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<!--
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||
UID=54
|
||
ConceptID=C0000889
|
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Acanthosis nigricans</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>54</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0000889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Acanthosis Nigrican; Acanthosis Nigricans; Nigrican, Acanthosis; Nigricans, Acanthosis</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Keratosis nigricans (72129000); Acanthosis nigricans (402599005)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000956">HP:0000956</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0007035" target="_blank">MONDO:0007035</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/100600" target="_blank">100600</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=924">ORPHA924</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0000889[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=54">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=54" target="_blank" href="/omim/100600">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=54" ref="ncbi_uid=54">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Acanthosis nigricans</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419638" ref="tree=GTR&ncbi_uid=419638&link_uid=419638" title="View MedGen record for 'Familial acanthosis nigricans'">Familial acanthosis nigricans</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/21047" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms">Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pathological process">Pathological process</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/20777" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Skin disorder">Skin disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4233" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dermatitis">Dermatitis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Acanthosis nigricans</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419638" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Familial acanthosis nigricans">Familial acanthosis nigricans</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82708"><div><strong>Leprechaunism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265344</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">INSR-related severe insulin resistance syndrome (INSR-SIRS) comprises a phenotypic spectrum that is a continuum from the severe phenotype of Donohue syndrome to the milder phenotype of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS). Donohue syndrome is characterized by severe insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia with associated fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia), severe prenatal growth restriction, postnatal growth failure, hypotonia, developmental delay, characteristic facies (proptosis, infraorbital folds, large, low-set, posteriorly rotated ears, thick vermilion of the upper and lower lips, and gingival hypertrophy), and organomegaly involving the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and ovaries. Death usually occurs before age one year. RMS, at the milder end of the spectrum, is characterized by severe insulin resistance that, although not as severe as that of Donohue syndrome, is nonetheless accompanied by fluctuations in blood glucose levels, diabetic ketoacidosis, and – in the second decade – microvascular complications. Findings can range from severe growth delay and intellectual disability to normal growth and development. Facial features can be milder than those of Donohue syndrome. Complications of longstanding hyperglycemia are the most common cause of death. While death usually occurs in the second decade, some affected individuals live longer.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82708">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78675"><div><strong>Alstrom syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78675</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0268425</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Alström syndrome is characterized by cone-rod dystrophy, obesity, progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, acute infantile-onset cardiomyopathy and/or adolescent- or adult-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance / type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and chronic progressive kidney disease. Cone-rod dystrophy presents as progressive visual impairment, photophobia, and nystagmus usually starting between birth and age 15 months. Many individuals lose all perception of light by the end of the second decade, but a minority retain the ability to read large print into the third decade. Children usually have normal birth weight but develop truncal obesity during their first year. Sensorineural hearing loss presents in the first decade in as many as 70% of individuals and may progress to the severe or moderately severe range (40-70 db) by the end of the first to second decade. Insulin resistance is typically accompanied by the skin changes of acanthosis nigricans, and proceeds to T2DM in the majority by the third decade. Nearly all demonstrate hypertriglyceridemia. Other findings can include endocrine abnormalities (hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in males, and hyperandrogenism in females), urologic dysfunction / detrusor instability, progressive decrease in renal function, and hepatic disease (ranging from elevated transaminases to steatohepatitis/NAFLD). Approximately 20% of affected individuals have delay in early developmental milestones, most commonly in gross and fine motor skills. About 30% have a learning disability. Cognitive impairment (IQ <70) is very rare. Wide clinical variability is observed among affected individuals, even within the same family.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78675">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78783"><div><strong>Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78783</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0271695</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">INSR-related severe insulin resistance syndrome (INSR-SIRS) comprises a phenotypic spectrum that is a continuum from the severe phenotype of Donohue syndrome to the milder phenotype of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS). Donohue syndrome is characterized by severe insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia with associated fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia), severe prenatal growth restriction, postnatal growth failure, hypotonia, developmental delay, characteristic facies (proptosis, infraorbital folds, large, low-set, posteriorly rotated ears, thick vermilion of the upper and lower lips, and gingival hypertrophy), and organomegaly involving the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and ovaries. Death usually occurs before age one year. RMS, at the milder end of the spectrum, is characterized by severe insulin resistance that, although not as severe as that of Donohue syndrome, is nonetheless accompanied by fluctuations in blood glucose levels, diabetic ketoacidosis, and – in the second decade – microvascular complications. Findings can range from severe growth delay and intellectual disability to normal growth and development. Facial features can be milder than those of Donohue syndrome. Complications of longstanding hyperglycemia are the most common cause of death. While death usually occurs in the second decade, some affected individuals live longer.</div>
