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<meta name="keywords" content="C3496228, autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 35, disease or syndrome, fa2h, fa2h hereditary spastic paraplegia, hereditary spastic paraplegia 35, hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by mutation in fa2h, hereditary spastic paraplegia type 35, leukodystrophy, dysmyelinating and spastic paraparesis with or without dystonia, leukodystrophy, dysmyelinating, and spastic paraparesis with or without dystonia, spastic paraplegia 35, spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive, spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive, with or without neurodegeneration, spg35, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is characterized early in the disease course by central nervous system involvement including corticospinal tract involvement (spasticity), mixed movement disorder (ataxia/dystonia), and eye findings (optic atrophy, oculomotor abnormalities), and later in the disease course by progressive intellectual impairment and seizures. With disease progression, dystonia and spasticity compromise the ability to ambulate, leading to wheelchair dependence. Life expectancy is variable. FAHN is considered to be a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35 (Concept Id: C3496228)
- MedGen - NCBI</title>
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<!--
UID=501249
ConceptID=C3496228
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 1--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK56080/bin/fahn-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK56080/bin/fahn-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK56080/figure/fahn.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35<span class="h1sub">(SPG35)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>501249</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3496228</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>LEUKODYSTROPHY, DYSMYELINATING, AND SPASTIC PARAPARESIS WITH OR WITHOUT DYSTONIA; Spastic paraplegia 35; Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 35, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, WITH OR WITHOUT NEURODEGENERATION</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 35 (764688002)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="FA2H - ID: 79152 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/79152" class="medgenPMinfo">FA2H</a> (16q23.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012866" target="_blank">MONDO:0012866</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/612319" target="_blank">612319</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=171629">ORPHA171629</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is characterized early in the disease course by central nervous system involvement including corticospinal tract involvement (spasticity), mixed movement disorder (ataxia/dystonia), and eye findings (optic atrophy, oculomotor abnormalities), and later in the disease course by progressive intellectual impairment and seizures. With disease progression, dystonia and spasticity compromise the ability to ambulate, leading to wheelchair dependence. Life expectancy is variable. FAHN is considered to be a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_description">Additional description</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is a progressive disorder of the nervous system (neurodegeneration) characterized by problems with movement and vision that begin during childhood or adolescence.<br /><br />Changes in the way a person walks (gait) and frequent falls are usually the first noticeable signs of FAHN. Affected individuals gradually develop extreme muscle stiffness (spasticity) and exaggerated reflexes. They typically have involuntary muscle cramping (dystonia), problems with coordination and balance (ataxia), or both. The movement problems worsen over time, and some people with this condition eventually require wheelchair assistance.<br /><br />People with FAHN often develop vision problems, which occur due to deterioration (atrophy) of the nerves that carry information from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerves) and difficulties with the muscles that control eye movement. Affected individuals may have a loss of sharp vision (reduced visual acuity), decreased field of vision, impaired color perception, eyes that do not look in the same direction (strabismus), rapid involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), or difficulty moving the eyes intentionally (supranuclear gaze palsy).<br /><br />Speech impairment (dysarthria) also occurs in FAHN, and severely affected individuals may lose the ability to speak. People with this disorder may also have difficulty chewing or swallowing (dysphagia). In severe cases, they may develop malnutrition and require a feeding tube. The swallowing difficulties can lead to a bacterial lung infection called aspiration pneumonia, which can be life-threatening. As the disorder progresses, some affected individuals experience seizures and a decline in intellectual function.<br /><br />Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in people with FAHN shows signs of iron accumulation, especially in an area of the brain called the globus pallidus, which is involved in regulating movement. Similar patterns of iron accumulation are seen in certain other neurological disorders such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. All these conditions belong to a class of disorders called neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fatty-acid-hydroxylase-associated-neurodegeneration">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fatty-acid-hydroxylase-associated-neurodegeneration</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_22579"><div><strong>Urinary incontinence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>22579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/22579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20incontinence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2022579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39315"><div><strong>Urinary urgency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085606</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39315">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Urinary%20urgency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039315%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68672"><div><strong>Ankle clonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68672</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0238651</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68672">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ankle%20clonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068672%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8510"><div><strong>Dysarthria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8510</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8510">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysarthria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208510%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3940"><div><strong>Dystonic disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3940</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0013421</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3940">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dystonic%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203940%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_17999"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>17999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027746</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Cell or Molecular Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/17999">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurodegeneration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2017999%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_19708"><div><strong>Babinski sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0034935</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19708">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Babinski%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2019708%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20882"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20882</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity and weakness of the leg and hip muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20882">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20paraplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020882%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68583"><div><strong>Dysmetria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68583</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234162</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68583">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysmetria%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068583%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115975"><div><strong>Dysdiadochokinesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115975</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115975">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysdiadochokinesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115975%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66713"><div><strong>Mental