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170 KiB
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<!--
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UID=56246
|
||
ConceptID=C0151818
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Opisthotonus</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56246</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0151818</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Opisthotonos</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Opisthotonus (8652009); Opisthotonos (8652009)</td></tr>
|
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002179">HP:0002179</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0151818[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=56246">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Opisthotonus</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculature">Abnormality of the musculature</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868777" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal muscle physiology">Abnormal muscle physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488941" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal muscle tone">Abnormal muscle tone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10132" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypertonia">Hypertonia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/7753" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spasticity">Spasticity</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Opisthotonus</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9721"><div><strong>Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9721</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0023374</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">HPRT1 disorders, caused by deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt), are typically associated with clinical evidence for overproduction of uric acid (hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis, and/or gouty arthritis) and varying degrees of neurologic and/or behavioral problems. Historically, three phenotypes were identified in the spectrum of HPRT1 disorders: Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) at the most severe end with motor dysfunction resembling severe cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and self-injurious behavior; HPRT1-related neurologic dysfunction (HND) in the intermediate range with similar but fewer severe neurologic findings than LND and no self-injurious behavior; and HPRT1-related hyperuricemia (HRH) at the mild end without overt neurologic deficits. It is now recognized that these neurobehavioral phenotypes cluster along a continuum from severe to mild.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9721">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_39017"><div><strong>Stiff-man syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39017</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0085292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is most often an adult-onset sporadic acquired disorder characterized by progressive muscle stiffness with superimposed painful muscle spasms accompanied by electromyographic evidence of continuous motor activity at rest. SPS has been associated with autoimmune disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, and hypopituitarism with adrenal insufficiency (George et al., 1984). Approximately 60% of patients with SPS have antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD2, or GAD65; 138275), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), suggesting an immune-mediated pathogenesis (Folli et al., 1993). Approximately 10% of patients develop SPS as a paraneoplastic neurologic disorder associated with antibodies to amphiphysin (AMPH; 600418), an intracellular protein associated with neuronal synaptic vesicle endocytosis (Burns, 2005). See also congenital stiff-man syndrome, or hereditary hyperexplexia (149400), which is caused by mutations in subunits of the glycine receptor gene (GLRA1, 138491; GLRB, 138492). Meinck and Thompson (2002) provided a detailed review of stiff-person syndrome. They also discussed 2 possibly related conditions, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity (PERM), a more severe disorder with other neurologic features, and stiff-limb or stiff-leg syndrome, a focal disorder.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39017">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_61565"><div><strong>Spongy degeneration of central nervous system</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61565</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0206307</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Canavan disease is a leukodystrophy characterized by neurodevelopmental delays, macrocephaly, and tone abnormalities. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from the more severe typical Canavan disease (85%-90% of individuals) to the less severe atypical Canavan disease (10%-15%). Typical Canavan disease is characterized by neurodevelopmental impairment evident by ages three to five months, followed by neurodegeneration and developmental regression. The clinical course of atypical Canavan disease is more variable, with neurodevelopmental delay usually becoming evident in the first years of life and frequently followed by developmental regression later in childhood or adolescence. All individuals with Canavan disease have reduced life expectancy, with the majority surviving to age ten years and the minority living to adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61565">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120517"><div><strong>Schinzel-Giedion syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120517</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS), an ultra-rare multisystem disorder caused by gain-of-function pathogenic variants in a SETBP1 mutational hot spot, is characterized by global neurodevelopmental impairment leading to moderate-to-profound intellectual disability, epilepsy (often refractory to treatment), hypotonia, spasticity, dysautonomia, hearing loss, and cerebral visual impairment. Other findings can include poor weight gain often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic vomiting, constipation, gastroparesis, and/or feeding intolerance. Structural malformations can involve the heart, skeleton, kidney and urinary tract, genitalia, and brain. Anomalies of the liver, spleen, and/or pancreas are less common. Other features may include neuroepithelial neoplasia, severely disrupted sleep, choanal stenosis, inguinal hernia, sensitive skin, and increased risk of infection. To date, more than 50 individuals have been reported with molecularly confirmed classic SGS. Atypical SGS, reported in five individuals to date, is caused by pathogenic SETBP1 variants in proximity to – but not within – the mutational hot spot. The broad spectrum of clinical features of variable severity partially overlaps with classic SGS; however, this spectrum does not include risk for neuroepithelial neoplasia to date.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120517">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78641"><div><strong>Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78641</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Adenylosuccinase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by an enzymatic defect in de novo purine synthesis (DNPS) pathway. ADSL deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic intermediates, including succinyladenosine (S-Ado) and succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr) in body fluids. There are 3 major phenotypic forms of the disorder that correlate with different values of the S-Ado and SAICAr concentration ratios (S-Ado/SAICAr) in the cerebrospinal fluid. These include the most severe fatal neonatal encephalopathy (S-Ado/SAICAr ratio less than 1); childhood form (type I) with severe psychomotor retardation (S-Ado/SAICAr ratio close to 1), and a milder form (type II) with psychomotor retardation or hypotonia (S-Ado/SAICAr ratio greater than 2) (summary by Baresova et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78641">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75661"><div><strong>Deficiency of cytochrome-b5 reductase</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Methemoglobinemia due to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, with resultant cyanosis and hypoxia (review by Percy and Lappin, 2008). There are 2 types of methemoglobin reductase deficiency. In type I, the defect affects the soluble form of the enzyme, is restricted to red blood cells, and causes well-tolerated methemoglobinemia. In type II, the defect affects both the soluble and microsomal forms of the enzyme and is thus generalized, affecting red cells, leukocytes, and all body tissues. Type II methemoglobinemia is associated with mental deficiency and other neurologic symptoms. The neurologic symptoms may be related to the major role played by the cytochrome b5 system in the desaturation of fatty acids (Vives-Corrons et al., 1978; Kaplan et al., 1979).