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<meta name="keywords" content="C0162316, anemia, iron deficiency, anemia, iron-deficiency, anemias, iron deficiency, anemias, iron-deficiency, disease or syndrome, ferropenic, ida - iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anaemia, iron deficiency anemia, iron deficiency anemia syndrome, iron deficiency anemias, iron-deficiency anaemia, iron-deficiency anemia, iron-deficiency anemias, sideropenic anemia, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=57668
ConceptID=C0162316
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Iron deficiency anemia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57668</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162316</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Anemia, Iron Deficiency; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anemias, Iron Deficiency; Anemias, Iron-Deficiency; Iron Deficiency Anemia; Iron Deficiency Anemias; Iron-Deficiency Anemia; Iron-Deficiency Anemias</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Iron deficiency anemia (87522002); Sideropenic anemia (87522002); IDA - Iron deficiency anemia (87522002); Iron deficiency anemia syndrome (87522002)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001891">HP:0001891</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0001356" target="_blank">MONDO:0001356</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. [from <a title="NCI Thesaurus" href="http://ncit.nci.nih.gov" class="defSource" target="_blank">NCI</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5194182[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1673948">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5194182[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=1673948">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1673948" ref="ncbi_uid=1673948">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1673948" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1673948&amp;link_uid=1673948" title="View MedGen record for 'Microcytic anemia'">Microcytic anemia</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0014761[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=4530">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=4530" ref="ncbi_uid=4530">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4530" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=4530&amp;link_uid=4530" title="View MedGen record for 'Hemolytic disease of fetus OR newborn due to isoimmunization'">Hemolytic disease of fetus OR newborn due to isoimmunization</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0271901[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=124413">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/124413" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=124413&amp;link_uid=124413" title="View MedGen record for 'Hypochromic microcytic anemia'">Hypochromic microcytic anemia</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2673913[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=388759">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=388759" target="_blank" href="/omim/600523">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/388759" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=388759&amp;link_uid=388759" title="View MedGen record for 'Anemia, hypochromic microcytic with iron overload'">Anemia, hypochromic microcytic with iron overload</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3806153[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=812483">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3806153[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=812483">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=812483" target="_blank" href="/omim/206100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=812483" ref="ncbi_uid=812483">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/812483" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=812483&amp;link_uid=812483" title="View MedGen record for 'Microcytic anemia with liver iron overload'">Microcytic anemia with liver iron overload</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3808920[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815250">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815250" target="_blank" href="/omim/609671">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=815250" ref="ncbi_uid=815250">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815250" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=815250&amp;link_uid=815250" title="View MedGen record for 'Severe congenital hypochromic anemia with ringed sideroblasts'">Severe congenital hypochromic anemia with ringed sideroblasts</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0162316[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=57668">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=57668" ref="ncbi_uid=57668">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Iron deficiency anemia</span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0085576[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=39081">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=39081" target="_blank" href="/omim/206200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=39081" ref="ncbi_uid=39081">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/39081" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=39081&amp;link_uid=39081" title="View MedGen record for 'Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia'">Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163092" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues">Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488883" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal erythrocyte morphology">Abnormal erythrocyte morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1526" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Anemia">Anemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8065" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypochromic anemia">Hypochromic anemia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Iron deficiency anemia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9403"><div><strong>Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9403</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a respiratory disease due to repeated episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage without any underlying apparent cause, most often in children. Anemia, cough, and pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs are found in majority of the patients.