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<meta name="keywords" content="C3280856, congenital ichthyosis, intellectual disability, spastic quadriplegia syndrome, congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome, congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic tetraplegia syndrome, disease or syndrome, elovl4, elovl4 (elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 4) related neuro ichthyosis, elovl4-related neuro ichthyosis, ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and impaired intellectual development, ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and intellectual disability, ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation, isqmr, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="ISQMR is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ichthyosis apparent from birth, profound psychomotor retardation with essentially no development, spastic quadriplegia, and seizures (summary by Aldahmesh et al., 2011)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome (Concept Id: C3280856)
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<!--
UID=482486
ConceptID=C3280856
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome<span class="h1sub">(ISQMR)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280856</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>ICHTHYOSIS, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA, AND IMPAIRED INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT; Ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation; ISQMR</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>ELOVL4 (elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 4) related neuro ichthyosis (1208936008); Congenital ichthyosis, intellectual disability, spastic quadriplegia syndrome (1208936008); ELOVL4-related neuro ichthyosis (1208936008)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="ELOVL4 - ID: 6785 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/6785" class="medgenPMinfo">ELOVL4</a> (6q14.1)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013760" target="_blank">MONDO:0013760</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/614457" target="_blank">614457</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=352333">ORPHA352333</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">ISQMR is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ichthyosis apparent from birth, profound psychomotor retardation with essentially no development, spastic quadriplegia, and seizures (summary by Aldahmesh et al., 2011). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_333083"><div><strong>Limb hypertonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838391</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333083">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limb%20hypertonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20333083%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99124"><div><strong>Growth delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99124</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0456070</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99124">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Growth%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099124%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_43220"><div><strong>Photophobia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>43220</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/43220">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Photophobia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2043220%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98433"><div><strong>Spastic tetraplegia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98433</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426970</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spastic paralysis affecting all four limbs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98433">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Spastic%20tetraplegia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098433%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105509"><div><strong>Abnormality of visual evoked potentials</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105509</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0522214</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105509">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20visual%20evoked%20potentials%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105509%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892508"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, profound</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892508</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3161330</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892508">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20profound%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892508%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_766364"><div><strong>Profound global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766364</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553450</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A profound delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766364">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Profound%20global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20766364%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_867393"><div><strong>Delayed CNS myelination</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867393</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Delayed myelination in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/867393">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20CNS%20myelination%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20867393%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_892704"><div><strong>Generalized myoclonic seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892704</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4021759</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A generalized myoclonic seizure is a type of generalized motor seizure characterized by bilateral, sudden, brief (&lt;100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/892704">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20myoclonic%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20892704%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_871188"><div><strong>Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the central nervous system</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>871188</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025665</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence or underdevelopment of tissue in the central nervous system.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/871188">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aplasia%2FHypoplasia%20involving%20the%20central%20nervous%20system%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20871188%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1643639"><div><strong>Brain atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1643639</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551584</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1643639">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brain%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201643639%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3228"><div><strong>Joint contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3228</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009918</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A limitation in the passive range of motion of a joint resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. A contracture prevents movement of the associated body part.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3228">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Joint%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203228%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6817"><div><strong>Inguinal hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6817</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6817">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inguinal%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206817%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2109"><div><strong>Asthma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2109</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0004096</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to multiple stimuli, leading to narrowing of the air passages with resultant dyspnea, cough, and wheezing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2109">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Asthma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202109%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_4895"><div><strong>Gingivitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4895</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017574</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of the gingiva.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4895">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gingivitis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%204895%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7002"><div><strong>Ichthyosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7002</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020757</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the skin characterized the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales on the skin resulting from an abnormality of keratinization.