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<meta name="keywords" content="C0024236, acquired lymphedema, disease or syndrome, lymphatic edema, lymphatic edema (morphologic abnormality), lymphatic obstruction, lymphatic oedema, lymphatic oedema (morphologic abnormality), lymphedema, lymphedemas, lymphoedema, onset of lymphedema around puberty, swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=6155
ConceptID=C0024236
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Lymphedema</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6155</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024236</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Lymphoedema</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Lymphatic edema (234097001); Lymphedema (234097001); Lymphatic edema (30213001); Acquired lymphedema (30213001); Lymphedema (30213001)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001004">HP:0001004</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019297" target="_blank">MONDO:0019297</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0024236[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6155">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6155" ref="ncbi_uid=6155">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Lymphedema</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867398" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868551" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal homeostasis">Abnormal homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/748573" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of fluid regulation">Abnormality of fluid regulation</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4451" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Edema">Edema</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Lymphedema</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/904196" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Breast Cancer Lymphedemas">Breast Cancer Lymphedemas</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78533" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chronic acquired lymphedema">Chronic acquired lymphedema</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8582" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elephantiasis">Elephantiasis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8583" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Filarial elephantiasis">Filarial elephantiasis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/309963" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hereditary lymphedema type I">Hereditary lymphedema type I</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1714608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lymphedema of the Head and Neck">Lymphedema of the Head and Neck</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488327" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Filarial Lymphedema">Non-Filarial Lymphedema</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/320552" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Predominantly lower limb lymphedema">Predominantly lower limb lymphedema</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=11409&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Lymphedema</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_8083"><div><strong>Fabry disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002986</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Fabry disease is the most common of the lysosomal storage disorders and results from deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (a-Gal A), leading to progressive lysosomal deposition of globotriaosylceramide and its derivatives in cells throughout the body. The classic form, occurring in males with less than 1% a-Gal A enzyme activity, usually has its onset in childhood or adolescence with periodic crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesia), the appearance of vascular cutaneous lesions (angiokeratomas), sweating abnormalities (anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, and rarely hyperhidrosis), characteristic corneal and lenticular opacities, and proteinuria. Gradual deterioration of kidney function to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) usually occurs in men in the third to fifth decade. In middle age, most males successfully treated for ESKD develop cardiac and/or cerebrovascular disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Heterozygous females typically have milder symptoms at a later age of onset than males. Rarely, females may be relatively asymptomatic throughout a normal life span or may have symptoms as severe as those observed in males with the classic phenotype. In contrast, late-onset forms occur in males with greater than 1% a-Gal A activity. Clinical manifestations include cardiac disease, which usually presents in the sixth to eighth decade with left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and proteinuria; kidney failure, associated with ESKD but without the skin lesions or pain; or cerebrovascular disease presenting as stroke or transient ischemic attack.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9646"><div><strong>Angioosteohypertrophic syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9646</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0022739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a condition that affects the development of blood vessels, soft tissues (such as skin and muscles), and bones. The disorder has three characteristic features: a red birthmark called a port-wine stain, abnormal overgrowth of soft tissues and bones, and vein malformations.\n\nMost people with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome are born with a port-wine stain. This type of birthmark is caused by swelling of small blood vessels near the surface of the skin. Port-wine stains are typically flat and can vary from pale pink to deep maroon in color. In people with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, the port-wine stain usually covers part of one limb. The affected area may become lighter or darker with age. Occasionally, port-wine stains develop small red blisters that break open and bleed easily.\n\nKlippel-Trenaunay syndrome is also associated with overgrowth of bones and soft tissues beginning in infancy. Usually this abnormal growth is limited to one limb, most often one leg. However, overgrowth can also affect the arms or, rarely, the torso. The abnormal growth can cause pain, a feeling of heaviness, and reduced movement in the affected area. If the overgrowth causes one leg to be longer than the other, it can also lead to problems with walking.\n\nMalformations of veins are the third major feature of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. These abnormalities include varicose veins, which are swollen and twisted veins near the surface of the skin that often cause pain. Varicose veins usually occur on the sides of the upper legs and calves. Veins deep in the limbs can also be abnormal in people with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Malformations of deep veins increase the risk of a type of blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If a DVT travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the lungs, it can cause a life-threatening blood clot known as a pulmonary embolism (PE).