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9403">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_18404"><div><strong>Peutz-Jeghers syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18404</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0031269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is characterized by the association of gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and cancer predisposition. PJS-type hamartomatous polyps are most common in the small intestine (in order of prevalence: jejunum, ileum, and duodenum) but can also occur in the stomach, large bowel, and extraintestinal sites including the renal pelvis, bronchus, gall bladder, nasal passages, urinary bladder, and ureters. GI polyps can result in chronic bleeding, anemia, and recurrent obstruction and intussusception requiring repeated laparotomy and bowel resection. Mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation presents in childhood as dark blue to dark brown macules around the mouth, eyes, and nostrils, in the perianal area, and on the buccal mucosa. Hyperpigmented macules on the fingers are common. The macules may fade in puberty and adulthood. Recognition of the distinctive skin manifestations is important especially in individuals who have PJS as the result of a de novo pathogenic variant as these skin findings often predate GI signs and symptoms. Individuals with PJS are at increased risk for a wide variety of epithelial malignancies (colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancers). Females are at risk for sex cord tumors with annular tubules (SCTAT), a benign neoplasm of the ovaries, and adenoma malignum of the cervix, a rare aggressive cancer. Males occasionally develop large calcifying Sertoli cell tumors of the testes, which secrete estrogen and can lead to gynecomastia, advanced skeletal age, and ultimately short stature, if untreated.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18404">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_19522"><div><strong>Protein-losing enteropathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19522</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033680</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, hypoproteinemic edema, and malabsorption. Some patients also exhibit bowel inflammation, recurrent infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia, and/or angiopathic thromboembolic disease. Patient T lymphocytes show increased complement activation, causing surface deposition of complement and generating soluble C5a (Ozen et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19522">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_21921"><div><strong>Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21921</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0043194</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The WAS-related disorders, which include Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT), and X-linked neutropenia (XLN), are a spectrum of disorders of hematopoietic cells, with predominant defects of platelets and lymphocytes. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome usually presents in infancy. Affected males have thrombocytopenia with intermittent mucosal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and intermittent or chronic petechiae and purpura; recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and/or opportunistic infections; and eczema. Approximately 25%-40% of those who survive the early complications develop one or more autoimmune conditions including hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, immune-mediated neutropenia, vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune-mediated damage to the kidneys and liver. Individuals with a WAS-related disorder, particularly those who have been exposed to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are at increased risk of developing lymphomas, which often occur in unusual extranodal locations including the brain, lung, or gastrointestinal tract. Males with XLT have small platelet volume and thrombocytopenia. Severe disease-related events include severe bleeding episodes (14%), autoimmunity (12%), life-threatening infections (7%), and malignancy (5%). Males with XLN typically have congenital neutropenia associated with myelodysplasia, hyperactive neutrophils, increased myeloid cell apoptosis, and lymphoid cell abnormalities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21921">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39126"><div><strong>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39126</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS2), or Schmidt syndrome, is characterized by the presence of autoimmune Addison disease in association with either autoimmune thyroid disease or type I diabetes mellitus, or both. Chronic candidiasis is not present. APS2 may occur at any age and in both sexes, but is most common in middle-aged females and is very rare in childhood (summary by Betterle et al., 2004).&#13; See 240300 for a phenotypic description of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS1).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39126">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_83401"><div><strong>Blue rubber bleb nevus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83401</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0346072</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare vascular malformation disorder with cutaneous and visceral lesions frequently associated with serious, potentially fatal bleeding and anemia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83401">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_105400"><div><strong>Breath-holding Spells</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105400</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0476287</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The diagnosis of severe breath-holding spells (BHS) in childhood is based on a distinctive and stereotyped sequence of clinical events beginning with a provocation resulting in crying or emotional upset that leads to a noiseless state of expiration accompanied by color change and ultimately loss of consciousness and postural tone (Lombroso and Lerman, 1967; DiMario, 1992). Two clinical types are recognized based on the child's coloration (cyanotic or pallid) during these events. Most children experience the cyanotic type, although some experience mixed types. BHS is an involuntary, nonvolitional, reflexic, nonepileptic paroxysmal phenomenon of childhood. The episodes occur during full expiration despite its misnomer. Autonomic dysregulation has been hypothesized as an underlying mechanism that results in loss of consciousness (Hunt, 1990; DiMario and Burleson, 1993; Dimario et al., 1998).