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7002">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ichthyosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207002%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11999"><div><strong>Erythema</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11999</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0041834</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11999">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Erythema%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011999%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_38180"><div><strong>Congenital nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>38180</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0079154</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term collodion baby applies to newborns who appear to have an extra layer of skin (known as a collodion membrane) that has a collodion-like quality. It is a descriptive term, not a specific diagnosis or disorder (as such, it is a syndrome). Affected babies are born in a collodion membrane, a shiny waxy outer layer to the skin. This is shed 10-14 days after birth, revealing the main symptom of the disease, extensive scaling of the skin caused by hyperkeratosis. With increasing age, the scaling tends to be concentrated around joints in areas such as the groin, the armpits, the inside of the elbow and the neck. The scales often tile the skin and may resemble fish scales.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/38180">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20nonbullous%20ichthyosiform%20erythroderma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2038180%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56250"><div><strong>Dry skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56250</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151908</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Skin characterized by the lack of natural or normal moisture.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56250">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dry%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056250%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_472970"><div><strong>Scaling skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>472970</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0237849</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Refers to the loss of the outer layer of the epidermis in large, scale-like flakes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/472970">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Scaling%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20472970%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_209030"><div><strong>Hyperkeratosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>209030</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0870082</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the epidermis involving the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, which is composed of large, polyhedral, plate-like envelopes filled with keratin which are the dead cells that have migrated up from the stratum granulosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/209030">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperkeratosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20209030%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78759"><div><strong>High myopia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78759</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0271183</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78759">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20myopia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078759%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_4895" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gingivitis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_333083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limb hypertonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78759" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High myopia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2109" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Asthma</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_38180" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56250" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dry skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11999" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Erythema</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_209030" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperkeratosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7002" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ichthyosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_472970" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scaling skin</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6817" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inguinal hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3228" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joint contracture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105509" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of visual evoked potentials</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_871188" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the central nervous system</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1643639" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brain atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_867393" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed CNS myelination</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892704" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized myoclonic seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_892508" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, profound</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_43220" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Photophobia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_766364" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Profound global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98433" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic tetraplegia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99124" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Growth delay</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3280856[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=482486">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=482486" target="_blank" href="/omim/605512">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=482486" ref="ncbi_uid=482486">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1842691" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autosomal ichthyosis syndrome with prominent neurologics signs">Autosomal ichthyosis syndrome with prominent neurologics signs</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=22057&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Congenital ichthyosis-intellectual disability-spastic quadriplegia syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35322404">El-Hattab-Alkuraya syndrome caused by biallelic WDR45B pathogenic variants: Further delineation of the phenotype and genotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Almannai M,
Marafi D,
Abdel-Salam GMH,
Zaki MS,
Duan R,
Calame D,
Herman I,
Levesque F,
Elbendary HM,
Hegazy I,
Chung WK,
Kavus H,
Saeidi K,
Maroofian R,
AlHashim A,
Al-Otaibi A,
Al Madhi A,
Abou Al-Seood HM,
Alasmari A,
Houlden H,
Gleeson JG,
Hunter JV,
Posey JE,
Lupski JR,
El-Hattab AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2022 May;101(5-6):530-540.
Epub 2022 Apr 12
doi: 10.1111/cge.14132.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35322404" target="_blank">35322404</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9359317" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18091277">Atlanto-occipital dislocation--part 2: The clinical use of (occipital) condyle-C1 interval, comparison with other diagnostic methods, and the manifestation, management, and outcome of atlanto-occipital dislocation in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pang D,
Nemzek WR,
Zovickian J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurgery</span>
2007 Nov;61(5):995-1015; discussion 1015.
doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000303196.87672.78.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18091277" target="_blank">18091277</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32255274">A novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in ASNS broadens the spectrum of asparagine synthetase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang C,
He G,
Ge Y,
Li R,
Li Z,
Lin Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2020 Jun;8(6):e1235.
Epub 2020 Apr 7
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1235.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32255274" target="_blank">32255274</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7284041" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29758293">TLE1, a key player in neurogenesis, a new candidate gene for autosomal recessive postnatal microcephaly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cavallin M,
Maillard C,
Hully M,
Philbert M,
Boddaert N,
Reilly ML,
Nitschké P,
Bery A,
Bahi-Buisson N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2018 Dec;61(12):729-732.
