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<meta name="keywords" content="C0234376, action tremor, action tremors, ataxic tremor, sign or symptom, tremor, action, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=65875
ConceptID=C0234376
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Action tremor</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65875</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234376</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Action Tremor; Action Tremors; Tremor, Action</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Action tremor (30721006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002345">HP:0002345</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0234376[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=65875">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=65875" ref="ncbi_uid=65875">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Action tremor</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/105425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the nervous system">Abnormality of the nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868417" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nervous system physiology">Abnormal nervous system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10113" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Movement disorder">Movement disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8514" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dyskinesia">Dyskinesia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/21635" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tremor">Tremor</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Action tremor</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868202" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Isometric tremor">Isometric tremor</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1638576" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Kinetic tremor">Kinetic tremor</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1642960" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intention tremor">Intention tremor</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66696" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Postural tremor">Postural tremor</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488794" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Titubation">Titubation</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/299071" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Head titubation">Head titubation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/382380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Truncal titubation">Truncal titubation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868495" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vocal tremor">Vocal tremor</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_64430"><div><strong>Roussy-Lévy syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>64430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0205713</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Roussy-Levy syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early onset of prominent ataxia followed by late onset of mild motor involvement. Symptoms progress very slowly, and affected individuals may remain ambulatory throughout life (Auer-Grumbach et al., 1998; Plante-Bordeneuve et al., 1999).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/64430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120644"><div><strong>Urocanate hydratase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120644</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268514</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Urocanase deficiency (UROCD) is characterized clinically by urocanic aciduria, impaired intellectual development, severe intermittent ataxia coinciding with infection, tremor, and nystagmus (Espinos et al., 2009).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120644">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82813"><div><strong>gamma-Glutamyltransferase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82813</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A disorder that is characterized by increased glutathione concentration in the plasma and urine.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82813">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155629"><div><strong>Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155629</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0751779</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SCARB2-related action myoclonus renal failure syndrome (SCARB2-AMRF) comprises a continuum of two major (and ultimately fatal) manifestations: progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) and renal involvement that is apparently due to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The neurologic and renal manifestations progress independently. In some instances, renal involvement is not observed; thus, PME without renal manifestations caused by biallelic SCARB2 pathogenic variants is considered to be one end of the spectrum of SCARB2-AMRF. All individuals reported to date developed neurologic findings; in some instances renal manifestations predated neurologic involvement by decades. The disease progresses relentlessly, with neurologic deterioration (especially increasing severity of myoclonus) and/or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leading to death within seven to 15 years after onset.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155629">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155704"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, including nystagmus, slow saccadic eye movements, and in some individuals, ophthalmoparesis or parkinsonism. Pyramidal findings are present; deep tendon reflexes are brisk early on and absent later in the course. Age of onset is typically in the fourth decade with a ten- to 15-year disease duration.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155704">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_163229"><div><strong>X-linked progressive cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SCAX1 is an X-linked recessive neurologic disorder characterized by hypotonia at birth, delayed motor development, gait ataxia, difficulty standing, dysarthria, and slow eye movements. Brain MRI shows cerebellar ataxia (summary by Bertini et al., 2000).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of X-linked Spinocerebellar Ataxia&#13; X-linked recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAX) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. See also SCAX2 (302600), SCAX3 (301790), SCAX4 (301840), and SCAX5 (300703). SCAX6 (301310) is caused by mutation in the ABCB7 gene (300135).