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<!--
UID=5795
ConceptID=C0021361
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Female infertility</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5795</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0021361</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Female Infertility; Infertility, Female</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Female infertility (6738008)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0008222">HP:0008222</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0021124" target="_blank">MONDO:0021124</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Infertility in a woman. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Female infertility</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155422" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genital system">Abnormality of the genital system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892582" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of reproductive system physiology">Abnormality of reproductive system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/452706" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased fertility">Decreased fertility</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57728" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased fertility in females">Decreased fertility in females</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Female infertility</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_66312"><div><strong>Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66312</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220663</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is defined by a complex eyelid malformation characterized by four major features, all present at birth: blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus. BPES type I includes the four major features and primary ovarian insufficiency; BPES type II includes only the four major features. Other ophthalmic manifestations that can be associated with BPES include dysplastic eyelids, lacrimal duct anomalies, strabismus, refractive errors, and amblyopia. Other craniofacial features may include a broad nasal bridge and low-set ears.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66312">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337159"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337159</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845105</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any primary ovarian failure in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the POF1B gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337159">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337889"><div><strong>Progesterone resistance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337889</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Progesterone prepares the endometrium for blastocyst implantation and allows maintenance of pregnancy. The major sources of progesterone are the corpus luteum during the second half of the menstrual cycle and at the beginning of pregnancy, and the placenta. The main hormones responsible for stimulation of progesterone secretion are luteinizing hormone (LH) for the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle and chorionic gonadotropin for the corpus luteum of pregnancy. Complete end-organ resistance to progesterone would be incompatible with reproductive competence in females. Males would not be expected to be affected since progesterone has no known function in men. Failure of the uterus to respond to progesterone would lead to the development of a 'constantly proliferative' endometrium incompatible with blastocyst implantation. Partial resistance to progesterone, on the other hand, would be expected to be associated with various degrees of incomplete maturation of the endometrium, perhaps expressed clinically as infertility or early abortions. The syndrome would present with the clinical and histologic picture of a luteal phase defect in which the life span of the corpus luteum and the plasma progesterone concentrations would be normal or elevated.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337889">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394115"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394115</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676742</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any primary ovarian failure in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FIGLA gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394115">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482101"><div><strong>Ovarian dysgenesis 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280471</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any 46 XX gonadal dysgenesis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSMC3IP gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482101">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862728"><div><strong>Female infertility due to zona pellucida defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862728</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014291</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Female infertility due to zona pellucida defect is a rare, genetic, female infertility disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal oocytes that lack a zona pellucida. Affected individuals are unable to conceive despite having normal menstrual cycles and sex hormone levels, as well as no obstructions in the fallopian tubes or defects of the uterus or adnexa.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862728">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_896351"><div><strong>Preimplantation embryonic lethality 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896351</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225197</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Maternal genes play a critical role in the very early stages of embryonic development because of the lag in transcribing genes derived from the male pronucleus. TLE6 mutations are a rare cause of human female-limited fertility and appear to represent the earliest known human embryonic lethality that is due to a single gene mutation. In affected women, ovulation proceeds normally and the retrieved oocytes appear normal, but zygote formation is severely impaired (Alazami et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896351">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903836"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903836</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225210</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-2 (OZEMA2) is characterized by female infertility due to oocyte maturation arrest with various meiotic spindle defects. Oocytes that can be fertilized result in embryos that become arrested at an early stage (Feng et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903836">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1393321"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1393321</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4479510</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-13 (POF13) is characterized by female infertility due to secondary amenorrhea in the third decade of life. Patients exhibit atrophic ovaries devoid of follicles (Guo et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1393321">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1615746"><div><strong>Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1615746</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4539798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1615746">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617317"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617317</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-3 (OZEMA3) is characterized by infertility, caused by absence of the zona pellucida that results in degeneration of oocytes and 'empty follicle syndrome' on in vitro fertilization procedures (Chen et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617317">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1616340"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1616340</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540284</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte maturation defects due to mutation in PATL2 show phenotypic variability, with some oocytes exhibiting maturation arrest at the germinal vesicle stage and others at the metaphase I stage. In some patients, a few oocytes progress to polar body I; those oocytes either undergo fertilization failure