|
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78783">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98376"><div><strong>Hypochondroplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98376</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0410529</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypochondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature; stocky build; disproportionately short arms and legs; broad, short hands and feet; mild joint laxity; and macrocephaly. Radiologic features include shortening of long bones with mild metaphyseal flare; narrowing of the inferior lumbar interpedicular distances; short, broad femoral neck; and squared, shortened ilia. The skeletal features are very similar to those seen in achondroplasia but tend to be milder. Medical complications common to achondroplasia (e.g., spinal stenosis, tibial bowing, obstructive apnea) occur less frequently in hypochondroplasia but intellectual disability and epilepsy may be more prevalent. Children usually present as toddlers or at early school age with decreased growth velocity leading to short stature and limb disproportion. Other features also become more prominent over time.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98376">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_108454"><div><strong>Costello syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0587248</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">While the majority of individuals with HRAS-related Costello syndrome (Costello syndrome) share characteristic findings affecting multiple organ systems, the phenotypic spectrum is wide, ranging from a mild or attenuated phenotype to a severe phenotype with early-lethal complications. Costello syndrome is typically characterized by failure to thrive in infancy as a result of severe postnatal feeding difficulties; short stature; developmental delay or intellectual disability; coarse facial features (full lips, large mouth, full nasal tip); curly or sparse, fine hair; loose, soft skin with deep palmar and plantar creases; papillomata of the face and perianal region; diffuse hypotonia and joint laxity with ulnar deviation of the wrists and fingers; tight Achilles tendons; and cardiac involvement including cardiac hypertrophy (usually hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), congenital heart defects (usually valvular pulmonic stenosis), and arrhythmia (usually supraventricular tachycardia, especially abnormal atrial rhythm / multifocal atrial tachycardia or ectopic atrial tachycardia). Relative or absolute macrocephaly is typical, and postnatal cerebellar overgrowth can result in the development of a Chiari I malformation with associated anomalies including hydrocephalus or syringomyelia. Individuals with Costello syndrome have an approximately 15% lifetime risk for malignant tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma in young children and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in adolescents and young adults.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108454">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_318591"><div><strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy, Kobberling type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318591</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 1 (FPLD1), or Kobberling-type lipodystrophy, is characterized by loss of adipose tissue confined to the extremities, with normal or increased distribution of fat on the face, neck, and trunk (Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318591">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354526"><div><strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution beginning in late childhood or early adult life. Affected individuals gradually lose fat from the upper and lower extremities and the gluteal and truncal regions, resulting in a muscular appearance with prominent superficial veins. In some patients, adipose tissue accumulates on the face and neck, causing a double chin, fat neck, or cushingoid appearance. Metabolic abnormalities include insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus with acanthosis nigricans and hypertriglyceridemia; hirsutism and menstrual abnormalities occur infrequently. Familial partial lipodystrophy may also be referred to as lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus, but the essential feature is loss of subcutaneous fat (review by Garg, 2004). The disorder may be misdiagnosed as Cushing disease (see 219080) (Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986; Garg, 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Familial partial lipodystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Types 1 and 2 were originally described as clinical subtypes: type 1 (FPLD1; 608600), characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat confined to the limbs (Kobberling et al., 1975), and FPLD2, characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the limbs and trunk (Dunnigan et al., 1974; Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986). No genetic basis for FPLD1 has yet been delineated. FPLD3 (604367) is caused by mutation in the PPARG gene (601487) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD4 (613877) is caused by mutation in the PLIN1 gene (170290) on chromosome 15q26; FPLD5 (615238) is caused by mutation in the CIDEC gene (612120) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD6 (615980) is caused by mutation in the LIPE gene (151750) on chromosome 19q13; FPLD7 (606721) is caused by mutation in the CAV1 gene (601047) on chromosome 7q31; FPLD8 (620679), caused by mutation in the ADRA2A gene (104210) on chromosome 10q25; and FPLD9 (620683), caused by mutation in the PLAAT3 gene (613867) on chromosome 11q12.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_328393"><div><strong>PPARG-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>328393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities. Calves and lower arms appear prominently muscular. Excess subcutaneous facial, neck, suprascapular, and abdominal fat may be present. Patients have insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and develop type 2 diabetes (summary by Hegele et al., 2002, Agarwal and Garg, 2002). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/328393">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_318592"><div><strong>Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318592</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720862</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is usually diagnosed at birth or soon thereafter. Because of the absence of functional adipocytes, lipid is stored in other tissues, including muscle and liver. Affected individuals develop insulin resistance and approximately 25%-35% develop diabetes mellitus between ages 15 and 20 years. Hepatomegaly secondary to hepatic steatosis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy occur in all affected individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reported in 20%-25% of affected individuals and is a significant cause of morbidity from cardiac failure and early mortality.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318592">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_318593"><div><strong>Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318593</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720863</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is usually diagnosed at birth or soon thereafter. Because of the absence of functional adipocytes, lipid is stored in other tissues, including muscle and liver. Affected individuals develop insulin resistance and approximately 25%-35% develop diabetes mellitus between ages 15 and 20 years. Hepatomegaly secondary to hepatic steatosis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy occur in all affected individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reported in 20%-25% of affected individuals and is a significant cause of morbidity from cardiac failure and early mortality.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318593">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371331"><div><strong>Ectodermal dysplasia with natal teeth, Turnpenny type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371331</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1832444</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare disorder with manifestation of hypo or oligodontia and acanthosis nigricans. It has been described in four generations of one family. Onset generally occurs during adolescence. Some patients are born with multiple teeth. Hair anomalies (sparse body and scalp hair) also reported. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371331">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340317"><div><strong>Retinitis pigmentosa-intellectual disability-deafness-hypogenitalism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340317</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1849401</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare syndromic retinitis pigmentosa characterized by pigmentary retinopathy, diabetes mellitus with hyperinsulinism, acanthosis nigricans, secondary cataracts, neurogenic deafness, short stature mild hypogonadism in males and polycystic ovaries with oligomenorrhea in females. Inheritance is thought to be autosomal recessive. It can be distinguished from Alstrom syndrome (see this term) by the presence of intellectual disability and the absence of renal insufficiency. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340317">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_377668"><div><strong>Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>377668</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1852406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome (BSTVS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by the furrowed skin disorder of cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, craniosynostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism, digital anomalies, umbilical and anogenital abnormalities, and early death (summary by Przylepa et al., 1996).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/377668">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_348051"><div><strong>Acanthosis nigricans-insulin resistance-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>348051</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1860215</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">This syndrome is characterised by the association of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, severe muscle cramps and acral hypertrophy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/348051">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_393098"><div><strong>Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>393098</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2674173</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">SADDAN dysplasia (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a very rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by the constellation of these features. Radiology reveals 'ram's horn' shaped clavicles and reverse bowing of lower limbs. Approximately half of patients die before the fourth week of life secondary to respiratory failure (summary by Zankl et al., 2008).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/393098">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_436541"><div><strong>Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2675861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is usually diagnosed at birth or soon thereafter. Because of the absence of functional adipocytes, lipid is stored in other tissues, including muscle and liver. Affected individuals develop insulin resistance and approximately 25%-35% develop diabetes mellitus between ages 15 and 20 years. Hepatomegaly secondary to hepatic steatosis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy occur in all affected individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reported in 20%-25% of affected individuals and is a significant cause of morbidity from cardiac failure and early mortality.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436541">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394201"><div><strong>Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394201</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2677099</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans is considered to be a distinct disorder from classic Crouzon syndrome (123500), which is caused by mutation in the FGFR2 gene (176943). Cohen (1999) argued that this condition is separate from Crouzon syndrome for 2 main reasons: it is caused by a highly specific mutation of the FGFR3 gene, whereas multiple different FGFR2 mutations result in Crouzon syndrome, and the phenotypes are different.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394201">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412871"><div><strong>Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412871</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2750069</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is usually diagnosed at birth or soon thereafter. Because of the absence of functional adipocytes, lipid is stored in other tissues, including muscle and liver. Affected individuals develop insulin resistance and approximately 25%-35% develop diabetes mellitus between ages 15 and 20 years. Hepatomegaly secondary to hepatic steatosis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy occur in all affected individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reported in 20%-25% of affected individuals and is a significant cause of morbidity from cardiac failure and early mortality.