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163229">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373352"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 20 (SCA20) is characterized by a slowly progressive ataxia and dysarthria. Approximately two thirds of those affected also display palatal tremor ("myoclonus") and/or abnormal phonation clinically resembling spasmodic adductor dysphonia. Dysarthria, which may be abrupt in onset, precedes the onset of ataxia in about two thirds of affected individuals, sometimes by a number of years. Hypermetric horizontal saccades (without nystagmus or disturbance of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain) are seen in about half of affected persons. Although minor pyramidal signs (brisk knee jerks, crossed adductor spread) may be seen, spasticity and extensor plantar responses are not. Cognition is normal. Clinical information is based on the findings in 16 personally examined affected members of a single Australian family of Anglo-Celtic descent.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373352">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333403"><div><strong>Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333403</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839780</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FMR1 disorders include fragile X syndrome (FXS), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI). Fragile X syndrome occurs in individuals with an FMR1 full mutation or other loss-of-function variant and is nearly always characterized in affected males by developmental delay and intellectual disability along with a variety of behavioral issues. Autism spectrum disorder is present in 50%-70% of individuals with FXS. Affected males may have characteristic craniofacial features (which become more obvious with age) and medical problems including hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux, strabismus, seizures, sleep disorders, joint laxity, pes planus, scoliosis, and recurrent otitis media. Adults may have mitral valve prolapse or aortic root dilatation. The physical and behavioral features seen in males with FXS have been reported in females heterozygous for the FMR1 full mutation, but with lower frequency and milder involvement. FXTAS occurs in individuals who have an FMR1 premutation and is characterized by late-onset, progressive cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor followed by cognitive impairment. Psychiatric disorders are common. Age of onset is typically between 60 and 65 years and is more common among males who are hemizygous for the premutation (40%) than among females who are heterozygous for the premutation (16%-20%). FXPOI, defined as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism before age 40 years, has been observed in 20% of women who carry a premutation allele compared to 1% in the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333403">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375289"><div><strong>Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) may present in early infancy, childhood, or adulthood. Early-infantile BTBGD presents before age three months with vomiting, feeding difficulties, encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and respiratory failure. Classic BTBGD presents between ages three and ten years with recurrent subacute encephalopathy manifesting as confusion, seizures, ataxia, supranuclear facial palsy, external ophthalmoplegia, and/or dysphagia that, if left untreated, can eventually lead to coma and even death. Dystonia and cogwheel rigidity are nearly always present; hyperreflexia, ankle clonus, and Babinski responses are common. Hemiparesis or quadriparesis may be seen. Episodes are often triggered by febrile illness or mild trauma or stress. Simple partial or generalized seizures are easily controlled with anti-seizure medication. Adult Wernicke-like encephalopathy BTBGD, described in three individuals to date, presents after age ten years with acute onset of status epilepticus, ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia. Prompt administration of biotin and thiamine early in the disease course results in partial or complete improvement within days in classic and adult BTBGD; however, most infants with early-infantile BTBGD have a poor outcome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375289">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337257"><div><strong>Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337257</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Hedera type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSH) is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy and progressive neurologic decline with abnormal movements, spasticity, and seizures. Brain imaging shows volume loss of cortical white and gray matter, thin corpus callosum, and myelination defects, consistent with a neurodegenerative process. Only males are affected (summary by Hirose et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337257">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338301"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15/16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338301</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847725</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-15 (SCA15) is an autosomal dominant, adult-onset, slowly progressive form of cerebellar ataxia. Most patients also have disabling action and postural tremor, and some have pyramidal tract affection, dorsal column involvement, and gaze palsy. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy mainly affecting the vermis (summary by Synofzik et al., 2011).&#13; Autosomal dominant 'pure' cerebellar ataxia, classified as ADCA type III by Harding (1983, 1993), is a genetically heterogeneous disorder (see, e.g., 117210).&#13; For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338301">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341120"><div><strong>Huntington disease-like 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341120</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1847987</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Huntington disease-like 2 (HDL2) typically presents in midlife with a relentless progressive triad of movement, emotional, and cognitive abnormalities which lead to death within ten to 20 years. HDL2 cannot be differentiated from Huntington disease clinically. Neurologic abnormalities include chorea, hypokinesia (rigidity, bradykinesia), dysarthria, and hyperreflexia in the later stages of the disease. There is a strong correlation between the duration of the disease and the progression of the motor and cognitive disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341120">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347653"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347653</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858501</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rare disease with manifestations of action tremor associated with relatively mild cerebellar ataxia. Associated pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and dementia have been reported. Prevalence is unknown. Approximately 40 families have been reported. The pathogenesis seems to be related to a toxic effect at the RNA level as it is caused by a CAG expansion at the 5'' end of the PPP2R2B gene on chromosome 5q31-5q32.