or, in those that are fertilized, early embryonic arrest (Chen et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1616340">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1644330"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644330</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693865</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Gene or Genome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-5 (OZEMA5) is characterized by female infertility due to inability of the oocyte to exit metaphase II, resulting in fertilization failure (Sang et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1645317"><div><strong>Familial hyperprolactinemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1645317</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4706551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic endocrine disorder characterized by persistently high prolactin serum levels (not associated with gestation, puerperium, drug intake or pituitary tumor) in multiple affected family members. Clinically it manifests with signs usually observed in hyperprolactinemia, which are: secondary medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-negative amenorrhea and galactorrhea in female patients, and hypogonadism and decreased testosterone level-driven sexual disfunction in male patients. Oligomenorrhea and primary infertility have also been reported in some female patients.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1645317">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682649"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682649</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193047</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-6 (OZEMA6) is characterized by primary infertility due to defective sperm-binding to an abnormally thin zona pellucida (ZP) in patient oocytes. Successful pregnancy may be achieved by intracytoplasmic sperm injection in these patients (Dai et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682649">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1677775"><div><strong>Hydatidiform mole, recurrent, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1677775</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193093</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hydatidiform mole is a human pregnancy with abnormal or no embryonic development and excessive trophoblastic proliferation. Partial hydatidiform moles have a triploid dispermic genome, with 2 sets of paternal chromosomes and 1 set of maternal chromosomes; complete hydatidiform moles have a diploid androgenetic genome with all chromosomes originating from 1 (monospermic) or 2 (dispermic) sperms, and no maternal chromosomes (summary by Nguyen et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of recurrent hydatidiform mole, see HYDM1 (231090).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1677775">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1677210"><div><strong>Hydatidiform mole, recurrent, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1677210</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193094</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hydatidiform mole is a human pregnancy with abnormal or no embryonic development and excessive trophoblastic proliferation. Partial hydatidiform moles have a triploid dispermic genome, with 2 sets of paternal chromosomes and 1 set of maternal chromosomes; complete hydatidiform moles have a diploid androgenetic genome with all chromosomes originating from 1 (monospermic) or 2 (dispermic) sperms, and no maternal chromosomes (summary by Nguyen et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of recurrent hydatidiform mole, see HYDM1 (231090).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1677210">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684736"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684736</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231407</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-7 (OZEMA7) is characterized by infertility due to oocyte death, which may occur before or after fertilization (Sang et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684736">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1776094"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1776094</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-8 (OZEMA8) is characterized by female infertility due to failure of the fertilized ovum to undergo zygotic cleavage (Zheng et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1776094">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1724427"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1724427</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436599</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-9 (OZEMA9) is characterized by female infertility due to oocyte meiotic arrest at metaphase I in most patients. Abnormal zygotic cleavage has also been observed (Zhang et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1724427">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1766720"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1766720</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436938</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-10 (OZEMA10) is characterized by high rates of abnormal fertilization of mature oocytes, with development of multiple pronuclei or absent pronucleus. Morphologically normal zygotes often undergo early embryonic arrest, and surviving embryos fail to establish a successful pregnancy after implantation (Wang et al., 2020).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1766720">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779702"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543229</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-19 (POF19) is characterized by irregular menses that cease in the third decade of life, associated with infertility (Felipe-Medina et al., 2020).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779702">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794190"><div><strong>Muscular dystrophy, congenital hearing loss, and ovarian insufficiency syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794190</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561980</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Muscular dystrophy, congenital hearing loss, and ovarian insufficiency syndrome (MDHLO) is an autosomal recessive systemic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, and endocrine abnormalities, mainly primary amenorrhea due to ovarian insufficiency. Features of the disorder appear soon after birth, although endocrine anomalies are not noted until puberty. The severity of the phenotype is variable: some patients may lose ambulation and have significant respiratory insufficiency, whereas others retain the ability to walk (Foley et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794190">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794243"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794243</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562033</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-11 (OZEMA11) is characterized by reduced or absent fertility and poor embryonic outcomes with assisted reproductive technology. Oocytes with multiple sperm heads and multiple pronuclei have been observed after overnight in vitro fertilization (Maddirevula et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794243">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794273"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562063</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-12 (OZEMA12) is characterized by female infertility due to early embryonic arrest (Wang et al., 2021).&#13; Mutation in the FBXO43 gene can also cause male infertility due to spermatogenic failure (see SPGF64, 619696).