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412871">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419638"><div><strong>Familial acanthosis nigricans</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419638</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2930792</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An instance of acanthosis nigricans (disease) that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419638">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766296"><div><strong>Cortisone reductase deficiency 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766296</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3553382</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cortisone reductase deficiency is a disorder in which there is a failure to regenerate the active glucocorticoid cortisol from cortisone via the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, encoded by the HSD11B1 gene. Purified 11-beta-HSD acts readily as a dehydrogenase, inactivating cortisol to cortisone; however, in the presence of a high NADPH/NADP+ ratio, generated in vivo through the activity of microsomal hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD; 138090), 11-beta-HSD switches to ketoreductase activity and generates active glucocorticoid. Lack of cortisol regeneration stimulates ACTH-mediated adrenal hyperandrogenism, with males manifesting in early life with precocious pseudopuberty and females presenting later with hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, and infertility. Biochemically, CORTRD is diagnosed through the assessment of urinary cortisol and cortisone metabolites and consists of measuring the ratio of tetrahydrocortisol (THF) plus 5-alpha-THF to tetrahydrocortisone (THE), which in CORTRD patients is typically less than 0.1 (reference range, 0.7 to 1.2) (summary by Lawson et al., 2011). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of cortisone reductase deficiency, see CORTRD1 (604931).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766296">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_813897"><div><strong>Partial lipodystrophy, congenital cataracts, and neurodegeneration syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813897</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3807567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Lipodystrophies are rare disorders characterized by loss of body fat from various regions and predisposition to metabolic complications of insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. FPLD7 is an autosomal dominant disorder with a highly variable phenotype. Additional features, including early-onset cataracts and later onset of spasticity of the lower limbs, have been noted in some patients (summary by Garg et al., 2015). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813897">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815270"><div><strong>CIDEC-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815270</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3808940</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare genetic lipodystrophy with characteristics of abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution, resulting in preservation of visceral, neck and axillary fat and absence of lower limb and gluteofemoral subcutaneous fat. Additional clinical features are acanthosis nigricans, insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension, leading to pancreatitis, hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815270">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815580"><div><strong>Estrogen resistance syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815580</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3809250</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Estrogen resistance (ESTRR) is characterized by absence of puberty with elevated estradiol and gonadotropic hormones, as well as markedly delayed bone maturation. Female patients show absent breast development, small uterus, and enlarged multicystic ovaries; male patients may show small testes (Bernard et al., 2017). Some patients exhibit continued growth into adulthood (Smith et al., 1994).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815580">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_856021"><div><strong>X-linked acrogigantism due to Xq26 microduplication</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>856021</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3891556</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked acrogigantism is the occurrence of pituitary gigantism in an individual heterozygous or hemizygous for a germline or somatic duplication of GPR101. X-linked acrogigantism is characterized by acceleration of linear growth in early childhood – in most cases during the first two years of life – due to growth hormone (GH) excess. Most individuals with X-linked acrogigantism present with associated hyperprolactinemia due to a mixed GH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma with or without associated hyperplasia; less commonly they develop diffuse hyperplasia of the GH- and prolactin-secreting pituitary cells without a pituitary adenoma. Most affected individuals are females. Growth acceleration is the main presenting feature; other frequently observed clinical features include enlargement of hands and feet, coarsening of the facial features, and increased appetite. Neurologic signs or symptoms are rarely present. Untreated X-linked acrogigantism can lead to markedly increased stature, with obvious severe physical and psychological sequelae.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/856021">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863306"><div><strong>LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863306</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014869</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 6 (FPLD6) is characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution, with variable excess accumulation of fat in the face, neck, shoulders, axillae, back, abdomen, and pubic region, and reduction in subcutaneous fat of the lower extremities. Progressive adult-onset myopathy is seen in some patients, and there is variable association with diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and hepatic steatosis (Zolotov et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863306">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895448"><div><strong>Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895448</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225288</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">In patients with SSMED, short stature and microcephaly are apparent at birth, and there is progressive postnatal growth failure. Endocrine dysfunction, including hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multinodular goiter, and diabetes mellitus, is present in affected adults. Progressive ataxia has been reported in some patients, with onset ranging from the second to fifth decade of life. In addition, a few patients have developed tumors, suggesting that there may be a predisposition to tumorigenesis. In contrast to syndromes involving defects in other components of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) complex (see, e.g., 606593), no clinically overt immunodeficiency has been observed in SSMED, although laboratory analysis has revealed lymphopenia or borderline leukopenia in some patients (Murray et al., 2015; Bee et al., 2015; de Bruin et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895448">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934614"><div><strong>Seckel syndrome 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934614</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310647</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Any Seckel syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NSMCE2 gene.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934614">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1371952"><div><strong>Specific granule deficiency 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1371952</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4479548</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Specific granule deficiency-2 (SGD2) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent infections due to defective neutrophil development. Bone marrow findings include paucity of neutrophil granulocytes, absence of granule proteins in neutrophils, abnormal megakaryocytes, and features of progressive myelofibrosis with blasts. The disorder is apparent from infancy, and patients may die in early childhood unless they undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most patients have additional findings, including delayed development, mild dysmorphic features, tooth abnormalities, and distal skeletal defects (Witzel et al., 2017). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of SGD, see SGD1 (245480).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1371952">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1635231"><div><strong>Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, Iowa type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635231</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551500</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant disorder in which amyloid deposition occurs in various tissues. Hereditary systemic amyloidosis-3 (AMYLD3) is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum including amyloid neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Amyloid deposition can also occur in skin, larynx (resulting in hoarseness), and testis (resulting in infertility) (summary by Hamidi Asl et al., 1999, Lachmann et al., 2002). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hereditary systemic amyloidosis, see AMYLD1 (105210).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635231">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648310"><div><strong>Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648310</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4746851</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-1 (PRAAS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early childhood onset of annular erythematous plaques on the face and extremities with subsequent development of partial lipodystrophy and laboratory evidence of immune dysregulation. More variable features include recurrent fever, severe joint contractures, muscle weakness and atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, basal ganglia calcifications, and microcytic anemia (summary by Agarwal et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2011; Arima et al., 2011). This disorder encompasses Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome (NKJO); joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP syndrome); and chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE). Among Japanese patients, this disorder is best described as Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, since both Nakajo (1939) and Nishimura et al. (1950) contributed to the original phenotypic descriptions. Genetic Heterogeneity of Proteasome-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndrome See also PRAAS2 (618048), caused by mutation in the POMP gene (613386) on chromosome 13q12; PRAAS3 (617591), caused by mutation in the PSMB4 gene (602177) on chromosome 1q21; PRAAS4 (619183), caused by mutation in the PSMG2 gene (609702) on chromosome 18p11; PRAAS5 (619175), caused by mutation in the PSMB10 gene (176847) on chromosome 16q22; and PRAAS6 (620796), caused by mutation in the PSMB9 gene (177045) on chromosome 6p21.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648310">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648456"><div><strong>Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648456</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4747850</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-3 (PRAAS3) is an autosomal recessive syndrome with onset in early infancy. Affected individuals present with nodular dermatitis, recurrent fever, myositis, panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy, lymphadenopathy, and dysregulation of the immune response, particularly associated with abnormal type I interferon-induced gene expression patterns. Additional features are highly variable, but may include joint contractures, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, autoantibodies, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Some patients may have intracranial calcifications (summary by Brehm et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PRAAS, see PRAAS1 (256040).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648456">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675945"><div><strong>PLIN1-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675945</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5191005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 4 is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder characterized by childhood or young adult onset of loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue primarily affecting the lower limbs, insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension (summary by Gandotra et al., 2011). Other features may include hepatic steatosis, acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovary syndrome, and renal disease (summary by Chen et al., 2018). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675945">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1682428"><div><strong>Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facial features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1682428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5193147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic features (IKSHD) is characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and increased keratinization, resulting in ichthyosis; hypomyelination of central white matter, causing spastic paraplegia and central nystagmus; and optic atrophy, resulting in reduction of peripheral vision and visual acuity (Mueller et al., 2019). In addition, patients exhibit mild facial dysmorphism (Kutkowska-Kazmierczak et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1682428">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1720321"><div><strong>Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1720321</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5394173</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features (RLSDF) is characterized by rhizomelic shortening of the extremities, predominantly of the upper limbs, and variable dysmorphic features, including macrocephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, depressed or broad nasal bridge, and micrognathia. Hearing loss has also been observed (Sajan et al., 2019; Pagnamenta et al., 2023).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1720321">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1757618"><div><strong>Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1757618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5399785</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy (MADA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies with mandibular hypoplasia, skeletal abnormalities with progressive osteolysis of the distal phalanges and clavicles, and pigmentary skin changes. The lipodystrophy is characterized by a marked acral loss of fatty tissue with normal or increased fatty tissue in the neck and trunk. Some patients may show progeroid features. Metabolic complications can arise due to insulin resistance and diabetes (Young et al., 1971; Simha and Garg, 2002; summary by Garavelli et al., 2009). See also MAD type B (MADB; 608612), which is caused by mutation in the ZMPSTE24 gene (606480).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1757618">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778777"><div><strong>Baralle-Macken syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778777</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543241</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Baralle-Macken syndrome (BARMACS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy, difficulty walking or inability to walk, and impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech. Affected individuals develop early-onset cataracts; some may have microcephaly. Additional more variable features may include dysmorphic facial features, metabolic abnormalities, spasticity, and lymphopenia (summary by Macken et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778777">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794140"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794140</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561930</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies (MRXSPF) is characterized by a phenotypic triad of severe developmental delay, coarse facial dysmorphisms, and Blaschkoid pigmentary mosaicism. Additional clinical features may include epilepsy, orthopedic abnormalities, hypotonia, and growth abnormalities. The disorder affects both males and females (Villegas et al., 2019; Diaz et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794140">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824015"><div><strong>Developmental delay with variable intellectual disability and dysmorphic facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774242</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental delay with variable intellectual disability and dysmorphic facies (DIDDF) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by neurologic deficits and characteristic dysmorphic facial features apparent from infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals usually show impaired intellectual development, speech delay, learning difficulties, and/or behavioral problems. Additional features may include hypotonia, hand or foot deformities, and palatal defects (Verberne et al., 2021; Verberne et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824015">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824053"><div><strong>Microcephaly 30, primary, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824053</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774280</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly-30 (MCPH30) is characterized by small head circumference, poor overall growth, and global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development. Affected individuals have been reported to have variable additional congenital anomalies, including atrial septal defect, dysmorphic facial features, tracheal stenosis, and anomalies of the skin and teeth (Carvalhal et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary microcephaly, see MCPH1 (251200).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824053">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1846436"><div><strong>Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1846436</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882744</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 8 (FPLD8) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormal distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Affected individuals showed selective loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue from the limbs, resulting in a muscular appearance, beginning around 13 to 15 years of age. There is also abnormal accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the dorsal neck and face, as well as in the posterior thoracic and abdominal regions. The disorder is associated with metabolic abnormalities, including diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia (Garg et al., 2016). For a general description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1846436">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1845936"><div><strong>Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1845936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882746</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 9 (FPLD9) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the loss of adipose tissue resulting in a lean appearance with muscular hypertrophy, usually most apparent in the limbs and trunk. Some patients have more generalized lipoatrophy, whereas others have abnormal fat accumulation in the face and neck regions and show cushingoid or acromegalic facial features. The disorder is associated with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, low HDL, and hepatic steatosis. Symptom onset is usually in the first decade. Females tend to have hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome, whereas males have gynecomastia. Most patients also have neurologic involvement, including demyelinating polyneuropathy (in most) and delayed development with intellectual disability (in about half) (Schuermans et al., 2023). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1845936">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1846121"><div><strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1846121</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882757</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteogenesis imperfecta type XXIII (OI23) is a mild recessive form of OI, characterized by osteopenia with or without recurrent fractures, platyspondyly, short and bowed long bones, and widened metaphyses. Metaphyseal and vertebral changes regress after early childhood; osteopenia persists, but responds well to bisphosphonate (Tuysuz et al., 2023).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1846121">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_348051" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acanthosis nigricans-insulin resistance-muscle cramps-acral enlargement syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78675" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alstrom syndrome</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778777" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Baralle-Macken syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_377668" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815270" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">CIDEC-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (42)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_318592" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_318593" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_436541" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412871" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766296" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cortisone reductase deficiency 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_108454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Costello syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394201" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental delay with variable intellectual disability and dysmorphic facies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371331" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ectodermal dysplasia with natal teeth, Turnpenny type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815580" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Estrogen resistance syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419638" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial acanthosis nigricans</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1635231" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, Iowa type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_354526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_318591" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial partial lipodystrophy, Kobberling type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98376" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypochondroplasia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1682428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ichthyotic keratoderma, spasticity, hypomyelination, and dysmorphic facial features</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794140" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leprechaunism syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863306" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1846436" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 8</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1845936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1757618" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibuloacral dysplasia with type A lipodystrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824053" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly 30, primary, autosomal recessive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1846121" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 23</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_813897" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Partial lipodystrophy, congenital cataracts, and neurodegeneration syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675945" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PLIN1-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_328393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">PPARG-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648310" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648456" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78783" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340317" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Retinitis pigmentosa-intellectual disability-deafness-hypogenitalism syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1720321" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rhizomelic limb shortening with dysmorphic features</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934614" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seckel syndrome 10</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_393098" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Severe achondroplasia-developmental delay-acanthosis nigricans syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895448" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1371952" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Specific granule deficiency 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_856021" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked acrogigantism due to Xq26 microduplication</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33516770">Trichloroacetic acid peels for the treatment of acanthosis nigricans.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baldissera RL,
|
||
Yang EJ,
|
||
Schmitt JV,
|
||
Lin E,
|
||
Emanuel de Jesus F,
|
||
Simões E Silva Enokihara MM,
|
||
Wambier CG,
|
||
Bagatin E</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Dermatol</span>
|
||
2022 Jan;86(1):203-204.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jan 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.065.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33516770" target="_blank">33516770</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27967300">Clinical Features and Management of Non-HIV-Related Lipodystrophy in Children: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gupta N,
|
||
Asi N,
|
||
Farah W,
|
||
Almasri J,
|
||
Barrionuevo P,
|
||
Alsawas M,
|
||
Wang Z,
|
||
Haymond MW,
|
||
Brown RJ,
|
||
Murad MH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Endocrinol Metab</span>
|
||
2017 Feb 1;102(2):363-374.
|
||
doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-2271.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27967300" target="_blank">27967300</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6283440" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27578084">Paraneoplastic Itch Management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rowe B,
|
||
Yosipovitch G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Probl Dermatol</span>
|
||
2016;50:149-54.
