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<meta name="keywords" content="C0431887, abducted thumb, congenital abnormality, hitch-hiker thumb, hitchhiker thumb, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="With the hand relaxed and the thumb in the plane of the palm, the axis of the thumb forms an angle of at least 90 degrees with the long axis of the hand." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=609206
ConceptID=C0431887
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Figure 1" src="/projects/medgen/images/thumb/7983ce06c92a2901.1.thumb.jpg" src-large="/projects/medgen/images/7983ce06c92a2901.1.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="http://elementsofmorphology.nih.gov/index.cgi?tid=7983ce06c92a2901" target="_blank" title="Elements of Morphology: Human Malformation Terminology - NHGRI">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hitchhiker thumb</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>609206</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431887</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Abducted thumb; Hitch-hiker thumb</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Hitch-hiker thumb (253934006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001234">HP:0001234</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">With the hand relaxed and the thumb in the plane of the palm, the axis of the thumb forms an angle of at least 90 degrees with the long axis of the hand. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Hitchhiker thumb</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/904271" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal limb bone morphology">Abnormal limb bone morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/763618" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal digit morphology">Abnormal digit morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/436247" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal finger morphology">Abnormal finger morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107901" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thumb deformity">Thumb deformity</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867070" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of thumb phalanx">Abnormality of thumb phalanx</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867064" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the thumb">Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the thumb</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hitchhiker thumb</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_113103"><div><strong>Diastrophic dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113103</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is characterized by limb shortening, normal-sized head, hitchhiker thumbs, spinal deformities (scoliosis, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, cervical kyphosis), and contractures of the large joints with deformities and early-onset osteoarthritis. Other typical findings are ulnar deviation of the fingers, gap between the first and second toes, and clubfoot. On occasion, the disease can be lethal at birth, but most affected individuals survive the neonatal period and develop physical limitations with normal intelligence.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113103">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338072"><div><strong>Atelosteogenesis type II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338072</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850554</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clinical features of SLC26A2-related atelosteogenesis include rhizomelic limb shortening with normal-sized skull, hitchhiker thumbs, small chest, protuberant abdomen, cleft palate, and distinctive facial features (midface retrusion, depressed nasal bridge, epicanthus, micrognathia). Other typical findings are ulnar deviation of the fingers, gap between the first and second toes, and clubfoot. SLC26A2-related atelosteogenesis is usually lethal at birth or shortly thereafter due to pulmonary hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. However, it exists in a continuous phenotypic spectrum with SLC26A2-related diastrophic dysplasia, and long-term survivors have been reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338072">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_381425"><div><strong>Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381425</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome (TPBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bilateral, symmetric preaxial brachydactyly and hyperphalangism of digits, facial dysmorphism, dental anomalies, sensorineural hearing loss, delayed motor and mental development, and growth retardation (summary by Li et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381425">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349442"><div><strong>Brachydactyly-preaxial hallux varus syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349442</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862162</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare congenital limb malformation characterized the association of hallux varus with short thumbs and first toes (involving the metacarpals, metatarsals, and distal phalanges; the proximal and middle phalanges are of normal length) and abduction of the affected digits. Intellectual deficit was observed in all reported individuals. There have been no further reports since 1994.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349442">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390740"><div><strong>Endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390740</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2675227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO) syndrome is characterized by various anomalies of the endocrine, cerebral, and skeletal systems resulting in neonatal mortality.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390740">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481387"><div><strong>Chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, gPAPP type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481387</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279757</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The GPAPP-type of chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, chondrodysplasia with brachydactyly, congenital joint dislocations, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism (Vissers et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481387">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767161"><div><strong>MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554247</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carpenter syndrome-2 (CRPT2) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital malformation disorder characterized by multisuture craniosynostosis and polysyndactyly of the hands and feet, in association with abnormal left-right patterning and other features, most commonly obesity, umbilical hernia, cryptorchidism, and congenital heart disease (summary by Twigg et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Carpenter syndrome, see 201000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767161">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_777149"><div><strong>Atelosteogenesis type III</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3668942</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The FLNB disorders include a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from mild to severe. At the mild end are spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCT) syndrome and Larsen syndrome; at the severe end are the phenotypic continuum of atelosteogenesis types I (AOI) and III (AOIII) and Piepkorn osteochondrodysplasia (POCD). SCT syndrome is characterized by postnatal disproportionate short stature, scoliosis and lordosis, clubfeet, hearing loss, dental enamel hypoplasia, carpal and tarsal synostosis, and vertebral fusions. Larsen syndrome is characterized by congenital dislocations of the hip, knee, and elbow; clubfeet (equinovarus or equinovalgus foot deformities); scoliosis and cervical kyphosis, which can be associated with a cervical myelopathy; short, broad, spatulate distal phalanges; distinctive craniofacies (prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, malar flattening, and widely spaced eyes); vertebral anomalies; and supernumerary carpal and tarsal bone ossification centers. Individuals with SCT syndrome and Larsen syndrome can have midline cleft palate and hearing loss. AOI and AOIII are characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism; dislocated hips, knees, and elbows; and clubfeet. AOI is lethal in the perinatal period. In individuals with AOIII, survival beyond the neonatal period is possible with intensive and invasive respiratory support. Piepkorn osteochondrodysplasia (POCD) is a perinatal-lethal micromelic dwarfism characterized by flipper-like limbs (polysyndactyly with complete syndactyly of all fingers and toes, hypoplastic or absent first digits, and duplicated intermediate and distal phalanges), macrobrachycephaly, prominant forehead, hypertelorism, and exophthalmos. Occasional features include cleft palate, omphalocele, and cardiac and genitourinary anomalies. The radiographic features at mid-gestation are characteristic.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/777149">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684550"><div><strong>Holoprosencephaly 12 with or without pancreatic agenesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684550</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193131</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Holoprosencephaly-12 with or without pancreatic agenesis (HPE12) is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal separation of the embryonic forebrain (HPE) resulting in dysmorphic facial features and often, but not always, impaired neurologic development. Most patients with this form of HPE also have congenital absence of the pancreas, resulting in early-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus and requiring pancreatic enzyme replacement. Other features may include hearing loss and absence of the gallbladder (summary by De Franco et al., 2019 and Kruszka et al., 2019).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of holoprosencephaly, see HPE1 (236100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684550">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338072" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atelosteogenesis type II</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_777149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atelosteogenesis type III</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349442" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachydactyly-preaxial hallux varus syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481387" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, gPAPP type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_113103" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diastrophic dysplasia</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (9)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390740" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684550" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Holoprosencephaly 12 with or without pancreatic agenesis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_381425" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21985323">Atelosteogenesis type I: autopsy findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wessels A,