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75661">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_124337"><div><strong>Glutaric aciduria, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>124337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum of untreated glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1) ranges from the more common form (infantile-onset disease) to the less common form (later-onset disease – i.e., after age 6 years). Of note, the GA-1 phenotype can vary widely between untreated family members with the same genotype, primarily as a function of the age at which the first acute encephalopathic crisis occurred: three months to six years in infantile-onset GA-1 and after age six years in later-onset GA-1. Characteristically these crises result in acute bilateral striatal injury and subsequent complex movement disorders. In the era of newborn screening (NBS), the prompt initiation of treatment of asymptomatic infants detected by NBS means that most individuals who would have developed manifestations of either infantile-onset or later-onset GA-1 remain asymptomatic; however, they may be at increased risk for other manifestations (e.g., renal disease) that are becoming apparent as the understanding of the natural history of treated GA-1 continues to evolve.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/124337">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78691"><div><strong>3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78691</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268600</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, ranging from neonatal onset with severe neurologic involvement to asymptomatic adults. There is a characteristic organic aciduria with massive excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, usually in combination with a severe secondary carnitine deficiency. MCC activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of patients is usually less than 2% of control (summary by Baumgartner et al., 2001). Also see 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria II (MCC2D; 210210), caused by mutation in the beta subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCC2; 609014).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78691">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_452447"><div><strong>D-Glyceric aciduria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>452447</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0342765</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">D-glyceric aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Some patients have an encephalopathic presentation, with severely impaired intellectual development, seizures, microcephaly, and sometimes early death, whereas others have a mild phenotype with only mild speech delay or even normal development (summary by Sass et al., 2010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/452447">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_108222"><div><strong>Chiari type II malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108222</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0555206</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Chiari malformation type II (CM2), also known as the Arnold-Chiari malformation, consists of elongation and descent of the inferior cerebellar vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, pons, medulla, and fourth ventricle through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. CM2 is uniquely associated with myelomeningocele (open spina bifida; see 182940) and is found only in this population (Stevenson, 2004). It is believed to be a disorder of neuroectodermal origin (Schijman, 2004). For a general phenotypic description of the different forms of Chiari malformations, see Chiari malformation type I (CM1; 118420).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108222">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373344"><div><strong>Microcephaly 5, primary, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373344</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1837501</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">ASPM primary microcephaly (ASPM-MCPH) is characterized by: (1) significant microcephaly (>3 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for age) usually present at birth and always present before age one year and (2) the absence of other congenital anomalies. While developmental milestones are usually normal in young children, older children have variable levels of intellectual disability. Neurologic examination is usually normal except for mild spasticity. Seizures are not common.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373344">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_374996"><div><strong>Gaucher disease perinatal lethal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374996</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1842704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Gaucher disease (GD) encompasses a continuum of clinical findings from a perinatal-lethal disorder to an asymptomatic type. The characterization of three major clinical types (1, 2, and 3) and two clinical forms (perinatal-lethal and cardiovascular) is useful in determining prognosis and management. Cardiopulmonary complications have been described with all the clinical phenotypes, although varying in frequency and severity. Type 1 GD is characterized by the presence of clinical or radiographic evidence of bone disease (osteopenia, focal lytic or sclerotic lesions, and osteonecrosis), hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lung disease, and the absence of primary central nervous system disease. Type 2 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with onset before age two years, limited psychomotor development, and a rapidly progressive course with death by age two to four years. Type 3 GD is characterized by primary central nervous system disease with childhood onset, a more slowly progressive course, and survival into the third or fourth decade. The perinatal-lethal form is associated with ichthyosiform or collodion skin abnormalities or with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular form is characterized by calcification of the aortic and mitral valves, mild splenomegaly, corneal opacities, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374996">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375289"><div><strong>Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375289</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1843807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) may present in early infancy, childhood, or adulthood. Early-infantile BTBGD presents before age three months with vomiting, feeding difficulties, encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and respiratory failure. Classic BTBGD presents between ages three and ten years with recurrent subacute encephalopathy manifesting as confusion, seizures, ataxia, supranuclear facial palsy, external ophthalmoplegia, and/or dysphagia that, if left untreated, can eventually lead to coma and even death. Dystonia and cogwheel rigidity are nearly always present; hyperreflexia, ankle clonus, and Babinski responses are common. Hemiparesis or quadriparesis may be seen. Episodes are often triggered by febrile illness or mild trauma or stress. Simple partial or generalized seizures are easily controlled with anti-seizure medication. Adult Wernicke-like encephalopathy BTBGD, described in three individuals to date, presents after age ten years with acute onset of status epilepticus, ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia. Prompt administration of biotin and thiamine early in the disease course results in partial or complete improvement within days in classic and adult BTBGD; however, most infants with early-infantile BTBGD have a poor outcome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375289">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376379"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376379</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848526</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">TSEN54 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (TSEN54-PCH) comprises three PCH phenotypes (PCH2, 4, and 5) that share characteristic neuroradiologic and neurologic findings. The three PCH phenotypes (which differ mainly in life expectancy) were considered to be distinct entities before their molecular basis was known. PCH2. Children usually succumb before age ten years (those with PCH4 and 5 usually succumb as neonates). Children with PCH2 have generalized clonus, uncoordinated sucking and swallowing, impaired cognitive development, lack of voluntary motor development, cortical blindness, and an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis during severe infections. Epilepsy is present in approximately 50%. PCH4. Neonates often have seizures, multiple joint contractures ("arthrogryposis"), generalized clonus, and central respiratory impairment. PCH5 resembles PCH4 and has been described in one family.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376379">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338577"><div><strong>Cold-induced sweating syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338577</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848947</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cold-induced sweating syndrome (CISS) and its infantile presentation, Crisponi syndrome(CS) is characterized by dysmorphic features (distinctive facies, lower facial weakness, flexion deformity at the elbows, camptodactyly with fisted hands, misshapen feet, and overriding toes); intermittent contracture of facial and oropharyngeal muscles when crying or being handled with puckering of lips and drooling of foamy saliva often associated with laryngospasm and respiratory distress; excessive startling and opisthotonus-like posturing with unexpected tactile or auditory stimuli; poor suck reflex and severely impaired swallowing; and a scaly erythematous rash. During the first decade of life, children with CISS/CS develop profuse sweating of the face, arms, and chest with ambient temperatures below 18º to 22º C, and with other stimuli including nervousness or ingestion of sweets. Affected individuals sweat very little in hot environments and may feel overheated. Progressive thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis occurs, requiring intervention in the second decade.