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<meta name="keywords" content="C0017668, disease or syndrome, fgs, fgs (focal glomerular sclerosis), fgs - focal glomerulosclerosis, focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, focal glomerular sclerosis, focal glomerulosclerosis, focal sclerosing glomerulonephritides, focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis, focal sclerosis with hyalinosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs), fsgs, fsgs - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, glomerulonephritides, focal sclerosing, glomerulonephritis, focal sclerosing, glomerulosclerosis, focal, glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental, sclerosing glomerulonephritides, focal, sclerosing glomerulonephritis, focal, segmental glomerulosclerosis, focal, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Segmental accumulation of scar tissue in individual (but not all) glomeruli." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=4904
ConceptID=C0017668
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis<span class="h1sub">(FSGS)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4904</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017668</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Focal sclerosis with hyalinosis; FSGS; Glomerulosclerosis, focal</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>FGS - Focal glomerulosclerosis (25821008); FSGS - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (236403004); Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (236403004); Focal glomerular sclerosis (25821008); Focal glomerulosclerosis (25821008)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-related">Related genes:<img src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div id="target-gene-related" class="display-none">
Gene(s) associated with related conditions. For conditions<br />
in a hierarchy, the parent condition will list the genes<br />
associated with the children conditions.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="/gene/286204">CRB2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/64423">INF2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/54443">ANLN</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/23607">CD2AP</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/8542">APOL1</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/7225">TRPC6</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/5076">PAX2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/4643">MYO1E</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/4010">LMX1B</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/81">ACTN4</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000097">HP:0000097</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0100313" target="_blank">MONDO:0100313</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Segmental accumulation of scar tissue in individual (but not all) glomeruli. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4273714[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=902527">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4273714[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=902527">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=902527" ref="ncbi_uid=902527">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/902527" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=902527&amp;link_uid=902527" title="View MedGen record for 'Familial idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome'">Familial idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN043612[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=432731">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/432731" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=432731&amp;link_uid=432731" title="View MedGen record for 'Hereditary Nephrotic Syndromes, Autosomal Dominant'">Hereditary Nephrotic Syndromes, Autosomal Dominant</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017668[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=4904">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0017668[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research" ref="ncbi_uid=4904">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=4904" ref="ncbi_uid=4904">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1008296" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1008296&amp;link_uid=1008296" title="View MedGen record for 'Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis'">Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3151568[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462918">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3151568[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=462918">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462918" target="_blank" href="/omim/256370">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK556455/" ref="ncbi_uid=462918">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462918" ref="ncbi_uid=462918">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462918" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462918&amp;link_uid=462918" title="View MedGen record for 'Nephrotic syndrome, type 4'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 4</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN043613[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=432732">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN043613[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=432732">R</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/432732" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=432732&amp;link_uid=432732" title="View MedGen record for 'Hereditary Nephrotic Syndromes, Autosomal Recessive'">Hereditary Nephrotic Syndromes, Autosomal Recessive</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0403399[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=98011">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0403399[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=98011">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=98011" target="_blank" href="/omim/256300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK573219/" ref="ncbi_uid=98011">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=98011" ref="ncbi_uid=98011">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98011" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=98011&amp;link_uid=98011" title="View MedGen record for 'Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome'">Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1868672[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=358380">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1868672[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=358380">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=358380" target="_blank" href="/omim/600995">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK573219/" ref="ncbi_uid=358380">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=358380" ref="ncbi_uid=358380">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/358380" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=358380&amp;link_uid=358380" title="View MedGen record for 'Nephrotic syndrome, type 2'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78593" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the kidney">Abnormality of the kidney</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1633142" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal renal morphology">Abnormal renal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal nephron morphology">Abnormal nephron morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1623650" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal renal corpuscle morphology">Abnormal renal corpuscle morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871392" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal renal glomerulus morphology">Abnormal renal glomerulus morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/61248" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Glomerular sclerosis">Glomerular sclerosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98337" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chronic rejection of renal transplant">Chronic rejection of renal transplant</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/891201" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Cellular Variant">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Cellular Variant</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/889144" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Collapsing Variant">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Collapsing Variant</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/889682" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Perihilar Variant">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Perihilar Variant</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/885369" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Tip Lesion Variant">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Tip Lesion Variant</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/887152" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Not Otherwise Specified">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Not Otherwise Specified</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/37145" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for HIV-associated nephropathy">HIV-associated nephropathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1008296" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis">Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1636833" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349053" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 2">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 2</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/413315" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/481535" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 6">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 