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<meta name="keywords" content="C0151516, disease or syndrome, hypoplasia of thyroid, hypoplasia, thyroid, hypoplastic thyroid, small thyroid gland, thyroid hypoplasia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Developmental hypoplasia of the thyroid gland." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=57720
ConceptID=C0151516
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Thyroid hypoplasia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57720</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151516</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Hypoplasia, Thyroid; Thyroid Hypoplasia</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Hypoplasia of thyroid (367524008)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_988794"><div><strong>Not genetically inherited</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>988794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">clinical entity without genetic inheritance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/988794">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_988794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Not genetically inherited</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005990">HP:0005990</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019861" target="_blank">MONDO:0019861</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/218700" target="_blank">218700</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=95720">ORPHA95720</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Developmental hypoplasia of the thyroid gland. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=57720" target="_blank" href="/omim/218700">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Thyroid hypoplasia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/893021" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the endocrine system">Abnormality of the endocrine system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1378579" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the thyroid gland">Abnormality of the thyroid gland</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868790" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal thyroid morphology">Abnormal thyroid morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1769718" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thyroid gland</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Thyroid hypoplasia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=12675&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Thyroid hypoplasia</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82697"><div><strong>Child syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82697</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">NSDHL-related disorders include CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) syndrome, an X-linked disorder that is usually male lethal during gestation and thus predominantly affects females; and CK syndrome, an X-linked disorder that affects males. CHILD syndrome is characterized by unilateral distribution of ichthyosiform skin lesions and ipsilateral limb defects that range from shortening of the metacarpals and phalanges to absence of the entire limb. Intellect is usually normal. The ichthyosiform skin lesions are usually present at birth or in the first weeks of life; new lesions can develop in later life. Onychodystrophy and periungual hyperkeratosis are common. Heart, lung, and kidney malformations can also occur. CK syndrome is characterized by mild-to-severe cognitive impairment and behavior problems (aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and irritability). All reported affected males have developed seizures in infancy and have cerebral cortical malformations and microcephaly. All have distinctive facial features, a thin habitus, and relatively long, thin fingers and toes. Some have scoliosis and kyphosis. Strabismus is common. Optic atrophy is also reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82697">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358389"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358389</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1869118</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to develop or function properly. In 80 to 85 percent of cases, the thyroid gland is absent, severely reduced in size (hypoplastic), or abnormally located. These cases are classified as thyroid dysgenesis. In the remainder of cases, a normal-sized or enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) is present, but production of thyroid hormones is decreased or absent. Most of these cases occur when one of several steps in the hormone synthesis process is impaired; these cases are classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Less commonly, reduction or absence of thyroid hormone production is caused by impaired stimulation of the production process (which is normally done by a structure at the base of the brain called the pituitary gland), even though the process itself is unimpaired. These cases are classified as central (or pituitary) hypothyroidism.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism can also occur as part of syndromes that affect other organs and tissues in the body. These forms of the condition are described as syndromic. Some common forms of syndromic hypothyroidism include Pendred syndrome, Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, and brain-lung-thyroid syndrome.\n\nSigns and symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism result from the shortage of thyroid hormones. Affected babies may show no features of the condition, although some babies with congenital hypothyroidism are less active and sleep more than normal. They may have difficulty feeding and experience constipation. If untreated, congenital hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disability and slow growth. In the United States and many other countries, all hospitals test newborns for congenital hypothyroidism. If treatment begins in the first two weeks after birth, infants usually develop normally.\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism is a partial or complete loss of function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) that affects infants from birth (congenital). The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It makes iodine-containing hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). People with congenital hypothyroidism have lower-than-normal levels of these important hormones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358389">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_388687"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>388687</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673630</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NKX2-5 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/388687">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_487729"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism due to TSH receptor mutations</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>487729</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3493776</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; see 188540), a hallmark of congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism, causes increased levels of plasma TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone. Only a subset of patients develop frank hypothyroidism; the remainder are euthyroid and asymptomatic (so-called compensated hypothyroidism) and are usually detected by neonatal screening programs (Paschke and Ludgate, 1997).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Congenital Nongoitrous Hypothyroidism&#13; Also see CHNG2 (218700), caused by mutation in the PAX8 gene (167415) on chromosome 2q14; CHNG3 (609893), caused by mutation in the STRTS short tandem repeat (620900) on chromosome 15q26.1; CHNG4 (275100), caused by mutation in the TSHB gene (188540) on chromosome 1p13; CHNG5 (225250), caused by mutation in the NKX2-5 gene (600584) on chromosome 5q35; CHNG6 (614450), caused by mutation in the THRA gene (190120) on chromosome 17q21; CHNG7 (618573), caused by mutation in the TRHR gene (188545) on chromosome 8q24; CHNG8 (301033), caused by mutation in the TBL1X gene (300196) on chromosome Xp22; and CHNG9 (301035), caused by mutation in the IRS4 gene (300904) on chromosome Xq22.