|
||
Epub 2016 Aug 23
|
||
doi: 10.1159/000446060.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27578084" target="_blank">27578084</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22acanthosis%20nigricans%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (59)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35821558">Lipodystrophy for the Diabetologist-What to Look For.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Patni N,
|
||
Garg A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Diab Rep</span>
|
||
2022 Sep;22(9):461-470.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jul 11
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s11892-022-01485-w.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35821558" target="_blank">35821558</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10704567" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30736994">Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wick MR,
|
||
Patterson JW</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Diagn Pathol</span>
|
||
2019 Jul;36(4):211-228.
|
||
Epub 2019 Jan 31
|
||
doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.01.001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30736994" target="_blank">30736994</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29241752">Acanthosis nigricans and the metabolic syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
|
||
You Y,
|
||
Danarti R,
|
||
Al-Khuzaei S,
|
||
Chen W</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
|
||
2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):48-53.
|
||
Epub 2017 Sep 8
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29241752" target="_blank">29241752</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27770322">Terra firma-forme dermatosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Unal E,
|
||
Guarneri C,
|
||
Chokoeva AA,
|
||
Wollina U,
|
||
Tchernev G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Wien Med Wochenschr</span>
|
||
2017 Mar;167(3-4):66-69.
|
||
Epub 2016 Oct 21
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10354-016-0519-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27770322" target="_blank">27770322</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5173298">Acanthosis nigricans.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Curth HO</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser</span>
|
||
1971 Jun;7(8):31-9.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5173298" target="_blank">5173298</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acanthosis%20nigricans%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (547)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36698243">Acanthosis Nigricans: An Updated Review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
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Lam JM,
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Barankin B,
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Leong KF,
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Hon KL</span><br />
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karadağ AS,
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You Y,
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Danarti R,
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Al-Khuzaei S,
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Chen W</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dermatol</span>
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Epub 2017 Sep 8
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29241752" target="_blank">29241752</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26051063">Acanthosis nigricans: A fold (intertriginous) dermatosis.</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36698243">Acanthosis Nigricans: An Updated Review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leung AKC,
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Lam JM,
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Barankin B,
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Leong KF,
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Hon KL</span><br />
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acanthosis%20nigricans%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (377)</a></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38904687">Systematic review of topical, laser, and oral treatments in acanthosis nigricans clinical trials.</a></div>
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Patel P,
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Zafar K,
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Wang J,
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Kabakova M,
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Mineroff Gollogly J,
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Cohen M,
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Austin E,
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Jagdeo J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dermatol Res</span>
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38904687" target="_blank">38904687</a></div>
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||
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38842735">Gender, racial, ethnic, and Fitzpatrick skin type representation in Acanthosis nigricans clinical trials.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang JY,
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Bitterman D,
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Patel P,
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Kabakova M,
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Zafar K,
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Cohen M,
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Jagdeo J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dermatol Res</span>
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38842735" target="_blank">38842735</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33480113">Drug-induced acanthosis nigricans: A systematic review and new classification.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mourad AI,
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Haber RM</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32845585">Oral Metformin for Treating Dermatological Diseases: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sung CT,
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Chao T,
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Lee A,
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Foulad DP,
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Choi F,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32845585" target="_blank">32845585</a></div>
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||
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22179051">Is acanthosis nigricans a reliable indicator for risk of type 2 diabetes in obese children and adolescents? A systematic review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abraham C,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acanthosis%20nigricans%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
|
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|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0000889%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0000889%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
|
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<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0000889%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (2)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=924" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Acanthosis%20nigricans" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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