6</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/863362" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/863430" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/863992" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 9">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 9</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335850" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3, susceptibility to">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3, susceptibility to</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/390820" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4, susceptibility to">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4, susceptibility to</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140789" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nail-patella-like renal disease">Nail-patella-like renal disease</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/884256" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Obesity Related Glomerulopathy">Obesity Related Glomerulopathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/313617" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis">Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354165" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Secondary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis">Secondary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78644"><div><strong>Glucose-6-phosphate transport defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78644</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268146</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is characterized by accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys resulting in hepatomegaly and nephromegaly. Severely affected infants present in the neonatal period with severe hypoglycemia due to fasting intolerance. More commonly, untreated infants present at age three to four months with hepatomegaly, severe hypoglycemia with or without seizures, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Affected children typically have doll-like faces with full cheeks, relatively thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant abdomen. Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function and development of reduced or dysfunctional von Willebrand factor can lead to a bleeding tendency with frequent epistaxis and menorrhagia in females. Individuals with untreated GSD Ib are more likely to develop impaired neutrophil and monocyte function as well as chronic neutropenia resulting in recurrent bacterial infections, gingivitis, periodontitis, and genital and intestinal ulcers. Long-term complications of untreated GSD I include short stature, osteoporosis, delayed puberty, renal disease (including proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis, renal stones, and kidney failure), gout, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, hepatic adenomas with potential for malignancy, pancreatitis, and polycystic ovaries. Seizures and cognitive impairment may occur in individuals with prolonged periods of hypoglycemia. Normal growth and puberty are expected in treated children. Most affected individuals live into adulthood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78644">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_87455"><div><strong>Phosphate transport defect</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87455</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0342749</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycogenosis due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (G6P) type b, or glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1b, is a type of glycogenosis due to G6P deficiency (see this term).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87455">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_140789"><div><strong>Nail-patella-like renal disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140789</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0403548</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-10 (FSGS10) is an autosomal dominant kidney disease characterized by isolated glomerulopathy without extrarenal manifestations. In particular, affected individuals do not have other signs of NPS. The renal disease is highly variable in severity and pathology, even within the same family. Most patients present in the first decades of life with proteinuria and hematuria, although onset of symptoms can manifest at any age, including late adulthood. Some patients progress to end-stage renal disease, whereas others have a stable disease course. Light microscopic analysis of renal biopsies shows a constellation of glomerular abnormalities, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), and, rarely, immune complex nephropathy. Electron microscopy characteristically shows an irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with electron-lucent areas containing accumulated bundles of type III collagen fibrils. The collagen deposition usually occurs in endothelial cells of the GBM; partial effacement of podocyte foot processes may also be present. These specific pathologic findings are similar to those observed in NPS patients with nephropathy. However, these findings may not always be present, which may make the diagnosis challenging (summary by Hall et al., 2017, Lei et al., 2020; review by Harita et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FSGS, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140789">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155629"><div><strong>Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155629</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0751779</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SCARB2-related action myoclonus renal failure syndrome (SCARB2-AMRF) comprises a continuum of two major (and ultimately fatal) manifestations: progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) and renal involvement that is apparently due to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The neurologic and renal manifestations progress independently. In some instances, renal involvement is not observed; thus, PME without renal manifestations caused by biallelic SCARB2 pathogenic variants is considered to be one end of the spectrum of SCARB2-AMRF. All individuals reported to date developed neurologic findings; in some instances renal manifestations predated neurologic involvement by decades. The disease progresses relentlessly, with neurologic deterioration (especially increasing severity of myoclonus) and/or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leading to death within seven to 15 years after onset.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155629">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_164078"><div><strong>Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>164078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0877024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (SIOD) is characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) resulting in short stature, nephropathy, and T cell deficiency. Radiographic manifestations of SED include ovoid and mildly flattened vertebral bodies, small ilia with shallow dysplastic acetabular fossae, and small deformed capital femoral epiphyses. Nearly all affected individuals have progressive steroid-resistant nephropathy, usually developing within five years of the diagnosis of growth failure and terminating with end-stage renal disease. The majority of tested individuals have T cell deficiency and an associated risk for opportunistic infection, a common cause of death. SIOD involves a spectrum that ranges from an infantile or severe early-onset form with a greater risk of death during childhood to a juvenile or milder later-onset form with likely survival into adulthood if renal disease is appropriately treated.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/164078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_181980"><div><strong>Drash syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>181980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0950121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">WT1 disorder is characterized by congenital/infantile or childhood onset of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), a progressive glomerulopathy that does not respond to standard steroid therapy. Additional common findings can include disorders of testicular development (with or without abnormalities of the external genitalia and/or müllerian structures) and Wilms tumor. Less common findings are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and gonadoblastoma. While various combinations of renal and other findings associated with a WT1 pathogenic variant were designated as certain syndromes in the past, those designations are now recognized to be part of a phenotypic continuum and are no longer clinically helpful.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/181980">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_215533"><div><strong>Frasier syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>215533</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0950122</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">WT1 disorder is characterized by congenital/infantile or childhood onset of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), a progressive glomerulopathy that does not respond to standard steroid therapy. Additional common findings can include disorders of testicular development (with or without abnormalities of the external genitalia and/or müllerian structures) and Wilms tumor. Less common findings are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and gonadoblastoma. While various combinations of renal and other findings associated with a WT1 pathogenic variant were designated as certain syndromes in the past, those designations are now recognized to be part of a phenotypic continuum and are no longer clinically helpful.