Epub 2018 May 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.05.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29758293" target="_blank">29758293</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22814679">Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lamari F,
Mochel F,
Sedel F,
Saudubray JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 May;36(3):411-25.
Epub 2012 Jul 20
doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9509-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22814679" target="_blank">22814679</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20056422">Phrenic nerve stimulation: the Australian experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khong P,
Lazzaro A,
Mobbs R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurosci</span>
2010 Feb;17(2):205-8.
Epub 2010 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.06.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20056422" target="_blank">20056422</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2183946">Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Torg JS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Sports Med</span>
1990 Apr;9(2):279-96.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2183946" target="_blank">2183946</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (20)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22814679">Disorders of phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids biosynthesis: toward a new category of inherited metabolic diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lamari F,
Mochel F,
Sedel F,
Saudubray JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 May;36(3):411-25.
Epub 2012 Jul 20
doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9509-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22814679" target="_blank">22814679</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12374591">Bilateral symmetrical frontoparietal polymicrogyria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sztriha L,
Nork M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Paediatr Neurol</span>
2002;6(4):229-32.
doi: 10.1053/ejpn.2002.0599.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12374591" target="_blank">12374591</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8463696">Spinal considerations in the young athlete.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pizzutillo PD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Instr Course Lect</span>
1993;42:463-72.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8463696" target="_blank">8463696</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2371147">Delayed cervical central cord syndrome after trivial trauma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riviello JJ Jr,
Marks HG,
Faerber EN,
Steg NL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Emerg Care</span>
1990 Jun;6(2):113-7.
doi: 10.1097/00006565-199006000-00012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2371147" target="_blank">2371147</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2183946">Cervical spinal stenosis with cord neurapraxia and transient quadriplegia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Torg JS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Sports Med</span>
1990 Apr;9(2):279-96.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2183946" target="_blank">2183946</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (36)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38374472">Neurological outcome following delayed traction and fixation in severe tetraparesis consecutive to posterior decompression for Chiari malformation: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vigneul E,
Del Gaudio N,
de Nijs L,
Raftopoulos C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
2024 Jun;40(6):1943-1947.
Epub 2024 Feb 19
doi: 10.1007/s00381-024-06327-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38374472" target="_blank">38374472</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33645938">Spastic quadriplegia following intradermal use of hydrogen peroxide in the tardive curettage procedure for the treatment of a giant congenital nevus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Molinelli A,
Cozzani E,
Burlando M,
Santi P,
Parodi A,
Ventura F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">G Ital Dermatol Venereol</span>
2020 Dec;155(6):780-782.
doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.16.05231-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33645938" target="_blank">33645938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27016841">Posterior Circulation Ischemia or Occlusion in Five Adults With Failing Fontan Circulation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broomall E,
McBride ME,
Deal BJ,
Ducharme-Crevier L,
Shaw A,
Mazwi M,
Backer CL,
Mongé MC,
Costello J,
Marino BS,
DeFreitas A,
Wainwright MS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Thorac Surg</span>
2016 Jun;101(6):2315-20.
Epub 2016 Mar 24
doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27016841" target="_blank">27016841</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21327144">Cervical Klippel-Feil syndrome predisposing an elderly African man to central cord myelopathy following minor trauma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adeleye AO,
Akinyemi RO</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Afr Health Sci</span>
2010 Sep;10(3):302-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21327144" target="_blank">21327144</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3035964" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8880794">Diaphragm pacing with a quadripolar phrenic nerve electrode: an international study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Weese-Mayer DE,
Silvestri JM,
Kenny AS,
Ilbawi MN,
Hauptman SA,
Lipton JW,
Talonen PP,
Garcia HG,
Watt JW,
Exner G,
Baer GA,
Elefteriades JA,
Peruzzi WT,
Alex CG,
Harlid R,
Vincken W,
Davis GM,
Decramer M,
Kuenzle C,
Saeterhaug A,
Schöber JG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pacing Clin Electrophysiol</span>
1996 Sep;19(9):1311-9.
doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb04209.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8880794" target="_blank">8880794</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32255274">A novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in ASNS broadens the spectrum of asparagine synthetase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang C,
He G,
Ge Y,
Li R,
Li Z,
Lin Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2020 Jun;8(6):e1235.