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347653">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349909"><div><strong>Tremor, hereditary essential, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349909</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1860861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Essential tremor may be the most common human movement disorder. The main feature of essential tremor is postural tremor of the arms, but the head, legs, trunk, voice, jaw, and facial muscles also may be involved. Aggravated by emotions, hunger, fatigue, and temperature extremes, the condition may cause a functional disability or even incapacitation. Autosomal dominant inheritance can be demonstrated in most families (summary by Higgins et al., 1997).&#13; Deng et al. (2007) provided a detailed review of the genetics of essential tremor.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Essential Tremor&#13; Other forms of hereditary essential tremor include ETM2 (602134), mapped to chromosome 2p25-p22; ETM3 (611456), mapped to chromosome 6p23; ETM4 (614782), caused by mutation in the FUS gene (137070) on chromosome 16p11; ETM5 (616736), caused by mutation in the TENM4 gene (610084) on chromosome 11q14; and ETM6 (618866), caused by mutation in the NOTCH2NLC gene (618025) on chromosome 1q21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349909">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350085"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350085</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-29 (SCA29) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy of delayed motor development and mild cognitive delay. Affected individuals develop a very slowly progressive or nonprogressive gait and limb ataxia associated with cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Additional variable features include nystagmus, dysarthria, and tremor (summary by Huang et al., 2012).&#13; For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350085">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394718"><div><strong>X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394718</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678048</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia is a rare hereditary ataxia characterized by delayed early motor development, severe neonatal hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and slow eye movements, presenting normal cognitive abilities and absence of pyramidal signs. Frequently patients also manifest intention tremor, mild dysphagia, and dysarthria. Brain MRI reveals global cerebellar atrophy with absence of other malformations or degenerations of the central and peripheral nervous systems.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394718">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761337"><div><strong>Tremor, hereditary essential, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3539195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any essential tremor in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FUS gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761337">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_761667"><div><strong>Myoclonus, familial, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>761667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3539916</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial myoclonus-1 (MYOCL1) is an autosomal dominant neurologic condition characterized by adult onset of cortical myoclonus manifest as involuntary jerks or movements affecting the face and limbs. Affected individuals can also experience falls without seizure activity or loss of consciousness (summary by Russell et al., 2012).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Myoclonus&#13; Also see MYOCL2 (618364), caused by mutation in the SCN8A gene (600702) on chromosome 12q13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/761667">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_907580"><div><strong>Dystonia 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>907580</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dystonia-27 (DYT27) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of segmental isolated dystonia mainly affecting the craniocervical region and upper limbs in the first 2 decades of life (summary by Zech et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/907580">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_898996"><div><strong>Lichtenstein-Knorr syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898996</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225383</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lichtenstein-Knorr syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by postnatal onset of severe progressive sensorineural hearing loss and progressive cerebellar ataxia. Features usually develop in childhood or young adulthood (summary by Guissart et al., 2015). Some patients with SLC9A1 mutations may not have deafness (Iwama et al., 2018)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898996">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1621755"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 56</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-56 (DEE56) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset seizures in most patients, followed by impaired intellectual development, variable behavioral abnormalities, and sometimes additional neurologic features, such as ataxia (summary by Guella et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1621755">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638681"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy with mild cerebellar ataxia and white matter edema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638681</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4554120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy is characterized by nonspecific neurologic findings, mild visual impairment from chorioretinopathy or optic atrophy, male infertility, and characteristic findings on brain MRI. Neurologic findings include mild ataxia (action tremor and gait instability following initially normal motor development; occasionally, mild spasticity), cognitive impairment in some (typically mild, rarely severe), psychiatric symptoms in some (depression and schizophrenia-like symptoms), headaches in some (usually intermittent, severe, and diffuse) and auditory symptoms in some (hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo). Affected individuals remain ambulatory, do not require support for walking, and rarely become blind. To date CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy has been reported or identified in 31 individuals from 30 families. It is not yet known if the findings occurring in a few individuals (i.e., epilepsy and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia) are part of the phenotypic spectrum or unrelated findings.