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<meta name="keywords" content="C0042928, disease or syndrome, inability to move vocal cords, laryngeal paralysis, palsies, vocal cord, palsies, vocal fold, palsy, vocal cord, palsy, vocal fold, paralyses, vocal cord, paralysis of vocal cords, paralysis, vocal cord, total vocal cord paralysis, vcp - vocal cord palsy, vocal cord palsies, vocal cord palsy, vocal cord paralyses, vocal cord paralysis, vocal fold palsies, vocal fold palsy, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Vocal cord paralysis (Concept Id: C0042928)
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<!--
UID=53047
ConceptID=C0042928
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Vocal cord paralysis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>53047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042928</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Palsies, Vocal Cord; Palsies, Vocal Fold; Palsy, Vocal Cord; Palsy, Vocal Fold; Paralyses, Vocal Cord; Paralysis, Vocal Cord; Total Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Cord Palsies; Vocal Cord Palsy; Vocal Cord Paralyses; Vocal Cord Paralysis; Vocal Fold Palsies; Vocal Fold Palsy</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Vocal cord palsy (302912005); Vocal cord paralysis (302912005); VCP - Vocal cord palsy (302912005); Paralysis of vocal cords (302912005); Vocal fold palsy (302912005)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001605">HP:0001605</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Vocal cord paralysis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/19750" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease, Respiratory Tract">Disease, Respiratory Tract</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/7268" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Laryngeal disorder">Laryngeal disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/277426" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Laryngeal Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Laryngeal Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/538471" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of vocal cord">Disorder of vocal cord</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Vocal cord paralysis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/833874" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral vocal cord paralysis">Bilateral vocal cord paralysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155887" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral vocal cord paralysis">Unilateral vocal cord paralysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155888" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vocal cord paresis">Vocal cord paresis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/148345" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bilateral vocal cord paresis">Bilateral vocal cord paresis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/199686" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral vocal cord paresis">Unilateral vocal cord paresis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_59799"><div><strong>Williams syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>59799</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175702</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Williams syndrome (WS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (usually mild), a specific cognitive profile, unique personality characteristics, cardiovascular disease (supravalvar aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, hypertension), connective tissue abnormalities, growth deficiency, endocrine abnormalities (early puberty, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypothyroidism), and distinctive facies. Hypotonia and hyperextensible joints can result in delayed attainment of motor milestones. Feeding difficulties often lead to poor weight gain in infancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/59799">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98291"><div><strong>Hereditary liability to pressure palsies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0393814</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is characterized by recurrent acute sensory and motor neuropathy in a single or multiple nerves. The most common initial manifestation is the acute onset of a non-painful focal sensory and motor neuropathy in a single nerve (mononeuropathy). The first attack usually occurs in the second or third decade but earlier onset is possible. Neuropathic pain is increasingly recognized as a common manifestation. Recovery from acute neuropathy is usually complete; when recovery is not complete, the resulting disability is mild. Some affected individuals also demonstrate a mild-to-moderate peripheral neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98291">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96004"><div><strong>Congenital laryngeal abductor palsy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96004</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0396059</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Laryngeal abductor paralysis is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by variable penetrance and expressivity ranging from mild symptoms to neonatal asphyxia. (summary by Morelli et al., 1982; Manaligod and Smith, 1998).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96004">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_163239"><div><strong>Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163239</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and a variety of cranial nerve palsies, usually involving the motor components of the seventh and ninth to twelfth (more rarely the third, fifth, and sixth) cranial nerves. Spinal motor nerves and, less commonly, upper motor neurons are sometimes affected, giving a picture resembling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; 105400). The onset of the disease is usually in the second decade, but earlier and later onset have been reported. Hearing loss tends to precede the onset of neurologic signs, mostly progressive muscle weakness causing respiratory compromise. However, patients with very early onset may present with bulbar palsy and may not develop hearing loss until later. The symptoms, severity, and disease duration are variable (summary by Green et al., 2010).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome&#13; See also BVVLS2 (614707), caused by mutation in the SLC52A2 gene (607882) on chromosome 8q.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163239">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_322474"><div><strong>Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type 7A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>322474</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834703</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy-7 (HMND7) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset in the second decade of progressive distal muscle wasting and weakness affecting the upper and lower limbs and resulting in walking difficulties and hand grip. There is significant muscle atrophy of the hands and lower limbs. The disorder is associated with vocal cord paresis due to involvement of the tenth cranial nerve (summary by Barwick et al., 2012).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant distal HMN, see HMND1 (182960).