deterioration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234985</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66713">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mental%20deterioration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066713%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_138005"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>138005</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0344482</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/138005">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20138005%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_658719"><div><strong>Spastic tetraparesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>658719</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0575059</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic weakness affecting all four limbs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/658719">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20tetraparesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20658719%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107895"><div><strong>Gait disturbance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107895</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0575081</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107895">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gait%20disturbance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107895%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220865"><div><strong>Lower limb spasticity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220865</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1271100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220865">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lower%20limb%20spasticity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220865%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_435926"><div><strong>Abnormal periventricular white matter morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>435926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673431</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A structural abnormality of the myelinated axons (white matter) located near the cerebral ventricles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/435926">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20periventricular%20white%20matter%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20435926%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_479834"><div><strong>Dysmyelinating leukodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>479834</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278204</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/479834">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysmyelinating%20leukodystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20479834%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870454"><div><strong>Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the brainstem</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870454</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4024900</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870454">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrophy%2FDegeneration%20affecting%20the%20brainstem%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870454%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1785336"><div><strong>Thin corpus callosum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1785336</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5441562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1785336">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20corpus%20callosum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201785336%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45166"><div><strong>Nystagmus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0028738</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nystagmus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_18180"><div><strong>Optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0029124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Optic%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2018180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57662"><div><strong>External ophthalmoplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57662</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162292</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Paralysis of the external ocular muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57662">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22External%20ophthalmoplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057662%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68672" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ankle clonus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57662" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">External ophthalmoplegia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nystagmus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_18180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary urgency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_435926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal periventricular white matter morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870454" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the brainstem</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_19708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Babinski sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8510" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysarthria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115975" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysdiadochokinesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68583" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysmetria</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_479834" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysmyelinating leukodystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3940" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dystonic disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107895" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gait disturbance</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_138005" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220865" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lower limb spasticity</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66713" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mental deterioration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_17999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20882" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_658719" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic tetraparesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1785336" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin corpus callosum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_22579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Urinary incontinence</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931845[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK121988/" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=444156" ref="ncbi_uid=444156">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/444156" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=444156&amp;link_uid=444156" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0878682[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0878682[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=168057" target="_blank" href="/omim/117700">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1493%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=168057" ref="ncbi_uid=168057">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/168057" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=168057&amp;link_uid=168057" title="View MedGen record for 'Deficiency of ferroxidase'">Deficiency of ferroxidase</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4310667[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=934634">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=934634" target="_blank" href="/omim/604934">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=934634" ref="ncbi_uid=934634">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/934634" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=934634&amp;link_uid=934634" title="View MedGen record for 'Encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy'">Encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3668943[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=777150">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=777150" target="_blank" href="/omim/612319">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK56080/" ref="ncbi_uid=777150">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/777150" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=777150&amp;link_uid=777150" title="View MedGen record for 'Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration'">Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3496228[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=501249" target="_blank" href="/omim/611026">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK56080%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=501249" ref="ncbi_uid=501249">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1847640[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=338281" target="_blank" href="/omim/606693">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1223%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=338281" ref="ncbi_uid=338281">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338281" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=338281&amp;link_uid=338281" title="View MedGen record for 'Kufor-Rakeb syndrome'">Kufor-Rakeb syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/830971" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=830971&amp;link_uid=830971" title="View MedGen record for 'Parkinsonism due to ATP13A2 deficiency'">Parkinsonism due to ATP13A2 deficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3280371[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=482001" target="_blank" href="/omim/614298">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK185329)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=482001" ref="ncbi_uid=482001">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482001" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=482001&amp;link_uid=482001" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3550973[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=763887" target="_blank" href="/omim/300526">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK424403)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=763887" ref="ncbi_uid=763887">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/763887" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=763887&amp;link_uid=763887" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4517377[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1387791" target="_blank" href="/omim/609855">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK121988/" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1387791" ref="ncbi_uid=1387791">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1387791" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1387791&amp;link_uid=1387791" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4693583[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1647672">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1647672" target="_blank" href="/omim/614825">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1647672" ref="ncbi_uid=1647672">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647672" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1647672&amp;link_uid=1647672" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4693587[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1645224">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1645224" target="_blank" href="/omim/600184">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1645224" ref="ncbi_uid=1645224">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1645224" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1645224&amp;link_uid=1645224" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 8</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853578[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=381211" target="_blank" href="/omim/134790">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1141%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=381211" ref="ncbi_uid=381211">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/381211" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=381211&amp;link_uid=381211" title="View MedGen record for 'Neuroferritinopathy'">Neuroferritinopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0018523[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=6708" target="_blank" href="/omim/234200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1490%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=6708" ref="ncbi_uid=6708">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6708" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=6708&amp;link_uid=6708" title="View MedGen record for 'Pigmentary pallidal degeneration'">Pigmentary pallidal degeneration</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1800044" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1800044&amp;link_uid=1800044" title="View MedGen record for 'Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration'">Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5679812[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=1826057">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1826057" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1826057&amp;link_uid=1826057" title="View MedGen record for 'Classic pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration'">Classic pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN204472[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1675/" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=831067" ref="ncbi_uid=831067">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/831067" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=831067&amp;link_uid=831067" title="View MedGen record for 'PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration'">PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2751842[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414488" target="_blank" href="/omim/612953">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1223/" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414488" ref="ncbi_uid=414488">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414488" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=414488&amp;link_uid=414488" title="View MedGen record for 'Autosomal recessive Parkinson disease 14'">Autosomal recessive Parkinson disease 14</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0270724[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=82852" target="_blank" href="/omim/256600">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1675%20OR%20NBK121988)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=82852" ref="ncbi_uid=82852">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82852" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=82852&amp;link_uid=82852" title="View MedGen record for 'Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy'">Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1857747[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=346658" target="_blank" href="/omim/603604">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1675/" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=346658" ref="ncbi_uid=346658">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346658" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=346658&amp;link_uid=346658" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B'">Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342286[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=83337" target="_blank" href="/omim/241080">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK121988%20OR%20NBK378974)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=83337" ref="ncbi_uid=83337">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83337" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=83337&amp;link_uid=83337" title="View MedGen record for 'Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome'">Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1843346" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia">Autosomal recessive complex spastic paraplegia</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hereditary spastic paraplegia 35</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/777150" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration">Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34167574">Healthcare needs, expectations, utilization, and experienced treatment effects in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia: a web-based survey in the Netherlands.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kerstens HCJW,
Van Lith BJH,
Nijkrake MJ,
De Swart BJM,
Van den Bemd LAC,
Smeets RJEM,
Klemens F,
Van de Warrenburg BPC,
Van der Wees PJ,
Geurts ACH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2021 Jun 24;16(1):283.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01915-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34167574" target="_blank">34167574</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8223283" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11346374">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 in China: molecular analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation in 5 families.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhou YX,
Qiao WH,
Gu WH,
Xie H,
Tang BS,
Zhou LS,
Yang BX,
Takiyama Y,
Tsuji S,
He HY,
Deng CX,
Goldfarb LG,
Wang GX</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
2001 May;58(5):789-94.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.5.789.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11346374" target="_blank">11346374</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36109173">Clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Chinese children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang J,
Fang F,
Ding C,
Li J,
Wu Y,
Zhang W,
Bao X,
Lv J,
Wang X,
Ren X;
Paediatric Neurology Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2023 Mar;65(3):416-423.