Epub 2020 Apr 7
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1235.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32255274" target="_blank">32255274</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7284041" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20056422">Phrenic nerve stimulation: the Australian experience.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khong P,
Lazzaro A,
Mobbs R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Neurosci</span>
2010 Feb;17(2):205-8.
Epub 2010 Jan 6
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.06.012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20056422" target="_blank">20056422</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15843272">A new syndrome of myopathy with muscle spindle excess.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stassou S,
Nadroo A,
Schubert R,
Chin S,
Gudavalli M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Perinat Med</span>
2005;33(2):179-82.
doi: 10.1515/JPM.2005.034.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15843272" target="_blank">15843272</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11004132">Worster-Drought syndrome, a mild tetraplegic perisylvian cerebral palsy. Review of 47 cases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Clark M,
Carr L,
Reilly S,
Neville BG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2000 Oct;123 ( Pt 10):2160-70.
doi: 10.1093/brain/123.10.2160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11004132" target="_blank">11004132</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2371147">Delayed cervical central cord syndrome after trivial trauma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riviello JJ Jr,
Marks HG,
Faerber EN,
Steg NL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Emerg Care</span>
1990 Jun;6(2):113-7.
doi: 10.1097/00006565-199006000-00012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2371147" target="_blank">2371147</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (16)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35322404">El-Hattab-Alkuraya syndrome caused by biallelic WDR45B pathogenic variants: Further delineation of the phenotype and genotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Almannai M,
Marafi D,
Abdel-Salam GMH,
Zaki MS,
Duan R,
Calame D,
Herman I,
Levesque F,
Elbendary HM,
Hegazy I,
Chung WK,
Kavus H,
Saeidi K,
Maroofian R,
AlHashim A,
Al-Otaibi A,
Al Madhi A,
Abou Al-Seood HM,
Alasmari A,
Houlden H,
Gleeson JG,
Hunter JV,
Posey JE,
Lupski JR,
El-Hattab AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Genet</span>
2022 May;101(5-6):530-540.
Epub 2022 Apr 12
doi: 10.1111/cge.14132.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35322404" target="_blank">35322404</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9359317" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33393410">Classification of Congenital Zika Syndrome: Muscle Tone, Motor Type, Body Segments Affected, and Gross Motor Function.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tavares JS,
Gama GL,
Dias Borges MC,
de Sousa Santos AC,
Tavares JS,
Amorim MMR,
Melo A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dev Neurorehabil</span>
2021 Jul;24(5):296-302.
Epub 2021 Jan 3
doi: 10.1080/17518423.2020.1866706.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33393410" target="_blank">33393410</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32255274">A novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in ASNS broadens the spectrum of asparagine synthetase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang C,
He G,
Ge Y,
Li R,
Li Z,
Lin Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
2020 Jun;8(6):e1235.
Epub 2020 Apr 7
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1235.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32255274" target="_blank">32255274</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7284041" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24781758">An AP4B1 frameshift mutation in siblings with intellectual disability and spastic tetraplegia further delineates the AP-4 deficiency syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abdollahpour H,
Alawi M,
Kortüm F,
Beckstette M,
Seemanova E,
Komárek V,
Rosenberger G,
Kutsche K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Feb;23(2):256-9.
Epub 2014 Apr 30
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.73.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24781758" target="_blank">24781758</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4297901" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22639992">Spastic quadriplegia in Down syndrome with congenital duodenal stenosis/atresia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kurosawa K,
Enomoto K,
Tominaga M,
Furuya N,
Sameshima K,
Iai M,
Take H,
Shinkai M,
Ishikawa H,
Yamanaka M,
Matsui K,
Masuno M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
2012 Jun;52(2):78-81.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00357.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22639992" target="_blank">22639992</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20ichthyosis-intellectual%20disability-spastic%20quadriplegia%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3280856%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (22)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3280856%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (27)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3280856%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3280856%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (32)</a></total></li>
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