\n\nOther complications of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome can include a type of skin infection called cellulitis, swelling caused by a buildup of fluid (lymphedema), and internal bleeding from abnormal blood vessels. Less commonly, this condition is also associated with fusion of certain fingers or toes (syndactyly) or the presence of extra digits (polydactyly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9646">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_113164"><div><strong>Yellow nail syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113164</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221348</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is classically considered to comprise a clinical triad of yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory tract involvement. Two of these symptoms are required for the diagnosis, since the complete triad is only observed in about one-third of patients. Onset is usually after puberty (Hoque et al., 2007).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113164">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75566"><div><strong>Distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265345</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (referred to as LDS in this GeneReview) is characterized by lower-limb lymphedema, and distichiasis (aberrant eyelashes ranging from a full set of extra eyelashes to a single hair). Lymphedema typically appears in late childhood or puberty, is confined to the lower limbs with or without involvement of the external genitalia, and is often asymmetric; severity varies within families. Males develop edema at an earlier age and have more problems with cellulitis than females. Distichiasis, which may be present at birth, is observed in 94% of affected individuals. About 75% of affected individuals have ocular findings including corneal irritation, recurrent conjunctivitis, and photophobia; other common findings include varicose veins and ptosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75566">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78658"><div><strong>Cholestasis-edema syndrome, Norwegian type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268314</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis, often lessening and becoming intermittent with age, and severe chronic lymphedema which mainly affects the lower limbs. Patients often present with fat malabsorption leading to failure to thrive, fat soluble vitamin deficiency with bleeding, rickets, and neuropathy. In 25% of cases, cirrhosis occurs during childhood or later in life.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98370"><div><strong>Chronic infantile neurological, cutaneous and articular syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98370</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0409818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA) is an early-onset, severe, chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by cutaneous symptoms, central nervous system involvement, and arthropathy (Feldmann et al., 2002).&#13; See also familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome-1 (FCAS1, CAPS1; 120100), an allelic disorder with a less severe phenotype.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98370">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_208647"><div><strong>Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia Cantu type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>208647</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0795905</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cantú syndrome is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis; distinctive coarse facial features (including broad nasal bridge, wide mouth with full lips and macroglossia); enlarged heart with enhanced systolic function or pericardial effusion and in many, a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring repair; and skeletal abnormalities (thickening of the calvaria, broad ribs, scoliosis, and flaring of the metaphyses). Other cardiovascular abnormalities may include dilated aortic root and ascending aorta with rare aortic aneurysm, tortuous vascularity involving brain and retinal vasculature, and pulmonary arteriovenous communications. Generalized edema (which may be present at birth) spontaneously resolves; peripheral edema of the lower extremities (and sometimes arms and hands) may develop at adolescence. Developmental delays are common, but intellect is typically normal; behavioral problems can include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/208647">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_163213"><div><strong>Norman-Roberts syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163213</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796089</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lissencephaly ('smooth brain') is a severe disorder of brain development in which neuronal migration is impaired, leading to a thickened cerebral cortex in which the normally folded contour is simplified and smooth. Lissencephaly-2 (LIS2) is associated with severe abnormalities of the cerebellum and hippocampus (summary by Hong et al., 2000).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lissencephaly, see LIS1 (607432).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163213">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_320559"><div><strong>Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>320559</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1835265</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or impaired intellectual development (MCLMR) is an autosomal dominant disorder that involves an overlapping but variable spectrum of central nervous system and ocular developmental anomalies. Microcephaly ranges from mild to severe and is often associated with mild to moderate developmental delay and a characteristic facial phenotype with upslanting palpebral fissures, broad nose with rounded tip, long philtrum with thin upper lip, prominent chin, and prominent ears. Chorioretinopathy is the most common eye abnormality, but retinal folds, microphthalmia, and myopic and hypermetropic astigmatism have also been reported, and some individuals have no overt ocular phenotype. Congenital lymphedema, when present, is typically confined to the dorsa of the feet, and lymphoscintigraphy reveals the absence of radioactive isotope uptake from the webspaces between the toes (summary by Ostergaard et al., 2012). Robitaille et al. (2014) found that MCLMR includes a broader spectrum of ocular disease, including retinal detachment with avascularity of the peripheral retina, and noted phenotypic overlap with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR; see EVR1, 133780).&#13; Birtel et al. (2017) observed intrafamilial and intraindividual variability in retinal phenotype, and noted that syndromic manifestations in some patients are too subtle to be detected during a routine ophthalmologic evaluation. Variable expressivity and reduced penetrance have also been observed in some families (Jones et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016).&#13; Autosomal recessive forms of microcephaly with chorioretinopathy have been reported (see 251270).&#13; See also Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome (autosomal recessive microcephaly with pigmentary retinopathy and impaired intellectual development; 268050).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/320559">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_322617"><div><strong>Lymphedema-cerebral arteriovenous anomaly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1835272</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphedema-cerebral arteriovenous anomaly syndrome is characterised by the variable association of a cerebrovascular malformation, foot lymphoedema and primary pulmonary hypertension. It has been described in a woman and four of her children.