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<meta name="keywords" content="C0151825, bone pain, osteodynia, sign or symptom, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Bone pain (Concept Id: C0151825)
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<!--
UID=57489
ConceptID=C0151825
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Bone pain</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151825</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Bone Pain; Osteodynia</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Bone pain (12584003); Osteodynia (12584003)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002653">HP:0002653</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0151825[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=57489">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Bone pain</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3593" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Constitutional symptom">Constitutional symptom</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/45282" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pain">Pain</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Bone pain</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5556" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthralgia of the hip">Arthralgia of the hip</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163549" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lower Ribs Pain">Lower Ribs Pain</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_69164"><div><strong>McCune-Albright syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69164</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0242292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Fibrous dysplasia / McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS), the result of an early embryonic postzygotic somatic activating pathogenic variant in GNAS (encoding the cAMP pathway-associated G protein Gas [Gs alpha subunit]), is characterized by involvement of the skin, skeleton, and certain endocrine organs. However, because Gas signaling is ubiquitous, additional tissues may be affected. Hyperpigmented skin macules are common and are usually the first manifestation of the disease, apparent at or shortly after birth. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), which can involve any part and combination of the craniofacial, axial, and/or appendicular skeleton, can range from an isolated, asymptomatic monostotic lesion discovered incidentally to severe, disabling polyostotic disease involving practically the entire skeleton and leading to progressive scoliosis, facial deformity, and loss of mobility, vision, and/or hearing. Endocrinopathies include gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty resulting from recurrent ovarian cysts in girls and autonomous testosterone production in boys; testicular lesions with or without associated gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty; thyroid lesions with or without non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism; growth hormone excess; FGF23-mediated phosphate wasting with or without hypophosphatemia in association with fibrous dysplasia; and neonatal hypercortisolism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69164">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75658"><div><strong>Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268164</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by deficiency of the liver peroxisomal enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), which catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine. When AGT activity is reduced or absent, glyoxylate is converted to oxalate, which cannot be metabolized and must be excreted by the kidneys. Insoluble calcium oxalate crystals form due to high urinary oxalate concentration. Urinary crystals aggregate, leading to nephrolithiasis (i.e., calcium oxalate kidney stones) in the renal pelvis / urinary tract; often the crystals deposit in kidney parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis). The age at presentation of PH1 ranges from infancy (age &lt;12 months) in 10% of individuals, childhood/adolescence (age 1-17 years) in 70%, and adulthood (age =18 years) in 20%. The natural history of untreated PH1 is (1) progressive decline in kidney function due to complications of nephrolithiasis (e.g., urinary obstruction, infection) and nephrocalcinosis, and (2) in persons with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), high plasma oxalate concentrations result in other organ and tissue damage from calcium oxalate deposition (i.e., "oxalosis"), most commonly in the bones, heart, and retina. In the absence of treatment, progression of oxalosis results in death from kidney failure and/or other organ involvement.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_124344"><div><strong>Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124344</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268689</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vitamin D-dependent rickets is a disorder of bone development that leads to softening and weakening of the bones (rickets). There are several forms of the condition that are distinguished primarily by their genetic causes: type 1A (VDDR1A), type 1B (VDDR1B), and type 2A (VDDR2A). There is also evidence of a very rare form of the condition, called type 2B (VDDR2B), although not much is known about this form.\n\nThe signs and symptoms of vitamin D-dependent rickets begin within months after birth, and most are the same for all types of the condition. The weak bones often cause bone pain and delayed growth and have a tendency to fracture. When affected children begin to walk, they may develop abnormally curved (bowed) legs because the bones are too weak to bear weight. Impaired bone development also results in widening of the areas near the ends of bones where new bone forms (metaphyses), especially in the knees, wrists, and ribs. Some people with vitamin D-dependent rickets have dental abnormalities such as thin tooth enamel and frequent cavities. Poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and muscle weakness are also common in this condition, and some affected individuals develop seizures.\n\nIn vitamin D-dependent rickets, there is an imbalance of certain substances in the blood. An early sign in all types of the condition is low levels of the mineral calcium (hypocalcemia), which is essential for the normal formation of bones and teeth. Affected individuals also develop high levels of a hormone involved in regulating calcium levels called parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to a condition called secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low levels of a mineral called phosphate (hypophosphatemia) also occur in affected individuals. Vitamin D-dependent rickets types 1 and 2 can be grouped by blood levels of a hormone called calcitriol, which is the active form of vitamin D; individuals with VDDR1A and VDDR1B have abnormally low levels of calcitriol and individuals with VDDR2A and VDDR2B have abnormally high levels.\n\nHair loss (alopecia) can occur in VDDR2A, although not everyone with this form of the condition has alopecia. Affected individuals can have sparse or patchy hair or no hair at all on their heads. Some affected individuals are missing body hair as well.