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338577">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_381530"><div><strong>Sulfite oxidase deficiency due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381530</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) represents a spectrum, with some individuals experiencing significant signs and symptoms in the neonatal period and early infancy (termed early-onset or severe MoCD) and others developing signs and symptoms in childhood or adulthood (termed late-onset or mild MoCD). Individuals with early-onset MoCD typically present in the first days of life with severe encephalopathy, including refractory seizures, opisthotonos, axial and appendicular hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and apnea. Head imaging may demonstrate loss of gray and white matter differentiation, gyral swelling, sulci injury (typically assessed by evaluating the depth of focal lesional injury within the sulci), diffusely elevated T2-weighted signal, and panlobar diffusion restriction throughout the forebrain and midbrain with relative sparring of the brain stem. Prognosis for early-onset MoCD is poor, with about 75% succumbing in infancy to secondary complications of their neurologic disability (i.e., pneumonia). Late-onset MoCD is typically characterized by milder symptoms, such as acute neurologic decompensation in the setting of infection. Episodes vary in nature but commonly consist of altered mental status, dystonia, choreoathetosis, ataxia, nystagmus, and fluctuating hypotonia and hypertonia. These features may improve after resolution of the inciting infection or progress in a gradual or stochastic manner over the lifetime. Brain imaging may be normal or may demonstrate T2-weighted hyperintense or cystic lesions in the globus pallidus, thinning of the corpus callosum, and cerebellar atrophy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381530">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340760"><div><strong>Sulfite oxidase deficiency due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency type B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340760</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854989</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) represents a spectrum, with some individuals experiencing significant signs and symptoms in the neonatal period and early infancy (termed early-onset or severe MoCD) and others developing signs and symptoms in childhood or adulthood (termed late-onset or mild MoCD). Individuals with early-onset MoCD typically present in the first days of life with severe encephalopathy, including refractory seizures, opisthotonos, axial and appendicular hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and apnea. Head imaging may demonstrate loss of gray and white matter differentiation, gyral swelling, sulci injury (typically assessed by evaluating the depth of focal lesional injury within the sulci), diffusely elevated T2-weighted signal, and panlobar diffusion restriction throughout the forebrain and midbrain with relative sparring of the brain stem. Prognosis for early-onset MoCD is poor, with about 75% succumbing in infancy to secondary complications of their neurologic disability (i.e., pneumonia). Late-onset MoCD is typically characterized by milder symptoms, such as acute neurologic decompensation in the setting of infection. Episodes vary in nature but commonly consist of altered mental status, dystonia, choreoathetosis, ataxia, nystagmus, and fluctuating hypotonia and hypertonia. These features may improve after resolution of the inciting infection or progress in a gradual or stochastic manner over the lifetime. Brain imaging may be normal or may demonstrate T2-weighted hyperintense or cystic lesions in the globus pallidus, thinning of the corpus callosum, and cerebellar atrophy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340760">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343337"><div><strong>Maple syrup urine disease type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855371</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is categorized as classic (severe), intermediate, or intermittent. Neonates with classic MSUD are born asymptomatic but without treatment follow a predictable course: 12–24 hours. Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and alloisoleucine, as well as a generalized disturbance of amino acid concentration ratios, are present in blood and the maple syrup odor can be detected in cerumen; Two to three days. Early and nonspecific signs of metabolic intoxication (i.e., irritability, hypersomnolence, anorexia) are accompanied by the presence of branched-chain alpha-ketoacids, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in urine; Four to six days. Worsening encephalopathy manifests as lethargy, apnea, opisthotonos, and reflexive "fencing" or "bicycling" movements as the sweet maple syrup odor becomes apparent in urine; Seven to ten days. Severe intoxication culminates in critical cerebral edema, coma, and central respiratory failure. Individuals with intermediate MSUD have partial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency that manifests only intermittently or responds to dietary thiamine therapy; these individuals can experience severe metabolic intoxication and encephalopathy in the face of sufficient catabolic stress. In the era of newborn screening (NBS), the prompt initiation of treatment of asymptomatic infants detected by NBS means that most individuals who would have developed neonatal manifestations of MSUD remain asymptomatic with continued treatment adherence.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343337">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_387884"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>387884</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1857682</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis with characteristics of neonatal onset of severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory distress, persistent lactic acidosis with episodes of metabolic crises, developmental regression, microcephaly, abnormal gaze fixation and pursuit, axial hypotonia with limb spasticity and reduced spontaneous movements. Neuroimaging studies reveal polymicrogyria, white matter abnormalities and multiple cystic brain lesions, including basal ganglia, and cerebral atrophy. Decreased activity of complex I and IV have been determined in muscle biopsy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/387884">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347898"><div><strong>3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347898</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859499</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder of leucine catabolism. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, ranging from neonatal onset with severe neurologic involvement to asymptomatic adults. There is a characteristic organic aciduria with massive excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine, usually in combination with a severe secondary carnitine deficiency. MCC activity in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of patients is usually less than 2% of control (summary by Baumgartner et al., 2001). Also see 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria I (MCC1D; 210200), caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCC1; 609010).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347898">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349246"><div><strong>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 2, juvenile</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349246</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">ALS2-related disorder involves retrograde degeneration of the upper motor neurons of the pyramidal tracts and comprises a clinical continuum of the following three phenotypes: Infantile ascending hereditary spastic paraplegia (IAHSP), characterized by onset of spasticity with increased reflexes and sustained clonus of the lower limbs within the first two years of life, progressive weakness and spasticity of the upper limbs by age seven to eight years, and wheelchair dependence in the second decade with progression toward severe spastic tetraparesis and a pseudobulbar syndrome caused by progressive cranial nerve involvement. Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS), characterized by upper motor neuron findings of pseudobulbar palsy and spastic quadriplegia without dementia or cerebellar, extrapyramidal, or sensory signs. Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS or ALS2), characterized by onset between ages three and 20 years. All affected individuals show a spastic pseudobulbar syndrome (spasticity of speech and swallowing) together with spastic paraplegia. Some individuals are bedridden by age 12 to 50 years.