Epub 2022 Sep 15
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36109173" target="_blank">36109173</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35499206">Novel insights into the genetic profile of hereditary spastic paraplegia in India.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Narendiran S,
Debnath M,
Shivaram S,
Kannan R,
Sharma S,
Christopher R,
Seshagiri DV,
Jain S,
Purushottam M,
Mangalore S,
Bharath RD,
Bindu PS,
Sinha S,
Taly AB,
Nagappa M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurogenet</span>
2022 Mar;36(1):21-31.
Epub 2022 May 2
doi: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2064463.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35499206" target="_blank">35499206</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27334366">SPAST mutation spectrum and familial occurrence among Czech patients with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mészárosová AU,
Putzová M,
Čermáková M,
Vávrová D,
Doležalová K,
Smetanová I,
Stejskal D,
Beetz C,
Seeman P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Genet</span>
2016 Oct;61(10):845-850.
Epub 2016 Jun 23
doi: 10.1038/jhg.2016.73.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27334366" target="_blank">27334366</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22540978">Cellular pathways of hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Blackstone C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Annu Rev Neurosci</span>
2012;35:25-47.
Epub 2012 Apr 20
doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150400.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22540978" target="_blank">22540978</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5584684" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22463854">Intravitreal ranibizumab injection for choroidal neovascularization in Strümpell-Lorrain Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tran TH,
Baglin G,
Querques G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fr Ophtalmol</span>
2012 May;35(5):353-5.
Epub 2012 Mar 30
doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2011.12.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22463854" target="_blank">22463854</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (34)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36109173">Clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in Chinese children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang J,
Fang F,
Ding C,
Li J,
Wu Y,
Zhang W,
Bao X,
Lv J,
Wang X,
Ren X;
Paediatric Neurology Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
2023 Mar;65(3):416-423.
Epub 2022 Sep 15
doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15385.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36109173" target="_blank">36109173</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34983064">Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Méreaux JL,
Banneau G,
Papin M,
Coarelli G,
Valter R,
Raymond L,
Kol B,
Ariste O,
Parodi L,
Tissier L,
Mairey M,
Ait Said S,
Gautier C,
Guillaud-Bataille M;
French SPATAX clinical network,
Forlani S,
de la Grange P,
Brice A,
Vazza G,
Durr A,
Leguern E,
Stevanin G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34983064" target="_blank">34983064</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34914080">L1 Syndrome Prenatal Diagnosis Supplemented by Functional Analysis of One L1CAM Gene Missense Variant.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang P,
Liao H,
Wang Q,
Xie H,
Wang H,
Yang M,
Liu S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Reprod Sci</span>
2022 Mar;29(3):768-780.
Epub 2021 Dec 16
doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00828-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34914080" target="_blank">34914080</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8863719" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22075441">Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sankaranarayanan R,
Nessa A,
Esmy PO,
Dangou JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2012 Apr;26(2):221-32.
Epub 2011 Nov 9
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22075441" target="_blank">22075441</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8495827">Hereditary spastic paraplegia. A diagnostic reminder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gordon N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Med Child Neurol</span>
1993 May;35(5):452-5.
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11669.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8495827" target="_blank">8495827</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (41)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29126212">Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5: natural history, biomarkers and a randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schöls L,
Rattay TW,
Martus P,
Meisner C,
Baets J,
Fischer I,
Jägle C,
Fraidakis MJ,
Martinuzzi A,
Saute JA,
Scarlato M,
Antenora A,
Stendel C,
Höflinger P,
Lourenco CM,
Abreu L,
Smets K,
Paucar M,
Deconinck T,
Bis DM,
Wiethoff S,
Bauer P,
Arnoldi A,
Marques W,
Jardim LB,
Hauser S,
Criscuolo C,
Filla A,
Züchner S,
Bassi MT,
Klopstock T,
De Jonghe P,
Björkhem I,
Schüle R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2017 Dec 1;140(12):3112-3127.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awx273.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29126212" target="_blank">29126212</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5841036" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22463854">Intravitreal ranibizumab injection for choroidal neovascularization in Strümpell-Lorrain Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tran TH,
Baglin G,
Querques G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Fr Ophtalmol</span>
2012 May;35(5):353-5.
Epub 2012 Mar 30
doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2011.12.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22463854" target="_blank">22463854</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22075441">Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sankaranarayanan R,
Nessa A,
Esmy PO,
Dangou JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2012 Apr;26(2):221-32.