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/322474">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_375157"><div><strong>Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type 7B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375157</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843315</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of DCTN1-related neurodegeneration includes Perry syndrome, distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 7B (dHMN7B), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), motor neuron disease / amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and progressive supranuclear palsy. Some individuals present with overlapping phenotypes (e.g., FTD-ALS, Perry syndrome-dHMN7B). Perry syndrome (the most common of the phenotypes associated with DCTN1) is characterized by parkinsonism, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hypoventilation, and weight loss. The mean age of onset in those with Perry syndrome is 49 years (range: 35-70 years), and the mean disease duration is five years (range: 2-14 years). In most affected persons, the reported cause/circumstance of death relates to sudden death/hypoventilation or suicide.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/375157">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340200"><div><strong>Paragangliomas 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340200</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndromes are characterized by paragangliomas (tumors that arise from neuroendocrine tissues distributed along the paravertebral axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis) and pheochromocytomas (paragangliomas that are confined to the adrenal medulla). Sympathetic paragangliomas cause catecholamine excess; parasympathetic paragangliomas are most often nonsecretory. Extra-adrenal parasympathetic paragangliomas are located predominantly in the skull base and neck (referred to as head and neck paragangliomas [HNPGLs]) and sometimes in the upper mediastinum; approximately 95% of such tumors are nonsecretory. In contrast, extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas are generally confined to the lower mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis, and are typically secretory. Pheochromocytomas, which arise from the adrenal medulla, typically lead to catecholamine excess. Symptoms of PGL/PCCs result from either mass effects or catecholamine hypersecretion (e.g., sustained or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure, headache, episodic profuse sweating, forceful palpitations, pallor, and apprehension or anxiety). The risk for developing metastatic disease is greater for extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas than for pheochromocytomas. Additional tumors reported in individuals with hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes include gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), pulmonary chondromas, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340200">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349807"><div><strong>Ptosis-vocal cord paralysis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349807</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1860403</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare hereditary disorder with the combination of congenital bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and congenital bilateral ptosis. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349807">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357076"><div><strong>Paragangliomas 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357076</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866552</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndromes are characterized by paragangliomas (tumors that arise from neuroendocrine tissues distributed along the paravertebral axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis) and pheochromocytomas (paragangliomas that are confined to the adrenal medulla). Sympathetic paragangliomas cause catecholamine excess; parasympathetic paragangliomas are most often nonsecretory. Extra-adrenal parasympathetic paragangliomas are located predominantly in the skull base and neck (referred to as head and neck paragangliomas [HNPGLs]) and sometimes in the upper mediastinum; approximately 95% of such tumors are nonsecretory. In contrast, extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas are generally confined to the lower mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis, and are typically secretory. Pheochromocytomas, which arise from the adrenal medulla, typically lead to catecholamine excess. Symptoms of PGL/PCCs result from either mass effects or catecholamine hypersecretion (e.g., sustained or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure, headache, episodic profuse sweating, forceful palpitations, pallor, and apprehension or anxiety). The risk for developing metastatic disease is greater for extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas than for pheochromocytomas. Additional tumors reported in individuals with hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes include gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), pulmonary chondromas, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357076">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_488134"><div><strong>Paragangliomas 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>488134</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3494181</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndromes are characterized by paragangliomas (tumors that arise from neuroendocrine tissues distributed along the paravertebral axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis) and pheochromocytomas (paragangliomas that are confined to the adrenal medulla). Sympathetic paragangliomas cause catecholamine excess; parasympathetic paragangliomas are most often nonsecretory. Extra-adrenal parasympathetic paragangliomas are located predominantly in the skull base and neck (referred to as head and neck paragangliomas [HNPGLs]) and sometimes in the upper mediastinum; approximately 95% of such tumors are nonsecretory. In contrast, extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas are generally confined to the lower mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis, and are typically secretory. Pheochromocytomas, which arise from the adrenal medulla, typically lead to catecholamine excess. Symptoms of PGL/PCCs result from either mass effects or catecholamine hypersecretion (e.g., sustained or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure, headache, episodic profuse sweating, forceful palpitations, pallor, and apprehension or anxiety). The risk for developing metastatic disease is greater for extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas than for pheochromocytomas. Additional tumors reported in individuals with hereditary PGL/PCC syndromes include gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), pulmonary chondromas, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/488134">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815985"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2R</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815985</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809655</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare subtype of axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy characterised by early-onset axial hypotonia, generalised muscle weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes and decreased muscle mass. Electromyography reveals decreased motor nerve conduction velocities with markedly reduced sensory and motor amplitudes. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TRIM2 gene on chromosome 4q.