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638681">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1808365"><div><strong>Parkinsonism-dystonia 3, childhood-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1808365</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676913</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The current (but limited) understanding of the WARS2 deficiency phenotypic spectrum, based on 29 individuals from 24 families reported to date, can be viewed as a clustering of hallmark features within the broad phenotypes of epilepsy and movement disorder. The epilepsy spectrum encompasses neonatal- or infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) and other less well described seizure types. DEE manifests mostly in the neonatal period or within the first year of life. Seizures are generally difficult to control and may lead to status epilepticus and death. Over time the following become evident: global developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual disability, speech impairment (slurred and slow speech, dysarthria or no speech production but preserved receptive speech), weakness and muscle atrophy, motor hyperactivity with athetosis, and neuropsychiatric manifestations including aggressiveness and sleep disorders. The movement disorder spectrum encompasses the overlapping phenotypes of levodopa-responsive parkinsonism/dystonia and progressive myoclonus-ataxia/hyperkinetic movement disorder and is primarily associated with childhood or early adulthood onset. Of note, the continua within and between the epilepsy spectrum and the movement disorder spectrum remain to be determined pending reporting of more individuals with WARS2 deficiency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1808365">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824045"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 50</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774272</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-50 (SCA50) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia and other eye movement abnormalities, and cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Most patients develop symptoms as adults, although childhood onset has rarely been reported. Additional more variable features may include tremor, dysarthria, dysphagia, and cognitive impairment with executive dysfunction (Coutelier et al., 2022; Schoggl et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824045">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1856205"><div><strong>Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal recessive 11, with spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1856205</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive distal hereditary motor neuropathy-11 with spasticity (HMNR11) is characterized by onset of slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy and spasticity of the lower limbs in the first decade of life. Affected individuals have difficulty walking, although ambulation is retained into adulthood. There is usually upper limb involvement. Some patients have foot deformities. Electrophysiologic studies are consistent with a length-dependent axonal motor neuropathy (Maroofian et al., 2024).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive HMN, see HMNR1 (604320).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1856205">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_989503"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN306977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with NGLY1-related congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG) typically display a clinical tetrad of developmental delay / intellectual disability in the mild to profound range, hypo- or alacrima, elevated liver transaminases that may spontaneously resolve in childhood, and a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder that can include choreiform, athetoid, dystonic, myoclonic, action tremor, and dysmetric movements. About half of affected individuals will develop clinical seizures. Other findings may include obstructive and/or central sleep apnea, oral motor defects that affect feeding ability, auditory neuropathy, constipation, scoliosis, and peripheral neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989503">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_155629" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_375289" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_989503" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1621755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 56</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_907580" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dystonia 27</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (26)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333403" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82813" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">gamma-Glutamyltransferase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341120" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Huntington disease-like 2</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_898996" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lichtenstein-Knorr syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_761667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus, familial, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1856205" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, autosomal recessive 11, with spasticity</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1808365" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parkinsonism-dystonia 3, childhood-onset</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_64430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Roussy-Lévy syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 50</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347653" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338301" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15/16</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_155704" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 20</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350085" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337257" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Hedera type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349909" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tremor, hereditary essential, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_761337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tremor, hereditary essential, 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120644" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urocanate hydratase deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394718" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked non progressive cerebellar ataxia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_163229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked progressive cerebellar ataxia</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36847017">Pharmacological Treatment of Tremor in Parkinson's Disease Revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pirker W,
Katzenschlager R,
Hallett M,
Poewe W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Parkinsons Dis</span>
2023;13(2):127-144.