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324539"><div><strong>Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324539</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836522</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (NAGA) deficiency is a very rare lysosomal storage disorder with atypical features. It is clinically heterogeneous with 3 main phenotypes: type I is an infantile-onset neuroaxonal dystrophy (609241); type II, also known as Kanzaki disease, is an adult-onset disorder characterized by angiokeratoma corporis diffusum and mild intellectual impairment; and type III is an intermediate disorder (see 609241) with mild to moderate neurologic manifestations (Desnick and Schindler, 2001).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324539">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333068"><div><strong>Toriello-Lacassie-Droste syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333068</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838329</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oculoectodermal syndrome (OES) is characterized by the association of epibulbar dermoids and aplasia cutis congenita. Affected individuals exhibit congenital scalp lesions which are atrophic, nonscarring, hairless regions that are often multiple and asymmetric in distribution, and may have associated hamartomas. Ectodermal changes include linear hyperpigmentation that may follow the lines of Blaschko and, rarely, epidermal nevus-like lesions. Epibulbar dermoids may be uni- or bilateral. Additional ocular anomalies such as skin tags of the upper eyelid and rarely optic nerve or retinal changes or microphthalmia can be present. Phenotypic expression is highly variable, and various other abnormalities have occasionally been reported, including growth failure, lymphedema, and cardiovascular defects, as well as neurodevelopmental symptoms such as developmental delay, epilepsy, learning difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities. Benign tumor-like lesions such as nonossifying fibromas of the long bones and giant cell granulomas of the jaws have repeatedly been observed and appear to be age-dependent, becoming a common manifestation in individuals aged 5 years or older (summary by Boppudi et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333068">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375787"><div><strong>Ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375787</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846008</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency-1 (EDAID1) is an X-linked recessive disorder that characteristically affects only males. Affected individuals have onset of recurrent severe infections due to immunodeficiency in early infancy or in the first years of life. There is increased susceptibility to bacterial, pneumococcal, mycobacterial, and fungal infections. Laboratory studies usually show dysgammaglobulinemia with low IgG subsets and normal or increased IgA and IgM, consistent with impaired 'class-switching' of B cells, although immunologic abnormalities may be subtle compared to the clinical picture, and B- and T-cell numbers are usually normal. There is a poor antibody response to polysaccharide vaccinations, particularly pneumococcus; response to other vaccinations is variable. Patients also have features of ectodermal dysplasia, including conical incisors, hypo/anhidrosis, and thin skin or hair. Severely affected individuals may also show lymphedema, osteopetrosis, and, rarely, hematologic abnormalities. The phenotype is highly variable, likely due to different hypomorphic mutations, and may be fatal in childhood. Intravenous immunoglobulins and prophylactic antibiotics are used as treatment; some patients may benefit from bone marrow transplantation. Although only males tend to be affected with immunodeficiency, many patients inherit a mutation from a mother who has mild features of IP or conical teeth (summary by Doffinger et al., 2001, Orange et al., 2004, Roberts et al., 2010, Heller et al., 2020).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Ectodermal Dysplasia and Immune Deficiency&#13; Also see EDAID2 (612132), caused by mutation in the NFKBIA gene (164008).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375787">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335505"><div><strong>Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, Al-Gazali type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335505</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1846722</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Al-Gazali-Bakalinova syndrome (AGBK) is characterized by multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, macrocephaly, and distinctive facial features including frontal bossing, hypertelorism, flat malar regions, low-set ears, and short neck. Other features include pectus excavatum, spindle-shaped fingers, clinodactyly, prominent joints, and genu valgum (summary by Ali et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335505">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340355"><div><strong>Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340355</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849554</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pulmonary lymphangiectasia is a rare congenital vascular dysplasia characterized by an increased number of dilated pulmonary lymphatics in the subpleural, peribronchial, and interlobular septa. Respiratory distress is usually noted immediately after birth (summary by Stevenson et al., 2006).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340355">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339994"><div><strong>Phelan-McDermid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853490</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Phelan-McDermid syndrome-SHANK3 related (PMS-SHANK3 related) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, absent to severely delayed speech, developmental delay, and minor dysmorphic facial features. Most affected individuals have moderate-to-profound intellectual disability. Other features include relatively large fleshy hands, dysplastic toenails, and decreased perspiration that results in a tendency to overheat. Normal stature and normal head size distinguish PMS-SHANK3 related from other autosomal chromosome disorders. Neurobehavioral characteristics include mouthing or chewing non-food items, decreased perception of pain, and autism spectrum disorder or autistic-like affect and behavior. Some individuals experience regression / loss of skills, epilepsy, ataxic/abnormal gait, and sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, hypersomnia, and parasomnias). Less commonly, affected individuals may have strabismus, vision problems (hyperopia or myopia), cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, and lymphedema. Those who have PMS-SHANK3 related due to a ring chromosome 22 also have a high risk of developing features of NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339994">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383693"><div><strong>Dahlberg-Borer-Newcomer syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855477</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A very rare ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, described in 2 adult brothers, characterized by the association of hypoparathyroidism, nephropathy, congenital lymphedema, mitral valve prolapse and brachytelephalangy. Additional features include mild facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis and nail abnormalities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383693">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343489"><div><strong>Mullerian derivatives-lymphangiectasia-polydactyly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856159</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic disease characterized by the presence of Müllerian