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349246">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350085"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350085</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1861732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-29 (SCA29) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy of delayed motor development and mild cognitive delay. Affected individuals develop a very slowly progressive or nonprogressive gait and limb ataxia associated with cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Additional variable features include nystagmus, dysarthria, and tremor (summary by Huang et al., 2012). For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350085">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_393505"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>393505</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2676466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">TSEN54 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (TSEN54-PCH) comprises three PCH phenotypes (PCH2, 4, and 5) that share characteristic neuroradiologic and neurologic findings. The three PCH phenotypes (which differ mainly in life expectancy) were considered to be distinct entities before their molecular basis was known. PCH2. Children usually succumb before age ten years (those with PCH4 and 5 usually succumb as neonates). Children with PCH2 have generalized clonus, uncoordinated sucking and swallowing, impaired cognitive development, lack of voluntary motor development, cortical blindness, and an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis during severe infections. Epilepsy is present in approximately 50%. PCH4. Neonates often have seizures, multiple joint contractures ("arthrogryposis"), generalized clonus, and central respiratory impairment. PCH5 resembles PCH4 and has been described in one family.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/393505">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_443951"><div><strong>Maple syrup urine disease type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>443951</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2930990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is categorized as classic (severe), intermediate, or intermittent. Neonates with classic MSUD are born asymptomatic but without treatment follow a predictable course: 12–24 hours. Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and alloisoleucine, as well as a generalized disturbance of amino acid concentration ratios, are present in blood and the maple syrup odor can be detected in cerumen; Two to three days. Early and nonspecific signs of metabolic intoxication (i.e., irritability, hypersomnolence, anorexia) are accompanied by the presence of branched-chain alpha-ketoacids, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in urine; Four to six days. Worsening encephalopathy manifests as lethargy, apnea, opisthotonos, and reflexive "fencing" or "bicycling" movements as the sweet maple syrup odor becomes apparent in urine; Seven to ten days. Severe intoxication culminates in critical cerebral edema, coma, and central respiratory failure. Individuals with intermediate MSUD have partial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency that manifests only intermittently or responds to dietary thiamine therapy; these individuals can experience severe metabolic intoxication and encephalopathy in the face of sufficient catabolic stress. In the era of newborn screening (NBS), the prompt initiation of treatment of asymptomatic infants detected by NBS means that most individuals who would have developed neonatal manifestations of MSUD remain asymptomatic with continued treatment adherence.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/443951">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462263"><div><strong>ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462263</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3150913</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation with characteristics of facial dysmorphism (microcephaly, high forehead, low posterior hairline, strabismus), hypotonia, failure to thrive, intractable seizures, developmental delay, persistent vomiting and gastric bleeding. Additional features that may be observed include fat pads anomalies, inverted nipples, and body temperature oscillation. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene ALG11 (13q14.3).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462263">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477139"><div><strong>Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477139</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3275508</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome-2 (MCAHS2) is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dysmorphic features, neonatal hypotonia, early-onset myoclonic seizures, and variable congenital anomalies involving the central nervous, cardiac, and urinary systems. Some affected individuals die in infancy (summary by Johnston et al., 2012). The phenotype shows clinical variability with regard to severity and extraneurologic features. However, most patients present in infancy with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy associated with developmental arrest and subsequent severe neurologic disability; these features are consistent with a form of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) (summary by Belet et al., 2014, Kato et al., 2014). The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS, see MCAHS1 (614080). For a discussion of nomenclature and genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477139">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_478062"><div><strong>Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>478062</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3276432</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-1 (MMDS1) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder of systemic energy metabolism, resulting in weakness, respiratory failure, lack of neurologic development, lactic acidosis, and early death (Seyda et al., 2001). Genetic Heterogeneity of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome See also MMDS2 (614299), caused by mutation in the BOLA3 gene (613183) on chromosome 2p13; MMDS3 (615330), caused by mutation in the IBA57 gene (615316) on chromosome 1q42; MMDS4 (616370), caused by mutation in the ISCA2 gene (615317) on chromosome 14q24; MMDS5 (617613), caused by mutation in the ISCA1 gene (611006) on chromosome 9q21; MMDS6 (617954), caused by mutation in the PMPCB gene (603131) on chromosome 7q22; MMDS7 (620423), caused by mutation in the GCSH gene (238330) on chromosome 16q23; MMDS8 (251900), caused by mutation in the FDX2 gene (614585) on chromosome 19p13; MMDS9A (617717) and MMDS9B (620887), both caused by mutation in the FDXR gene (103270) on chromosome 17q25.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/478062">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481430"><div><strong>Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3279800</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome (KPLBS) is a rare disorder characterized by severely delayed psychomotor development, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, generalized lipodystrophy giving an aged appearance, and distinctive dysmorphic features, including microcephaly, prominent eyes, narrow nasal bridge, and open mouth (summary by Masotti et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767140"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767140</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554226</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7 (PCH7) is a severe neurologic condition characterized by delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, breathing abnormalities, and gonadal abnormalities (summary by Anderson et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PCH, see PCH1 (607596).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767140">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_862925"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>862925</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014488</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2E (PCH2E) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by profoundly impaired intellectual development, progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and early-onset epilepsy (summary by Feinstein et al., 2014). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2, see PCH2A (277470).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/862925">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903789"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 (cardioencephalomyopathic type)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903789</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225163</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the OPA1 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903789">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934732"><div><strong>Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934732</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310765</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SLC39A14 deficiency is typically characterized by evidence of delay or loss of motor developmental milestones (e.g., delayed walking, gait disturbance) between ages six months and three years. Early in the disease course, children show axial hypotonia followed by dystonia, spasticity, dysarthria, bulbar dysfunction, and signs of parkinsonism including bradykinesia, hypomimia, and tremor. By the end of the first decade, they develop severe, generalized, pharmaco-resistant dystonia, limb contractures, and scoliosis, and lose independent ambulation. Cognitive impairment appears to be less prominent than motor disability. Some affected children have died in their first decade due to secondary complications such as respiratory infections. One individual with disease onset during the late teens has been reported, suggesting that milder adult presentation can occur.