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/215533">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_333426"><div><strong>Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333426</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Low molecular weight proteinuria with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis is a form of X-linked hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis, a group of disorders characterized by proximal renal tubular reabsorptive failure, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal insufficiency. These disorders have also been referred to as the 'Dent disease complex' (Scheinman, 1998; Gambaro et al., 2004). For a general discussion of Dent disease, see 300009.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333426">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_335850"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3, susceptibility to</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>335850</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842982</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic entity associated clinically with proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome (NPHS), and progressive loss of renal function. It is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Meyrier, 2005).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/335850">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_377831"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>377831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome, a malfunction of the glomerular filter, is characterized clinically by proteinuria, edema, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal histopathology may show diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (Hinkes et al., 2006).&#13; Most patients with nephrotic syndrome type 3 (NPHS3) show diffuse mesangial sclerosis on renal biopsy, which is a pathologic entity characterized by mesangial matrix expansion with no mesangial hypercellularity, hypertrophy of the podocytes, vacuolized podocytes, thickened basement membranes, and diminished patency of the capillary lumen (Gbadegesin et al., 2008).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/377831">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349053"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349053</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858915</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic entity associated clinically with proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome (NPHS), and progressive loss of renal function. It is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (review by Meyrier, 2005).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome (NPHS), see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349053">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355816"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia-nephritis-deafness syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355816</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866853</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paraplegia-nephritis-deafness syndrome is a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by progressive, variable spastic paraplegia associated with bilateral sensorineural deafness, intellectual disability, and progressive nephropathy. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355816">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358380"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358380</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868672</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 2 (NPHS2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by childhood onset of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Kidney biopsies show nonspecific histologic changes such as minimal change, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and diffuse mesangial proliferation. The disorder is resistant to steroid treatment and progresses to end-stage renal failure in the first or second decades (summary by Fuchshuber et al., 1996). Some patients show later onset of the disorder (Tsukaguchi et al., 2002).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358380">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_365434"><div><strong>Alagille syndrome due to a JAG1 point mutation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>365434</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1956125</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical variability; this variability is seen even among individuals from the same family. The major clinical manifestations of ALGS are bile duct paucity on liver biopsy, cholestasis, congenital cardiac defects (primarily involving the pulmonary arteries), butterfly vertebrae, ophthalmologic abnormalities (most commonly posterior embryotoxon), and characteristic facial features. Renal abnormalities, growth failure, behavioral differences, splenomegaly, retinal changes, and vascular abnormalities may also occur.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/365434">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390820"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4, susceptibility to</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390820</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2675525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic entity associated clinically with proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome (NPHS), and progressive loss of renal function. It is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Meyrier, 2005).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390820">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413315"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2750475</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic entity associated clinically with proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome (NPHS), and progressive loss of renal function. It is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Meyrier, 2005).&#13; Dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease E and focal segmental glomerulonephritis (CMTDIE; 614455) is also caused by heterozygous mutation in the INF2 gene.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413315">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414347"><div><strong>Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414347</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2751310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The two clinical presentations observed in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease REN (ADTKD-REN) correlate with the renin protein domains affected by the causative REN variants. Childhood/adolescent onset, the more common presentation (caused by REN variants encoding the signal peptide or prosegment domains), is characterized by decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, acidosis, hyperkalemia, and anemia early in life, followed by slowly progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gout. Adult onset, the less common presentation (caused by REN variants encoding the mature renin peptide), is characterized by gout or mild slowly progressive CKD, beginning in the third decade. Anemia, hyperkalemia, and acidemia do not occur.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414347">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_415885"><div><strong>Glycogen storage disease due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency type IA</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>415885</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2919796</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is characterized by accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys resulting in hepatomegaly and nephromegaly. Severely affected infants present in the neonatal period with severe hypoglycemia due to fasting intolerance. More commonly, untreated infants present at age three to four months with hepatomegaly, severe hypoglycemia with or without seizures, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Affected children typically have doll-like faces with full cheeks, relatively thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant abdomen. Xanthoma and diarrhea may be present. Impaired platelet function and development of reduced or dysfunctional von Willebrand factor can lead to a bleeding tendency with frequent epistaxis and menorrhagia in females. Individuals with untreated GSD Ib are more likely to develop impaired neutrophil and monocyte function as well as chronic neutropenia resulting in recurrent bacterial infections, gingivitis, periodontitis, and genital and intestinal ulcers. Long-term complications of untreated GSD I include short stature, osteoporosis, delayed puberty, renal disease (including proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis, renal stones, and kidney failure), gout, systemic hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, hepatic adenomas with potential for malignancy, pancreatitis, and polycystic ovaries. Seizures and cognitive impairment may occur in individuals with prolonged periods of hypoglycemia. Normal growth and puberty are expected in treated children. Most affected individuals live into adulthood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/415885">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462918"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462918</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">WT1 disorder is characterized by congenital/infantile or childhood onset of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), a progressive glomerulopathy that does not respond to standard steroid therapy. Additional common findings can include disorders of testicular development (with or without abnormalities of the external genitalia and/or müllerian structures) and Wilms tumor. Less common findings are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and gonadoblastoma. While various combinations of renal and other findings associated with a WT1 pathogenic variant were designated as certain syndromes in the past, those designations are now recognized to be part of a phenotypic continuum and are no longer clinically helpful.