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794273">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1808256"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1808256</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5677011</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-20 (POF20) is characterized by female infertility due to secondary amenorrhea. Some patients exhibit atrophic ovaries lacking follicles (Carlosama et al., 2017; Akbari et al., 2021; Wyrwoll et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of POF, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1808256">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824041"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824041</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774268</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-13 (OZEMA13) is characterized by female infertility due to recurrent preimplantation embryonic arrest (Zheng et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824041">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840962"><div><strong>Oocyte maturation defect 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830326</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-14 (OZEMA14) is characterized by female infertility due to oocyte maturation arrest, fertilization failure, and/or early embryonic arrest. The rare fertilized embryos that are transferred to the uterus fail to establish pregnancy after transfer (Zhao et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2021, Huang et al., 2021, Xu et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840962">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841054"><div><strong>Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841054</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830418</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-17 (OZEMA17) is characterized by female infertility due to arrest of the embryo after the first rounds of cleavage or failure to establish pregnancy after implantation (Wang et al., 2023).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841054">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841077"><div><strong>Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841077</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830441</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-18 (OZEMA18) is characterized by female infertility due to early embryonic arrest. Most oocytes can be fertilized and begin cleavage, but very few viable embryos are obtained and most fail to establish pregnancy (Mu et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841077">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841078"><div><strong>Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830442</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-19 (OZEMA19) is characterized by female infertility due to oocyte maturation arrest and early embryonic arrest. Oocyte arrest at the germinal vesicle stage has been observed. In other patients, most oocytes can be fertilized and begin cleavage, but they undergo maturation arrest at the 2- to 7-cell stage on day 3 (Mu et al., 2019; Huang et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841175"><div><strong>Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841175</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830539</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-20 (OZEMA20) is characterized by early embryonic arrest with fragmentation. Extrusion of a large polar body 1 is observed in some patients (Zhang et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841175">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1849005"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 22</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1849005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882707</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-22 (POF22) is characterized by female infertility, with small to atrophic ovaries and no visible ovarian follicles (Wu et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1849005">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1845812"><div><strong>Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 21</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845812</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882722</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest-21 (OZEMA21) is characterized by female infertility caused by zygote arrest due to pronuclei fusion failure (Zhang et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OZEMA, see 615774.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845812">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1845723"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845723</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882747</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-23 (POF23) is characterized by female infertility due to reduction of ovarian reserve. After normal menarche, patients experience oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea (Caburet et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845723">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1858807"><div><strong>Premature ovarian failure 24</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1858807</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935624</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Premature ovarian failure-24 (POF24) is characterized by the development of secondary amenorrhea in the fourth decade of life, with a dearth of antral follicles detected on ultrasound. Patients may experience subfertility or infertility (He et al., 2021).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure, see POF1 (311360).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1858807">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_66312" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1615746" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 37</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1645317" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hyperprolactinemia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862728" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Female infertility due to zona pellucida defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1677775" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydatidiform mole, recurrent, 3</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (36)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1677210" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hydatidiform mole, recurrent, 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794190" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscular dystrophy, congenital hearing loss, and ovarian insufficiency syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1766720" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 10</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794243" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824041" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 14</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903836" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617317" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1616340" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1644330" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1682649" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684736" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1776094" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1724427" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte maturation defect 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841054" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 17</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841077" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 19</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841175" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 20</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1845812" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 21</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ovarian dysgenesis 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_896351" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Preimplantation embryonic lethality 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1393321" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779702" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 19</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1808256" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 20</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1849005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 22</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1845723" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 23</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1858807" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 24</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337159" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 2B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394115" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Premature ovarian failure 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337889" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progesterone resistance</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38325734">Guideline No. 447: Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Polyps.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bougie O,