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934732">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1381460"><div><strong>Immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1381460</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4479452</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1381460">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648309"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648309</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth (NEDSG) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe early-onset encephalopathy with progressive microcephaly (Nahorski et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648309">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684801"><div><strong>Snijders blok-fisher syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684801</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5231424</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Snijders Blok-Fisher syndrome (SNIBFIS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, variable impaired intellectual development, and specifically impaired speech and language acquisition. Patients achieve independent ambulation and most have mildly to moderately impaired cognition with autistic features, although a few may develop seizures and have a more severe phenotype. Dysmorphic features include abnormal, cupped, or prominent ears and ocular anomalies. Mutations usually occur de novo, although 1 family with autosomal dominant inheritance has been reported (summary by Snijders Blok et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684801">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1720141"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 84</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720141</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5394081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-84 (DEE84) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first months or years of life. Affected individuals have severely impaired global development with impaired intellectual development, absent speech, and inability to walk. Other features include axial hypotonia, peripheral spasticity, feeding difficulties that sometimes necessitate tube feeding, and mild dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging may show nonspecific findings such as cerebral/cerebellar atrophy and/or hypomyelination. The severity of the disorder is variable (summary by Hengel et al., 2020). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720141">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1783339"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1783339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543281</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1783339">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794216"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language and ataxia and with or without seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794216</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562006</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language and ataxia and with or without seizures (NEDLAS) is characterized by axial hypotonia and global developmental delay apparent in early infancy. Affected individuals have delayed walking with gait ataxia and poor language development. Behavioral abnormalities also commonly occur. The severity is highly variable: a subset of patients have a more severe phenotype with early-onset seizures resembling epileptic encephalopathy, inability to walk or speak, and hypomyelination on brain imaging (summary by Stolz et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794216">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794250"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder, nonprogressive, with spasticity and transient opisthotonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794250</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562040</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and transient opisthotonus (NEDSTO) is an autosomal recessive complex neurologic disorder characterized by delay of gross motor milestones, particularly walking, associated with axial hypotonia and peripheral spasticity apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals often show transient opisthotonic posturing in infancy, and later show abnormal involuntary movements, including chorea, dystonia, and dyspraxia. Some patients have impaired intellectual development, although the severity is highly variable; most have speech delay and articulation difficulties and a happy overall demeanor. Brain imaging shows myelination defects in some patients. The disorder is nonprogressive, and many patients may catch up developmentally in the second or third decades (summary by Wagner et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794250">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794262"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794262</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5562052</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis (NEDMSC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severely impaired global development apparent from infancy, progressive microcephaly, and neonatal cholestasis manifest as jaundice and elevated liver enzymes. The liver disease resolves, but affected individuals show feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, hypotonia, seizures, hyperkinetic movements, irritability, and poor eye contact or vision, and achieve almost no motor or cognitive developmental milestones. Brain imaging demonstrates agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Death in early childhood may occur (summary by Schneeberger et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794262">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1799031"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1799031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5567608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-27 (COXPD27) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized mainly by neurologic features, including delayed development, seizures, abnormal movements, and neurologic regression. Age at onset, ranging from infancy to late childhood, and severity are variable. Other features include hypotonia, myoclonus, brain imaging abnormalities, and evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Liver dysfunction has also been reported (summary by Samanta et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1799031">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1810214"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1810214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676893</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">CLPB (caseinolytic peptidase B) deficiency is characterized by neurologic involvement and neutropenia, which can range from severe to mild. In severe CLPB deficiency, death usually occurs at a few months of age due to significant neonatal neurologic involvement (hyperekplexia or absence of voluntary movements, hypotonia or hypertonia, swallowing problems, respiratory insufficiency, and epilepsy) and severe neutropenia associated with life-threatening infections. Individuals with moderate CLPB deficiency present with neurologic abnormalities in infancy including hypotonia and feeding problems, and develop spasticity, a progressive movement disorder (ataxia, dystonia, and/or dyskinesia), epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Neutropenia is variable, but not life threatening. In those with mild CLPB deficiency there is no neurologic involvement, intellect is normal, neutropenia is mild and intermittent, and life expectancy is normal.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1810214">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1805172"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 101</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1805172</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676955</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-101 (DEE101) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and severe global developmental delay (summary by Blakes et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1805172">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801540"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with progressive microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676972</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with progressive microcephaly (CONPM) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy. The phenotype is highly variable: the most severely affected individuals have severe and progressive microcephaly, early-onset seizures, lack of visual tracking, and almost no developmental milestones, resulting in early death. Less severely affected individuals have a small head circumference and severely impaired intellectual development with poor speech and motor delay. Additional features may include poor overall growth, axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia with spasticity, undescended testes, and cerebral atrophy with neuronal loss (Lam et al., 2019 and Vanoevelen