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<!--
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UID=5796
|
||
ConceptID=C0021364
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Male infertility</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5796</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0021364</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Infertility, Male; Male Infertility</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Male infertility (2904007)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003251">HP:0003251</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005372" target="_blank">MONDO:0005372</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">The inability of the male to effect fertilization of an ovum after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. [from <a title="Monarch Initiative" href="https://monarchinitiative.org/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MONDO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0021364[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=5796">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=5796" ref="ncbi_uid=5796">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Male infertility</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155422" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genital system">Abnormality of the genital system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892582" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of reproductive system physiology">Abnormality of reproductive system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/452706" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased fertility">Decreased fertility</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/452752" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased fertility in males">Decreased fertility in males</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Male infertility</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/588677" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm morphology">Abnormal sperm morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1782796" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm axoneme morphology">Abnormal sperm axoneme morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent sperm axoneme central pair complex">Absent sperm axoneme central pair complex</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868308" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm head morphology">Abnormal sperm head morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868304" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acephalic spermatozoa">Acephalic spermatozoa</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841709" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acrosomal hypoplasia">Acrosomal hypoplasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1393000" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased acrosin in sperm head">Decreased acrosin in sperm head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841624" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlarged sperm head vacuole">Enlarged sperm head vacuole</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96048" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Globozoospermia">Globozoospermia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1393298" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Macrozoospermia">Macrozoospermia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1640115" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Microcephalic sperm head">Microcephalic sperm head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1787884" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pyriform sperm head">Pyriform sperm head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1795480" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ruffled acrosome">Ruffled acrosome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841800" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Small acrosomal area">Small acrosomal area</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1635505" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tapered sperm head">Tapered sperm head</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868306" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm mid-piece morphology">Abnormal sperm mid-piece morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842014" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Asymmetrical insertion of the midpiece into the head">Asymmetrical insertion of the midpiece into the head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842017" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thick spermatozoon midpiece insertion">Thick spermatozoon midpiece insertion</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841807" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thin spermatozoon midpiece">Thin spermatozoon midpiece</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868307" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm neck morphology">Abnormal sperm neck morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1786486" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bent sperm neck">Bent sperm neck</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868305" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm tail morphology">Abnormal sperm tail morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1779587" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sperm principal piece morphology">Abnormal sperm principal piece morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1623855" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent sperm flagella">Absent sperm flagella</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841958" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Altered location of the longitudinal column in the fibrous sheath">Altered location of the longitudinal column in the fibrous sheath</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1622332" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bent sperm flagella">Bent sperm flagella</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1611216" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Coiled sperm flagella">Coiled sperm flagella</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1687959" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregularly shaped sperm tail">Irregularly shaped sperm tail</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/368862" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Multiflagellar spermatozoa">Multiflagellar spermatozoa</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1623693" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Short sperm flagella">Short sperm flagella</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841938" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Excess residual spermatozoal cytoplasm">Excess residual spermatozoal cytoplasm</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/352809" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aspermia">Aspermia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98339" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Astheno Teratozoospermias">Astheno Teratozoospermias</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2150" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Azoospermia">Azoospermia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866757" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-obstructive azoospermia">Non-obstructive azoospermia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841619" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spermiation failure">Spermiation failure</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868703" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Obstructive azoospermia">Obstructive azoospermia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868702" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pretesticular azoospermia">Pretesticular azoospermia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/235163" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital absence of germinal epithelium of testes">Congenital absence of germinal epithelium of testes</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18162" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oligospermia">Oligospermia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_41393"><div><strong>Cystic fibrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0010674</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease affecting epithelia of the respiratory tract, exocrine pancreas, intestine, hepatobiliary system, and exocrine sweat glands. Morbidities include recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis, progressive obstructive pulmonary disease with bronchiectasis, exocrine pancreatic deficiency and malnutrition, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal manifestations (meconium ileus, rectal prolapse, distal intestinal obstructive syndrome), liver disease, diabetes, male infertility due to hypoplasia or aplasia of the vas deferens, and reduced fertility or infertility in some women. Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41393">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_68568"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0232981</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Azoospermia, a condition in which there are no sperm present in the ejaculate, has historically been divided into 2 broad categories, obstructive (e.g., 277180) and nonobstructive. Among the genetically based, inherited nonobstructive causes are defects of spermatogenesis, which may interrupt the development of the sperm at various stages, either before (e.g., 415000) or during meiosis. SPGF4 is a form of azoospermia due to perturbations of meiosis. For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150). Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Miscarriage, the commonest complication of pregnancy, is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the fetus has reached viability. The term therefore includes all pregnancy losses from the time of conception until 24 weeks' gestation. Recurrent miscarriage, defined as 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses, affects about 1% of couples; when defined as 2 or more losses, the scale of the problem increases to 5% of all couples trying to conceive (summary by Rai and Regan, 2006). Pregnancy losses have traditionally been designated 'spontaneous abortions' if they occur before 20 weeks' gestation and 'stillbirths' if they occur after 20 weeks. Subtypes of spontaneous abortions can be further distinguished on the basis of embryonic development and include anembryonic loss in the first 5 weeks after conception (so-called 'blighted ovum'), embryonic loss from 6 to 9 weeks' gestation, and fetal loss from 10 weeks' gestation through the remainder of the pregnancy. These distinctions are important because the causes of pregnancy loss vary over gestational ages, with anembryonic losses being more likely to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities, for example. Possible etiologies for recurrent pregnancy loss include uterine anatomic abnormalities, cytogenetic abnormalities in the parents or fetus, single gene disorders, thrombophilic conditions, and immunologic or endocrine factors as well as environmental or infectious agents (summary by Warren and Silver, 2008). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of recurrent pregnancy loss, see RPRGL1 (614389).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68568">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140793"><div><strong>Oligosynaptic infertility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140793</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0403810</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic arrest during meiosis is a cause of infertility. The histologic picture of meiotic arrest is rather constant. Meiotic arrest is characterized by germ cells that enter meiosis and undergo the first chromosomal reduction from 4n to 2n but are then unable to proceed further. This results in tubules containing spermatocytes as the latest developmental stage of germ cells. Meiotically arrested spermatocytes accumulate in the tubules, degenerate, and are easily distinguishable from normal spermatocytes by their partially condensed chromosomes. Although the cause of infertility in patients with meiotic arrest often remains unidentified, this histologic picture can be observed in patients with nonidiopathic infertility as well, such as in the case of microdeletions of the Y chromosome, chromosomal abnormalities, and cryptorchidism, suggesting that different causal factors can result in the same effect (summary by Luetjens et al., 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Spermatogenic Failure See SPGF2 (108420), caused by mutation in the MSH4 gene (602105) on chromosome 1p31; SPGF3 (606766), caused by mutation in the SLC26A8 gene (608480) on chromosome 6p21; SPGF4 (270960), caused by mutation in the SYCP3 gene (604759) on chromosome 12q23; SPGF5 (243060), caused by mutation in the AURKC gene (603495) on chromosome 19q13; SPGF6 (102530), caused by mutation in the SPATA16 gene (609856) on chromosome 3q26; SPGF7 (612997), caused by mutation in the CATSPER gene (606389) on chromosome 11q13; SPGF8 (613957), caused by mutation in the NR5A1 gene (184757) on chromosome 9q33; SPGF9 (613958), caused by mutation in the DPY19L2 gene (613893) on chromosome 12q14; SPGF10 (614822), caused by mutation in the SEPT12 gene (611562) on chromosome 16p13; SPGF11 (615081), caused by mutation in the KLHL10 gene (608778) on chromosome 17p21; SPGF12 (615413), caused by mutation in the NANOS1 gene (608226) on chromosome 10q26; SPGF13 (615841), caused by mutation in the TAF4B gene (601689) on chromosome 18q11; SPGF14 (615842), caused by mutation in the ZMYND15 gene (614312) on chromosome 17p13; SPGF15 (616950), caused by mutation in the SYCE1 gene (611486) on chromosome 10q26; SPGF16 (617187), caused by mutation in the SUN5 gene (613942) on chromosome 20q11; SPGF17 (617214), caused by mutation in the PLCZ1 gene (608075) on chromosome 12p12; SPGF18 (617576), caused by mutation in the DNAH1 gene (603332) on chromosome 3p21; SPGF19 (617592), caused by mutation in the CFAP43 gene (617558) on chromosome 10q25; SPGF20 (617593), caused by mutation in the CFAP44 gene (617559) on chromosome 3q13; SPGF21 (617644), caused by mutation in the BRDT gene (602144) on chromosome 1p22; SPGF22 (617706), caused by mutation in the MEIOB gene (617670) on chromosome 16p13; SPGF23 (617707), caused by mutation in the TEX14 gene (605792) on chromosome 17q22; SPGF24 (617959), caused by mutation in the CFAP69 gene (617949) on chromosome 7q21; SPGF25 (617960), caused by mutation in the TEX15 gene (605795) on chromosome 8p12; SPGF26 (617961), caused by mutation in the TSGA10 gene (607166) on chromosome 2q11; SPGF27 (617965), caused by mutation in the AK7 gene (615364) on chromosome 14q32; SPGF28 (618086), caused by mutation in the FANCM gene (609644) on chromosome 14q21; SPGF29 (618091), caused by mutation in the SPINK2 gene (605753) on chromosome 4q12; SPGF30 (618110), caused by mutation in the TDRD9 gene (617963) on chromosome 14q32; SPGF31 (618112), caused by mutation in the PMFBP1 gene (618085) on chromosome 16q22; SPGF32 (618115), caused by mutation