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105400">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_231300"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>231300</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1328840</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), caused by defective lymphocyte homeostasis, is characterized by the following: Non-malignant lymphoproliferation (lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with or without hypersplenism) that often improves with age. Autoimmune disease, mostly directed toward blood cells. Lifelong increased risk for both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In ALPS-FAS (the most common and best-characterized type of ALPS, associated with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS), non-malignant lymphoproliferation typically manifests in the first years of life, inexplicably waxes and wanes, and then often decreases without treatment in the second decade of life; in many affected individuals, however, neither splenomegaly nor the overall expansion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood decreases. Although autoimmunity is often not present at the time of diagnosis or at the time of the most extensive lymphoproliferation, autoantibodies can be detected before autoimmune disease manifests clinically. In ALPS-FAS caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) pathogenic variants in FAS, severe lymphoproliferation occurs before, at, or shortly after birth, and usually results in death at an early age. ALPS-sFAS, resulting from somatic FAS pathogenic variants in selected cell populations, notably the alpha/beta double-negative T cells (a/ß-DNT cells), appears to be similar to ALPS-FAS resulting from heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS, although lower incidence of splenectomy and lower lymphocyte counts have been reported in ALPS-sFAS and no cases of lymphoma have yet been published.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/231300">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334618"><div><strong>ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842836</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ii (CDG1I) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurologic involvement, including a convulsive syndrome of unknown origin, axial hypotonia, and mental and motor regression (summary by Papazoglu et al., 2021).&#13; For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334618">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349065"><div><strong>Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349065</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858968</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), caused by defective lymphocyte homeostasis, is characterized by the following: Non-malignant lymphoproliferation (lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly with or without hypersplenism) that often improves with age. Autoimmune disease, mostly directed toward blood cells. Lifelong increased risk for both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In ALPS-FAS (the most common and best-characterized type of ALPS, associated with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS), non-malignant lymphoproliferation typically manifests in the first years of life, inexplicably waxes and wanes, and then often decreases without treatment in the second decade of life; in many affected individuals, however, neither splenomegaly nor the overall expansion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood decreases. Although autoimmunity is often not present at the time of diagnosis or at the time of the most extensive lymphoproliferation, autoantibodies can be detected before autoimmune disease manifests clinically. In ALPS-FAS caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) pathogenic variants in FAS, severe lymphoproliferation occurs before, at, or shortly after birth, and usually results in death at an early age. ALPS-sFAS, resulting from somatic FAS pathogenic variants in selected cell populations, notably the alpha/beta double-negative T cells (a/ß-DNT cells), appears to be similar to ALPS-FAS resulting from heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in FAS, although lower incidence of splenectomy and lower lymphocyte counts have been reported in ALPS-sFAS and no cases of lymphoma have yet been published.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349065">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395227"><div><strong>Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394385"><div><strong>X-linked erythropoietic protoporphyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) is characterized in affected males by cutaneous photosensitivity (usually beginning in infancy or childhood) that results in tingling, burning, pain, and itching within minutes of sun/light exposure and may be accompanied by swelling and redness. Blistering lesions are uncommon. Pain, which may seem out of proportion to the visible skin lesions, may persist for hours or days after the initial phototoxic reaction. Photosensitivity is lifelong. Multiple episodes of acute photosensitivity may lead to chronic changes of sun-exposed skin (lichenification, leathery pseudovesicles, grooving around the lips) and loss of lunulae of the nails. An unknown proportion of individuals with XLP develop liver disease. Except for those with advanced liver disease, life expectancy is not reduced. The phenotype in heterozygous females ranges from asymptomatic to as severe as in affected males.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394385">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477078"><div><strong>Ogden syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275447</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ogden syndrome (OGDNS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by postnatal growth failure, severely delayed psychomotor development, variable dysmorphic features, and hypotonia. Many patients also have cardiac malformations or arrhythmias (summary by Popp et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_904751"><div><strong>Congenital bile acid synthesis defect 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>904751</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225390</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any congenital bile acid synthesis defect in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ABCD3 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/904751">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1645733"><div><strong>Protoporphyria, erythropoietic, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1645733</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693947</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Erythropoietic