et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809962"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 103</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677002</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-103 (DEE103) is characterized by onset of various types of seizures in the first year of life, most of which are refractory to treatment. Affected individuals show global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development ranging from mild to severe. Additional features may include hypotonia, ataxia, and behavioral abnormalities, including autism and hyperactivity (Schwarz et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809962">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841095"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 31B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841095</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830459</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-31B (DEE31B) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder with early-onset epilepsy, generalized muscular hypotonia, visual impairment, and severe neurodevelopmental delay (Yigit et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841095">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841300"><div><strong>Auriculocondylar syndrome 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841300</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830664</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">ARCND2B is characterized by the typical features of auriculocondylar syndrome, including the pathognomonic question mark ears, consisting of a variable degree of clefting between the helix and earlobe, as well as hypoplasia of the mandibular condyle, temporomandibular joint abnormalities, micrognathia, microstomia, glossoptosis, and a round facial appearance with prominent cheeks. Patients have difficulty chewing, respiratory abnormalities, snoring, and obstructive and central apneas. In addition, they experience severe gastrointestinal problems, including feeding difficulties with failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux, and chronic constipation, and male patients show macropenis whereas female patients may exhibit clitoromegaly (summary by Leoni et al., 2016). Heterozygous mutation in the PLCB4 gene also causes an autosomal dominant form of auriculocondylar syndrome (see ARCND2A, 614669). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of auriculocondylar syndrome, see ARCND1 (602483).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841300">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1863149"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1863149</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935585</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities (NEDMSB) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by failure to thrive in infancy, global developmental delay, hypotonia, motor abnormalities with inability to walk, involuntary movements, impaired intellectual development, absent speech, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities (Alkhater et al., 2018; Dafsari et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1863149">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1859161"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 113</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1859161</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935597</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-113 (DEE113) is characterized by severe early-onset recurrent epilepsy, which is worsened by treatment with levetiracetam. Patients develop secondary failure of growth and development (summary by and Huq, 2015 and Al-Maawali et al., 2024). For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of DEE, see 308350.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1859161">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78691" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347898" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1810214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78641" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462263" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (49)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349246" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 2, juvenile</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841300" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Auriculocondylar syndrome 2B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_375289" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_108222" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chiari type II malformation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338577" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cold-induced sweating syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1799031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_387884" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_452447" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">D-Glyceric aciduria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deficiency of cytochrome-b5 reductase</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1805172" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 101</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 103</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1859161" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 113</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841095" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 31B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1720141" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 84</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_374996" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gaucher disease perinatal lethal</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_124337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glutaric aciduria, type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934732" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1381460" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunoskeletal dysplasia with neurodevelopmental abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Keppen-Lubinsky syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_9721" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lesch-Nyhan syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_443951" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Maple syrup urine disease type 1B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Maple syrup urine disease type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373344" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly 5, primary, autosomal recessive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1783339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 37</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903789" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 14 (cardioencephalomyopathic type)</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477139" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_478062" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801540" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with progressive microcephaly</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1863149" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794216" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired language and ataxia and with or without seizures</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794262" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648309" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity and poor growth</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794250" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder, nonprogressive, with spasticity and transient opisthotonus</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_376379" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2A</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_393505" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_862925" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2E</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767140" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120517" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Schinzel-Giedion syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684801" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Snijders blok-fisher syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350085" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 29</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_61565" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spongy degeneration of central nervous system</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_39017" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Stiff-man syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_381530" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sulfite oxidase deficiency due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340760" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sulfite oxidase deficiency due to molybdenum cofactor deficiency type B</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17717703">Opisthotonus and intrathecal treatment with baclofen (ITB) in children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ceulemans B,
|
||
van Rhijn J,
|
||
Kenis S,
|
||
Krols R,
|
||
Laridon A,
|
||
Van Havenbergh T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2008 Jun;167(6):641-5.