in the SOHLH1 gene (610224) on chromosome 9q34; SPGF33 (618152), caused by mutation in the WDR66 gene (618146) on chromosome 12q24; SPGF34 (618153), caused by mutation in the FSIP2 gene (615796) on chromosome 2q32; SPGF35 (618341), caused by mutation in the QRICH2 gene (618304) on chromosome 17q25; SPGF36 (618420), caused by mutation in the PPP2R3C gene (615902) on chromosome 14q13; SPGF37 (618429), caused by mutation in the TTC21A gene (611430) on chromosome 3p22; SPGF38 (618433), caused by mutation in the ARMC2 gene (618424) on chromosome 6q21; SPGF39 (618643), caused by mutation in the DNAH17 gene (610063) on chromosome 17q25; SPGF40 (618664), caused by mutation in the CFAP65 gene (614270) on chromosome 2q35; SPGF41 (618670), caused by mutation in the CFAP70 gene (618661) on chromosome 10q22; SPGF42 (618745), caused by mutation in the TTC29 gene (618735) on chromosome 4q31; SPGF43 (618751), caused by mutation in the SPEF2 gene (610172) on chromosome 5p13; SPGF44 (619044), caused by mutation in the CEP112 gene (618980) on chromosome 17q24; SPGF45 (619094), caused by mutation in the DNAH2 gene (603333) on chromosome 17p13; SPGF46 (619095), caused by mutation in the DNAH8 gene (603337) on chromosome 6p21; SPGF47 (619102), caused by mutation in the DZIP1 gene (608671) on chromosome 13q32; SPGF48 (619108), caused by mutation in the M1AP gene (619098) on chromosome 2p13; SPGF49 (619144), caused by mutation in the CFAP58 gene (619129) on chromosome 10q25; SPGF50 (619145), caused by mutation in the XRCC2 gene (600375) on chromosome 7q36; SPGF51 (619177), caused by mutation in the CFAP91 gene (609910) on chromosome 3q13; SPGF52 (619202), caused by mutation in the C14ORF39 gene (617307) on chromosome 14q23; SPGF53 (619258), caused by mutation in the ACTL9 gene (619251) on chromosome 19p13; SPGF54 (619379), caused by mutation in the CATIP gene (619387) on chromosome 2q35; SPGF55 (619380), caused by mutation in the SPAG17 gene (616554) on chromosome 1p12; SPGF56 (619515), caused by mutation in the DNAH10 gene (605884) on chromosome 12q24; SPGF57 (619528), caused by mutation in the PNLDC1 gene (619529) on chromosome 6q25; SPGF58 (619585), caused by mutation in the IFT74 gene (608040) on chromosome 9p21; SPGF59 (619645), caused by mutation in the TERB2 gene (617131) on chromosome 15q21; SPGF60 (619646), caused by mutation in the TERB1 gene (617332) on chromosome 16q22; SPGF61 (619672), caused by mutation in the STAG3 gene (608489) on chromosome 7q22; SPGF62 (619673), caused by mutation in the RNF212 gene (612041) on chromosome 4p16; SPGF63 (619689), caused by mutation in the RPL10L gene (619655) on chromosome 14q21; SPGF64 (619696), caused by mutation in the FBXO43 gene (609110) on chromosome 8q22; SPGF65 (619712), caused by mutation in the DNHD1 gene (617277) on chromosome 11p15; SPGF66 (619799), caused by mutation in the ZPBP gene (608498) on chromosome 7p12; SPGF67 (619803), caused by mutation in the CCDC62 gene (613481) on chromosome 12q24; SPGF68 (619805), caused by mutation in the C2CD6 gene (613481) on chromosome 2q33; SPGF69 (619826), caused by mutation in the GGN gene (609966) on chromosome 19q13; SPGF70 (619828), caused by mutation in the PDHA2 gene (179061) on chromosome 4q22; SPGF71 (619831), caused by mutation in the ZSWIM7 gene (614535) on chromosome 17p12; SPGF72 (619867), caused by mutation in the WDR19 gene (608151) on chromosome 4p14; SPGF73 (619878), caused by mutation in the MOV10L1 gene (605794) on chromosome 22q13; SPGF74 (619937), caused by mutation in the MSH5 gene (603382) on chromosome 6p21; SPGF75 (619949), caused by mutation in the SHOC1 gene (618038) on chromosome 9q31; SPGF76 (620084), caused by mutation in the CCDC34 gene (612324) on chromosome 11p14; SPGF77 (620103), caused by mutation in the FKBP6 gene (604839) on chromosome 7q11; SPGF78 (620170), caused by mutation in the IQCN gene (620160) on chromosome 19p13; SPGF79 (620196), caused by mutation in the KCNU1 gene (615215) on chromosome 8p11; SPGF80 (620222), caused by mutation in the DRC1 gene (615288) on chromosome 2p23; SPGF81 (620277), caused by mutation in the TEKT3 gene (612683) on chromosome 17p12; SPGF82 (620353), caused by mutation in the AKAP3 gene (604689) on chromosome 12p13; SPGF83 (620354), caused by mutation in the DNALI1 gene (602135) on chromosome 1p34; SPGF84 (620409), caused by mutation in the CFAP61 gene (620381) on chromosome 20p11; SPGF85 (620490), caused by mut</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140793">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98020"><div><strong>Infertility associated with multi-tailed spermatozoa and excessive DNA</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0403812</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-5 (SPGF5) is a form of male infertility associated with large-headed, multiflagellar, polyploid spermatozoa (Dieterich et al., 2007). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98021"><div><strong>Congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98021</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0403814</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease affecting epithelia of the respiratory tract, exocrine pancreas, intestine, hepatobiliary system, and exocrine sweat glands. Morbidities include recurrent sinusitis and bronchitis, progressive obstructive pulmonary disease with bronchiectasis, exocrine pancreatic deficiency and malnutrition, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal manifestations (meconium ileus, rectal prolapse, distal intestinal obstructive syndrome), liver disease, diabetes, male infertility due to hypoplasia or aplasia of the vas deferens, and reduced fertility or infertility in some women. Pulmonary disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in CF.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98021">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96048"><div><strong>Globozoospermia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96048</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0403825</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-6 (SPGF6) is a form of male infertility with globozoospermia. The acrosome is a unique structure of the mature spermatozoon, which plays an important role at the site of sperm-zonapellucida binding during the fertilization process. Globozoospermia (also called round-headed spermatozoa) is a human infertility syndrome caused by spermatogenesis defects (Lalonde et al., 1988, Singh, 1992). The most prominent feature of globozoospermia is the malformation of the acrosome and, in the most severe cases, the acrosome is totally absent. Globozoospermia is also characterized by abnormal nuclear shape as well as abnormal arrangement of the mitochondria of the spermatozoon (Battaglia et al., 1997). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96048">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373370"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 32</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373370</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1837608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">DFNB32 is characterized by prelingual progressive moderate to profound sensorineural deafness. Some affected men are infertile, and semen analysis has shown high percentages of immotile sperm with abnormal morphology (Imtiaz et al., 2018).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373370">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_326394"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, Y-linked, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326394</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1839071</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Y chromosome infertility is characterized by azoospermia (absence of sperm), severe oligozoospermia (<1 x 106 sperm/mL semen), moderate oligozoospermia (1-5 x 106 sperm/mL semen), or mild oligozoospermia (5-20 x 106 sperm/mL semen). Males with Y chromosome infertility usually have no obvious symptoms, although physical examination may reveal small testes.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326394">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_374322"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1839841</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Any azoospermia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TEX11 gene.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374322">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342367"><div><strong>Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1849930</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">The persistent mullerian duct syndrome is characterized by the persistence of mullerian derivatives, uterus and tubes, in otherwise normally virilized males (summary by Knebelmann et al., 1991).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342367">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400056"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400056</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1862459</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-2 (SPGF2) is characterized by male infertility due to azoospermia (Tang et al., 2020; Akbari et al., 2021). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400056">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_370197"><div><strong>Deafness-infertility syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370197</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1970187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">STRC-related autosomal recessive hearing loss (STRC-HL) comprises both nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss with decreased fertility in males who have biallelic contiguous gene deletions involving STRC and CATSPER2. The hearing loss is mild to moderate, congenital, bilateral, and symmetric. Mean pure tone hearing loss averages 40-50 decibels (dB) at the time of diagnosis; hearing loss is not severe to profound in children or young adults. Of note, while many newborns with STRC-HL will be identified by newborn hearing screening (NBHS), some newborns with STRC-HL will not because some screening methods may not detect milder hearing loss. Males with biallelic contiguous gene deletions involving STRC and CATSPER2 are at risk for CATSPER2-related male infertility due to morphologic sperm abnormalities that affect sperm motility. In contrast, females with contiguous gene deletions do not have related fertility issues.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/370197">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390990"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390990</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2676235</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from loss of normal ciliary function. Kartagener (pronounced KART-agayner) syndrome is characterized by the combination of primary ciliary dyskinesia and situs inversus, and occurs in approximately half of patients with ciliary dyskinesia. Since normal nodal ciliary movement in the embryo is required for normal visceral asymmetry, absence of normal ciliary movement results in a lack of definitive patterning; thus, random chance alone appears to determine whether the viscera take up the normal or reversed left-right position during embryogenesis. This explains why approximately 50% of patients, even within the same family, have situs inversus (Afzelius, 1976; El Zein et al., 2003). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia and Kartagener syndrome, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390990">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414478"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2751811</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">CATSPER1-related nonsyndromic male infertility is a condition that affects the function of sperm, leading to difficulty conceiving children (a condition called infertility). People with this condition produce sperm that have decreased movement (motility). Affected individuals may also produce fewer sperm cells or sperm cells that are abnormally shaped. These sperm abnormalities prevent people with this condition from conceiving without assisted reproductive technologies.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414478">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419735"><div><strong>Nephropathic cystinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462486"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3151136</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-14 (CILD14) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory infections associated with defects in ciliary inner dynein arms and axonemal disorganization (Merveille et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462486">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462757"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462757</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3151407</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-9 (SPGF9) is associated with globozoospermia, a rare phenotype of primary male infertility characterized by the production of a majority of round-headed spermatozoa without an acrosome (summary by Harbuz et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462757">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_483333"><div><strong>Fanconi anemia complementation group A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>483333</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3469521</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by physical abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased risk for malignancy. Physical abnormalities, present in approximately 75% of affected individuals, include one or more of the following: short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, skeletal malformations of the upper and/or lower limbs, microcephaly, and ophthalmic and genitourinary tract anomalies. Progressive bone marrow failure with pancytopenia typically presents in the first decade, often initially with thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia is 13% by age 50 years. Solid tumors – particularly of the head and neck, skin, and genitourinary tract – are more common in individuals with FA.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/483333">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762331"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762331</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3543825</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-18 (CILD18) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early infantile onset of recurrent sinopulmonary infections due to ciliary dysfunction and impaired airway clearance. Males are infertile and about half of patients have situs inversus. Electron microscopy of cilia shows a defect of the outer and inner dynein arms and impaired ciliary function (summary by Horani et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762331">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_762332"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>762332</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3543826</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-19 (CILD19) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by chronic sinopulmonary infections, asthenospermia, and immotile cilia. Respiratory epithelial cells and sperm flagella of affected individuals lack both the inner and outer dynein arms. About 50% of patients have situs inversus (summary by Kott et al., 2012). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see 244400.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/762332">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766707"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766707</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553793</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-10 (SPGF10) is associated with a defective annulus, a ring structure that demarcates the midpiece and the principal piece of the sperm tail. The firm attachment of the annulus to the flagellar membrane suggests that it may supply mechanical support and prevent displacement of the caudal mitochondrial helix (summary by Kuo et al., 2012). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766707">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767367"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554453</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any azoospermia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KLHL10 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767367">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862886"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862886</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014449</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any azoospermia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TAF4B gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862886">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862891"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862891</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014454</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-14 (SPGF14) is characterized by male infertility due to azoospermia with sperm maturation arrest in the spermatid stage. Testicular biopsy shows thickened tubular membranes (Ayhan et al., 2014). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862891">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934633"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934633</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-17 (SPGF17) is characterized by male infertility due to acrosomal defects, causing oocyte activation deficiency resulting in total fertilization failure. Fertilization can be rescued by assisted oocyte activation (Escoffier et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934633">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934641"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310674</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-16 (SPGF16) is characterized by acephalic spermatozoa causing male infertility. Semen from affected men consistently shows nearly 100% abnormally shaped spermatozoa, mostly made up of headless tails, with a small proportion of intact spermatozoa with an abnormal head-tail junction, as well as a few tailless heads. Ultrastructurally, the anomaly involves absence of the implantation fossa and basal plate between the sperm head and the tail (summary by Zhu et al., 2016). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934641">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934689"><div><strong>Primary ciliary dyskinesia 34</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934689</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310722</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-34 (CILD34) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by childhood onset of recurrent sinopulmonary infections due to impaired ciliary function. Affected males are infertile due to impaired sperm function and viability. Laterality defects have not been observed in this type of CILD (summary by El Khouri et al., 2016). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934689">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934746"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934746</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310779</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any azoospermia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SYCE1 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934746">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934782"><div><strong>Vas deferens, congenital bilateral aplasia of, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934782</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310815</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is found in more than 25% of men with obstructive azoospermia, involving a complete or partial defect of the Wolffian duct derivatives. In 80% of men with CBAVD (see 277180), mutations are identified in the CFTR gene (602421). The forms caused by mutations in the CFTR and ADGRG2 genes are clinically indistinguishable (summary by Patat et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934782">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1393107"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 36, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1393107</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4478372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">CILD36 is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by chronic airway disease and recurrent sinopulmonary infections beginning in childhood and caused by defective ciliary function. Affected individuals also have infertility due to defective sperm flagella. About half of patients have laterality defects due to ciliary dysfunction at the embryonic node (summary by Paff et al., 2017). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1393107">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617309"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539783</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-18 (SPGF18) is a form of male infertility caused by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (Ben Khelifa et al., 2014). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617309">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1614356"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1614356</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-19 (SPGF19) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including absent, short, coiled, bent, and irregular-caliber flagella (Tang et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1614356">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1621256"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1621256</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539824</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-20 (SPGF20) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella, including absent, short, coiled, bent, and irregular-caliber flagella (Tang et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1621256">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617056"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 21</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617056</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4539991</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-21 (SPGF21) is characterized by acephalic spermatozoa causing male infertility (Li et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617056">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1618089"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 22</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1618089</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540179</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-22 (SPGF22) is characterized by male infertility due to spermatocyte maturation arrest resulting in cryptozoospermia or azoospermia (Gershoni et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1618089">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1626589"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1626589</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540185</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1626589">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1638960"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1638960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551602</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one fourth of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability, and language impairments in general are more common in NS than in the general population.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1638960">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646059"><div><strong>Kartagener syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646059</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551906</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder resulting from loss of function of different parts of the primary ciliary apparatus, most often dynein arms. Kartagener (pronounced KART-agayner) syndrome is characterized by the combination of primary ciliary dyskinesia and situs inversus (270100), and occurs in approximately half of patients with ciliary dyskinesia. Since normal nodal ciliary movement in the embryo is required for normal visceral asymmetry, absence of normal ciliary movement results in a lack of definitive patterning; thus, random chance alone appears to determine whether the viscera take up the normal or reversed left-right position during embryogenesis. This explains why approximately 50% of patients, even within the same family, have situs inversus (Afzelius, 1976; El Zein et al., 2003). Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Other forms of primary ciliary dyskinesia include CILD2 (606763), caused by mutation in the DNAAF3 gene (614566) on 19q13; CILD3 (608644), caused by mutation in the DNAH5 gene (603335) on 5p15; CILD4 (608646), mapped to 15q13; CILD5 (608647), caused by mutation in the HYDIN gene (610812) on 16q22; CILD6 (610852), caused by mutation in the TXNDC3 gene (607421) on 7p14; CILD7 (611884), caused by mutation in the DNAH11 gene (603339) on 7p15; CILD8 (612274), mapped to 15q24-q25; CILD9 (612444), caused by mutation in the DNAI2 gene (605483) on 17q25; CILD10 (612518), caused by mutation in the DNAAF2 gene (612517) on 14q21; CILD11 (612649), caused by mutation in the RSPH4A gene (612647) on 6q22; CILD12 (612650), caused by mutation in the RSPH9 gene (612648) on 6p21; CILD13 (613193), caused by mutation in the DNAAF1 gene (613190) on 16q24; CILD14 (613807), caused by mutation in the CCDC39 gene (613798) gene on 3q26; CILD15 (613808), caused by mutation in the CCDC40 gene (613799) on 17q25; CILD16 (614017), caused by mutation in the DNAL1 gene (610062) on 14q24; CILD17 (614679), caused by mutation in the DNAAF19 gene (614677) on 17q21; CILD18 (614874), caused by mutation in the DNAAF5 gene (614864) on 7p22; CILD19 (614935), caused by mutation in the DNAAF11 gene (614930) on 8q24; CILD20 (615067), caused by mutation in the CCDC114 gene (615038) on 19q13; CILD21 (615294), caused by mutation in the DRC1 gene (615288) on 2p23; CILD22 (615444), caused by mutation in the ZMYND10 gene (607070) on 3p21; CILD23 (615451), caused by mutation in the ARMC4 gene (615408) on 10p; CILD24 (615481), caused by mutation in the RSPH1 gene (609314) on 21q22; CILD25 (615482), caused by mutation in the DYX1C1 gene (608706) on 15q21; CILD26 (615500), caused by mutation in the C21ORF59 gene (615494) on 21q22; CILD27 (615504), caused by mutation in the CCDC65 gene (611088) on 12q13; CILD28 (615505), caused by mutation in the SPAG1 gene (603395) on 8q22; CILD29 (615872), caused by mutation in the CCNO gene (607752) on 5q11; CILD30 (616037), caused by mutation in the CCDC151 gene (615956) on 19p13; CILD32 (616481), caused by mutation in the RSPH3 gene (615876) on 6q25; CILD33 (616726), caused by mutation in the GAS8 gene (605178) on 16q24; CILD34 (617091), caused by mutation in the DNAJB13 gene (610263) on 11q13; CILD35 (617092), caused by mutation in the TTC25 gene (617095) on 17q21; CILD36 (300991), caused by mutation in the DNAAF6 gene (300933) on Xq22; CILD37 (617577), caused by mutation in the DNAH1 gene (603332) on 3p21; CILD38 (618063), caused by mutation in the CFAP300 gene (618058) on 11q22; CILD39 (618254), caused by mutation in the LRRC56 gene (618227) on 11p15; CILD40 (618300), caused by mutation in the DNAH9 gene (603330) on 17p12; CILD41 (618449), caused by mutation in the GAS2L2 gene (611398) on 17q12; CILD42 (618695), caused by mutation in the MCIDAS gene (614086) on 5q11; CILD43 (618699), caused by mutation in the FOXJ1 gene (602291) on 17q25; CILD44 (618781), caused by mutation in the NEK10 gene (618726) on 3p24; CILD45 (618801), caused by mutation in the TTC12 gene (610732) on 11q23; CILD46 (619436), caused by mutation in the STK36 gene (607652) on 2q35; CILD47 (619466), caused by mutation in the TP73 gene (601990) on 1p36; CILD48 (620032), caused by mutation in the NME5 gene (603575) on chromosome 5q31; CILD49 (620197), caused by mutation in the CFAP74 gene (620187) on chromosome 1p36; CILD50 (620356), caused by mutation in the DNAH7 gene (610061) on chromosome 2q32; CILD51 (620438), caused by mutation in the BRWD1 gene (617824) on chromosome 21q22; CILD52 (620570), caused by mutation in the DAW1 gene (620279) on chromosome 2q36; and CILD53 (620642), caused by mutation in the CLXN gene (619564) on chromosome 8q11. Ciliary abnormalities have also been reported in association with both X-linked and autosomal forms of retinitis pigmentosa. Mutations in the RPGR gene (312610), which underlie X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3; 300029), are in some instances (e.g., 312610.0016) associated with recurrent respiratory infections indistinguishable from immotile cilia syndrome; see 300455. Afzelius (1979) gave an extensive review of cilia and their disorders. There are also several possibly distinct CILDs described based on the electron microscopic appearance of abnormal cilia, including CILD with transposition of the microtubules (215520), CILD with excessively long cilia (242680), and CILD with defective radial spokes (242670).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646059">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634798"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, Y-linked, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634798</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551960</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Y chromosome infertility is characterized by azoospermia (absence of sperm), severe oligozoospermia (<1 x 106 sperm/mL semen), moderate oligozoospermia (1-5 x 106 sperm/mL semen), or mild oligozoospermia (5-20 x 106 sperm/mL semen). Males with Y chromosome infertility usually have no obvious symptoms, although physical examination may reveal small testes.</div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634798">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646677"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 25</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646677</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693765</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-25 (SPGF25) is characterized by small testes and infertility, with severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia due to maturation arrest at the primary spermatocyte stage (Okutman et al., 2015). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646677">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1644751"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 26</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644751</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693773</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-26 (SPGF26) is characterized by acephalic spermatozoa due to breakage that occurs in the midpiece of the sperm (Sha et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644751">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634748"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634748</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693784</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-27 (SPGF27) is characterized by infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), a phenotype also designated as 'dysplasia of the fibrous sheath,' 'short tails,' or 'stump tails.' Spermatozoa in the ejaculate exhibit short, irregular, coiled, or absent flagella. Ultrastructural analysis shows loss of the central pair of microtubules, loss of the inner dynein arms, and peripheral doublet disorganization (Lores et al., 2018). For a discussion of the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634748">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648302"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648302</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4721889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">In spermatogenic failure-3 (SPGF3), primary infertility is associated with nonobstructive asthenozoospermia (Dirami et al., 2013). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648302">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648494"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 28</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648494</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748117</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-28 (SPGF28) is characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia, with a Sertoli cell-only phenotype observed in testicular tissue (Kasak et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648494">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648499"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 29</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648499</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748142</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-29 (SPGF29) is characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Sperm that are present are immotile and exhibit abnormal morphology, primarily defects of the acrosome and head-neck junction (Kherraf et al., 2017). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648499">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648394"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 30</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648394</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-30 (SPGF30) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia or cryptozoospermia. The few sperm that have been observed are immotile and have small heads. Testicular histology in azoospermic patients shows incomplete maturation arrest, with a Sertoli cell-only pattern in some areas (Arafat et al., 2017). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648394">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648419"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 31</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648419</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SPGF31 is characterized by male infertility due to oligozoospermia with a high proportion (greater than 90%) of acephalic sperm. Affected couples may overcome infertility with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Zhu et al., 2018). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648419">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648444"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 32</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648444</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748253</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-32 (SPGF32) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia. Testicular biopsy has shown absence of spermatogenic cells and a Sertoli cell-only pattern (Choi et al., 2010). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648444">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648473"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 33</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648473</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748395</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-33 (SPGF33) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), resulting in immotile spermatozoa and infertility. Short and irregular-caliber flagella are primarily observed, as well as absent and coiled flagella, and abnormalities of the acrosome, head, and base are also present (Kherraf et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648473">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648297"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 34</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648297</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748403</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-34 (SPGF34) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), resulting in immotile spermatozoa and infertility. Irregular-caliber, short, and coiled flagella are primarily observed, as well as absent flagella, and abnormalities of the axoneme are also present (Martinez et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648297">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1679765"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 35</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1679765</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193038</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-35 (SPGF35) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), resulting in spermatozoa with severely impaired motility and infertility. Short, thickened, and coiled flagella are primarily observed, as well as absent flagella, and abnormalities of axonemal composition are also present (Shen et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1679765">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1678385"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 36</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1678385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193086</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-36 (SPGF36) is characterized by reduced fertility due to teratozoospermia, with spermatozoa showing anomalies of the head, acrosome, and nucleus (Guran et al., 2019). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1678385">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1677534"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1677534</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193091</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-37 (SPGF37) is characterized by primary male infertility with asthenoteratozoospermia. Spermatozoa exhibit severely reduced motility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), primarily consisting of short or absent flagella. Neck defects at the head-tail junction are frequently seen (Liu et al., 2019). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1677534">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1680356"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 38</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1680356</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193095</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-38 (SPGF38) is characterized by primary infertility and asthenoteratozoospermia due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Spermatozoa show total sperm motility below 10% and exhibit morphologic anomalies including short, absent, coiled, bent, or irregular-caliber flagella (Coutton et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1680356">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684778"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 39</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684778</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231438</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-39 (SPGF39) is characterized by infertility due to asthenozoospermia. In some patients, spermatozoa exhibit multiple morphologic anomalies of the sperm flagellum (MMAF), including short, absent, irregularly shaped, and coiled flagella. Abnormalities of the sperm head and midpiece have also been observed, and ultrastructural analysis shows a lack of the outer dynein arms (ODAs) in sperm cells. In other patients, sperm do not exhibit MMAF, and ultrastructural analysis shows that many flagella lack 1 or more of microtubule doublets (MTDs) 4 to 7 at the principal piece or end piece; however, ODAs are present at the remaining MTDs (Whitfield et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684778">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684662"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 40</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684662</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231451</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-40 (SPGF40) is characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including absent, short, bent, coiled, and irregular-caliber tails, resulting in severely reduced to absent motility. Patient spermatozoa may also show morphologic defects of the sperm head, with acrosomal hypoplasia or aplasia (Wang et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684662">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684739"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 41</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684739</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231455</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-41 (SPGF41) is characterized by infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Patient semen analysis has also shown oligozoospermia, and the flagellar abnormalities include short, absent, coiled, and irregular-caliber flagella. Some sperm show tapered heads and acrosomal abnormalities (Beurois et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684739">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684744"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 42</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684744</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231488</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-42 (SPGF42) is characterized by infertility and spermatozoa with almost no progressive motility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including short, absent, coiled, irregular-caliber, and/or bent flagella. Some spermatozoa also show abnormalities of the head, acrosome, midpiece, or endpiece (Lores et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684744">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684830"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 43</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684830</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231490</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-43 (SPGF43) is characterized by infertility and spermatozoa lacking progressive motility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including short, absent, coiled, irregular-caliber, and/or bent flagella. Most flagella lack the central pair (9+0 configuration) on ultrastructural analysis (Liu et al., 2019; Sha et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684830">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1714988"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 45</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1714988</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5394104</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-45 (CILD45) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections resulting from defective mucociliary clearance. Affected individuals have onset of symptoms in infancy or early childhood, and the repetitive nature of the disorder may result in bronchiectasis. Nasal nitric oxide may be decreased, but patients do not have situs abnormalities. Male patients have infertility due to immotile sperm (summary by Thomas et al., 2020). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1714988">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1717772"><div><strong>Heterotaxy, visceral, 9, autosomal, with male infertility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1717772</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5394551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Visceral heterotaxy-9 (HTX9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by randomization of organ laterality, resulting in defects such as situs inversus and dextrocardia. Affected males are infertile mainly due to defective sperm motility, whereas affected females do not appear to have fertility problems. The disorder results from impaired function of the embryonic nodal cilia and sperm flagella. However, patients do not have classic respiratory symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (see, e.g., CILD; 244400). The phenotype is highly variable; some affected individuals may be identified incidentally (summary by Ta-Shma et al., 2018 and Leslie et al., 2020). For a discussion of the genetic heterogeneity of visceral heterotaxy, see HTX1 (306955).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1717772">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1750188"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 44</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1750188</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436678</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-44 (SPGF44) is characterized by male infertility due to headless sperm in the ejaculate (Sha et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1750188">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1776221"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 45</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1776221</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436791</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-45 (SPGF45) is characterized by male infertility due to severe teratozoospermia. Sperm in affected men exhibit multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including flagella that are short, absent, coiled, angulated, and/or of irregular caliber; some sperm also show abnormalities of the head. Ultrastructural analysis shows severe disruption of the axonemal complex and mitochondrial sheath (Li et al., 2019). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1776221">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1726728"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 46</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1726728</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436799</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-46 (SPGF46) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia. Sperm of affected men exhibit multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including flagella that are absent, short, coiled, angulated, and/or of irregular caliber. Ultrastructural analysis shows disorganization of axonemal and periaxonemal structures (Liu et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1726728">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1721477"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 47</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1721477</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-47 (SPGF47) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratospermia. Affected individuals have reduced sperm concentrations and spermatozoa are immotile, with short or absent flagella as well as centriolar abnormalities (Lv et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1721477">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1761843"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 48</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1761843</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436823</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-48 (SPGF48) is characterized by male infertility due to a variable spectrum of severely impaired spermatogenesis, primarily at meiosis and resulting in azoospermia. However, sparse postmeiotic germ cell development and retrieval of sperm in some cases has been reported (Wyrwoll et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1761843">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1742668"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 49</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1742668</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436887</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-49 (SPGF49) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), primarily coiled and short flagella, with markedly reduced or no progressive motility (He et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see 258150.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1742668">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1747507"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failures 50</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1747507</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436888</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-50 (SPGF50) is characterized by male infertility due to azoospermia resulting from meiotic arrest at prophase I (Yang et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1747507">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1784059"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1784059</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5542347</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-3 (SPGFX3) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1784059">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779119"><div><strong>Azoospermia, obstructive, with nephrolithiasis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779119</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5542351</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Obstructive azoospermia with nephrolithiasis (OAZON) is characterized by male infertility due to obstruction at the head of the epididymis, as well as hypercalciuria and kidney stones (Askari et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779119">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1785685"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 52</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1785685</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543094</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-52 (SPGF52) is characterized by azoospermic infertility resulting from meiotic arrest at the spermatocyte stage (Fan et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1785685">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1787013"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 53</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1787013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543253</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-53 (SPGF53) is characterized by oocyte fertilization failure due to lack of oocyte activation, associated with ultrastructural abnormalities of the sperm head (Dai et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1787013">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782493"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 54</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782493</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543570</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-54 (SPGF54) is characterized by male infertility due to oligoteratoasthenozoospermia, with markedly reduced sperm counts and severely reduced or absent sperm motility (Arafat et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782493">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1781781"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 55</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1781781</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543580</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-55 (SPGF55) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenozoospermia, with severely reduced sperm motility (Xu et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1781781">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794188"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 56</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794188</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561978</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-56 (SPGF56) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), resulting in severely reduced sperm motility (Tu et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794188">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794198"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 57</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794198</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-57 (SPGF57) is characterized by male infertility due to error-prone meiosis of germ cells and spermatogenic arrest at the late pachytene stage (Nagirnaja et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794198">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794218"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 58</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794218</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562008</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-58 (SPGF58) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Sperm are immotile or show severely reduced progressive motility due to short and irregular caliber flagella as well as bent, coiled, and absent flagella. Head abnormalities have also been observed, including acrosomal and postacrosomal defects (Lores et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794218">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794244"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 59</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794244</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-59 (SPGF59) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia. Testicular biopsy shows maturation arrest (Salas-Huetos et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794244">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794245"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 60</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794245</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562035</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-60 (SPGF60) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia. Testicular biopsy shows maturation arrest before the pachytene stage (Krausz et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794245">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794258"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 61</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794258</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562048</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-61 (SPGF61) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia, resulting from complete meiotic arrest at the primary spermatocyte stage (Riera-Escamilla et al., 2019;van der Bijl et al., 2019). Mutation in the STAG3 gene also causes premature ovarian failure (POF8; 615723), resulting in female infertility. For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794258">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794259"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 62</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794259</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562049</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-62 (SPGF62) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia, resulting from complete metaphase arrest at the spermatocyte stage (Riera-Escamilla et al., 2019). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794259">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794265"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 63</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794265</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-63 (SPGF63) is characterized by male infertility due to severe oligozoospermia with markedly reduced progressive motility (Tu et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794265">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794272"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 64</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794272</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562062</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-64 (SPGF64) is characterized by male infertility due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia. Some patients have absent sperm due to meiotic arrest at the diplotene stage, whereas others show low sperm counts and reduced progressive motility, and spermatozoa have enlarged amorphous heads (Ma et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2022). Mutation in the FBXO43 gene can also cause female infertility due to early embryonic arrest (see OOMD12, 619697). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794272">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794277"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 65</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794277</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562067</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-65 (SPGF65) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia. Progressive sperm motility is severely reduced or absent, and patients exhibit multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including coiled, irregular-caliber, short, and absent flagella. Abnormalities of the flagellar midpiece are also present (Tan et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of SPGF, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794277">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794282"><div><strong>Heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794282</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562072</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Visceral heterotaxy-10 (HTX10) is characterized by a failure to generate normal left-right visceral asymmetry during embryogenesis, which can result in heterotaxy syndrome or situs inversus totalis. Affected individuals may experience mild chronic respiratory symptoms, but do not fulfill the criteria for primary ciliary dyskinesia (see 244400). Male infertility has been reported (Ta-Shma et al., 2015; Dougherty et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of visceral heterotaxy, see HTX1 (306955).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794282">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804024"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804024</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676882</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-4 (SPGFX4) is characterized by male infertility due to azoospermia or oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Some patients show maturation arrest, and Sertoli cell-only phenotype has been observed (Hardy et al., 2021; Arafat et al., 2021; Kherraf et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804024">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1806298"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 66</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1806298</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676945</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-66 (SPGF66) is characterized by male infertility due to all sperm being round-headed (globozoospermia) and lacking the acrosome (Oud et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1806298">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804099"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 67</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804099</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676947</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-67 (SPGF67) is characterized by male infertility due to sperm being round-headed (globozoospermia) and lacking the acrosome (Oud et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804099">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1812032"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 68</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1812032</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676949</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-68 (SPGF68) is characterized by male infertility due to sperm being round-headed (globozoospermia) and lacking the acrosome (Oud et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1812032">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1811285"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 69</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1811285</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676960</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-69 (SPGF69) is characterized by male infertility due to sperm being round-headed (globozoospermia) and lacking the acrosome (Oud et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1811285">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809945"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 70</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809945</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676962</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-70 (SPGF70) is characterized by male infertility due to azoospermia or sperm immotility and necrozoospermia (Yildirim et al., 2018). Hypospermatogenesis and meiotic arrest have also been observed (Kherraf et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809945">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801153"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 71</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801153</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676963</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-71 (SPGF71) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia (Alhathal et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801153">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1803118"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 72</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1803118</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-72 (SPGF72) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including coiled, short, angulated, absent, and irregular-caliber flagella, resulting in lack of sperm motility (Ni et al., 2020). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1803118">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801127"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 73</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801127</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-73 (SPGF73) is characterized by male infertility, resulting from nonobstructive azoospermia due to meiotic arrest (Li et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801127">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1812069"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 74</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1812069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677010</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-74 (SPGF74) is characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia and male infertility due to complete meiotic arrest at the spermatocyte zygotene or pachytene stage. Some men exhibit reduced testicular volume and/or reduced testosterone level (Wyrwoll et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1812069">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804291"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 75</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-75 (SPGF75) is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia resulting from maturation arrest at the spermatocyte stage (Krausz et al., 2020; Yao et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804291">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824009"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 76</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774236</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-76 (SPGF76) is characterized by male infertility due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) have been observed, including short, absent, and irregular caliber flagella. Ultrastructural anomalies include disordered outer dense fibers and abnormal 9+2 microtubular structures (Cong et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824009">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824018"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 77</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824018</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774245</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-77 (SPGF77) is characterized by male infertility due to extreme oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Nearly all spermatozoa present on semen analysis are morphologically abnormal, with amorphous, enlarged, and/or fragmented heads, and some are multiflagellated. Testicular tissue shows arrest at the round spermatid stage (Wyrwoll et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824018">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824049"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 78</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824049</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774276</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-78 (SPGF78) is characterized by male infertility resulting from an abnormal acrosome structure due to a manchette assembly defect (Dai et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824049">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824063"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 79</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824063</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774290</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-79 (SPGF79) is characterized by male infertility due to an abnormal acrosome reaction and impaired membrane potential after capacitation. Some patients exhibit asthenoteratozoospermia, with defective acrosome formation and mitochondrial sheath assembly, and reduced progressive motility (Lv et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824063">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824064"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 49, without situs inversus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824064</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774291</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-49 (CILD49) without situs inversus is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent respiratory infections, chronic cough, and bronchiectasis in early childhood due to defective ciliary clearance. Affected males also show infertility due to defective flagellar morphology and function. Nasal nitric oxide (NO) levels are normal and situs abnormalities are not observed (Sha et al., 2020; Biebach et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824064">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824074"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 80</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824074</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-80 (SPGF80) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including short, coiled, absent, and irregular-caliber flagella, with correspondingly reduced or absent progressive motility of sperm. Abnormalities of the sperm head have also been observed. Severe axonemal disorganization is evident on transmission electron microscopy (Zhang et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824074">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840194"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840194</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5829558</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-5 (SPGFX5) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia. Patient sperm shows reduced or absent progressive motility, and multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) are observed, including short, coiled, irregular caliber, absent, and/or angulated flagella. Pregnancy may be achieved by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (Liu et al., 2023). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840194">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840198"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840198</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5829562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-6 (SPGFX6) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia. Patient spermatozoa show reduced progressive motility, and multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) are observed, primarily short and coiled flagella. Pregnancy can be achieved by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (Liu et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840198">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840203"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840203</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5829567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-7 (SPGFX7) is characterized by male infertility due to significantly reduced sperm concentration and progressive motility, with abnormalities of the head and flagella. Patient sperm show insufficient individualization, excessive residual cytoplasm, and defects in acrosome development (Zhang et al., 2023). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840203">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840965"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 81</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830329</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-81 (SPGF81) is characterized by male infertility due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Patient spermatozoa exhibit acrosomal hypoplasia as well as detachment of the acrosome from the sperm head, and also show markedly reduced progressive motility (Liu et al., 2023) For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841104"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 82</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841104</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830468</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-82 (SPGF82) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (Liu et al., 2023). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841104">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841106"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 83</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841106</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830470</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-83 (SPGF83) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenozoospermia. Patient sperm are immotile, and exhibit an asymmetric fibrous sheath of the flagella (Wu et al., 2023). Patients with reduced sperm motility due to morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (asthenoteratozoospermia) and patients with reduced sperm counts as well as flagellar defects and reduced or absent motility (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia) have been observed (Sha et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2024). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841106">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841109"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 50</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841109</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830473</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-50 (CILD50) is characterized by chronic sinusitis and bronchitis as well as male infertility. Patient sperm have markedly reduced progressive motility, and multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) have been observed. Ultrastructurally, patients exhibit defects or loss of the inner dynein arms of the sperm flagella (Wei et al., 2021; Gao et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841109">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841198"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 84</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841198</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-84 (SPGF84) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), including irregular-caliber, bent, coiled, absent, or short tails, resulting in severely reduced motility. Some patients also have a reduced sperm count (Liu et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2023). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of SPGF, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841198">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841244"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 51</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841244</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary ciliary dyskinesia-51 (CILD51) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), resulting in severely reduced progressive motility. Some men also have a low sperm count. In addition, affected individuals experience chronic rhinosinusitis and bronchitis, and recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections, and some exhibit dextrocardia and/or situs inversus (Guo et al., 2021). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia, see CILD1 (244400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841244">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1849976"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 85</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1849976</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-85 (SPGF85) is characterized by male infertility due to globozoospermia and reduced progressive motility (Chen et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1849976">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1852637"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 87</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1852637</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882687</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-87 (SPGF87) is characterized by male infertility, with total fertilization failure due to inability of mutant sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida. Infertility can be rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection without assisted oocyte activation (Hua et al., 2023). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1852637">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1845113"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 88</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845113</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882706</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-88 (SPGF88) is characterized by male infertility due to prepachytene meiotic arrest (Wu et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845113">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847370"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 86</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847370</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882755</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-86 (SPGF86) is characterized by male infertility due to acrosomal defects of the spermatozoa, resulting in oocyte activation deficiency and fertilization failure. Some oocytes exhibit early embryonic arrest after successful fertilization with patient sperm using assisted reproductive technology (Xin et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847370">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1858665"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure, x-linked, 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1858665</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked spermatogenic failure-8 (SPGFX8) is characterized by male infertility associated with markedly reduced progressive sperm motility. Patient sperm show head and midpiece defects, with deformed and detached acrosomes (Schneider et al., 2023; Jin et al., 2024). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1858665">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1853928"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 90</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1853928</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935587</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-90 (SPGF90) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenozoospermia, in which progressive motility of sperm is markedly reduced. This form of infertility can be rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (Liu et al., 2023). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1853928">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1862682"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 91</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1862682</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935623</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-91 (SPGF91) is characterized by male infertility due to teratozoospermia. Patient sperm show defects of the head, including a misshapen rounded head and detachment of the acrosome, and the sperm fail to attach to the zona pellucida of the egg. Pregnancy can be achieved using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (Oud et al., 2020; Fan et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1862682">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1856349"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 92</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1856349</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935625</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-92 (SPGF92) is characterized by male infertility due to asthenozoospermia. Despite markedly reduced progressive motility, sperm morphology may appear normal on light microscopy, or show short or irregular-caliber flagella. Ultrastructural analysis of axonemal cross-sections reveals defects of the radial spokes and doublet microtubules (Li et al., 2023; Hwang et al., 2023). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1856349">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1857096"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 93</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1857096</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935626</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-93 (SPGF93) is characterized by male infertility due to markedly reduced progressive motility caused by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) (Ma et al., 2021). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1857096">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1855064"><div><strong>Spermatogenic failure 94</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1855064</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935627</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spermatogenic failure-94 (SPGF94) is characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF), including irregularly shaped, short, absent, coiled, and multiple tails. Progressive motility of spermatozoa is markedly reduced (Muronova et al., 2024). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of spermatogenic failure, see SPGF1 (258150).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1855064">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373370" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 32</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779119" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Azoospermia, obstructive, with nephrolithiasis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1393107" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 36, X-linked</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1714988" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 45</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824064" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 49, without situs inversus</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (121)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841109" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 50</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841244" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 51</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98021" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_41393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cystic fibrosis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_370197" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deafness-infertility syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_483333" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fanconi anemia complementation group A</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96048" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Globozoospermia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794282" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1717772" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Heterotaxy, visceral, 9, autosomal, with male infertility</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Infertility associated with multi-tailed spermatozoa and excessive DNA</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646059" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kartagener syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephropathic cystinosis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1638960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140793" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oligosynaptic infertility</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462486" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary ciliary dyskinesia 14</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_762331" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary ciliary dyskinesia 18</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_762332" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary ciliary dyskinesia 19</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934689" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary ciliary dyskinesia 34</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390990" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary ciliary dyskinesia 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766707" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 10</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 11</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862886" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 13</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862891" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 14</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934746" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 15</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934641" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 16</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934633" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 17</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 18</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1614356" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 19</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400056" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1621256" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 20</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617056" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 21</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1618089" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 22</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1626589" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 23</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646677" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 25</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1644751" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 26</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1634748" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 27</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648494" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 28</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648499" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 29</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648302" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648394" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 30</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648419" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 31</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648444" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 32</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648473" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 33</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648297" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 34</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1679765" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 35</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1678385" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 36</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1677534" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 37</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1680356" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 38</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684778" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 39</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_68568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684662" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 40</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684739" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 41</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684744" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 42</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684830" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 43</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1750188" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 44</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1776221" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 45</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1726728" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 46</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1721477" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 47</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1761843" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 48</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1742668" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 49</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1785685" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 52</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1787013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 53</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782493" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 54</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1781781" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 55</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794188" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 56</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794198" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 57</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794218" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 58</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794244" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 59</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794245" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 60</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794258" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 61</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794259" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 62</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794265" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 63</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794272" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 64</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794277" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 65</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1806298" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 66</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804099" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 67</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1812032" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 68</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1811285" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 69</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414478" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809945" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 70</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801153" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 71</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1803118" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 72</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801127" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 73</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1812069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 74</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 75</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824009" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 76</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824018" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 77</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824049" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 78</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824063" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 79</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824074" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 80</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 81</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841104" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 82</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841106" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 83</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841198" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 84</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1849976" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 85</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1847370" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 86</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1852637" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 87</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1845113" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 88</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462757" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1853928" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 90</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1862682" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 91</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1856349" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 92</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1857096" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 93</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1855064" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure 94</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_374322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1784059" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804024" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840194" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 5</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840198" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840203" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1858665" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, x-linked, 8</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1634798" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, Y-linked, 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_326394" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failure, Y-linked, 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1747507" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spermatogenic failures 50</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934782" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vas deferens, congenital bilateral aplasia of, X-linked</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32399992">Obesity and male infertility: Mechanisms and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leisegang K,
|
||
Sengupta P,
|
||
Agarwal A,
|
||
Henkel R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Andrologia</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;53(1):e13617.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 12
|
||
doi: 10.1111/and.13617.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32399992" target="_blank">32399992</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32241672">Diagnosis and hormonal treatment of male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zambrano Serrano CA,