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462918">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481535"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279905</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-6 is an autosomal recessive childhood-onset kidney disorder manifest clinically by the nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, hypoalbuminemia, and progressive renal failure. It is a disease of the glomerular podocyte (summary by Mele et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481535">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481730"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481730</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280100</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The nephrotic syndrome refers to a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, resulting in end-stage kidney disease if untreated. Inherited defects in podocyte structure and function have been observed in some children with the steroid-resistant subtype of nephrotic syndrome (summary by Ozaltin et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481730">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481743"><div><strong>LAMB2-related infantile-onset nephrotic syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481743</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280113</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 5 (NPHS5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by very early onset of progressive renal failure manifest as proteinuria with consecutive edema starting in utero or within the first 3 months of life. A subset of patients may develop mild ocular anomalies, such as myopia, nystagmus, and strabismus (summary by Hasselbacher et al., 2006).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481743">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_764868"><div><strong>Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, primary, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>764868</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3551954</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a rare, clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in any of the genes encoding proteins directly involved in the synthesis of coenzyme Q (review by Quinzii and Hirano, 2011). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), or ubiquinone, is a mobile lipophilic electron carrier critical for electron transfer by the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory chain (Duncan et al., 2009).&#13; The disorder has been associated with 4 major phenotypes, but the molecular basis has not been determined in most patients with the disorder and there are no clear genotype/phenotype correlations. The phenotypes include an encephalomyopathic form with seizures and ataxia (Ogasahara et al., 1989); a multisystem infantile form with encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy and renal failure (Rotig et al., 2000); a predominantly cerebellar form with ataxia and cerebellar atrophy (Lamperti et al., 2003); and Leigh syndrome with growth retardation (van Maldergem et al., 2002). The correct diagnosis is important because some patients may show a favorable response to CoQ10 treatment.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency&#13; See also COQ10D2 (614651), caused by mutation in the PDSS1 gene (607429) on chromosome 10p12; COQ10D3 (614652), caused by mutation in the PDSS2 gene (610564) on chromosome 6q21; COQ10D4 (612016), caused by mutation in the COQ8 gene (ADCK3; 606980) on chromosome 1q42; COQ10D5 (614654), caused by mutation in the COQ9 gene (612837) on chromosome 16q21; COQ10D6 (614650), caused by mutation in the COQ6 gene (614647) on chromosome 14q24; COQ10D7 (616276), caused by mutation in the COQ4 gene (612898) on chromosome 9q34; COQ10D8 (616733), caused by mutation in the COQ7 gene (601683) on chromosome 16p13; and COQ10D9 (619028), caused by mutation in the COQ5 gene (616359) on chromosome 12q24.&#13; Secondary CoQ10 deficiency has been reported in association with glutaric aciduria type IIC (MADD; 231680), caused by mutation in the ETFDH gene (231675) on chromosome 4q, and with ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome-1 (AOA1; 208920), caused by mutation in the APTX gene (606350) on chromosome 9p13.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/764868">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766263"><div><strong>Familial steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with sensorineural deafness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766263</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553349</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency-6 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset in infancy of severe progressive nephrotic syndrome resulting in end-stage renal failure and sensorineural deafness. Renal biopsy usually shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Some patients may show a favorable response to oral coenzyme Q supplementation (summary by Heeringa et al., 2011).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency, see COQ10D1 (607426).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278) and NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766263">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816295"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816295</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809965</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 9 (NPHS9) is an autosomal recessive chronic kidney disorder characterized by significant proteinuria resulting in hypoalbuminemia and edema. Onset is in the first or second decade of life. The disorder is steroid treatment-resistant and usually progresses to end-stage renal disease requiring transplantation. Renal biopsy shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or collapsing FSGS (summary by Ashraf et al., 2013).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816295">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863362"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863362</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014925</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a form of kidney injury defined by partial sclerosis of some, but not all, glomeruli. It is characterized clinically by significant proteinuria with or without features of nephrotic syndrome. Some patients develop end-stage renal disease (summary by Barua et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome, see FSGS1 (603278).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863362">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863430"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863430</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4014993</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ANLN gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863430">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863992"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863992</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4015555</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CRB2 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863992">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_864080"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 24</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>864080</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4015643</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-24 (COXPD24) is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder with wide phenotypic variability. Most patients present in infancy with delayed neurodevelopment, refractory seizures, hypotonia, and hearing impairment due to auditory neuropathy. Less common features may include cortical blindness, renal dysfunction, and/or liver involvement, suggestive of Alpers syndrome (MTDPS4A; 203700). Patients with the severe phenotype tend to have brain abnormalities on imaging, including cerebral atrophy and hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, consistent with Leigh syndrome. Laboratory values may be normal or show increased lactate and evidence of mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, particularly in muscle. Some patients achieve little developmental milestones and may die in infancy or early childhood. However, some patients have a less severe phenotype manifest only by myopathy (summary by Sofou et al., 2015, Vanlander et al., 2015, and Mizuguchi et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/864080">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_900240"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>900240</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225165</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 13 (NPHS13) is a steroid-resistant form of nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Braun et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/900240">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_904365"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>904365</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225166</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 12 (NPHS12) is an autosomal recessive renal disorder caused by defects in the renal glomerular filter. Affected individuals have onset of progressive renal failure in the first years of life. Renal biopsy typically shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (summary by Braun et al., 2016).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/904365">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_898622"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898622</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225228</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 11 (NPHS11) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the kidney with onset in the first decade of life. The disorder is progressive and usually results in end-stage renal disease necessitating renal transplantation, although some patients may have a slightly milder phenotype (Miyake et al., 2015).