Randle E,
Thurston J,
Magee B,
Warshafsky C,
Rittenberg D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Can</span>
2024 Mar;46(3):102402.
Epub 2024 Feb 5
doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102402.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38325734" target="_blank">38325734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37327165">Infertility: Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phillips K,
Olanrewaju RA,
Omole F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2023 Jun;107(6):623-630.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37327165" target="_blank">37327165</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35565885">Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fabozzi G,
Verdone G,
Allori M,
Cimadomo D,
Tatone C,
Stuppia L,
Franzago M,
Ubaldi N,
Vaiarelli A,
Ubaldi FM,
Rienzi L,
Gennarelli G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2022 May 3;14(9)
doi: 10.3390/nu14091918.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35565885" target="_blank">35565885</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9105997" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22female%20infertility%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (155)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37327165">Infertility: Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phillips K,
Olanrewaju RA,
Omole F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2023 Jun;107(6):623-630.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37327165" target="_blank">37327165</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35721757">Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bucci I,
Giuliani C,
Di Dalmazi G,
Formoso G,
Napolitano G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)</span>
2022;13:768363.
Epub 2022 May 26
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.768363.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35721757" target="_blank">35721757</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9204244" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32748224">Environment, Lifestyle, and Female Infertility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bala R,
Singh V,
Rajender S,
Singh K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Reprod Sci</span>
2021 Mar;28(3):617-638.
Epub 2020 Aug 3
doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00279-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32748224" target="_blank">32748224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29555319">Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vander Borght M,
Wyns C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Biochem</span>
2018 Dec;62:2-10.
Epub 2018 Mar 16
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29555319" target="_blank">29555319</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27817040">Female infertility, infertility-associated diagnoses, and comorbidities: a review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hanson B,
Johnstone E,
Dorais J,
Silver B,
Peterson CM,
Hotaling J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Assist Reprod Genet</span>
2017 Feb;34(2):167-177.
Epub 2016 Nov 5
doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0836-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27817040" target="_blank">27817040</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5306404" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11435)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37327165">Infertility: Evaluation and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Phillips K,
Olanrewaju RA,
Omole F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2023 Jun;107(6):623-630.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37327165" target="_blank">37327165</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35100616">Evaluation of Female Fertility-AMH and Ovarian Reserve Testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cedars MI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2022 May 17;107(6):1510-1519.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35100616" target="_blank">35100616</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32748224">Environment, Lifestyle, and Female Infertility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bala R,
Singh V,
Rajender S,
Singh K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Reprod Sci</span>
2021 Mar;28(3):617-638.
Epub 2020 Aug 3
doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00279-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32748224" target="_blank">32748224</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29555319">Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vander Borght M,
Wyns C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Biochem</span>
2018 Dec;62:2-10.
Epub 2018 Mar 16
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29555319" target="_blank">29555319</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27817040">Female infertility, infertility-associated diagnoses, and comorbidities: a review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hanson B,
Johnstone E,
Dorais J,
Silver B,
Peterson CM,
Hotaling J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Assist Reprod Genet</span>
2017 Feb;34(2):167-177.
Epub 2016 Nov 5
doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0836-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27817040" target="_blank">27817040</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5306404" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7155)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29946210">The relationship between stress and infertility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rooney KL,
Domar AD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dialogues Clin Neurosci</span>
2018 Mar;20(1):41-47.
doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.1/klrooney.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29946210" target="_blank">29946210</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6016043" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29889977">Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tanbo T,
Mellembakken J,
Bjercke S,
Ring E,
Åbyholm T,
Fedorcsak P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand</span>
2018 Oct;97(10):1162-1167.
Epub 2018 Jul 24
doi: 10.1111/aogs.13395.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29889977" target="_blank">29889977</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29103894">Robot-assisted myomectomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lonnerfors C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2018 Jan;46:113-119.