duct derivatives (rudimentary uterus, fallopian tubes, and atretic vagina) and other genital anomalies (cryptorchidism, micropenis) in male newborns, intestinal and pulmonary lymphangiectasia, protein-losing enteropathy, hepatomegaly, and renal anomalies. Postaxial polydactyly, facial dysmorphism (including broad nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, long and prominent upper lip with smooth philtrum, hypertrophic alveolar ridges, and mild retrognathia, among other features), and short limbs have also been described. The syndrome is fatal in infancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343489">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346548"><div><strong>Dohle bodies and leukemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346548</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857225</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346548">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347864"><div><strong>Campomelia, Cumming type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347864</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859371</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The association of limb defects and multivisceral anomalies. The syndrome has been reported in eight infants from four different families. Skeletal features include tetramelic campomelia and short long bones. Extraskeletal manifestations may include cervical lymphocele, generalised hydrops, polycystic kidneys, pancreas and liver, fibrotic liver or pancreas, polysplenia, heterotaxia, hypoplastic lung, short bowel. All newborns reported so far were either stillborn or died shortly after birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347864">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383042"><div><strong>Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677167</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">This syndrome is characterized by congenital lymphedema of the lower limbs, atrial septal defect and a characteristic facies (a round face with a prominent forehead, a flat nasal bridge with a broad nasal tip, epicanthal folds, a thin upper lip and a cleft chin). It has been described in two brothers and a sister. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383042">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_416522"><div><strong>CLAPO syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751313</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) encompasses a range of clinical findings in which the core features are congenital or early-childhood onset of segmental/focal overgrowth with or without cellular dysplasia. Prior to the identification of PIK3CA as the causative gene, PROS was separated into distinct clinical syndromes based on the tissues and/or organs involved (e.g., MCAP [megalencephaly-capillary malformation] syndrome and CLOVES [congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies] syndrome). The predominant areas of overgrowth include the brain, limbs (including fingers and toes), trunk (including abdomen and chest), and face, all usually in an asymmetric distribution. Generalized brain overgrowth may be accompanied by secondary overgrowth of specific brain structures resulting in ventriculomegaly, a markedly thick corpus callosum, and cerebellar tonsillar ectopia with crowding of the posterior fossa. Vascular malformations may include capillary, venous, and less frequently, arterial or mixed (capillary-lymphatic-venous or arteriovenous) malformations. Lymphatic malformations may be in various locations (internal and/or external) and can cause various clinical issues, including swelling, pain, and occasionally localized bleeding secondary to trauma. Lipomatous overgrowth may occur ipsilateral or contralateral to a vascular malformation, if present. The degree of intellectual disability appears to be mostly related to the presence and severity of seizures, cortical dysplasia (e.g., polymicrogyria), and hydrocephalus. Many children have feeding difficulties that are often multifactorial in nature. Endocrine issues affect a small number of individuals and most commonly include hypoglycemia (largely hypoinsulinemic hypoketotic hypoglycemia), hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416522">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462153"><div><strong>CBL-related disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462153</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with or without juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (NSLL) is a developmental disorder resembling Noonan syndrome (NS1; 163950) and is characterized by facial dysmorphism, a wide spectrum of cardiac disease, reduced growth, variable cognitive deficits, and ectodermal and musculoskeletal anomalies. There is extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and variable expressivity. Patients with heterozygous germline CBL mutations have an increased risk for certain malignancies, particularly juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML; 607785), as seen in patients with Noonan syndrome (summary by Martinelli et al., 2010 and Niemeyer et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462153">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462225"><div><strong>Lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462225</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150875</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic disease characterized by choanal atresia and early onset of lymphedema of the lower extremities. Additional reported features include facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, unilateral low-set ear and high-arched palate), hypoplastic nipples and pectus excavatum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462225">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477078"><div><strong>Ogden syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275447</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ogden syndrome (OGDNS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by postnatal growth failure, severely delayed psychomotor development, variable dysmorphic features, and hypotonia. Many patients also have cardiac malformations or arrhythmias (summary by Popp et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481294"><div><strong>Deafness-lymphedema-leukemia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481294</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279664</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary lymphedema with myelodysplasia, also known as Emberger syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by childhood-onset lymphedema of the lower limbs, with lymphoscintigraphy suggestive of lymphatic vessel hypoplasia, and genital lymphatic abnormalities. Myelodysplasia is usually with monosomy 7. Multiple warts, deafness, and minor anomalies (mild hypotelorism, neck webbing, and slender fingers) may also be present (summary by Mansour et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481294">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_860487"><div><strong>Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>860487</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4012050</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome (HKLLS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized lymphatic dysplasia affecting various organs, including the intestinal tract, pericardium, and limbs. Additional features of the disorder include facial dysmorphism and cognitive impairment (summary by Alders et al., 2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Hennekam Lymphangiectasia-Lymphedema Syndrome&#13; See also HKLLS2 (616006), caused by mutation in the FAT4 gene (612411) on chromosome 4q28, and HKLLS3 (618154), caused by mutation in the ADAMTS3 gene (605011) on chromosome 4q13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/860487">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863376"><div><strong>Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014939</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized lymphatic dysplasia affecting various organs, including the intestinal tract, pericardium, and limbs. Additional features of the disorder include facial dysmorphism and cognitive impairment (summary by Alders et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome, see HKLLS1 (235510).