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124344">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_83346"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83346</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342642</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) is characterized by isolated renal phosphate wasting, hypophosphatemia, and inappropriately normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) levels. Patients frequently present with bone pain, rickets, and tooth abscesses. In contrast to X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH; 307800), ADHR shows incomplete penetrance, variable age at onset (childhood to adult), and resolution of the phosphate-wasting defect in rare cases (Econs et al., 1997).&#13; See also hypophosphatemic bone disease (146350).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Hypophosphatemic Rickets&#13; Other forms of hypophosphatemic rickets include autosomal recessive forms, i.e., ARHR1 (241520), caused by mutation in the DMP1 gene (600980) on chromosome 4q21, and ARHR2 (613312), caused by mutation in the ENPP1 gene (173335) on chromosome 6q23. An X-linked dominant form (XLHR; 307800) is caused by mutation in the PHEX gene (300550), and an X-linked recessive form (300554) is caused by mutation in the CLCN5 gene (300008).&#13; Clinical Variability of Hypophosphatemic Rickets&#13; Hypophosphatemic rickets can be caused by disorders of vitamin D metabolism or action (see VDDR1A, 264700). A form of hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH; 241530) is caused by mutation in the SLC34A3 gene (609826), and there is evidence that a form of hypophosphatemic rickets with hyperparathyroidism (612089) may be caused by a translocation that results in an increase in alpha-klotho levels (KLOTHO; 604824).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83346">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_90989"><div><strong>Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90989</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A (VDDR2A) is caused by a defect in the vitamin D receptor gene. This defect leads to an increase in the circulating ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Most patients have total alopecia in addition to rickets.&#13; VDDR2B (600785) is a form of vitamin D-dependent rickets with a phenotype similar to VDDR2A but a normal vitamin D receptor, in which end-organ resistance to vitamin D has been shown to be caused by a nuclear ribonucleoprotein that interferes with the vitamin D receptor-DNA interaction.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of rickets due to disorders in vitamin D metabolism or action, see vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A; 264700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90989">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140822"><div><strong>Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140822</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0410422</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis-3 (CRMO3) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory bone disease characterized by early childhood onset of bone pain and arthritis caused by sterile osteomyelitis. The disorder results from constitutive activation of the IL1-mediated inflammatory pathway due to loss of IL1 receptor sensitivity to its antagonist IL1RN (147679). et al. (2023) suggested the term 'Loss of IL1R1 Sensitivity to IL1RA (IL1RN)' or 'LIRSA' as a designation for this disorder.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CRMO, see 609628.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140822">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96593"><div><strong>Familial expansile osteolysis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96593</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial expansile osteolysis is an autosomal dominant bone dysplasia characterized by increased bone remodeling with osteolytic lesions mainly affecting the appendicular skeleton. There is medullary and cortical expansion of the bone without sclerosis, leading to painful and disabling deformities and tendency to pathologic fracture. Clinical features include onset of conductive hearing loss in childhood, premature loss of teeth, and variably increased serum alkaline phosphatase (summary by Palenzuela et al., 2002 and Elahi et al., 2007).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96593">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_196551"><div><strong>Familial X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D refractory rickets</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196551</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0733682</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) ranges from isolated hypophosphatemia to severe lower extremity bowing and/or craniosynostosis, usually involving the sagittal suture with consequent scaphocephaly. XLH typically manifests in the first two years of life with lower extremity bowing due to the onset of weight-bearing; however, it sometimes does not manifest until adulthood, as previously unevaluated short stature. Adults may present with calcification of the tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules, joint pain, fatigue, insufficiency fractures, and impaired mobility. Persons with XLH are prone to spontaneous dental abscesses; sensorineural hearing loss has also been reported. Rarely, individuals with XLH can suffer from spinal stenosis, Chiari I malformation, syringomyelia, and/or raised intracranial pressure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196551">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_226899"><div><strong>TNF receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>226899</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1275126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TNF receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS) is characterized by episodes of inflammation typically occurring every four to six weeks and lasting between five and 25 days. Flares may be prompted by stress, infection, trauma, hormonal changes, and vaccination. Symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, arthralgia, myalgia, migratory rash, and eye inflammation, with variable severity. Symptoms often begin in early childhood (median age 4.3 years), though symptom onset can occur later in life. During a flare, acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum amyloid A are typically elevated. Generally, acute-phase reactants stabilize between flares but may remain somewhat elevated even in the absence of clinical symptoms. AA amyloidosis, the most severe sequela of TRAPS, can largely be avoided with adequate treatment. Proteinuria and kidney failure occur in 80%-90% of affected individuals with amyloidosis, while intestinal, thyroid, myocardium, liver, and spleen deposits are less common.