porphyria-2 is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder of heme biosynthesis, resulting in abnormal accumulation of the heme biosynthesis intermediate protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Affected individuals may have photosensitivity (summary by Yien et al., 2017)&#13; For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of EPP, see EPP1 (177000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1645733">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1709627"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iit</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1709627</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIt (CDG2t) is an autosomal recessive multisystemic metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, poor overall growth, severely impaired intellectual development with absent language, and behavioral abnormalities. Most patients develop early-onset seizures; brain imaging tends to show white matter abnormalities. Variable dysmorphic features, including long face, almond-shaped eyes, protruding maxilla, and short philtrum, are also present. The disorder, which is associated with low levels of HDL cholesterol, results from defective posttranslational O-linked glycosylation of certain plasma lipids and proteins (summary by Zilmer et al., 2020).&#13; For an overview of congenital disorders of glycosylation, see CDG1A (212065) and CDG2A (212066).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1709627">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794177"><div><strong>DEGCAGS syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794177</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561967</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">DEGCAGS syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anemia or pancytopenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. Death in childhood may occur (summary by Bertoli-Avella et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794177">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1799074"><div><strong>Cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1799074</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5567651</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Recurrent gastrointestinal ulceration with dysfunctional platelets (GURDP) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of severe gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration in early childhood. Affected individuals may have secondary iron deficiency anemia or malnourishment. Studies of platelet aggregation show a functional defect associated with decreased thromboxane-A2 production and decreased eicosanoid biosynthesis. The gastrointestinal disease is believed to result from decreased or absent production of prostaglandins that protect the gut mucosa (summary by Adler et al., 2008 and Faioni et al., 2014).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1799074">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1808082"><div><strong>Autoinflammatory syndrome, familial, X-linked, Behcet-like 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1808082</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5575495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked familial Behcet-like autoinflammatory syndrome-2 (AIFBL2) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the onset of inflammatory symptoms in the first decade of life in male patients. Affected males often present with oral mucosal ulceration and skin inflammation. More variable features may include gastrointestinal ulceration, arthritis, recurrent fevers, and iron deficiency anemia. Laboratory studies are consistent with immune dysregulation manifest as increased inflammatory markers and variable immune cell abnormalities, such as decreased NK cells and low memory B cells. One patient presented with recurrent infections and immunodeficiency in addition to autoinflammation. The disorder results from a defect in ELF4, which normally acts as a negative regulator of inflammatory disease. Symptoms may respond to blockade of IL1 (see 147760) or TNFA (191160) (summary by Tyler et al., 2021 and Sun et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of AIFBL, see AIFBL1 (616744).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1808082">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334618" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_231300" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349065" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1808082" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoinflammatory syndrome, familial, X-linked, Behcet-like 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_83401" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Blue rubber bleb nevus</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (19)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_105400" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Breath-holding Spells</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_904751" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital bile acid synthesis defect 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1709627" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iit</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1799074" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794177" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DEGCAGS syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_9403" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ogden syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_18404" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Peutz-Jeghers syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39126" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_19522" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Protein-losing enteropathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1645733" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Protoporphyria, erythropoietic, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_21921" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394385" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked erythropoietic protoporphyria</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38282557">Expert consensus guidelines: Intravenous iron uses, formulations, administration, and management of reactions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Doren L,
Steinheiser M,
Boykin K,
Taylor KJ,
Menendez M,
Auerbach M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2024 Jul;99(7):1338-1348.