|
||
Epub 2007 Aug 24
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00431-007-0563-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17717703" target="_blank">17717703</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22opisthotonus%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33673369">Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections in Childhood Opisthotonus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hull M,
|
||
Parnes M,
|
||
Jankovic J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxins (Basel)</span>
|
||
2021 Feb 12;13(2)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/toxins13020137.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33673369" target="_blank">33673369</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7918608" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32416284">Tetanus of suspected dental causality.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baviskar PS,
|
||
Ahuja SA,
|
||
Natarajan S,
|
||
Bagchi PR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;122(1):115-118.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 13
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.05.004.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32416284" target="_blank">32416284</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23736975">Dystonic opisthotonus: a "red flag" for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation syndromes?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stamelou M,
|
||
Lai SC,
|
||
Aggarwal A,
|
||
Schneider SA,
|
||
Houlden H,
|
||
Yeh TH,
|
||
Batla A,
|
||
Lu CS,
|
||
Bhatt M,
|
||
Bhatia KP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2013 Sep;28(10):1325-9.
|
||
Epub 2013 Jun 4
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.25490.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23736975" target="_blank">23736975</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4208296" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22140128">Neurologic presentation, diagnostics, and therapeutic insights in a severe case of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jurecka A,
|
||
Opoka-Winiarska V,
|
||
Rokicki D,
|
||
Tylki-Szymańska A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
|
||
2012 May;27(5):645-9.
|
||
Epub 2011 Dec 2
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0883073811424465.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22140128" target="_blank">22140128</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17470294">Outcome of life-threatening malaria in African children requiring endotracheal intubation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gérardin P,
|
||
Rogier C,
|
||
Ka AS,
|
||
Jouvencel P,
|
||
Diatta B,
|
||
Imbert P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Malar J</span>
|
||
2007 Apr 30;6:51.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-51.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17470294" target="_blank">17470294</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1867821" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opisthotonus%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (29)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37019664">Arnold Chiari malformation classified as Chiari 1.5 malformation in a Japanese black calf.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sato S,
|
||
Kakizaki T,
|
||
Kondo K,
|
||
Kanno C,
|
||
Maeda Y,
|
||
Ando R,
|
||
Park CH,
|
||
Kawaguchi H,
|
||
Takahashi F</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Vet Med Sci</span>
|
||
2023 May 3;85(5):546-550.
|
||
Epub 2023 Apr 6
|
||
doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0463.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37019664" target="_blank">37019664</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10209467" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35984556">Novel Mutations in CRLF1: Case Reports with Crisponi Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">A R,
|
||
Chandran S,
|
||
Ghatak AR,
|
||
Thomas N,
|
||
Danda S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2022 Nov;89(11):1148-1150.
|
||
Epub 2022 Aug 19
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04263-4.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35984556" target="_blank">35984556</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25625401">An old woman with pressure ulcer, rigidity, and opisthotonus: never forget tetanus!</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Verde F,
|
||
Riboldi G,
|
||
Zappa C,
|
||
Ferretti M,
|
||
Silani V,
|
||
Mari D,
|
||
Priori A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2014 Dec 20;384(9961):2266.
|
||
Epub 2014 Dec 19
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61832-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25625401" target="_blank">25625401</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18547774">Opisthotonus in neurosyphilis: a case report.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chauhan VV,
|
||
Pickens AT 4th</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Emerg Med</span>
|
||
2011 Dec;41(6):613-5.
|
||
Epub 2008 Jun 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.04.038.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18547774" target="_blank">18547774</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1440220">A case of double-compartment hydrocephalus presenting with opisthotonus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ersahin Y,
|
||
Mutluer S,
|
||
Güzelbag E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surg Neurol</span>
|
||
1992 Oct;38(4):291-3.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0090-3019(92)90044-n.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1440220" target="_blank">1440220</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opisthotonus%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (73)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33890056">Delayed Neurological Sequelae in an Infant After Carbon Monoxide Intoxication.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lai YH,
|
||
Chen LW,
|
||
Hsueh YY</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Burn Care Res</span>