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/226899">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_322173"><div><strong>Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322173</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1833372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the AP2S1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322173">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_331718"><div><strong>Necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, subacute, of Leigh, adult</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331718</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834340</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial DNA-associated Leigh syndrome spectrum (mtDNA-LSS) is part of a continuum of progressive neurodegenerative disorders caused by abnormalities of mitochondrial energy generation, which includes the overlapping phenotypes mtDNA-associated Leigh syndrome and mtDNA-associated Leigh-like syndrome. Mitochondrial DNA-LSS is characterized by onset of manifestations typically between ages three and 12 months, often following an intercurrent illness (usually viral) or metabolic challenge (vaccinations, surgery, prolonged fasting). Decompensation (often with elevated lactate levels in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid) is typically associated with developmental delay and/or regression. Neurologic features include hypotonia, spasticity, seizures, movement disorders, cerebellar ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy. Brain stem dysfunction may manifest with respiratory symptoms, swallowing difficulties, ophthalmoparesis, and abnormalities in thermoregulation. Extraneurologic manifestations may include poor weight gain, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. Up to 50% of individuals die by age three years, most often from respiratory or cardiac failure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331718">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_374020"><div><strong>Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets, type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838657</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets type 1B (VDDR1B) is caused by a defect in vitamin D 25-hydroxylation (Molin et al., 2017). The major function of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphate levels in the normal range to support metabolic functions, neuromuscular transmission, and bone mineralization. Disorders of vitamin D metabolism or action lead to defective bone mineralization and clinical features including intestinal malabsorption of calcium, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased renal clearance of phosphorus, and hypophosphatemia. The combination of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia causes impaired mineralization of bone that results in rickets and osteomalacia (summary by Liberman and Marx, 2001).&#13; Rickets can occur because of inadequate dietary intake or sun exposure or because of genetic disorders. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is taken in the diet or synthesized in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol by ultraviolet irradiation. For vitamin D to be active, it needs to be converted to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D is transported in the blood by the vitamin D binding protein (DBP; 139200) to the liver, where vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1; 608713) is the key enzyme for 25-hydroxylation. Vitamin D 25(OH)D3, the major circulating form of vitamin D, is then transported to the kidney, where 25(OH)D3 is hydroxylated at the position of carbon 1 of the A ring, resulting in the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (summary by Christakos et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335115"><div><strong>Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335115</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1845168</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHRR) is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, which comprises a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see 300009.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335115">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336322"><div><strong>Dent disease type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336322</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dent disease, an X-linked disorder of proximal renal tubular dysfunction, is characterized by low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and at least one additional finding including nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence of X-linked inheritance. Males younger than age ten years may manifest only LMW proteinuria and/or hypercalciuria, which are usually asymptomatic. Thirty to 80% of affected males develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between ages 30 and 50 years; in some instances ESRD does not develop until the sixth decade of life or later. The disease may also be accompanied by rickets or osteomalacia, growth restriction, and short stature. Disease severity can vary within the same family. Males with Dent disease 2 (caused by pathogenic variants in OCRL) may also have mild intellectual disability, cataracts, and/or elevated muscle enzymes. Due to random X-chromosome inactivation, some female carriers may manifest hypercalciuria and, rarely, renal calculi and moderate LMW proteinuria. Females rarely develop CKD.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336322">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_501133"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic bone disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>501133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853271</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the presence of hypophosphatemia secondary to renal phosphate wasting, radiographic and/or histologic evidence of rickets, limb deformities, muscle weakness, and bone pain. HHRH is distinct from other forms of hypophosphatemic rickets in that affected individuals present with hypercalciuria due to increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and increased intestinal calcium absorption (summary by Bergwitz et al., 2006).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/501133">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339991"><div><strong>Paget disease of bone 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339991</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853473</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339991">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350612"><div><strong>Bone pain, periodic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350612</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862176</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350612">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350479"><div><strong>Gaucher disease due to saposin C deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350479</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864651</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any Gaucher disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PSAP gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350479">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_351273"><div><strong>Majeed syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1864997</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with LPIN2-related Majeed syndrome typically experience multisystem inflammatory symptoms, including chronic sterile multifocal osteomyelitis, recurrent bone pain, recurrent fever, failure to thrive, dyserythropoietic anemia, and neutrophilic dermatosis. Recurrent bone pain is frequently localized near the joints, often of the long bones of the lower extremities. Recurrent osteomyelitis with joint swelling can lead to subsequent joint contractures. Congenital dyserythropoietic, microcytic anemia can range from mild to severe and sometimes requires blood transfusion. Neutrophilic dermatosis typically presents as transient painful erythematous plaques, pustules, or nodules with neutrophilic infiltrates. Other features of LPIN2-related Majeed syndrome include the development of hepatosplenomegaly and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as recurrent abdominal pain and/or recurrent diarrhea. As more families are being described, individuals with milder features are now being recognized.