doi: 10.3233/JPD-225060.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36847017" target="_blank">36847017</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10041452" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36222768">Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wagle Shukla A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2022 Oct 1;28(5):1333-1349.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001181.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36222768" target="_blank">36222768</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31383632">Essential tremor: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shanker V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2019 Aug 5;366:l4485.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31383632" target="_blank">31383632</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22action%20tremor%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (24)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37620080">Essential tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Louis ED</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2023;196:389-401.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-98817-9.00012-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37620080" target="_blank">37620080</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37288812">Essential Tremor - Deep Brain Stimulation vs. Focused Ultrasound.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferreira Felloni Borges Y,
Cheyuo C,
Lozano AM,
Fasano A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Neurother</span>
2023 Jul-Dec;23(7):603-619.
Epub 2023 Jun 8
doi: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2221789.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37288812" target="_blank">37288812</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29659202">Lamotrigine Rechallenge in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inaba T,
Sogawa R,
Mizoguchi Y,
Tateishi H,
Kunitake Y,
Kato TA,
Monji A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Companion CNS Disord</span>
2018 Mar 29;20(2)
doi: 10.4088/PCC.17m02231.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29659202" target="_blank">29659202</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27037047">Lithium Use in Older Adults is Associated with Increased Prescribing of Parkinson Medications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Marras C,
Herrmann N,
Fischer HD,
Fung K,
Gruneir A,
Rochon PA,
Rej S,
Vigod S,
Seitz D,
Shulman KI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Geriatr Psychiatry</span>
2016 Apr;24(4):301-9.
Epub 2015 Dec 10
doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.11.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27037047" target="_blank">27037047</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21496573">Spinocerebellar degenerations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perlman SL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2011;100:113-40.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00006-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21496573" target="_blank">21496573</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (133)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37620080">Essential tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Louis ED</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2023;196:389-401.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-98817-9.00012-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37620080" target="_blank">37620080</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36222768">Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wagle Shukla A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2022 Oct 1;28(5):1333-1349.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001181.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36222768" target="_blank">36222768</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31383632">Essential tremor: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shanker V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2019 Aug 5;366:l4485.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31383632" target="_blank">31383632</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31356289">Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Louis ED</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2019 Aug;25(4):959-975.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000748.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31356289" target="_blank">31356289</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30704686">Essential Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reich SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2019 Mar;103(2):351-356.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.10.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30704686" target="_blank">30704686</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (183)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36847017">Pharmacological Treatment of Tremor in Parkinson's Disease Revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pirker W,
Katzenschlager R,
Hallett M,
Poewe W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Parkinsons Dis</span>
2023;13(2):127-144.
doi: 10.3233/JPD-225060.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36847017" target="_blank">36847017</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10041452" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35279634">Medications used to treat tremors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Frei K,
Truong DD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
2022 Apr 15;435:120194.
Epub 2022 Feb 19
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120194.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35279634" target="_blank">35279634</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31383632">Essential tremor: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shanker V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2019 Aug 5;366:l4485.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31383632" target="_blank">31383632</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31356289">Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Louis ED</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2019 Aug;25(4):959-975.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000748.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31356289" target="_blank">31356289</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30704686">Essential Tremor.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reich SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2019 Mar;103(2):351-356.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.10.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30704686" target="_blank">30704686</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (98)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37719089">Prevalence and Clinical Types of Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis and its Associated Disability: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luitel P,
Neupane N,
Paudel S,
Adhikari N,
Timilsina B,
Suryabanshi A,
Gyawali P,
Ojha R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)</span>
2023;13:34.