|
||
2021 Sep 30;42(5):1035-1037.
|
||
doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irab074.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33890056" target="_blank">33890056</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28057843">Diphenhydramine for Acute Extrapyramidal Symptoms After Propofol Administration.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sherer J,
|
||
Salazar T,
|
||
Schesing KB,
|
||
McPartland S,
|
||
Kornitzer J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
|
||
2017 Feb;139(2)
|
||
Epub 2017 Jan 5
|
||
doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1135.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28057843" target="_blank">28057843</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25625401">An old woman with pressure ulcer, rigidity, and opisthotonus: never forget tetanus!</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Verde F,
|
||
Riboldi G,
|
||
Zappa C,
|
||
Ferretti M,
|
||
Silani V,
|
||
Mari D,
|
||
Priori A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
|
||
2014 Dec 20;384(9961):2266.
|
||
Epub 2014 Dec 19
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61832-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25625401" target="_blank">25625401</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7486125">Opisthotonus and thiopental.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hooda S,
|
||
Kiran S,
|
||
Thapa D,
|
||
Chhabra B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Anesth Analg</span>
|
||
1995 Dec;81(6):1309-10.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00000539-199512000-00035.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7486125" target="_blank">7486125</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1440220">A case of double-compartment hydrocephalus presenting with opisthotonus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ersahin Y,
|
||
Mutluer S,
|
||
Güzelbag E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surg Neurol</span>
|
||
1992 Oct;38(4):291-3.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0090-3019(92)90044-n.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1440220" target="_blank">1440220</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opisthotonus%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (42)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33358637">Status dystonicus associated with CLN8 disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yıldırım M,
|
||
Köse E,
|
||
Keçeli AM,
|
||
Balasar Ö,
|
||
Şimşek N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
|
||
2021 Apr;43(4):571-575.
|
||
Epub 2020 Dec 24
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.12.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33358637" target="_blank">33358637</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33287753">Citalopram intoxication in four week old infant.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Janson JA,
|
||
Wasylewicz ATM,
|
||
Eijkemans M,
|
||
Kerskes M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Pediatr</span>
|
||
2020 Dec 7;20(1):552.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02439-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33287753" target="_blank">33287753</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7722423" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24032286">Crisponi syndrome: a new mutation in CRLF1 gene associated with moderate outcome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Uzunalic N,
|
||
Zenciroglu A,
|
||
Beken S,
|
||
Piras R,
|
||
Dilli D,
|
||
Aydin B,
|
||
Chiappe F,
|
||
Okumus N,
|
||
Crisponi L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Couns</span>
|
||
2013;24(2):161-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24032286" target="_blank">24032286</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22140128">Neurologic presentation, diagnostics, and therapeutic insights in a severe case of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jurecka A,
|
||
Opoka-Winiarska V,
|
||
Rokicki D,
|
||
Tylki-Szymańska A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
|
||
2012 May;27(5):645-9.
|
||
Epub 2011 Dec 2
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0883073811424465.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22140128" target="_blank">22140128</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3875699">Intraventricular hemorrhage in a term neonate secondary to a third ventricular AVM. Case report.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Heafner MD,
|
||
Duncan CC,
|
||
Kier EL,
|
||
Ment LR,
|
||
Scott DT,
|
||
Kolaski R,
|
||
Sorgen C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurosurg</span>
|
||
1985 Oct;63(4):640-3.
|
||
doi: 10.3171/jns.1985.63.4.0640.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3875699" target="_blank">3875699</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opisthotonus%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (30)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35984556">Novel Mutations in CRLF1: Case Reports with Crisponi Syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">A R,
|
||
Chandran S,
|
||
Ghatak AR,
|
||
Thomas N,
|
||
Danda S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Pediatr</span>
|
||
2022 Nov;89(11):1148-1150.
|
||
Epub 2022 Aug 19
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04263-4.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35984556" target="_blank">35984556</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31172617">Fetal seizure: A video recording and possible etiology.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takahashi H,
|
||
Matsubara T,
|
||
Horie K,
|
||
Kobayashi A,
|
||
Furukawa R,
|
||
Matsubara S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Obstet Gynaecol Res</span>
|
||
2019 Aug;45(8):1619-1625.
|
||
Epub 2019 Jun 7
|
||
doi: 10.1111/jog.14016.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31172617" target="_blank">31172617</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23736975">Dystonic opisthotonus: a "red flag" for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation syndromes?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stamelou M,
|
||
Lai SC,
|
||
Aggarwal A,
|
||
Schneider SA,
|
||
Houlden H,
|
||
Yeh TH,
|
||
Batla A,
|
||
Lu CS,
|
||
Bhatt M,
|
||
Bhatia KP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2013 Sep;28(10):1325-9.
|
||
Epub 2013 Jun 4
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.25490.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23736975" target="_blank">23736975</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4208296" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23400857">The spectrum of movement disorders in children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baizabal-Carvallo JF,
|
||
Stocco A,
|
||
Muscal E,
|
||
Jankovic J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2013 Apr;28(4):543-7.
|
||
Epub 2013 Feb 11
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.25354.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23400857" target="_blank">23400857</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17470294">Outcome of life-threatening malaria in African children requiring endotracheal intubation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gérardin P,
|
||
Rogier C,
|
||
Ka AS,
|
||
Jouvencel P,
|
||
Diatta B,
|
||
Imbert P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Malar J</span>
|
||
2007 Apr 30;6:51.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-51.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17470294" target="_blank">17470294</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1867821" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Opisthotonus%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (29)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0151818%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (3)</a></li>
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