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351273">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_409531"><div><strong>Gaucher disease type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>409531</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1961835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal-lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The characterization of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two clinical forms (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical phenotypes, although varying in frequency and severity. Type 1 GD is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. Type 2 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years. Type 3 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with childhood onset, a more slowly progressive course, and survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/409531">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383131"><div><strong>Hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383131</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2677524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383131">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412713"><div><strong>Neuroblastoma, susceptibility to, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749485</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412713">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462002"><div><strong>Fanconi renotubular syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462002</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150652</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any Fanconi syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SLC34A1 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462002">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767490"><div><strong>Facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767490</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3554576</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FILS syndrome is characterized by mild facial dysmorphism, mainly malar hypoplasia, livedo on the skin since birth, immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections, and short stature (summary by Pachlopnik Schmid et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767490">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_908743"><div><strong>Paget disease of bone 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>908743</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085250</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Paget disease of bone-6 (PDB6) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by adult onset of bone pain associated with polyostotic bone lesions primarily affecting the axial skeleton. A subset of patients develop coronary artery disease and/or malignant giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone, which arises within the Paget bone lesions (summary by Divisato et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Paget disease of bone, see 167250.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/908743">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_899166"><div><strong>Paget disease of bone 2, early-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>899166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085251</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Paget disease (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by focal abnormalities of increased bone turnover affecting one or more sites throughout the skeleton, primarily the axial skeleton. Bone lesions in this disorder show evidence of increased osteoclastic bone resorption and disorganized bone structure. See reviews by Ralston et al. (2008) and Ralston and Albagha (2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Paget disease of bone, see 167250.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/899166">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895927"><div><strong>Paget disease of bone 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895927</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4085252</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Paget disease (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by focal abnormalities of increased bone turnover affecting one or more sites throughout the skeleton, primarily the axial skeleton. Bone lesions in this disorder show evidence of increased osteoclastic bone resorption and disorganized bone structure. See reviews by Ralston et al. (2008) and Ralston and Albagha (2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Paget Disease of Bone&#13; Also see PDB2 (602080), caused by mutation in the TNFRSF11A gene (603499) on chromosome 18q21; PDB4 (606263), mapped to chromosome 5q31; PDB5 (239000), caused by mutation in the TNFRSF11B gene (602643) on chromosome 8q24; and PDB6 (616833), caused by mutation in the ZNF687 gene (610568) on chromosome 1q21.&#13; Suggestive linkage of a form of PDB to chromosome 6p (PDB1) was reported by Fotino et al. (1977); however, further studies did not confirm linkage to this site (Moore and Hoffman, 1988; Nance et al., 2000; Good et al., 2001).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895927">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648310"><div><strong>Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4746851</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-1 (PRAAS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of annular erythematous plaques on the face and extremities with subsequent development of partial lipodystrophy and laboratory evidence of immune dysregulation. More variable features include recurrent fever, severe joint contractures, muscle weakness and atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, basal ganglia calcifications, and microcytic anemia (summary by Agarwal et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2011; Arima et al., 2011).&#13; This disorder encompasses Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome (NKJO); joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP syndrome); and chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE). Among Japanese patients, this disorder is best described as Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, since both Nakajo (1939) and Nishimura et al. (1950) contributed to the original phenotypic descriptions.