hsieh YH,
|
||
Newman-Toker DE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
|
||
2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10.
|
||
Epub 2009 Sep 17
|
||
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19762709" target="_blank">19762709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4593511" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16926202">Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rubenstein LZ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Age Ageing</span>
|
||
2006 Sep;35 Suppl 2:ii37-ii41.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl084.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16926202" target="_blank">16926202</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (156)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34047014">HECW2-related disorder in four Japanese patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yanagishita T,
|
||
Hirade T,
|
||
Shimojima Yamamoto K,
|
||
Funatsuka M,
|
||
Miyamoto Y,
|
||
Maeda M,
|
||
Yanagi K,
|
||
Kaname T,
|
||
Nagata S,
|
||
Nagata M,
|
||
Ishihara Y,
|
||
Miyashita Y,
|
||
Asano Y,
|
||
Sakata Y,
|
||
Kosaki K,
|
||
Yamamoto T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2021 Oct;185(10):2895-2902.
|
||
Epub 2021 May 28
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62363.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34047014" target="_blank">34047014</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29178241">Rare FMR1 gene mutations causing fragile X syndrome: A review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sitzmann AF,
|
||
Hagelstrom RT,
|
||
Tassone F,
|
||
Hagerman RJ,
|
||
Butler MG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2018 Jan;176(1):11-18.
|
||
Epub 2017 Nov 27
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38504.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29178241" target="_blank">29178241</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6697153" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27221016">Unsteady Gait and Dizziness.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Welsh L,
|
||
Binder W,
|
||
Miller ES</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
|
||
2016 Jun;50(6):887-90.
|
||
Epub 2016 May 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.032.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27221016" target="_blank">27221016</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19762709">HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kattah JC,
|
||
Talkad AV,
|
||
Wang DZ,
|
||
Hsieh YH,
|
||
Newman-Toker DE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
|
||
2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10.
|
||
Epub 2009 Sep 17
|
||
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19762709" target="_blank">19762709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4593511" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16679463">Unsteady gait.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nandhagopal R,
|
||
Krishnamoorthy SG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Postgrad Med J</span>
|
||
2006 May;82(967):e7-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.040774.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16679463" target="_blank">16679463</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2563792" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (303)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38423756">Paroxysmal dysarthria-ataxia syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cauchi M,
|
||
Abela J,
|
||
Dingli N,
|
||
Vella N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pract Neurol</span>
|
||
2024 Jul 16;24(4):310-312.
|
||
doi: 10.1136/pn-2023-004023.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38423756" target="_blank">38423756</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37676473">Network Meta-analysis of Different Treatments for Vestibular Migraine.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen JJ,
|
||
Zeng BS,
|
||
Su KP,
|
||
Wu YC,
|
||
Tu YK,
|
||
Stubbs B,
|
||
Chen TY,
|
||
Zeng BY,
|
||
Chen YW,
|
||
Hsu CW,
|
||
Tseng PT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Drugs</span>
|
||
2023 Sep;37(9):837-847.
|
||
Epub 2023 Sep 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40263-023-01037-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37676473" target="_blank">37676473</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10501927" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37433427">Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls Among Older People in Nursing Homes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shao L,
|
||
Shi Y,
|
||
Xie XY,
|
||
Wang Z,
|
||
Wang ZA,
|
||
Zhang JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
|
||
2023 Nov;24(11):1708-1717.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jul 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37433427" target="_blank">37433427</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27221016">Unsteady Gait and Dizziness.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Welsh L,
|
||
Binder W,
|
||
Miller ES</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
|
||
2016 Jun;50(6):887-90.
|
||
Epub 2016 May 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.03.032.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27221016" target="_blank">27221016</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23342419">The ataxic cirrhotic.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ambrose T,
|
||
Chandra N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
|
||
2012 Dec;12(6):598-9.
|
||
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.12-6-598.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23342419" target="_blank">23342419</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5922606" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (144)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37433427">Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls Among Older People in Nursing Homes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shao L,
|
||
Shi Y,
|
||
Xie XY,
|
||
Wang Z,
|
||
Wang ZA,
|
||
Zhang JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
|
||
2023 Nov;24(11):1708-1717.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jul 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37433427" target="_blank">37433427</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26856489">Falls prevention: Identification of predictive fall risk factors.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Callis N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Appl Nurs Res</span>
|
||
2016 Feb;29:53-8.
|
||
Epub 2015 May 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26856489" target="_blank">26856489</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23975413">Fifteen-minute consultation: The child with acute ataxia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Prasad M,
|
||
Ong MT,
|
||
Setty G,
|
||
Whitehouse WP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed</span>
|
||
2013 Dec;98(6):217-23.
|
||
Epub 2013 Aug 23
|
||
doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304653.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23975413" target="_blank">23975413</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19762709">HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kattah JC,
|
||
Talkad AV,
|
||
Wang DZ,
|
||
Hsieh YH,
|
||
Newman-Toker DE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
|
||
2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10.