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898622">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_928336"><div><strong>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate E</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>928336</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4302667</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease E with focal segmental glomerulonephritis is characterized by the neurologic features of CMT, including distal muscle weakness and atrophy and distal sensory loss, and the features of FSGS, including proteinuria, progression to end-stage renal disease, and a characteristic histologic pattern on renal biopsy (summary by Boyer et al., 2011).&#13; Isolated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis-5 (FSGS5; 613237) is also caused by heterozygous mutation in the INF2 gene.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CMTDI, see 606482.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/928336">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934594"><div><strong>Mucopolysaccharidosis-plus syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934594</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310627</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MPSPS is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting in a multisystem disorder with features of the mucopolysaccharidosis lysosomal storage diseases (see, e.g., 607016). Patients present in infancy or early childhood with respiratory difficulties, cardiac problems, anemia, dysostosis multiplex, renal involvement, coarse facies, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients die of cardiorespiratory failure in the first years of life (summary by Kondo et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934594">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934708"><div><strong>Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310741</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease-5 (ADTKD5) is characterized by the onset of progressive chronic renal disease in the first decades of life. Mild hyperuricemia may be present, but gout, hypertension, and proteinuria are usually absent. The disease may be associated with anemia or neutropenia. Some patients may have additional findings, including poor overall growth and impaired cognitive function. Renal biopsy shows tubulointerstitial abnormalities with atrophic tubules and fibrosis; secondary glomerular abnormalities and simple cysts may also be present (summary by Bolar et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity and revised nomenclature of ADTKD, see ADTKD1 (162000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934708">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1388385"><div><strong>Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional 7, with interstitial lung disease and nephrotic syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1388385</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4518785</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Junctional epidermolysis bullosa-7 with interstitial lung disease and nephrotic syndrome (JEB7), also known as ILNEB, is an autosomal recessive multiorgan disorder that includes congenital interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome, and epidermolysis bullosa. The respiratory and renal features predominate, and lung involvement accounts for the lethal course of the disease (summary by Has et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1388385">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1625619"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 2, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1625619</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4538784</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1625619">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1613511"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1613511</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540270</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1613511">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617227"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540274</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a renal-neurologic disease characterized by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities, and delayed psychomotor development. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism and ear abnormalities. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual or hearing impairment, are more variable. Most patients die in the first years of life (summary by Braun et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1617660"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1617660</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540559</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is characterized by varying combinations of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (ranging from nonimmune fetal hydrops to adolescent onset), primary adrenal insufficiency (with or without mineralocorticoid deficiency), testicular insufficiency, hypothyroidism, ichthyosis, lymphopenia/immunodeficiency, and neurologic abnormalities that can include developmental delay, regression / progressive neurologic involvement, cranial nerve deficits, and peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1617660">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1636833"><div><strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1636833</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic finding in several renal disorders that manifest clinically as proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function. Some patients with FSGS develop the clinical entity called 'nephrotic syndrome' (see NPHS1; 256300), which includes massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. However, patients with FSGS may have proteinuria in the nephrotic range without other features of the nephrotic syndrome (summary by D'Agati et al., 2004; Mathis et al., 1998).&#13; D'Agati et al. (2011) provided a detailed review of FSGS, emphasizing that the disorder results from defects of the podocyte.&#13; Because of confusion in the literature regarding use of the terms 'nephrotic syndrome' and 'focal segmental glomerulosclerosis' (see NOMENCLATURE section), these disorders in OMIM are classified as NPHS or FSGS according to how they were first designated in the literature.&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Nephrotic Syndrome&#13; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome are genetically heterogeneous disorders representing a spectrum of hereditary renal diseases. See also FSGS2 (603965), caused by mutation in the TRPC6 gene (603652); FSGS3 (607832), associated with variation in the CD2AP gene (604241); FSGS4 (612551), mapped to chromosome 22q12; FSGS5 (613237), caused by mutation in the INF2 gene (610982); FSGS6 (614131), caused by mutation in the MYO1E gene (601479); FSGS7 (616002), caused by mutation in the PAX2 gene (167409); FSGS8 (616032), caused by mutation in the ANLN gene (616027); FSGS9 (616220), caused by mutation in the CRB2 gene (609720); and FSGS10 (256020), caused by mutation in the LMX1B gene (602575).&#13; See also NPHS1 (256300), caused by mutation in the NPHS1 gene (602716); NPHS2 (600995), caused by mutation in the podocin gene (604766); NPHS3 (610725), caused by mutation in the PLCE1 gene (608414); NPHS4 (256370), caused by mutation in the WT1 gene (607102); NPHS5 (614199), caused by mutation in the LAMB2 gene (150325); NPHS6 (614196), caused by mutation in the PTPRO gene (600579); NPHS7 (615008), caused by mutation in the DGKE gene (601440); NPHS8 (615244), caused by mutation in the ARHGDIA gene (601925); NPHS9 (615573), caused by mutation in the COQ8B gene (615567); NPHS10 (615861), caused by mutation in the EMP2 gene (602334); NPHS11 (616730), caused by mutation in the NUP107 gene (607617); NPHS12 (616892), caused by mutation in the NUP93 gene (614351); NPHS13 (616893), caused by mutation in the NUP205 gene (614352); NPHS14 (617575), caused by mutation in the SGPL1 gene (603729); NPHS15 (617609), caused by mutation in the MAGI2 gene (606382); NPHS16 (617783), caused by mutation in the KANK2 gene (614610), NPHS17 (618176), caused by mutation in the NUP85 gene (170285); NPHS18 (618177), caused by mutation in the NUP133 gene (607613); NPHS19 (618178), caused by mutation in the NUP160 gene (607614); NPHS20 (301028), caused by mutation in the TBC1D8B gene (301027); and NPHS21 (618594) caused by mutation in the AVIL gene (613397).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1636833">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634188"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634188</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634188">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648294"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 17</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648294</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748545</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 17 (NPHS17), a disease of the renal glomerular filter, is characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. It does not respond to drug treatment and inevitably progresses to end-stage renal disease, thus requiring dialysis or renal transplantation for survival. Renal histology shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Braun et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648294">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648464"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648464</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748549</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 18 (NPHS18), a disease of the renal glomerular filter, is characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. It does not respond to drug treatment and inevitably progresses to end-stage renal disease, thus requiring dialysis or renal transplantation for survival. Renal histology shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Braun et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648464">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648305"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 