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863376">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_908120"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>908120</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225184</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-6 is a form of generalized lymphatic dysplasia (GLD), which is characterized by a uniform, widespread lymphedema affecting all segments of the body, with systemic involvement such as intestinal and/or pulmonary lymphangiectasia, pleural effusions, chylothoraces and/or pericardial effusions. In LMPHM6, there is a high incidence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) with either death or complete resolution of the neonatal edema, but childhood onset of lymphedema with or without systemic involvement also occurs. Mild facial edema is often present. Patients have normal intelligence and no seizures (summary by Fotiou et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/908120">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_906646"><div><strong>Macrothrombocytopenia-lymphedema-developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-camptodactyly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>906646</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225222</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome is a highly heterogeneous autosomal dominant complex congenital developmental disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The core phenotype includes delayed psychomotor development with variable intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and cardiac, genitourinary, and hematologic or lymphatic defects, including thrombocytopenia and lymphedema. Additional features may include abnormalities on brain imaging, skeletal anomalies, and recurrent infections. Some patients have a milder disease course reminiscent of Noonan syndrome (see, e.g., NS1, 163950) (summary by Martinelli et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/906646">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895680"><div><strong>Lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895680</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225359</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lissencephaly-7 with cerebellar hypoplasia (LIS7) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lack of psychomotor development, facial dysmorphism, arthrogryposis, and early-onset intractable seizures resulting in death in infancy (Magen et al., 2015).&#13; For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lissencephaly, see LIS1 (607432).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895680">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_900371"><div><strong>Spondylo-ocular syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>900371</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225412</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondyloocular syndrome (SOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by platyspondyly, bone fragility, cataract, retinal detachment, hearing impairment, cardiac defects, and facial dysmorphism (Schmidt et al., 2001; Munns et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/900371">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934596"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934596</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310629</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">LMPHM7 is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expressivity. Some patients may develop severe nonimmune lymphatic-related hydrops fetalis (LRHF) in utero, resulting in early death, whereas others may have milder manifestations, such as atrial septal defect (ASD) or varicose veins as adults. The hydrops and/or swelling improves spontaneously in those who survive the neonatal period (summary by Martin-Almedina et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934596">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1373459"><div><strong>Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1373459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4317151</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by these 4 features, which begin in early childhood and are progressive (summary by Moalem et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1373459">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638960"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551602</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one fourth of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability, and language impairments in general are more common in NS than in the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638960">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648459"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4747568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648459">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1652857"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1652857</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4747646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1652857">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1651756"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1651756</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4747769</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hereditary lymphedema in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the VEGFC gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1651756">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648368"><div><strong>Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648368</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748408</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome-3 (HKKLLS3) is characterized by widespread congenital edema that is more severe in more dependent areas of the body. Associated features include facial dysmorphism and protein-losing enteropathy of variable severity (Brouillard et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Hennekam lymphangiectasia-lymphedema syndrome, see HKLLS1 (235510).