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815985">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903483"><div><strong>Acrofacial dysostosis Cincinnati type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903483</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Cincinnati type of acrofacial dysostosis is a ribosomopathy characterized by a spectrum of mandibulofacial dysostosis phenotypes, with or without extrafacial skeletal defects (Weaver et al., 2015). In addition, a significant number of neurologic abnormalities have been reported, ranging from mild delays to refractory epilepsy, as well as an increased incidence of congenital heart defects, primarily septal in nature (Smallwood et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903483">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_896058"><div><strong>Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896058</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225385</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome-8 (LCCS8), an axoglial form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, is characterized by congenital distal joint contractures, reduced fetal movements, and severe motor paralysis leading to death early in the neonatal period (Laquerriere et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lethal congenital contracture syndrome, see LCCS1 (253310).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896058">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1614787"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 54</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1614787</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540484</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1614787">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1637716"><div><strong>Feingold syndrome type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1637716</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551774</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Feingold syndrome 1 (referred to as FS1 in this GeneReview) is characterized by digital anomalies (shortening of the 2nd and 5th middle phalanx of the hand, clinodactyly of the 5th finger, syndactyly of toes 2-3 and/or 4-5, thumb hypoplasia), microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (short palpebral fissures and micrognathia), gastrointestinal atresias (primarily esophageal and/or duodenal), and mild-to-moderate learning disability.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1637716">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1748867"><div><strong>Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1748867</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5399977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 2 (MC4DN2) is an autosomal recessive multisystem metabolic disorder characterized by the onset of symptoms at birth or in the first weeks or months of life. Affected individuals have severe hypotonia, often associated with feeding difficulties and respiratory insufficiency necessitating tube feeding and mechanical ventilation. The vast majority of patients develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the first days or weeks of life, which usually leads to death in infancy or early childhood. Patients also show neurologic abnormalities, including developmental delay, nystagmus, fasciculations, dystonia, EEG changes, and brain imaging abnormalities compatible with a diagnosis of Leigh syndrome (see 256000). There may also be evidence of systemic involvement with hepatomegaly and myopathy, although neurogenic muscle atrophy is more common and may resemble spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA1; 253300). Serum lactate is increased, and laboratory studies show decreased mitochondrial complex IV protein and activity levels in various tissues, including heart and skeletal muscle. Most patients die in infancy of cardiorespiratory failure (summary by Papadopoulou et al., 1999).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency, see 220110.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1748867">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794177"><div><strong>DEGCAGS syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794177</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5561967</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">DEGCAGS syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anemia or pancytopenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. Death in childhood may occur (summary by Bertoli-Avella et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794177">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824046"><div><strong>Congenital myopathy 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824046</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital myopathy-15 (CMYO15) is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by symptom onset soon after birth. Affected infants are hypotonic and have severe respiratory insufficiency and feeding problems, sometimes requiring mechanical ventilation or tube feeding. The disorder is unique in that there is gradual improvement of the severe muscle weakness with time, although forced vital capacity remains decreased. Additional features include facial weakness, scoliosis, joint contractures, and persistent ptosis or external ophthalmoplegia (van de Locht et al., 2021).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824046">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903483" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acrofacial dysostosis Cincinnati type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_163239" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1748867" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815985" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2R</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96004" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital laryngeal abductor palsy</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (18)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824046" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital myopathy 15</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794177" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DEGCAGS syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1637716" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feingold syndrome type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary liability to pressure palsies</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1614787" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 54</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_896058" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_322474" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type 7A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_375157" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type 7B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_488134" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paragangliomas 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357076" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paragangliomas 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340200" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Paragangliomas 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349807" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis-vocal cord paralysis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_59799" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Williams syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36423866">Vocal cord paralysis induced by oxaliplatin: Differential diagnosis of hypersensitivity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barra-Castro A,