19</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648305</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748552</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 19 (NPHS19), a disease of the renal glomerular filter, is characterized by proteinuria, edema, and hypoalbuminemia. It does not respond to drug treatment and inevitably progresses to end-stage renal disease, thus requiring dialysis or renal transplantation for survival. Renal histology shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (summary by Braun et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648305">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1678854"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 20</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1678854</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193011</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 20 (NPHS20) is an X-linked renal disorder characterized by onset of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria in the first decade of life in affected males. The course of the disorder is highly variable: some patients progress to end-stage kidney disease and may die in childhood without renal transplantation, whereas others have milder symptoms and maintain normal renal function. Carrier females may have a milder disorder with proteinuria or may be unaffected. Renal biopsy typically shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and effacement of podocyte foot processes (summary by Dorval et al., 2019 and Kampf et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1678854">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1674560"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1674560</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193043</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental defects combined with renal-glomerular disease manifest as nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria. Most patients with GAMOS6 also have growth deficiency with variable microcephaly, and the renal disease may be age-dependent. Additional variable endocrine abnormalities have also been reported (summary by Braun et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1674560">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1679283"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1679283</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome-7 (GAMOS7) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, and early-onset nephrotic syndrome (summary by Rosti et al., 2017).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1679283">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675829"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675829</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193045</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome-8 (GAMOS8) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired psychomotor development, poor overall growth with microcephaly, and early-onset progressive nephrotic syndrome associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on renal biopsy. Some patients may have seizures, and some may die in childhood (summary by Fujita et al., 2018).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675829">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1741713"><div><strong>Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1741713</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436867</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome (MDPS) is an autosomal recessive severe laminopathy-like disorder characterized by growth retardation, bone resorption, arterial calcification, renal glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension (Elouej et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1741713">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1787011"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1787011</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543092</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 23 (NPHS23) is an autosomal recessive renal disorder characterized by the onset of proteinuria in the first or second decade of life. The outcome is variable: some patients have normal renal function after many years, whereas others may progress to chronic kidney disease. Renal biopsy shows mesangial hypercellularity, consistent with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and effacement of podocyte foot processes (summary by Solanki et al., 2019).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome and FSGS, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1787011">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1781068"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, type 24</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1781068</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543267</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 24 (NPHS24) is an autosomal recessive renal disorder characterized by onset of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia in early childhood, although onset in the second decade has been reported. Additional features include edema and hyperlipidemia. The disorder is slowly progressive, and most patients eventually develop end-stage renal disease. Renal biopsy shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (summary by Schneider et al., 2020).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1781068">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794226"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794226</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5562016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Galloway-Mowat syndrome-9 (GAMOS9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria in infancy or early childhood. The renal disease is slowly progressive, but some affected individuals may develop end-stage renal disease in the first decade. Renal biopsy shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS). Affected individuals also have developmental delay and secondary microcephaly. Additional features may include facial dysmorphism and gastroesophageal reflux. Early death may occur (Arrondel et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GAMOS, see GAMOS1 (251300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794226">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823994"><div><strong>Nephrotic syndrome, IIa 26</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774221</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nephrotic syndrome type 26 (NPHS26) is an autosomal recessive renal disorder characterized by onset of proteinuria in the first months or years of life. Other features may include edema and hypoalbuminemia. Renal biopsy shows focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS), abnormalities of the glomerular basement membrane, and effacement of podocyte foot processes. There is variability in disease progression and response to treatment: some patients respond to steroids, whereas others show steroid resistance and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Braun et al., 2019; Taniguchi et al., 2021).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nephrotic syndrome, see NPHS1 (256300).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823994">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840207"><div><strong>Cataracts, hearing impairment, nephrotic syndrome, and enterocolitis 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840207</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5829571</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cataracts, hearing impairment, nephrotic syndrome, and enterocolitis-1 (CHINE1) is an X-linked syndromic disorder that is phenotypically more severe in males than females. Affected males present with the full constellation of symptoms in early infancy, resulting in death in early childhood. Affected females develop early-onset hearing impairment, often with early-onset cataracts, but only rarely have nephrotic syndrome or proteinuria; they do not have enterocolitis. The variable manifestations in females may be influenced by skewed X-inactivation. Telomeres are shortened, but classic mucocutaneous features of DKCX are not typically observed. CHINE1 is due to a ribosomal pseudouridylation defect (Balogh et al., 2020).&#13; See also CHINE2 (620425), caused by mutation in the NOP10 gene (606471).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840207">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841226"><div><strong>Cataracts, hearing impairment, nephrotic syndrome, and enterocolitis 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841226</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830590</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cataracts, hearing impairment, nephrotic syndrome, and enterocolitis-2 (CHINE2) is an autosomal recessive syndromic disorder characterized by onset of this constellation of features in infancy, resulting in death in early childhood. Telomeres are shortened, but classic mucocutaneous features of DKCB1 are not typically observed. CHINE2 is due to a ribosomal pseudouridylation defect (Balogh et al., 2020).&#13; See also CHINE1 (301108), caused by mutation in the DKC1 gene (300126).