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/487729">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684807"><div><strong>Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684807</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5231396</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-9 (CHNG9) is characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 (FT4) levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Heinen et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684807">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794184"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794184</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561974</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies (NEDHYDF) is characterized by global developmental delay and hypotonia apparent from birth. Affected individuals have variably impaired intellectual development, often with speech delay and delayed walking. Seizures are generally not observed, although some patients may have single seizures or late-onset epilepsy. Most patients have prominent dysmorphic facial features. Additional features may include congenital cardiac defects (without arrhythmia), nonspecific renal anomalies, joint contractures or joint hyperextensibility, dry skin, and cryptorchidism. There is significant phenotypic variability in both the neurologic and extraneurologic manifestations (summary by Tan et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794184">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1830104"><div><strong>Choanal atresia-athelia-hypothyroidism-delayed puberty-short stature syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1830104</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5680310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Branchial arch abnormalities, choanal atresia, athelia, hearing loss, and hypothyroidism syndrome (BCAHH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by choanal atresia, athelia or hypoplastic nipples, branchial sinus abnormalities, neck pits, lacrimal duct anomalies, hearing loss, external ear malformations, and thyroid abnormalities. Additional features may include developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, and growth failure/retardation (summary by Cuvertino et al., 2020 and Baldridge et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1830104">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82697" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Child syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1830104" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Choanal atresia-athelia-hypothyroidism-delayed puberty-short stature syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_487729" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism due to TSH receptor mutations</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358389" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_388687" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684807" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794184" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36913313">Genetic testing can change diagnosis and treatment in children with congenital hypothyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kara C,
Mammadova J,
Abur Ü,
Gumuskaptan C,
İzci Güllü E,
Dağdemir A,
Aydın M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Thyroid J</span>
2023 Jun 1;12(3)
Epub 2023 Apr 13
doi: 10.1530/ETJ-22-0212.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36913313" target="_blank">36913313</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10160543" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23525719">Imaging criteria for categorizing congenital hypothyroidism into thyroid hypoplasia and dyshormonogenesis subtypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boughattas S,
Abdullah M,
Al Nammi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
2013 Apr;267(1):313-4.
doi: 10.1148/radiol.13121812.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23525719" target="_blank">23525719</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23154162">Current loss-of-function mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene: when to investigate, clinical effects, and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cassio A,
Nicoletti A,
Rizzello A,
Zazzetta E,
Bal M,
Baldazzi L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol</span>
2013;5 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):29-39.
Epub 2012 Nov 15
doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.864.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23154162" target="_blank">23154162</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3608004" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29127763">Thyroid evaluation of children and adolescents with Williams syndrome in Zhejiang Province.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen WJ,
Ji C,
Yao D,
Zhao ZY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2017 Nov 27;30(12):1271-1276.
doi: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29127763" target="_blank">29127763</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28137734">Early thyroxine treatment in Down syndrome and thyroid function later in life.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zwaveling-Soonawala N,
Witteveen ME,
Marchal JP,
Klouwer FCC,
Ikelaar NA,
Smets AMJB,
van Rijn RR,
Endert E,
Fliers E,
van Trotsenburg ASP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
2017 May;176(5):505-513.
Epub 2017 Jan 30
doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0858.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28137734" target="_blank">28137734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26684308">Thyroid dysfunction and developmental anomalies in first degree relatives of children with thyroid dysgenesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sindhuja L,
Dayal D,
Sodhi KS,
Sachdeva N,
Bhattacharya A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Pediatr</span>
2016 May;12(2):215-8.
Epub 2015 Dec 18
doi: 10.1007/s12519-015-0061-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26684308" target="_blank">26684308</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18976153">Clinical and molecular analysis of thyroid hypoplasia: a population-based approach in southern Brazil.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramos HE,
Nesi-França S,
Boldarine VT,
Pereira RM,
Chiamolera MI,
Camacho CP,
Graf H,
de Lacerda L,
Carvalho GA,
Maciel RM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thyroid</span>
2009 Jan;19(1):61-8.
doi: 10.1089/thy.2008.0116.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18976153" target="_blank">18976153</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17684389">Thyroid imaging in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garel C,
Léger J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Dev</span>
2007;10:43-61.
doi: 10.1159/000106819.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17684389" target="_blank">17684389</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (24)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28648507">Resistance to thyrotropin.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grasberger H,
Refetoff S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2017 Mar;31(2):183-194.
Epub 2017 Mar 30
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.03.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28648507" target="_blank">28648507</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5569899" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24629857">Genetics of normal and abnormal thyroid development in humans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Szinnai G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2014 Mar;28(2):133-50.