Epub 2011 Nov 9
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22075441" target="_blank">22075441</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36902339">Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase and 2-Hydroxylated Sphingolipids: Metabolism and Function in Health and Diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Eckhardt M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 Mar 3;24(5)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24054908.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36902339" target="_blank">36902339</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10002949" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34983064">Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Méreaux JL,
Banneau G,
Papin M,
Coarelli G,
Valter R,
Raymond L,
Kol B,
Ariste O,
Parodi L,
Tissier L,
Mairey M,
Ait Said S,
Gautier C,
Guillaud-Bataille M;
French SPATAX clinical network,
Forlani S,
de la Grange P,
Brice A,
Vazza G,
Durr A,
Leguern E,
Stevanin G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34983064" target="_blank">34983064</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29423566">Clinical and neuroimaging features of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 35 (SPG35): case reports, new mutations, and brief literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mari F,
Berti B,
Romano A,
Baldacci J,
Rizzi R,
Grazia Alessandrì M,
Tessa A,
Procopio E,
Rubegni A,
Lourenḉo CM,
Simonati A,
Guerrini R,
Santorelli FM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurogenetics</span>
2018 May;19(2):123-130.
Epub 2018 Feb 8
doi: 10.1007/s10048-018-0538-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29423566" target="_blank">29423566</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22075441">Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sankaranarayanan R,
Nessa A,
Esmy PO,
Dangou JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2012 Apr;26(2):221-32.
Epub 2011 Nov 9
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22075441" target="_blank">22075441</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20333464">Hypercapnia is a possible determinant of the function of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Süssmuth SD,
Sperfeld AD,
Ludolph AC,
Tumani H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurochem Res</span>
2010 Jul;35(7):1071-4.
Epub 2010 Mar 24
doi: 10.1007/s11064-010-0156-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20333464" target="_blank">20333464</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34983064">Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Méreaux JL,
Banneau G,
Papin M,
Coarelli G,
Valter R,
Raymond L,
Kol B,
Ariste O,
Parodi L,
Tissier L,
Mairey M,
Ait Said S,
Gautier C,
Guillaud-Bataille M;
French SPATAX clinical network,
Forlani S,
de la Grange P,
Brice A,
Vazza G,
Durr A,
Leguern E,
Stevanin G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2022 Apr 29;145(3):1029-1037.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awab386.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34983064" target="_blank">34983064</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34459558">Hartnup disease presenting as hereditary spastic paraplegia and severe peripheral neuropathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang X,
Li XY,
Piao Y,
Yuan G,
Lin Y,
Chen H,
Wang Z,
Li C,
Wang C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2022 Jan;188(1):237-242.
Epub 2021 Aug 30
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62475.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34459558" target="_blank">34459558</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22075441">Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sankaranarayanan R,
Nessa A,
Esmy PO,
Dangou JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol</span>
2012 Apr;26(2):221-32.
Epub 2011 Nov 9
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22075441" target="_blank">22075441</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17955197">Alsin and the molecular pathways of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chandran J,
Ding J,
Cai H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Neurobiol</span>
2007 Dec;36(3):224-31.
Epub 2007 Jul 10
doi: 10.1007/s12035-007-0034-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17955197" target="_blank">17955197</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2364715" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7310405">Hereditary "pure" spastic paraplegia: a clinical and genetic study of 22 families.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Harding AE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
1981 Oct;44(10):871-83.
doi: 10.1136/jnnp.44.10.871.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7310405" target="_blank">7310405</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC491171" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3496228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (30)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3496228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (42)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3496228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (8)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3496228%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (46)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=612319" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=171629" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(hereditary%20spastic%20paraplegia%2035)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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