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841226">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854762"><div><strong>Polycystic kidney disease 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854762</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5935640</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Polycystic kidney disease-8 (PKD8) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by enlarged kidneys, arterial hypertension, and kidney failure (Claus et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854762">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1636833" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349053" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_335850" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3, susceptibility to</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390820" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 4, susceptibility to</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863362" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863430" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863992" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_215533" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frasier syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1634188" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1625619" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 2, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1613511" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1674560" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1679283" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 7</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675829" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794226" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78644" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glucose-6-phosphate transport defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_415885" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Glycogen storage disease due to glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency type IA</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481743" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">LAMB2-related infantile-onset nephrotic syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1741713" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibuloacral dysplasia progeroid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934594" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mucopolysaccharidosis-plus syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_140789" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nail-patella-like renal disease</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1617660" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome 14</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1823994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, IIa 26</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_898622" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_904365" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_900240" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648294" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 17</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648464" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648305" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 19</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358380" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1678854" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 20</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1787011" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 23</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1781068" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 24</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_377831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462918" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481730" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816295" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephrotic syndrome, type 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_87455" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phosphate transport defect</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854762" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polycystic kidney disease 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_333426" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_164078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355816" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia-nephritis-deafness syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34556300">Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rovin BH,
Adler SG,
Barratt J,
Bridoux F,
Burdge KA,
Chan TM,
Cook HT,
Fervenza FC,
Gibson KL,
Glassock RJ,
Jayne DRW,
Jha V,
Liew A,
Liu ZH,
Mejía-Vilet JM,
Nester CM,
Radhakrishnan J,
Rave EM,
Reich HN,
Ronco P,
Sanders JF,
Sethi S,
Suzuki Y,
Tang SCW,
Tesar V,
Vivarelli M,
Wetzels JFM,
Lytvyn L,
Craig JC,
Tunnicliffe DJ,
Howell M,
Tonelli MA,
Cheung M,
Earley A,
Floege J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Kidney Int</span>
2021 Oct;100(4):753-779.
doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34556300" target="_blank">34556300</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28914167">Nephrotic syndrome in infants and children: pathophysiology and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Downie ML,
Gallibois C,
Parekh RS,
Noone DG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Int Child Health</span>
2017 Nov;37(4):248-258.
Epub 2017 Sep 15
doi: 10.1080/20469047.2017.1374003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28914167" target="_blank">28914167</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26977832">Diagnosis and Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kodner C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2016 Mar 15;93(6):479-85.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26977832" target="_blank">26977832</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (250)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37022667">Sparsentan: First Approval.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Syed YY</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs</span>
2023 Apr;83(6):563-568.
doi: 10.1007/s40265-023-01864-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37022667" target="_blank">37022667</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10232600" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33121631">Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Politano SA,
Colbert GB,
Hamiduzzaman N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care</span>
2020 Dec;47(4):597-613.
Epub 2020 Sep 26
doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.08.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33121631" target="_blank">33121631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32721952">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: State-of-the-Art and Clinical Perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shabaka A,
Tato Ribera A,
Fernández-Juárez G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephron</span>
2020;144(9):413-427.
Epub 2020 Jul 28
doi: 10.1159/000508099.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32721952" target="_blank">32721952</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454752">Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang CS,
Greenbaum LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):73-85.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454752" target="_blank">30454752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28242845">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosenberg AZ,
Kopp JB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2017 Mar 7;12(3):502-517.
Epub 2017 Feb 27
doi: 10.2215/CJN.05960616.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28242845" target="_blank">28242845</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5338705" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2297)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36198505">The Immune System and Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Campbell RE,
Thurman JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2022 Dec;17(12):1823-1834.
Epub 2022 Oct 5
doi: 10.2215/CJN.07180622.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36198505" target="_blank">36198505</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9718018" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33121631">Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Politano SA,
Colbert GB,
Hamiduzzaman N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prim Care</span>
2020 Dec;47(4):597-613.
Epub 2020 Sep 26
doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.08.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33121631" target="_blank">33121631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31733721">Lupus Podocytopathy: An Overview.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oliva-Damaso N,
Payan J,
Oliva-Damaso E,
Pereda T,
Bomback AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Chronic Kidney Dis</span>
2019 Sep;26(5):369-375.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31733721" target="_blank">31733721</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8405037" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454752">Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang CS,
Greenbaum LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):73-85.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454752" target="_blank">30454752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23990165">Glomerular diseases: FSGS.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bose B,
Cattran D;
Toronto Glomerulonephritis Registry</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2014 Mar;9(3):626-32.
Epub 2013 Aug 29
doi: 10.2215/CJN.05810513.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23990165" target="_blank">23990165</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3944761" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2202)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35224732">Interventions for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hodson EM,
Sinha A,
Cooper TE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2022 Feb 28;2(2):CD003233.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003233.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35224732" target="_blank">35224732</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8883337" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32721952">Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: State-of-the-Art and Clinical Perspective.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shabaka A,
Tato Ribera A,
Fernández-Juárez G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephron</span>
2020;144(9):413-427.