|
||
Carvajal Obando A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)</span>
|
||
2020 Jun;44(5):321-327.
|
||
Epub 2020 Mar 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.10.013.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32241672" target="_blank">32241672</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30134082">European Academy of Andrology guideline Management of oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Colpi GM,
|
||
Francavilla S,
|
||
Haidl G,
|
||
Link K,
|
||
Behre HM,
|
||
Goulis DG,
|
||
Krausz C,
|
||
Giwercman A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Andrology</span>
|
||
2018 Jul;6(4):513-524.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/andr.12502.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30134082" target="_blank">30134082</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22male%20infertility%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (608)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35939554">Treating male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Taitson PF,
|
||
Mourthé A Filho,
|
||
Rodrigues LMF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JBRA Assist Reprod</span>
|
||
2022 Aug 8;17(6):351-352.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35939554" target="_blank">35939554</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35269682">Diet and Male Fertility: The Impact of Nutrients and Antioxidants on Sperm Energetic Metabolism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ferramosca A,
|
||
Zara V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
|
||
2022 Feb 25;23(5)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/ijms23052542.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35269682" target="_blank">35269682</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8910394" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30316415">Male infertility as a window to health.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choy JT,
|
||
Eisenberg ML</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
|
||
2018 Oct;110(5):810-814.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30316415" target="_blank">30316415</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28675168">Varicocele and male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jensen CFS,
|
||
Østergren P,
|
||
Dupree JM,
|
||
Ohl DA,
|
||
Sønksen J,
|
||
Fode M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
|
||
2017 Sep;14(9):523-533.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jul 4
|
||
doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.98.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28675168" target="_blank">28675168</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28658714">Male Infertility and Risk of Cancer.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rogers MJ,
|
||
Walsh TJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Reprod Med</span>
|
||
2017 May;35(3):298-303.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jun 28
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1603583.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28658714" target="_blank">28658714</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8158)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37709866">Male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eisenberg ML,
|
||
Esteves SC,
|
||
Lamb DJ,
|
||
Hotaling JM,
|
||
Giwercman A,
|
||
Hwang K,
|
||
Cheng YS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
|
||
2023 Sep 14;9(1):49.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00459-w.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37709866" target="_blank">37709866</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33295608">Male infertility due to testicular disorders.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma A,
|
||
Minhas S,
|
||
Dhillo WS,
|
||
Jayasena CN</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2021 Jan 23;106(2):e442-e459.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33295608" target="_blank">33295608</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7823320" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29622783">Genetics of male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Krausz C,
|
||
Riera-Escamilla A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
|
||
2018 Jun;15(6):369-384.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/s41585-018-0003-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29622783" target="_blank">29622783</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27734725">Male infertility: an overview of causes and treatment options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leaver RB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Nurs</span>
|
||
2016 Oct 13;25(18):S35-S40.
|
||
doi: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.18.S35.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27734725" target="_blank">27734725</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9074589">Male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Kretser DM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
1997 Mar 15;349(9054):787-90.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)08341-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9074589" target="_blank">9074589</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5755)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37893487">Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: The Protective Role of Antioxidants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaltsas A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicina (Kaunas)</span>
|
||
2023 Oct 4;59(10)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/medicina59101769.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37893487" target="_blank">37893487</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10608597" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34289935">Male vitamin D status and male factor infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Banks N,
|
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Sun F,
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Krawetz SA,
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Coward RM,
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Masson P,
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Smith JF,
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Trussell JC,
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Santoro N,
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Zhang H,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
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2021 Oct;116(4):973-979.
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Epub 2021 Jul 18
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34289935" target="_blank">34289935</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8561776" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32241672">Diagnosis and hormonal treatment of male infertility.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zambrano Serrano CA,
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Carvajal Obando A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)</span>
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2020 Jun;44(5):321-327.
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Epub 2020 Mar 30
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32241672" target="_blank">32241672</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29729871">Sports-related Male Infertility.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hwang K,
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Guo D</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Urol Focus</span>
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2019 Nov;5(6):1143-1145.
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Epub 2018 May 3
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29729871" target="_blank">29729871</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12126838">Female subfertility.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Evers JL</span><br />
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2002 Jul 13;360(9327):151-9.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12126838" target="_blank">12126838</a></div>
|
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4200)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36100661">Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burke ND,
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Nixon B,
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Roman SD,
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Schjenken JE,
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Walters JLH,
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Aitken RJ,
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Bromfield EG</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
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2022 Dec;19(12):727-750.
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Epub 2022 Sep 13
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doi: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36100661" target="_blank">36100661</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29555319">Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vander Borght M,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Biochem</span>
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2018 Dec;62:2-10.
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Epub 2018 Mar 16
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doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29555319" target="_blank">29555319</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27589079">Long-Term Follow-Up after Treatment of Cryptorchidism.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thorup J,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr Surg</span>
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2016 Oct;26(5):427-431.
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Epub 2016 Sep 2
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doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1592138.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27589079" target="_blank">27589079</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26582516">Male Reproductive Disorders and Fertility Trends: Influences of Environment and Genetic Susceptibility.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skakkebaek NE,
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Rajpert-De Meyts E,
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Buck Louis GM,
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Toppari J,
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Andersson AM,
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Eisenberg ML,
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Jensen TK,
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Jørgensen N,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21570614">Testicular cancer survivorship.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gilligan T</span><br />
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2011 Jun;25(3):627-39, x.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21570614" target="_blank">21570614</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2806)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36329891">The efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of male infertility: A literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Feng J,
|
||
He H,
|
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Wang Y,
|
||
Zhang X,
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||
Zhang X,
|
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Zhang T,
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Zhu M,
|
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Wu X,
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Zhang Y</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
|
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2022;13:1009537.
|
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Epub 2022 Oct 18
|
||
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1009537.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36329891" target="_blank">36329891</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9624472" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32241672">Diagnosis and hormonal treatment of male infertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zambrano Serrano CA,
|
||
Carvajal Obando A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed)</span>
|
||
2020 Jun;44(5):321-327.
|
||
Epub 2020 Mar 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.10.013.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32241672" target="_blank">32241672</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31296604">Investigation and management of subfertility.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thurston L,
|
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Abbara A,
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Dhillo WS</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Pathol</span>
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2019 Sep;72(9):579-587.
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Epub 2019 Jul 11
|
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doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205579.
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31296604" target="_blank">31296604</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30316415">Male infertility as a window to health.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choy JT,
|
||
Eisenberg ML</span><br />
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||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
|
||
2018 Oct;110(5):810-814.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30316415" target="_blank">30316415</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22249183">Male factor infertility in 2011: semen quality, sperm selection and hematospermia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kilchevsky A,
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Honig S</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
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2012 Jan 17;9(2):68-70.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.234.
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22249183" target="_blank">22249183</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4977)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37839720">The impact of obesity and metabolic health on male fertility: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Service CA,
|
||
Puri D,
|
||
Al Azzawi S,
|
||
Hsieh TC,
|
||
Patel DP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;120(6):1098-1111.
|
||
Epub 2023 Oct 14
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.10.017.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37839720" target="_blank">37839720</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36680549">Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huijben M,
|
||
Huijsmans RLN,
|
||
Lock MTWT,
|
||
de Kemp VF,
|
||
de Kort LMO,
|
||
van Breda JHMK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Andrology</span>
|
||
2023 Sep;11(6):987-996.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jan 29
|
||
doi: 10.1111/andr.13388.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36680549" target="_blank">36680549</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36377604">Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of samples collected globally in the 20th and 21st centuries.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Levine H,
|
||
Jørgensen N,
|
||
Martino-Andrade A,
|
||
Mendiola J,
|
||
Weksler-Derri D,
|
||
Jolles M,
|
||
Pinotti R,
|
||
Swan SH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Reprod Update</span>
|
||
2023 Mar 1;29(2):157-176.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac035.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36377604" target="_blank">36377604</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31301048">Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Consequences for Reproduction.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simon L,
|
||
Emery B,
|
||
Carrell DT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
|
||
2019;1166:87-105.
|
||
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-21664-1_6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31301048" target="_blank">31301048</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30916627">Cannabis and Male Fertility: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Payne KS,
|
||
Mazur DJ,
|
||
Hotaling JM,
|
||
Pastuszak AW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
|
||
2019 Oct;202(4):674-681.
|
||
Epub 2019 Sep 6
|
||
doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000248.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30916627" target="_blank">30916627</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7385722" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%20infertility%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (374)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
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|
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|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
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<div>
|
||
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (14)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A3%5F23" target="_blank">FISH-interphase (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A1%5F3" target="_blank">Immunohistochemistry (4)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (11)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0021364%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (21)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Male%20infertility" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22male%20infertility%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Male%20infertility%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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