Wainwright HC,
Beighton P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dev Pathol</span>
2011 Nov-Dec;14(6):496-500.
Epub 2011 Oct 10
doi: 10.2350/11-01-0969-CR.1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21985323" target="_blank">21985323</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12901408">Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia: report of 2 index cases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wax JR,
Carpenter M,
Smith W,
Grimes C,
Pinette MG,
Blackstone J,
Cartin A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Ultrasound Med</span>
2003 Aug;22(8):805-8.
doi: 10.7863/jum.2003.22.8.805.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12901408" target="_blank">12901408</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2065494">The anatomy and management of the thumb in Apert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fereshetian S,
Upton J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Plast Surg</span>
1991 Apr;18(2):365-80.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2065494" target="_blank">2065494</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3065771">Diastrophic dysplasia: a specific prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gembruch U,
Niesen M,
Kehrberg H,
Hansmann M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
1988 Sep;8(7):539-45.
doi: 10.1002/pd.1970080709.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3065771" target="_blank">3065771</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3624969">Surgical treatment of the thumb in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood VE,
Rubinstein JH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
1987 Jun;12(2):166-72.
doi: 10.1016/0266-7681_87_90005-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3624969" target="_blank">3624969</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hitchhiker%20thumb%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21985323">Atelosteogenesis type I: autopsy findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wessels A,
Wainwright HC,
Beighton P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dev Pathol</span>
2011 Nov-Dec;14(6):496-500.
Epub 2011 Oct 10
doi: 10.2350/11-01-0969-CR.1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21985323" target="_blank">21985323</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16702456">Obstetric US: watch the fetal hands.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rypens F,
Dubois J,
Garel L,
Fournet JC,
Michaud JL,
Grignon A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiographics</span>
2006 May-Jun;26(3):811-29; discussion 830-1.
doi: 10.1148/rg.263055113.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16702456" target="_blank">16702456</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12901408">Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia: report of 2 index cases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wax JR,
Carpenter M,
Smith W,
Grimes C,
Pinette MG,
Blackstone J,
Cartin A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Ultrasound Med</span>
2003 Aug;22(8):805-8.
doi: 10.7863/jum.2003.22.8.805.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12901408" target="_blank">12901408</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9602486">Case report: prenatal diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia by ultrasound at 21 weeks of gestation in a mother with massive obesity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jung C,
Sohn C,
Sergi C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
1998 Apr;18(4):378-83.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9602486" target="_blank">9602486</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3065771">Diastrophic dysplasia: a specific prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gembruch U,
Niesen M,
Kehrberg H,
Hansmann M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
1988 Sep;8(7):539-45.
doi: 10.1002/pd.1970080709.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3065771" target="_blank">3065771</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hitchhiker%20thumb%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21985323">Atelosteogenesis type I: autopsy findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wessels A,
Wainwright HC,
Beighton P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dev Pathol</span>
2011 Nov-Dec;14(6):496-500.
Epub 2011 Oct 10
doi: 10.2350/11-01-0969-CR.1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21985323" target="_blank">21985323</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20693580">Diastrophic dysplasia in a seven-year-old girl. Case study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szczepaniak-Kubat A,
Tesiorowski M,
Merc-Gołebiowska Z,
Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ortop Traumatol Rehabil</span>
2010 May-Jun;12(3):257-63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20693580" target="_blank">20693580</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16702456">Obstetric US: watch the fetal hands.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rypens F,
Dubois J,
Garel L,
Fournet JC,
Michaud JL,
Grignon A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiographics</span>
2006 May-Jun;26(3):811-29; discussion 830-1.
doi: 10.1148/rg.263055113.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16702456" target="_blank">16702456</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3624969">Surgical treatment of the thumb in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood VE,
Rubinstein JH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Br</span>
1987 Jun;12(2):166-72.
doi: 10.1016/0266-7681_87_90005-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3624969" target="_blank">3624969</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hitchhiker%20thumb%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21985323">Atelosteogenesis type I: autopsy findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wessels A,
Wainwright HC,
Beighton P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dev Pathol</span>
2011 Nov-Dec;14(6):496-500.
Epub 2011 Oct 10
doi: 10.2350/11-01-0969-CR.1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21985323" target="_blank">21985323</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20158312">Physical features observation: is it repeatable in zygosity determination of Chinese adult twins?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gao W,
Li L,
Cao W,
Zhan S,
Zhao Y,
Wang H,
Hu Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Twin Res Hum Genet</span>
2010 Feb;13(1):96-100.
doi: 10.1375/twin.13.1.96.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20158312" target="_blank">20158312</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2065494">The anatomy and management of the thumb in Apert syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fereshetian S,
Upton J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Plast Surg</span>
1991 Apr;18(2):365-80.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2065494" target="_blank">2065494</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hitchhiker%20thumb%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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