Epub 2017 Sep 29
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.09.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29103894" target="_blank">29103894</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12126838">Female subfertility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Evers JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2002 Jul 13;360(9327):151-9.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09417-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12126838" target="_blank">12126838</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10718102">Ganirelix.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gillies PS,
Faulds D,
Balfour JA,
Perry CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs</span>
2000 Jan;59(1):107-11; discussion 112-3.
doi: 10.2165/00003495-200059010-00007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10718102" target="_blank">10718102</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8519)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30063086">Infertility after abdominal trachelectomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Egashira K,
Hiasa K,
Yokota N,
Kawamura T,
Matsushita T,
Okugawa K,
Yahata H,
Sonoda K,
Kato K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand</span>
2018 Nov;97(11):1358-1364.
Epub 2018 Aug 28
doi: 10.1111/aogs.13429.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30063086" target="_blank">30063086</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29555319">Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vander Borght M,
Wyns C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Biochem</span>
2018 Dec;62:2-10.
Epub 2018 Mar 16
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29555319" target="_blank">29555319</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24472708">Are we overusing IVF?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kamphuis EI,
Bhattacharya S,
van der Veen F,
Mol BW,
Templeton A;
Evidence Based IVF Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2014 Jan 28;348:g252.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.g252.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24472708" target="_blank">24472708</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11389267">Unnatural selection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Silverman WA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
2001 Jun;107(6):1421-2.
doi: 10.1542/peds.107.6.1421.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11389267" target="_blank">11389267</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8154718">Estimating the incidence and prevalence and analyzing the correlates of infertility and sterility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Menken J,
Larsen U</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann N Y Acad Sci</span>
1994 Feb 18;709:249-65.
doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30414.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8154718" target="_blank">8154718</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3986)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37828472">Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and infertility in reproductive-aged females.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xia W,
Cai Y,
Zhang S,
Wu S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Public Health</span>
2023 Oct 12;23(1):1985.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16813-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37828472" target="_blank">37828472</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10568938" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34607703">Fertility evaluation of infertile women: a committee opinion.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Electronic address: asrm@asrm.org;
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2021 Nov;116(5):1255-1265.
Epub 2021 Oct 2
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.038.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34607703" target="_blank">34607703</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33827766">Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Practice Committees of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2021 Jun;115(6):1416-1423.
Epub 2021 Apr 4
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33827766" target="_blank">33827766</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31296604">Investigation and management of subfertility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thurston L,
Abbara A,
Dhillo WS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Pathol</span>
2019 Sep;72(9):579-587.
Epub 2019 Jul 11
doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205579.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31296604" target="_blank">31296604</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27235766">Uterine septum: a guideline.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Electronic address: ASRM@asrm.org;
Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2016 Sep 1;106(3):530-40.
Epub 2016 May 25
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27235766" target="_blank">27235766</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5325)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35576969">The Correlation between Chlamydia Trachomatis and Female Infertility: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Passos LG,
Terraciano P,
Wolf N,
Oliveira FDS,
Almeida I,
Passos EP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet</span>
2022 Jun;44(6):614-620.
Epub 2022 May 16
doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1748023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35576969" target="_blank">35576969</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9948125" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35345070">A systematic review on the prevalence of endometriosis in women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moradi Y,
Shams-Beyranvand M,
Khateri S,
Gharahjeh S,
Tehrani S,
Varse F,
Tiyuri A,
Najmi Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Med Res</span>
2021 Mar;154(3):446-454.
doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_817_18.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35345070" target="_blank">35345070</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9131783" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33903032">Fibroids and natural fertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Somigliana E,
Reschini M,
Bonanni V,
Busnelli A,
Li Piani L,
Vercellini P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Reprod Biomed Online</span>
2021 Jul;43(1):100-110.
Epub 2021 Mar 23
doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.03.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33903032" target="_blank">33903032</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32106991">Interventions for endometriosis-related infertility: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hodgson RM,
Lee HL,
Wang R,
Mol BW,
Johnson N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2020 Feb;113(2):374-382.e2.
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.031.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32106991" target="_blank">32106991</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18339376">Fibroids and infertility: an updated systematic review of the evidence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pritts EA,
Parker WH,
Olive DL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2009 Apr;91(4):1215-23.
Epub 2008 Mar 12
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.051.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18339376" target="_blank">18339376</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%20infertility%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (597)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Female%20infertility" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22female%20infertility%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Female%20infertility%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Female%20infertility" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Female%20infertility" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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