Epub 2023 Sep 13
doi: 10.5334/tohm.776.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37719089" target="_blank">37719089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10503526" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32666285">Essential Tremor Within the Broader Context of Other Forms of Cerebellar Degeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Louis ED,
Faust PL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2020 Dec;19(6):879-896.
doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01160-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32666285" target="_blank">32666285</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7593894" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29903437">Cerebellar motor syndrome from children to the elderly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Manto M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2018;154:151-166.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63956-1.00009-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29903437" target="_blank">29903437</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8518521">Neurological manifestations of hemorrhagic colitis in the outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Japan.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hamano S,
Nakanishi Y,
Nara T,
Seki T,
Ohtani T,
Oishi T,
Joh K,
Oikawa T,
Muramatsu Y,
Ogawa Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Paediatr</span>
1993 May;82(5):454-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12721.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8518521" target="_blank">8518521</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2381527">Cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riley DE,
Lang AE,
Lewis A,
Resch L,
Ashby P,
Hornykiewicz O,
Black S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
1990 Aug;40(8):1203-12.
doi: 10.1212/wnl.40.8.1203.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2381527" target="_blank">2381527</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (50)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37719089">Prevalence and Clinical Types of Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis and its Associated Disability: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luitel P,
Neupane N,
Paudel S,
Adhikari N,
Timilsina B,
Suryabanshi A,
Gyawali P,
Ojha R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)</span>
2023;13:34.
Epub 2023 Sep 13
doi: 10.5334/tohm.776.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37719089" target="_blank">37719089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10503526" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31999942">β-adrenoreceptors and the risk of Parkinson's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hopfner F,
Höglinger GU,
Kuhlenbäumer G,
Pottegård A,
Wod M,
Christensen K,
Tanner CM,
Deuschl G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
2020 Mar;19(3):247-254.
Epub 2020 Jan 27
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30400-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31999942" target="_blank">31999942</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29659202">Lamotrigine Rechallenge in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inaba T,
Sogawa R,
Mizoguchi Y,
Tateishi H,
Kunitake Y,
Kato TA,
Monji A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care Companion CNS Disord</span>
2018 Mar 29;20(2)
doi: 10.4088/PCC.17m02231.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29659202" target="_blank">29659202</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14981189">Japanese SCA families with an unusual phenotype linked to a locus overlapping with SCA15 locus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hara K,
Fukushima T,
Suzuki T,
Shimohata T,
Oyake M,
Ishiguro H,
Hirota K,
Miyashita A,
Kuwano R,
Kurisaki H,
Yomono H,
Goto J,
Kanazawa I,
Tsuji S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2004 Feb 24;62(4):648-51.
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000110190.08412.25.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14981189" target="_blank">14981189</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11974996">Control of post-stroke movement disorders using chronic motor cortex stimulation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Katayama Y,
Oshima H,
Fukaya C,
Kawamata T,
Yamamaoto T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurochir Suppl</span>
2002;79:89-92.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6105-0_20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11974996" target="_blank">11974996</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (134)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39330850">Use of Botulinum Toxin in Upper-Limb Tremor: Systematic Review and Perspectives.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Motavasseli D,
Delorme C,
Bayle N,
Gracies JM,
Roze E,
Baude M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxins (Basel)</span>
2024 Sep 13;16(9)
doi: 10.3390/toxins16090392.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39330850" target="_blank">39330850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11436131" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37719089">Prevalence and Clinical Types of Tremor in Multiple Sclerosis and its Associated Disability: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luitel P,
Neupane N,
Paudel S,
Adhikari N,
Timilsina B,
Suryabanshi A,
Gyawali P,
Ojha R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)</span>
2023;13:34.
Epub 2023 Sep 13
doi: 10.5334/tohm.776.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37719089" target="_blank">37719089</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10503526" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35148507">Treatment-responsive Holmes tremor in a child with low-pressure hydrocephalus: video case report and systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chang SJ,
Mitchell R,
Hukin J,
Singhal A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg Pediatr</span>
2022 May 1;29(5):520-527.
Epub 2022 Feb 11
doi: 10.3171/2021.12.PEDS21539.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35148507" target="_blank">35148507</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31698217">Which disease features run in essential tremor families? A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Stouwe AMM,
Everlo CSJ,
Tijssen MAJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parkinsonism Relat Disord</span>
2019 Dec;69:71-78.
Epub 2019 Oct 19
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31698217" target="_blank">31698217</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Action%20tremor%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0234376%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
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