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Proteasome-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndrome&#13; See also PRAAS2 (618048), caused by mutation in the POMP gene (613386) on chromosome 13q12; PRAAS3 (617591), caused by mutation in the PSMB4 gene (602177) on chromosome 1q21; PRAAS4 (619183), caused by mutation in the PSMG2 gene (609702) on chromosome 18p11; PRAAS5 (619175), caused by mutation in the PSMB10 gene (176847) on chromosome 16q22; and PRAAS6 (620796), caused by mutation in the PSMB9 gene (177045) on chromosome 6p21.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648310">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_83346" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_501133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic bone disease</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350612" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bone pain, periodic</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140822" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336322" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dent disease type 1</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (28)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767490" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Facial dysmorphism-immunodeficiency-livedo-short stature syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96593" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial expansile osteolysis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_322173" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_196551" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D refractory rickets</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462002" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fanconi renotubular syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350479" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gaucher disease due to saposin C deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_409531" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gaucher disease type I</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383131" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335115" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_351273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Majeed syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_69164" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">McCune-Albright syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_331718" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, subacute, of Leigh, adult</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412713" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuroblastoma, susceptibility to, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_899166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paget disease of bone 2, early-onset</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895927" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paget disease of bone 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339991" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paget disease of bone 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_908743" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paget disease of bone 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75658" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary hyperoxaluria, type I</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_226899" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">TNF receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS)</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_374020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets, type 1B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_90989" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_124344" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type 1</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36680511">Primary myelofibrosis: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2023 May;98(5):801-821.
Epub 2023 Feb 6
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36680511" target="_blank">36680511</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33498356">Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Padala SA,
Barsouk A,
Barsouk A,
Rawla P,
Vakiti A,
Kolhe R,
Kota V,
Ajebo GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci (Basel)</span>
2021 Jan 20;9(1)
doi: 10.3390/medsci9010003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33498356" target="_blank">33498356</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7838784" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33197049">Primary myelofibrosis: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2021 Jan;96(1):145-162.
Epub 2020 Dec 2
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33197049" target="_blank">33197049</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22bone%20pain%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (474)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34590591">Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tsukamoto S,
Kido A,
Tanaka Y,
Facchini G,
Peta G,
Rossi G,
Mavrogenis AF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Oncol</span>
2021 Aug 29;28(5):3347-3372.
doi: 10.3390/curroncol28050290.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34590591" target="_blank">34590591</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8482272" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33498356">Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Padala SA,
Barsouk A,
Barsouk A,
Rawla P,
Vakiti A,
Kolhe R,
Kota V,
Ajebo GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci (Basel)</span>
2021 Jan 20;9(1)
doi: 10.3390/medsci9010003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33498356" target="_blank">33498356</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7838784" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28939926">A systematic literature review of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of filgrastim.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dale DC,
Crawford J,
Klippel Z,
Reiner M,
Osslund T,
Fan E,
Morrow PK,
Allcott K,
Lyman GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Support Care Cancer</span>
2018 Jan;26(1):7-20.
Epub 2017 Sep 22
doi: 10.1007/s00520-017-3854-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28939926" target="_blank">28939926</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5827957" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25069498">Paget's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bertoldi I,
Cantarini L,
Filippou G,
Frediani B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Reumatismo</span>
2014 Jul 28;66(2):171-83.
doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2014.789.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25069498" target="_blank">25069498</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24784336">Leukemia: an overview for primary care.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis AS,
Viera AJ,
Mead MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2014 May 1;89(9):731-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24784336" target="_blank">24784336</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1603)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37951653">Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rafferty BA,
Thakrar P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2024 Jan;108(1):227-239.