Epub 2024 Jan 29
doi: 10.1002/ajh.27220.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38282557" target="_blank">38282557</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36153674">The incidence, complications, and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Benson AE,
Shatzel JJ,
Ryan KS,
Hedges MA,
Martens K,
Aslan JE,
Lo JO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Haematol</span>
2022 Dec;109(6):633-642.
Epub 2022 Oct 4
doi: 10.1111/ejh.13870.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36153674" target="_blank">36153674</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9669178" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28071659">ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chey WD,
Leontiadis GI,
Howden CW,
Moss SF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Gastroenterol</span>
2017 Feb;112(2):212-239.
Epub 2017 Jan 10
doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.563.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28071659" target="_blank">28071659</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (435)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38864796">AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Expert Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DeLoughery TG,
Jackson CS,
Ko CW,
Rockey DC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol</span>
2024 Aug;22(8):1575-1583.
Epub 2024 Jun 12
doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.046.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38864796" target="_blank">38864796</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37497686">Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
Lam JM,
Wong AHC,
Hon KL,
Li X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pediatr Rev</span>
2024;20(3):339-356.
doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230727102042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37497686" target="_blank">37497686</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35889932">Iron Deficiency Anemia: Efficacy and Limitations of Nutritional and Comprehensive Mitigation Strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumar SB,
Arnipalli SR,
Mehta P,
Carrau S,
Ziouzenkova O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2022 Jul 20;14(14)
doi: 10.3390/nu14142976.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35889932" target="_blank">35889932</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9315959" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35642737">Screening, Treatment, and Monitoring of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elmore C,
Ellis J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Midwifery Womens Health</span>
2022 May;67(3):321-331.
Epub 2022 Jun 1
doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13370.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35642737" target="_blank">35642737</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24972460">Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Andrade Cairo RC,
Rodrigues Silva L,
Carneiro Bustani N,
Ferreira Marques CD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutr Hosp</span>
2014 Jun 1;29(6):1240-9.
doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24972460" target="_blank">24972460</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3012)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37497686">Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
Lam JM,
Wong AHC,
Hon KL,
Li X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pediatr Rev</span>
2024;20(3):339-356.
doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230727102042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37497686" target="_blank">37497686</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36706856">The relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Munro MG,
Mast AE,
Powers JM,
Kouides PA,
O'Brien SH,
Richards T,
Lavin M,
Levy BS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2023 Jul;229(1):1-9.
Epub 2023 Jan 24
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36706856" target="_blank">36706856</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36075747">Iron metabolism and iron deficiency anemia in women.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappellini MD,
Santini V,
Braxs C,
Shander A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Fertil Steril</span>
2022 Oct;118(4):607-614.
Epub 2022 Sep 6
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36075747" target="_blank">36075747</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35642737">Screening, Treatment, and Monitoring of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elmore C,
Ellis J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Midwifery Womens Health</span>
2022 May;67(3):321-331.
Epub 2022 Jun 1
doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13370.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35642737" target="_blank">35642737</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32053933">Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Means RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Feb 11;12(2)
doi: 10.3390/nu12020447.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32053933" target="_blank">32053933</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7071168" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2591)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38864796">AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Expert Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DeLoughery TG,
Jackson CS,
Ko CW,
Rockey DC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol</span>
2024 Aug;22(8):1575-1583.
Epub 2024 Jun 12
doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.046.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38864796" target="_blank">38864796</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37497686">Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
Lam JM,
Wong AHC,
Hon KL,
Li X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pediatr Rev</span>
2024;20(3):339-356.
doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230727102042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37497686" target="_blank">37497686</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35642737">Screening, Treatment, and Monitoring of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Elmore C,
Ellis J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Midwifery Womens Health</span>
2022 May;67(3):321-331.
Epub 2022 Jun 1
doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13370.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35642737" target="_blank">35642737</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32173810">Iron deficiency anemia: clinical and etiological features.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bellakhal S,
Ouertani S,
Antit S,
Abdelaali I,
Teyeb Z,
Dougui MH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tunis Med</span>
2019 Dec;97(12):1389-1398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32173810" target="_blank">32173810</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30970355">Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gafter-Gvili A,
Schechter A,
Rozen-Zvi B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Haematol</span>
2019;142(1):44-50.