Berges-Gimeno MP,
Carrón-Herrero A,
Arana-Fernández B,
Solano-Solares E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract</span>
2023 Feb;11(2):645-646.
Epub 2022 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36423866" target="_blank">36423866</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27841128">Management of thyroid cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mitchell AL,
Gandhi A,
Scott-Coombes D,
Perros P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Laryngol Otol</span>
2016 May;130(S2):S150-S160.
doi: 10.1017/S0022215116000578.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27841128" target="_blank">27841128</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4873931" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26670972">Management of Graves Disease: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burch HB,
Cooper DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2015 Dec 15;314(23):2544-54.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16535.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26670972" target="_blank">26670972</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (87)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34620515">Needle Fracture During Injection Medialization Laryngoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fawole O,
Goncalves S,
Anis MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Voice</span>
2024 Mar;38(2):521-523.
Epub 2021 Oct 4
doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34620515" target="_blank">34620515</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35403799">Selective laryngoscopy before thyroidectomy: a risk assessment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Black KA,
Wilkinson DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">ANZ J Surg</span>
2022 Jun;92(6):1423-1427.
Epub 2022 Apr 11
doi: 10.1111/ans.17700.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35403799" target="_blank">35403799</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17071292">A rare but serious entity: nasogastric tube syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brousseau VJ,
Kost KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2006 Nov;135(5):677-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17071292" target="_blank">17071292</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16274788">Common movement disorders affecting the larynx: a report from the neurolaryngology committee of the AAO-HNS.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Merati AL,
Heman-Ackah YD,
Abaza M,
Altman KW,
Sulica L,
Belamowicz S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2005 Nov;133(5):654-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.05.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16274788" target="_blank">16274788</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8758650">Arytenoid dislocation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Faries PL,
Martella AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
1996 Jul;115(1):160-2.
doi: 10.1016/S0194-5998(96)70156-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8758650" target="_blank">8758650</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2407)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36423866">Vocal cord paralysis induced by oxaliplatin: Differential diagnosis of hypersensitivity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barra-Castro A,
Berges-Gimeno MP,
Carrón-Herrero A,
Arana-Fernández B,
Solano-Solares E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract</span>
2023 Feb;11(2):645-646.
Epub 2022 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36423866" target="_blank">36423866</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33166978">Laryngeal Electromyography.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Volk GF,
Guntinas-Lichius O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2020;85:18-24.
Epub 2020 Nov 9
doi: 10.1159/000456680.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33166978" target="_blank">33166978</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31088695">Vocal Fold Paresis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ivey CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Clin North Am</span>
2019 Aug;52(4):637-648.
Epub 2019 May 11
doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.03.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31088695" target="_blank">31088695</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24114620">Percutaneous injection laryngoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chhetri DK,
Jamal N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2014 Mar;124(3):742-5.
Epub 2013 Oct 22
doi: 10.1002/lary.24417.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24114620" target="_blank">24114620</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4324610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8828523">Vocal cord dysfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood RP 2nd,
Milgrom H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol</span>
1996 Sep;98(3):481-5.
doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70079-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8828523" target="_blank">8828523</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2144)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38123531">Management of Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lechien JR,
Hans S,
Mau T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2024 Mar;170(3):724-735.
Epub 2023 Dec 20
doi: 10.1002/ohn.616.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38123531" target="_blank">38123531</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36423866">Vocal cord paralysis induced by oxaliplatin: Differential diagnosis of hypersensitivity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barra-Castro A,
Berges-Gimeno MP,
Carrón-Herrero A,
Arana-Fernández B,
Solano-Solares E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract</span>
2023 Feb;11(2):645-646.
Epub 2022 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.11.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36423866" target="_blank">36423866</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31550934">Laryngeal Liposuction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nadgauda A,
Burdett J,
Paknezhad H,
Sataloff RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ear Nose Throat J</span>
2021 Mar;100(3):153-154.
Epub 2019 Sep 24
doi: 10.1177/0145561319863366.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31550934" target="_blank">31550934</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27769765">Vocal Cord Paralysis After Cardiac Surgery and Interventions: A Review of Possible Etiologies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raut MS,
Maheshwari A,
Joshi R,
Joshi R,
Dubey S,
Shivnani G,
Shad S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</span>
2016 Dec;30(6):1661-1667.
Epub 2016 Aug 12
doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.08.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27769765" target="_blank">27769765</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26043420">Hoarseness-causes and treatments.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reiter R,
Hoffmann TK,
Pickhard A,
Brosch S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dtsch Arztebl Int</span>
2015 May 8;112(19):329-37.
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0329.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26043420" target="_blank">26043420</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4458789" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1958)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28534740">Thyroid cancer screening.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">The Lancet</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 May 20;389(10083):1954.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31349-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28534740" target="_blank">28534740</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23821534">Severe systemic reaction from calcium hydroxylapatite vocal fold filler.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohen JC,
Reisacher W,
Malone M,
Sulica L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2013 Sep;123(9):2237-9.