Epub 2023 Jul 11
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37951653" target="_blank">37951653</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33498356">Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Padala SA,
Barsouk A,
Barsouk A,
Rawla P,
Vakiti A,
Kolhe R,
Kota V,
Ajebo GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci (Basel)</span>
2021 Jan 20;9(1)
doi: 10.3390/medsci9010003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33498356" target="_blank">33498356</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7838784" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29752905">Paget's Disease of Bone: Diagnosis and Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kravets I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2018 Nov;131(11):1298-1303.
Epub 2018 May 10
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.04.028.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29752905" target="_blank">29752905</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20949296">Erdheim-Chester disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Akkara Veetil BM,
Luthra H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Rheumatol</span>
2011 Mar;30(3):397-8.
Epub 2010 Oct 15
doi: 10.1007/s10067-010-1595-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20949296" target="_blank">20949296</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18378180">Schnitzler syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Soubrier M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Joint Bone Spine</span>
2008 May;75(3):263-6.
Epub 2008 Feb 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.07.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18378180" target="_blank">18378180</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1594)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33970460">Luspatercept: A Review in Transfusion-Dependent Anaemia due to Myelodysplastic Syndromes or β-Thalassaemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kang C,
Syed YY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs</span>
2021 Jun;81(8):945-952.
Epub 2021 May 10
doi: 10.1007/s40265-021-01527-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33970460" target="_blank">33970460</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32212518">A Phase 3 Trial of Luspatercept in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cappellini MD,
Viprakasit V,
Taher AT,
Georgiev P,
Kuo KHM,
Coates T,
Voskaridou E,
Liew HK,
Pazgal-Kobrowski I,
Forni GL,
Perrotta S,
Khelif A,
Lal A,
Kattamis A,
Vlachaki E,
Origa R,
Aydinok Y,
Bejaoui M,
Ho PJ,
Chew LP,
Bee PC,
Lim SM,
Lu MY,
Tantiworawit A,
Ganeva P,
Gercheva L,
Shah F,
Neufeld EJ,
Thompson A,
Laadem A,
Shetty JK,
Zou J,
Zhang J,
Miteva D,
Zinger T,
Linde PG,
Sherman ML,
Hermine O,
Porter J,
Piga A;
BELIEVE Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2020 Mar 26;382(13):1219-1231.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910182.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32212518" target="_blank">32212518</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27760454">Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dwan K,
Phillipi CA,
Steiner RD,
Basel D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2016 Oct 19;10(10):CD005088.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005088.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27760454" target="_blank">27760454</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6611487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24041627">The five "Ws" for bone pain due to the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lambertini M,
Del Mastro L,
Bellodi A,
Pronzato P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Oncol Hematol</span>
2014 Jan;89(1):112-28.
Epub 2013 Aug 29
doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24041627" target="_blank">24041627</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23030482">The role of enzalutamide in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rawlinson A,
Mohammed A,
Miller M,
Kunkler R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Future Oncol</span>
2012 Sep;8(9):1073-81.
doi: 10.2217/fon.12.99.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23030482" target="_blank">23030482</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2388)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37951653">Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rafferty BA,
Thakrar P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2024 Jan;108(1):227-239.
Epub 2023 Jul 11
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37951653" target="_blank">37951653</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33498356">Epidemiology, Staging, and Management of Multiple Myeloma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Padala SA,
Barsouk A,
Barsouk A,
Rawla P,
Vakiti A,
Kolhe R,
Kota V,
Ajebo GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Sci (Basel)</span>
2021 Jan 20;9(1)
doi: 10.3390/medsci9010003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33498356" target="_blank">33498356</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7838784" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33197049">Primary myelofibrosis: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2021 Jan;96(1):145-162.
Epub 2020 Dec 2
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33197049" target="_blank">33197049</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24784336">Leukemia: an overview for primary care.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis AS,
Viera AJ,
Mead MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2014 May 1;89(9):731-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24784336" target="_blank">24784336</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24041627">The five "Ws" for bone pain due to the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lambertini M,
Del Mastro L,
Bellodi A,
Pronzato P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Oncol Hematol</span>
2014 Jan;89(1):112-28.
Epub 2013 Aug 29
doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24041627" target="_blank">24041627</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1032)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36680511">Primary myelofibrosis: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2023 May;98(5):801-821.