Epub 2019 Apr 10
doi: 10.1159/000496492.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30970355" target="_blank">30970355</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2380)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37010731">A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the incidence of serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions after administration of ferric derisomaltose or ferric carboxymaltose.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kennedy NA,
Achebe MM,
Biggar P,
Pöhlmann J,
Pollock RF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Clin Pharm</span>
2023 Jun;45(3):604-612.
Epub 2023 Apr 3
doi: 10.1007/s11096-023-01548-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37010731" target="_blank">37010731</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10250464" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36153674">The incidence, complications, and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Benson AE,
Shatzel JJ,
Ryan KS,
Hedges MA,
Martens K,
Aslan JE,
Lo JO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Haematol</span>
2022 Dec;109(6):633-642.
Epub 2022 Oct 4
doi: 10.1111/ejh.13870.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36153674" target="_blank">36153674</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9669178" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32330927">Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sundararajan S,
Rabe H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Res</span>
2021 Jan;89(1):63-73.
Epub 2020 Apr 24
doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0907-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32330927" target="_blank">32330927</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32016310">Effects of Iron Isomaltoside vs Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hypophosphatemia in Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wolf M,
Rubin J,
Achebe M,
Econs MJ,
Peacock M,
Imel EA,
Thomsen LL,
Carpenter TO,
Weber T,
Brandenburg V,
Zoller H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2020 Feb 4;323(5):432-443.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.22450.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32016310" target="_blank">32016310</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7042864" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32173810">Iron deficiency anemia: clinical and etiological features.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bellakhal S,
Ouertani S,
Antit S,
Abdelaali I,
Teyeb Z,
Dougui MH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tunis Med</span>
2019 Dec;97(12):1389-1398.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32173810" target="_blank">32173810</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (992)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37497686">Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
Lam JM,
Wong AHC,
Hon KL,
Li X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pediatr Rev</span>
2024;20(3):339-356.
doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230727102042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37497686" target="_blank">37497686</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37108056">Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Potential Risk Factors in Bone Loss.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang J,
Li Q,
Feng Y,
Zeng Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 Apr 7;24(8)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24086891.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37108056" target="_blank">37108056</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10138976" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35893877">Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skolmowska D,
Głąbska D,
Kołota A,
Guzek D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2022 Jul 23;14(15)
doi: 10.3390/nu14153023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35893877" target="_blank">35893877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9332092" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32053933">Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Means RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2020 Feb 11;12(2)
doi: 10.3390/nu12020447.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32053933" target="_blank">32053933</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7071168" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30421679">Breath-Holding Spells in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
Leung AAM,
Wong AHC,
Hon KL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Pediatr Rev</span>
2019;15(1):22-29.
doi: 10.2174/1573396314666181113094047.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30421679" target="_blank">30421679</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6696822" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1458)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37403900">Iron supplements in pregnant women with normal iron status: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hansen R,
Sejer EPF,
Holm C,
Schroll JB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand</span>
2023 Sep;102(9):1147-1158.
Epub 2023 Jul 5
doi: 10.1111/aogs.14607.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37403900" target="_blank">37403900</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10407016" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35893877">Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Skolmowska D,
Głąbska D,
Kołota A,
Guzek D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2022 Jul 23;14(15)
doi: 10.3390/nu14153023.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35893877" target="_blank">35893877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9332092" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33362380">Diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cotter J,
Baldaia C,
Ferreira M,
Macedo G,
Pedroto I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Gastroenterol</span>
2020 Dec 7;26(45):7242-7257.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7242.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33362380" target="_blank">33362380</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7723662" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30121943">Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy with Intravenous versus Oral Iron: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Govindappagari S,
Burwick RM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Perinatol</span>
2019 Mar;36(4):366-376.
Epub 2018 Aug 19
doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1668555.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30121943" target="_blank">30121943</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30031145">Comorbidities in alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee S,
Lee H,
Lee CH,
Lee WS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
2019 Feb;80(2):466-477.e16.
Epub 2018 Jul 18
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30031145" target="_blank">30031145</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Iron%20deficiency%20anemia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (134)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162316%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (8)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162316%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162316%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (8)</a></li>
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