Epub 2013 Jul 2
doi: 10.1002/lary.23762.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23821534" target="_blank">23821534</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16274788">Common movement disorders affecting the larynx: a report from the neurolaryngology committee of the AAO-HNS.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Merati AL,
Heman-Ackah YD,
Abaza M,
Altman KW,
Sulica L,
Belamowicz S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2005 Nov;133(5):654-65.
doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.05.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16274788" target="_blank">16274788</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8758650">Arytenoid dislocation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Faries PL,
Martella AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
1996 Jul;115(1):160-2.
doi: 10.1016/S0194-5998(96)70156-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8758650" target="_blank">8758650</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6392207">Permanent tracheostomy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eliachar I,
Zohar S,
Golz A,
Joachims HZ,
Goldsher M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Head Neck Surg</span>
1984 Dec;7(2):99-103.
doi: 10.1002/hed.2890070203.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6392207" target="_blank">6392207</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1358)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33738568">Injection laryngoplasty under ultrasonographic control.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carrillo Á,
García-Del-Salto L,
Vaca M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2021 Jun;278(6):2143-2146.
Epub 2021 Mar 18
doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06666-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33738568" target="_blank">33738568</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31986987">Intra-operative vagal neuromonitoring predicts non-recurrent laryngeal nerves: technical notes and review of the recent literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Slycke S,
Van Den Heede K,
Magamadov K,
Gillardin JP,
Vermeersch H,
Brusselaers N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Chir Belg</span>
2021 Aug;121(4):248-253.
Epub 2020 Feb 2
doi: 10.1080/00015458.2020.1722931.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31986987" target="_blank">31986987</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29095795">Role of reinnervation in the management of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: current state and advances.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fancello V,
Nouraei SAR,
Heathcote KJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2017 Dec;25(6):480-485.
doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000416.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29095795" target="_blank">29095795</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22472236">Vocal fold injection medialization laryngoplasty.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Modi VK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2012;73:90-4.
Epub 2012 Mar 29
doi: 10.1159/000334448.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22472236" target="_blank">22472236</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22472235">Pediatric laryngeal electromyography.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maturo SC,
Hartnick CJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2012;73:86-9.
Epub 2012 Mar 29
doi: 10.1159/000334446.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22472235" target="_blank">22472235</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1135)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38123531">Management of Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lechien JR,
Hans S,
Mau T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2024 Mar;170(3):724-735.
Epub 2023 Dec 20
doi: 10.1002/ohn.616.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38123531" target="_blank">38123531</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35838782">Laryngeal reinnervation for paediatric vocal cord palsy: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoey AW,
Hall A,
Butler C,
Frauenfelder C,
Wyatt M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2022 Dec;279(12):5771-5781.
Epub 2022 Jul 15
doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07471-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35838782" target="_blank">35838782</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34894158">Lipoinjection for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haddad R,
Ismail S,
Khalaf MG,
Matar N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2022 Aug;132(8):1630-1640.
Epub 2021 Dec 11
doi: 10.1002/lary.29965.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34894158" target="_blank">34894158</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30450691">Nimodipine improves vocal fold and facial motion recovery after injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin RJ,
Klein-Fedyshin M,
Rosen CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Laryngoscope</span>
2019 Apr;129(4):943-951.
Epub 2018 Nov 19
doi: 10.1002/lary.27530.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30450691" target="_blank">30450691</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18055261">Cardiovocal syndrome: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mulpuru SK,
Vasavada BC,
Punukollu GK,
Patel AG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart Lung Circ</span>
2008 Feb;17(1):1-4.
Epub 2007 Dec 4
doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.04.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18055261" target="_blank">18055261</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (90)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Vocal%20cord%20paralysis%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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