Epub 2023 Feb 6
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26857.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36680511" target="_blank">36680511</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35022799">Parathyroidectomy Versus Cinacalcet for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alvarado L,
Sharma N,
Lerma R,
Dwivedi A,
Ahmad A,
Hechanova A,
Payan-Schober F,
Nwosu A,
Alkhalili E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World J Surg</span>
2022 Apr;46(4):813-819.
Epub 2022 Jan 12
doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06439-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35022799" target="_blank">35022799</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8885484" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33197049">Primary myelofibrosis: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
2021 Jan;96(1):145-162.
Epub 2020 Dec 2
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26050.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33197049" target="_blank">33197049</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26105042">Hyperparathyroidism and Bone Health.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bandeira F,
Cassibba S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Rheumatol Rep</span>
2015 Jul;17(7):48.
doi: 10.1007/s11926-015-0523-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26105042" target="_blank">26105042</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23071245">Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) symptom assessment form total symptom score: prospective international assessment of an abbreviated symptom burden scoring system among patients with MPNs.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Emanuel RM,
Dueck AC,
Geyer HL,
Kiladjian JJ,
Slot S,
Zweegman S,
te Boekhorst PA,
Commandeur S,
Schouten HC,
Sackmann F,
Kerguelen Fuentes A,
Hernández-Maraver D,
Pahl HL,
Griesshammer M,
Stegelmann F,
Doehner K,
Lehmann T,
Bonatz K,
Reiter A,
Boyer F,
Etienne G,
Ianotto JC,
Ranta D,
Roy L,
Cahn JY,
Harrison CN,
Radia D,
Muxi P,
Maldonado N,
Besses C,
Cervantes F,
Johansson PL,
Barbui T,
Barosi G,
Vannucchi AM,
Passamonti F,
Andreasson B,
Ferrari ML,
Rambaldi A,
Samuelsson J,
Birgegard G,
Tefferi A,
Mesa RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Oncol</span>
2012 Nov 20;30(33):4098-103.
Epub 2012 Oct 15
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.3863.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23071245" target="_blank">23071245</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4872304" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1154)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38345820">Stereotactic Body and Conventional Radiotherapy for Painful Bone Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bindels BJJ,
Mercier C,
Gal R,
Verlaan JJ,
Verhoeff JJC,
Dirix P,
Ost P,
Kasperts N,
van der Linden YM,
Verkooijen HM,
van der Velden JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Netw Open</span>
2024 Feb 5;7(2):e2355409.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38345820" target="_blank">38345820</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10862159" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35687123">Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiao PL,
Cui AY,
Hsu CJ,
Peng R,
Jiang N,
Xu XH,
Ma YG,
Liu D,
Lu HD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Osteoporos Int</span>
2022 Oct;33(10):2137-2153.
Epub 2022 Jun 10
doi: 10.1007/s00198-022-06454-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35687123" target="_blank">35687123</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28939926">A systematic literature review of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of filgrastim.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dale DC,
Crawford J,
Klippel Z,
Reiner M,
Osslund T,
Fan E,
Morrow PK,
Allcott K,
Lyman GH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Support Care Cancer</span>
2018 Jan;26(1):7-20.
Epub 2017 Sep 22
doi: 10.1007/s00520-017-3854-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28939926" target="_blank">28939926</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5827957" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27760454">Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dwan K,
Phillipi CA,
Steiner RD,
Basel D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2016 Oct 19;10(10):CD005088.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005088.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27760454" target="_blank">27760454</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6611487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24653500">Radiation therapy in malignant spinal cord compression: what is the current knowledge on fractionation schedules? A systematic literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Løhre ET,
Lund JÅ,
Kaasa S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Support Palliat Care</span>
2012 Mar;2(1):51-6.
Epub 2012 Jan 23
doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000154.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24653500" target="_blank">24653500</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bone%20pain%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (104)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0151825%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (12)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0151825%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (12)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0151825%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (12)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Bone%20pain" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22bone%20pain%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Bone%20pain%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Bone%20pain" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Bone%20pain" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Bone%20pain%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0151825[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
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