Epub 2020 Jul 28
doi: 10.1159/000508099.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32721952" target="_blank">32721952</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32293308">Rituximab therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hansrivijit P,
Cheungpasitporn W,
Thongprayoon C,
Ghahramani N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Nephrol</span>
2020 Apr 15;21(1):134.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01797-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32293308" target="_blank">32293308</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7160971" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30454752">Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang CS,
Greenbaum LA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2019 Feb;66(1):73-85.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30454752" target="_blank">30454752</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22187987">Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">D'Agati VD,
Kaskel FJ,
Falk RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2011 Dec 22;365(25):2398-411.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1106556.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22187987" target="_blank">22187987</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1893)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32791086">Proteinuria Reduction and Kidney Survival in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Troost JP,
Trachtman H,
Spino C,
Kaskel FJ,
Friedman A,
Moxey-Mims MM,
Fine RN,
Gassman JJ,
Kopp JB,
Walsh L,
Wang R,
Gipson DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Kidney Dis</span>
2021 Feb;77(2):216-225.
Epub 2020 Aug 10
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.04.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32791086" target="_blank">32791086</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7854818" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28700988">High-Dose Rituximab Ineffective for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Long-Term Observation Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roccatello D,
Sciascia S,
Rossi D,
Alpa M,
Naretto C,
Radin M,
Barreca A,
Fenoglio R,
Baldovino S,
Menegatti E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Nephrol</span>
2017;46(2):108-113.
Epub 2017 Jul 13
doi: 10.1159/000477944.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28700988" target="_blank">28700988</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21896376">Vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mattoo TK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Chronic Kidney Dis</span>
2011 Sep;18(5):348-54.
doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2011.07.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21896376" target="_blank">21896376</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3169795" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21068142">The incidence of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide: a systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McGrogan A,
Franssen CF,
de Vries CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2011 Feb;26(2):414-30.
Epub 2010 Nov 10
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq665.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21068142" target="_blank">21068142</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12704581">Collapsing glomerulopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schwimmer JA,
Markowitz GS,
Valeri A,
Appel GB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Nephrol</span>
2003 Mar;23(2):209-18.
doi: 10.1053/snep.2003.50019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12704581" target="_blank">12704581</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1636)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36198505">The Immune System and Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Campbell RE,
Thurman JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2022 Dec;17(12):1823-1834.
Epub 2022 Oct 5
doi: 10.2215/CJN.07180622.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36198505" target="_blank">36198505</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9718018" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32293308">Rituximab therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hansrivijit P,
Cheungpasitporn W,
Thongprayoon C,
Ghahramani N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Nephrol</span>
2020 Apr 15;21(1):134.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01797-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32293308" target="_blank">32293308</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7160971" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28689240">suPAR and chronic kidney disease-a podocyte story.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zeier M,
Reiser J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pflugers Arch</span>
2017 Aug;469(7-8):1017-1020.
Epub 2017 Jul 8
doi: 10.1007/s00424-017-2026-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28689240" target="_blank">28689240</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28341274">Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trimarchi H,
Barratt J,
Cattran DC,
Cook HT,
Coppo R,
Haas M,
Liu ZH,
Roberts IS,
Yuzawa Y,
Zhang H,
Feehally J;
IgAN Classification Working Group of the International IgA Nephropathy Network and the Renal Pathology Society;
Conference Participants</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Kidney Int</span>
2017 May;91(5):1014-1021.
Epub 2017 Mar 22
doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28341274" target="_blank">28341274</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23990165">Glomerular diseases: FSGS.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bose B,
Cattran D;
Toronto Glomerulonephritis Registry</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</span>
2014 Mar;9(3):626-32.
Epub 2013 Aug 29
doi: 10.2215/CJN.05810513.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23990165" target="_blank">23990165</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3944761" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1475)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35224732">Interventions for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hodson EM,
Sinha A,
Cooper TE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2022 Feb 28;2(2):CD003233.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003233.pub3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35224732" target="_blank">35224732</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8883337" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32293308">Rituximab therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hansrivijit P,
Cheungpasitporn W,
Thongprayoon C,
Ghahramani N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Nephrol</span>
2020 Apr 15;21(1):134.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01797-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32293308" target="_blank">32293308</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7160971" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30298667">Advanced therapeutics in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu Y,
Shi Y,
Ren R,
Xie J,
Wang W,
Chen N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrology (Carlton)</span>
2018 Oct;23 Suppl 4:57-61.
doi: 10.1111/nep.13463.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30298667" target="_blank">30298667</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27144166">Treatment Strategies of Adult Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Systematic Review Focusing on the Last Two Decades.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beer A,
Mayer G,
Kronbichler A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biomed Res Int</span>
2016;2016:4192578.
Epub 2016 Apr 7
doi: 10.1155/2016/4192578.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27144166" target="_blank">27144166</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4838780" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21068142">The incidence of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide: a systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McGrogan A,
Franssen CF,
de Vries CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nephrol Dial Transplant</span>
2011 Feb;26(2):414-30.
Epub 2010 Nov 10
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq665.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21068142" target="_blank">21068142</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0017668%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (16)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0017668%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;test_type=Research" target="_blank">Research (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0017668%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (25)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0017668%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (4)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0017668%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (28)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Focal%20segmental%20glomerulosclerosis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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