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648368">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1761918"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1761918</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436773</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one fourth of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability, and language impairments in general are more common in NS than in the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1761918">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1780452"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1780452</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543531</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-10 (LMPHM10) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by onset of lymphedema within the first year of life. Lymphedema primarily involves the lower extremities but may also occur in the neck, upper extremities, and scrotum or labia majora. Gradual resorption generally occurs, although some patients may experience progression complicated by cellulitis (Leppanen et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1780452">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1784862"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543614</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-11 (LMPHM11) is characterized by lower extremity edema, with onset in the second or third decade of life. Some affected individuals may have subclinical lymphatic malformations (Michelini et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see LMPHM1 (153100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784862">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823976"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823976</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774203</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-12 (LMPHM12) is characterized by abnormalities in the development and function of major truncal lymphatic vessels, causing nonimmune hydrops fetalis that results in stillbirth in some cases. Other affected individuals experience postnatal subcutaneous lymphedema and chylothorax, with pleural and pericardial effusions and ascites (Byrne et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see LMPHM1 (153100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823976">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840915"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840915</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-13 (LMPHM13) is characterized by the presence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis which often resolves with age. Capillary or cavernous hemangiomas are present in most patients, as are cardiac defects, often mild (Abdelrahman et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840915">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1851480"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1851480</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-14 (LMPHM14) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by primary lymphedema (Greene et al., 2023).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see LMPHM1 (153100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1851480">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1373459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal defect syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895680" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lissencephaly 7 with cerebellar hypoplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1780452" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 10</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1784862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823976" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840915" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1851480" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 14</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1652857" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1651756" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_908120" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934596" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383042" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_322617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphedema-cerebral arteriovenous anomaly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462225" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_906646" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrothrombocytopenia-lymphedema-developmental delay-facial dysmorphism-camptodactyly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_320559" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343489" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mullerian derivatives-lymphangiectasia-polydactyly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335505" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, Al-Gazali type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1761918" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_163213" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Norman-Roberts syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ogden syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phelan-McDermid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_900371" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylo-ocular syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333068" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Toriello-Lacassie-Droste syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_113164" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Yellow nail syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32442064">Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Risk Factors, Screening, Management, and the Impact of Locoregional Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McLaughlin SA,
Brunelle CL,
Taghian A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Oncol</span>
2020 Jul 10;38(20):2341-2350.
Epub 2020 May 22
doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.02896.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32442064" target="_blank">32442064</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7343436" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30428297">Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rockson SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2018 Nov 15;379(20):1937-1944.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1803290.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30428297" target="_blank">30428297</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23939641">Edema: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trayes KP,
Studdiford JS,
Pickle S,
Tully AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2013 Jul 15;88(2):102-10.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23939641" target="_blank">23939641</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22lymphedema%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (804)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32803533">Manual lymphatic drainage treatment for lymphedema: a systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thompson B,
Gaitatzis K,
Janse de Jonge X,
Blackwell R,
Koelmeyer LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cancer Surviv</span>
2021 Apr;15(2):244-258.
Epub 2020 Aug 15
doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00928-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32803533" target="_blank">32803533</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32442064">Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Risk Factors, Screening, Management, and the Impact of Locoregional Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McLaughlin SA,
Brunelle CL,
Taghian A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Oncol</span>
2020 Jul 10;38(20):2341-2350.
Epub 2020 May 22
doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.02896.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32442064" target="_blank">32442064</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7343436" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29143577">Lipedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Canning C,
Bartholomew JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasc Med</span>
2018 Feb;23(1):88-90.
Epub 2017 Nov 16
doi: 10.1177/1358863X17739698.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29143577" target="_blank">29143577</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27428496">Management of lymphoedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yüksel A,
Gürbüz O,
Velioğlu Y,
Kumtepe G,
Şenol S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasa</span>
2016;45(4):283-91.
doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000539.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27428496" target="_blank">27428496</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26819350">Lymphedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rockson SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasc Med</span>
2016 Feb;21(1):77-81.
doi: 10.1177/1358863X15620852.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26819350" target="_blank">26819350</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4023)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30428297">Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rockson SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2018 Nov 15;379(20):1937-1944.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1803290.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30428297" target="_blank">30428297</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29494737">Lymphedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gupta A,
Moore JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Oncol</span>
2018 May 1;4(5):755.
doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.5553.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29494737" target="_blank">29494737</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29143577">Lipedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Canning C,
Bartholomew JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasc Med</span>
2018 Feb;23(1):88-90.
Epub 2017 Nov 16
doi: 10.1177/1358863X17739698.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29143577" target="_blank">29143577</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29132848">Lymphedema: Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grada AA,
Phillips TJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
2017 Dec;77(6):1009-1020.
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.03.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29132848" target="_blank">29132848</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27428496">Management of lymphoedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yüksel A,
Gürbüz O,
Velioğlu Y,
Kumtepe G,
Şenol S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasa</span>
2016;45(4):283-91.
doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000539.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27428496" target="_blank">27428496</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3507)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36451034">Effect of exercise on rehabilitation of breast cancer surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin Y,
Chen Y,
Liu R,
Cao B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nurs Open</span>
2023 Apr;10(4):2030-2043.
Epub 2022 Nov 30
doi: 10.1002/nop2.1518.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36451034" target="_blank">36451034</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10006647" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32415386">Resistance exercise and breast cancer-related lymphedema-a systematic review update and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hasenoehrl T,
Palma S,
Ramazanova D,
Kölbl H,
Dorner TE,
Keilani M,
Crevenna R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Support Care Cancer</span>
2020 Aug;28(8):3593-3603.
Epub 2020 May 15
doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05521-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32415386" target="_blank">32415386</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7316683" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31689771">Effects of a 12-week resistance and aerobic exercise program on muscular strength and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: Study protocol for the EFICAN randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Soriano-Maldonado A,
Carrera-Ruiz Á,
Díez-Fernández DM,
Esteban-Simón A,
Maldonado-Quesada M,
Moreno-Poza N,
García-Martínez MDM,
Alcaraz-García C,
Vázquez-Sousa R,
Moreno-Martos H,
Toro-de-Federico A,
Hachem-Salas N,
Artés-Rodríguez E,
Rodríguez-Pérez MA,
Casimiro-Andújar AJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicine (Baltimore)</span>
2019 Nov;98(44):e17625.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017625.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31689771" target="_blank">31689771</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6946307" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25994425">Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ezzo J,
Manheimer E,
McNeely ML,
Howell DM,
Weiss R,
Johansson KI,
Bao T,
Bily L,
Tuppo CM,
Williams AF,
Karadibak D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2015 May 21;2015(5):CD003475.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003475.pub2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25994425" target="_blank">25994425</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4966288" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23088702">The clinical effects of Kinesio® Tex taping: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morris D,
Jones D,
Ryan H,
Ryan CG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiother Theory Pract</span>
2013 May;29(4):259-70.
Epub 2012 Oct 22
doi: 10.3109/09593985.2012.731675.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23088702" target="_blank">23088702</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3059)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32522379">Advances and current concepts in reconstructive surgery for breast cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Coombs DM,
Djohan R,
Knackstedt R,
Cakmakoglu C,
Schwarz GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Oncol</span>
2020 Aug;47(4):217-221.
Epub 2020 May 24
doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.05.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32522379" target="_blank">32522379</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30543193">A story of oedemas.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cordier C,
Spyckerelle C,
Forzy G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Biol Clin (Paris)</span>
2018 Dec 1;76(6):681-685.
doi: 10.1684/abc.2018.1398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30543193" target="_blank">30543193</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28984676">Advances in understanding and management of lymphoedema (cancer, primary).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keeley V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Support Palliat Care</span>
2017 Dec;11(4):355-360.
doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000311.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28984676" target="_blank">28984676</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23540561">Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DiSipio T,