Epub 2013 Aug 20
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.08.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24629857" target="_blank">24629857</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22570946">Congenital hypothyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abduljabbar MA,
Afifi AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2012;25(1-2):13-29.
doi: 10.1515/jpem.2011.408.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22570946" target="_blank">22570946</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17684389">Thyroid imaging in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garel C,
Léger J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Dev</span>
2007;10:43-61.
doi: 10.1159/000106819.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17684389" target="_blank">17684389</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17274816">Holoprosencephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubourg C,
Bendavid C,
Pasquier L,
Henry C,
Odent S,
David V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2007 Feb 2;2:8.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17274816" target="_blank">17274816</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1802747" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (43)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28137734">Early thyroxine treatment in Down syndrome and thyroid function later in life.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zwaveling-Soonawala N,
Witteveen ME,
Marchal JP,
Klouwer FCC,
Ikelaar NA,
Smets AMJB,
van Rijn RR,
Endert E,
Fliers E,
van Trotsenburg ASP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
2017 May;176(5):505-513.
Epub 2017 Jan 30
doi: 10.1530/EJE-16-0858.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28137734" target="_blank">28137734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25192932">Clinical practice: experience with newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in the Republic of Macedonia - a multiethnic country.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kocova M,
Anastasovska V,
Sukarova-Angelovska E,
Tanaskoska M,
Taseva E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2015 Apr;174(4):443-8.
Epub 2014 Sep 7
doi: 10.1007/s00431-014-2413-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25192932" target="_blank">25192932</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23426615">Congenital hypothyroidism with eutopic thyroid gland: analysis of clinical and biochemical features at diagnosis and after re-evaluation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rabbiosi S,
Vigone MC,
Cortinovis F,
Zamproni I,
Fugazzola L,
Persani L,
Corbetta C,
Chiumello G,
Weber G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2013 Apr;98(4):1395-402.
Epub 2013 Feb 20
doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3174.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23426615" target="_blank">23426615</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19960894">Final diagnosis in children with subclinical hypothyroidism and mutation analysis of the thyroid peroxidase gene (TPO).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Turkkahraman D,
Alper OM,
Aydin F,
Yildiz A,
Pehlivanoglu S,
Luleci G,
Akcurin S,
Bircan I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2009 Sep;22(9):845-51.
doi: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.9.845.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19960894" target="_blank">19960894</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16964962">Analysis of physical and mental development of children with aplasia, hypoplasia and ectopy of the thyroid gland.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pniewska-Siark B,
Jeziorowska A,
Bobeff I,
Lewiński A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Regul</span>
2006 Mar;40(1):7-14.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16964962" target="_blank">16964962</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36913313">Genetic testing can change diagnosis and treatment in children with congenital hypothyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kara C,
Mammadova J,
Abur Ü,
Gumuskaptan C,
İzci Güllü E,
Dağdemir A,
Aydın M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Thyroid J</span>
2023 Jun 1;12(3)
Epub 2023 Apr 13
doi: 10.1530/ETJ-22-0212.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36913313" target="_blank">36913313</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10160543" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28648504">Disorders of thyroid morphogenesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abu-Khudir R,
Larrivée-Vanier S,
Wasserman JD,
Deladoëy J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
2017 Mar;31(2):143-159.
Epub 2017 Apr 21
doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28648504" target="_blank">28648504</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22570946">Congenital hypothyroidism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abduljabbar MA,
Afifi AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2012;25(1-2):13-29.
doi: 10.1515/jpem.2011.408.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22570946" target="_blank">22570946</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17274816">Holoprosencephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubourg C,
Bendavid C,
Pasquier L,
Henry C,
Odent S,
David V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2007 Feb 2;2:8.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17274816" target="_blank">17274816</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1802747" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10102047">Alterations of neonatal thyroid function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grüters A,
Krude H,
Biebermann H,
Liesenkötter KP,
Schöneberg T,
Gudermann T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Paediatr Suppl</span>
1999 Feb;88(428):17-22.
doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14346.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10102047" target="_blank">10102047</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29790453">Thyroid Hypoplasia in Congenital Hypothyroidism Associated with Thyroid Peroxidase Mutations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stoupa A,
Chaabane R,
Guériouz M,
Raynaud-Ravni C,
Nitschke P,
Bole-Feysot C,
Mnif M,
Ammar Keskes L,
Hachicha M,
Belguith N,
Polak M,
Carré A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thyroid</span>
2018 Jul;28(7):941-944.
doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0502.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29790453" target="_blank">29790453</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29127763">Thyroid evaluation of children and adolescents with Williams syndrome in Zhejiang Province.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen WJ,
Ji C,
Yao D,
Zhao ZY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab</span>
2017 Nov 27;30(12):1271-1276.
doi: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0140.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29127763" target="_blank">29127763</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17684389">Thyroid imaging in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garel C,
Léger J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Endocr Dev</span>
2007;10:43-61.
doi: 10.1159/000106819.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17684389" target="_blank">17684389</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17274816">Holoprosencephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubourg C,
Bendavid C,
Pasquier L,
Henry C,
Odent S,
David V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2007 Feb 2;2:8.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17274816" target="_blank">17274816</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1802747" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12119268">Role of the PKA-regulated transcription factor CREB in development and tumorigenesis of endocrine tissues.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosenberg D,
Groussin L,
Jullian E,
Perlemoine K,
Bertagna X,
Bertherat J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann N Y Acad Sci</span>
2002 Jun;968:65-74.
doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04327.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12119268" target="_blank">12119268</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Thyroid%20hypoplasia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (23)</a></div></div>
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