|
||
Epub 2009 Sep 17
|
||
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19762709" target="_blank">19762709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4593511" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15804792">Glioblastoma multiforme in pregnancy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mackenzie AP,
|
||
Levine G,
|
||
Garry D,
|
||
Figueroa R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
||
2005 Jan;17(1):81-3.
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767050400028709.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15804792" target="_blank">15804792</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (114)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38301322">A Retrospective Review of 18 Patients With Childhood-Onset Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Nine With Novel Variants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kilic MA,
|
||
Yildiz EP,
|
||
Deniz A,
|
||
Coskun O,
|
||
Kurekci F,
|
||
Avci R,
|
||
Genc HM,
|
||
Yesil G,
|
||
Akbas S,
|
||
Yesilyurt A,
|
||
Kara B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
|
||
2024 Mar;152:189-195.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jan 6
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.01.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38301322" target="_blank">38301322</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33567192">Posture, Gait, Quality of Life, and Hearing with a Vestibular Implant.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chow MR,
|
||
Ayiotis AI,
|
||
Schoo DP,
|
||
Gimmon Y,
|
||
Lane KE,
|
||
Morris BJ,
|
||
Rahman MA,
|
||
Valentin NS,
|
||
Boutros PJ,
|
||
Bowditch SP,
|
||
Ward BK,
|
||
Sun DQ,
|
||
Treviño Guajardo C,
|
||
Schubert MC,
|
||
Carey JP,
|
||
Della Santina CC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2021 Feb 11;384(6):521-532.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2020457.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33567192" target="_blank">33567192</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8477665" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27426223">Identifying Fallers among Home Care Clients with Dementia and Parkinson's Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bansal S,
|
||
Hirdes JP,
|
||
Maxwell CJ,
|
||
Papaioannou A,
|
||
Giangregorio LM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Aging</span>
|
||
2016 Sep;35(3):319-31.
|
||
Epub 2016 Jul 18
|
||
doi: 10.1017/S0714980816000325.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27426223" target="_blank">27426223</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5092149" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26856489">Falls prevention: Identification of predictive fall risk factors.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Callis N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Appl Nurs Res</span>
|
||
2016 Feb;29:53-8.
|
||
Epub 2015 May 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26856489" target="_blank">26856489</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19762709">HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome: three-step bedside oculomotor examination more sensitive than early MRI diffusion-weighted imaging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kattah JC,
|
||
Talkad AV,
|
||
Wang DZ,
|
||
Hsieh YH,
|
||
Newman-Toker DE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
|
||
2009 Nov;40(11):3504-10.
|
||
Epub 2009 Sep 17
|
||
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.551234.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19762709" target="_blank">19762709</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4593511" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (96)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37676473">Network Meta-analysis of Different Treatments for Vestibular Migraine.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen JJ,
|
||
Zeng BS,
|
||
Su KP,
|
||
Wu YC,
|
||
Tu YK,
|
||
Stubbs B,
|
||
Chen TY,
|
||
Zeng BY,
|
||
Chen YW,
|
||
Hsu CW,
|
||
Tseng PT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Drugs</span>
|
||
2023 Sep;37(9):837-847.
|
||
Epub 2023 Sep 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s40263-023-01037-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37676473" target="_blank">37676473</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10501927" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37433427">Incidence and Risk Factors of Falls Among Older People in Nursing Homes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shao L,
|
||
Shi Y,
|
||
Xie XY,
|
||
Wang Z,
|
||
Wang ZA,
|
||
Zhang JE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
|
||
2023 Nov;24(11):1708-1717.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jul 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37433427" target="_blank">37433427</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37393439">Gabapentin monotherapy for epilepsy: A review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ziganshina LE,
|
||
Abakumova T,
|
||
Hoyle CHV</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Risk Saf Med</span>
|
||
2023;34(3):243-286.
|
||
doi: 10.3233/JRS-235001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37393439" target="_blank">37393439</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26991944">A systematic literature review on nurses' and health care support workers' experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moonga J,
|
||
Likupe G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Nurs</span>
|
||
2016 Jul;25(13-14):1789-804.
|
||
Epub 2016 Mar 16
|
||
doi: 10.1111/jocn.13158.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26991944" target="_blank">26991944</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25177834">Flupenthixol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tardy M,
|
||
Dold M,
|
||
Engel RR,
|
||
Leucht S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2014 Sep 1;2014(9):CD009227.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009227.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25177834" target="_blank">25177834</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10726982" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
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|
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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|
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|
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0231686%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (10)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0231686%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (10)</a></li>
|
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0231686%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (10)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Unsteady%20gait" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22unsteady%20gait%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Unsteady%20gait%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng127">NICE, 2023</a><div>UK NICE Guideline (NG127), Suspected neurological conditions: recognition and referral, 2023</div></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Unsteady%20gait%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=68544" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0231686[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
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<li class="brieflinkpopper">
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0231686[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&from_uid=68544" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
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