Rye S,
Newman B,
Hayes S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Oncol</span>
2013 May;14(6):500-15.
Epub 2013 Mar 27
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70076-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23540561" target="_blank">23540561</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19889133">Filariasis: diagnosis and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mendoza N,
Li A,
Gill A,
Tyring S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
2009 Nov-Dec;22(6):475-90.
doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01271.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19889133" target="_blank">19889133</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1938)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39155682">Resources on lymphedema surgery: How effective are they for patients?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Manasyan A,
Lasky S,
Stanton EW,
Cannata B,
Moshal T,
Roohani I,
Koesters E,
Daar DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Surg Oncol</span>
2024 Sep;130(3):360-365.
Epub 2024 Aug 19
doi: 10.1002/jso.27783.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39155682" target="_blank">39155682</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29308967">Effects of Kinesio Taping on breast cancer-related lymphedema: A meta-analysis in clinical trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kasawara KT,
Mapa JMR,
Ferreira V,
Added MAN,
Shiwa SR,
Carvas N Jr,
Batista PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiother Theory Pract</span>
2018 May;34(5):337-345.
Epub 2018 Jan 8
doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1419522.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29308967" target="_blank">29308967</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27993322">Lymphoscintigraphy for Imaging of the Lymphatic Flow Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoshida RY,
Kariya S,
Ha-Kawa S,
Tanigawa N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Vasc Interv Radiol</span>
2016 Dec;19(4):273-276.
Epub 2016 Oct 8
doi: 10.1053/j.tvir.2016.10.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27993322" target="_blank">27993322</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26819350">Lymphedema.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rockson SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Vasc Med</span>
2016 Feb;21(1):77-81.
doi: 10.1177/1358863X15620852.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26819350" target="_blank">26819350</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26542271">Effects of a physical therapy program combined with manual lymphatic drainage on shoulder function, quality of life, lymphedema incidence, and pain in breast cancer patients with axillary web syndrome following axillary dissection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cho Y,
Do J,
Jung S,
Kwon O,
Jeon JY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Support Care Cancer</span>
2016 May;24(5):2047-2057.
Epub 2015 Nov 5
doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-3005-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26542271" target="_blank">26542271</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2135)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35196892">Guidelines Relevant to Diagnosis, Assessment, and Management of Lymphedema: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Torgbenu E,
Luckett T,
Buhagiar MA,
Phillips JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)</span>
2023 Jan;12(1):15-27.
Epub 2022 Apr 6
doi: 10.1089/wound.2021.0149.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35196892" target="_blank">35196892</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32803533">Manual lymphatic drainage treatment for lymphedema: a systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thompson B,
Gaitatzis K,
Janse de Jonge X,
Blackwell R,
Koelmeyer LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cancer Surviv</span>
2021 Apr;15(2):244-258.
Epub 2020 Aug 15
doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00928-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32803533" target="_blank">32803533</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32415386">Resistance exercise and breast cancer-related lymphedema-a systematic review update and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hasenoehrl T,
Palma S,
Ramazanova D,
Kölbl H,
Dorner TE,
Keilani M,
Crevenna R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Support Care Cancer</span>
2020 Aug;28(8):3593-3603.
Epub 2020 May 15
doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05521-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32415386" target="_blank">32415386</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7316683" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28436999">Clinical practice guidelines on the evidence-based use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Greenlee H,
DuPont-Reyes MJ,
Balneaves LG,
Carlson LE,
Cohen MR,
Deng G,
Johnson JA,
Mumber M,
Seely D,
Zick SM,
Boyce LM,
Tripathy D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CA Cancer J Clin</span>
2017 May 6;67(3):194-232.
Epub 2017 Apr 24
doi: 10.3322/caac.21397.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28436999" target="_blank">28436999</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5892208" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23088702">The clinical effects of Kinesio® Tex taping: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morris D,
Jones D,
Ryan H,
Ryan CG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Physiother Theory Pract</span>
2013 May;29(4):259-70.
Epub 2012 Oct 22
doi: 10.3109/09593985.2012.731675.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23088702" target="_blank">23088702</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lymphedema%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (323)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0024236%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (24)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0024236%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (26)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0024236%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (27)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Lymphedema" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22lymphedema%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Lymphedema%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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