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<meta name="keywords" content="3-methylglutaric aciduria, 3-methylglutaricaciduria, C3151952, finding, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An abnormally increased level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid in the urine." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>3-Methylglutaric aciduria (Concept Id: C3151952)
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-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">3-Methylglutaric aciduria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463302</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151952</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>3-methylglutaricaciduria</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003344">HP:0003344</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An abnormally increased level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid in the urine. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">3-Methylglutaric aciduria</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system physiology">Abnormality of the urinary system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871178" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of urine homeostasis">Abnormality of urine homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine metabolite level">Abnormal urine metabolite level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1671015" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine carboxylic acid level">Abnormal urine carboxylic acid level</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">3-Methylglutaric aciduria</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_78692"><div><strong>Deficiency of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78692</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268601</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with the cardinal manifestations of metabolic acidosis without ketonuria, hypoglycemia, and a characteristic pattern of elevated urinary organic acid metabolites, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, 3-methylglutaric, and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acids. Urinary levels of 3-methylcrotonylglycine may be increased. Dicarboxylic aciduria, hepatomegaly, and hyperammonemia may also be observed. Presenting clinical signs include irritability, lethargy, coma, and vomiting (summary by Gibson et al., 1988).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78692">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_87459"><div><strong>Pearson syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87459</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342784</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion syndromes (SLSMDSs) comprise overlapping clinical phenotypes including Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), KSS spectrum, Pearson syndrome (PS), chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), and CPEO-plus. KSS is a progressive multisystem disorder with onset before age 20 years characterized by pigmentary retinopathy, CPEO, and cardiac conduction abnormality. Additional features can include cerebellar ataxia, tremor, intellectual disability or cognitive decline, dementia, sensorineural hearing loss, oropharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and endocrinopathies. Brain imaging typically shows bilateral lesions in the globus pallidus and white matter. KSS spectrum includes individuals with KSS in addition to individuals with ptosis and/or ophthalmoparesis and at least one of the following: retinopathy, ataxia, cardiac conduction defects, hearing loss, growth deficiency, cognitive impairment, tremor, or cardiomyopathy. Compared to CPEO-plus, individuals with KSS spectrum have more severe muscle involvement (e.g., weakness, atrophy) and overall have a worse prognosis. PS is characterized by pancytopenia (typically transfusion-dependent sideroblastic anemia with variable cell line involvement), exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, poor weight gain, and lactic acidosis. PS manifestations also include renal tubular acidosis, short stature, and elevated liver enzymes. PS may be fatal in infancy due to neutropenia-related infection or refractory metabolic acidosis. CPEO is characterized by ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, oropharyngeal weakness, variable proximal limb weakness, and/or exercise intolerance. CPEO-plus includes CPEO with additional multisystemic involvement including neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, migraines, hypothyroidism, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and optic neuropathy. Rarely, an SLSMDS can manifest as Leigh syndrome, which is characterized as developmental delays, neurodevelopmental regression, lactic acidosis, and bilateral symmetric basal ganglia, brain stem, and/or midbrain lesions on MRI.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87459">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_108273"><div><strong>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0574084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Costeff syndrome is characterized by optic atrophy and/or choreoathetoid movement disorder with onset before age ten years. Optic atrophy is associated with progressive decrease in visual acuity within the first years of life, sometimes associated with infantile-onset horizontal nystagmus. Most individuals have chorea, often severe enough to restrict ambulation. Some are confined to a wheelchair from an early age. Although most individuals develop spastic paraparesis, mild ataxia, and occasional mild cognitive deficit in their second decade, the course of the disease is relatively stable.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108273">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_344425"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344425</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The category of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV (MGCA4) represents a heterogeneous unclassified group of patients who share mild or intermittent urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid. MGCA excretion is a nonspecific finding observed in many other disorders caused by defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism (Gunay-Aygun, 2005).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA1 (250950)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344425">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347542"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857776</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type V (MGCA5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of dilated or noncompaction cardiomyopathy in infancy or early childhood. Many patients die of cardiac failure. Other features include microcytic anemia, growth retardation, mild ataxia, mild muscle weakness, genital anomalies in males, and increased urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Some patients may have optic atrophy or delayed psychomotor development (summary by Davey et al., 2006 and Ojala et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347542">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934617"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310650</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MGCA8 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in death in infancy. Features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, respiratory insufficiency with apneic episodes, and lack of developmental progress, often with seizures. Brain imaging is variable, but may show progressive cerebral atrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggesting a mitochondrial defect (summary by Mandel et al., 2016).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1622927"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1622927</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540171</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type IX (MGCA9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset seizures, severely delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. Patients have hypotonia or spasticity, and laboratory investigations show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggestive of a mitochondrial defect (summary by Shahrour et al., 2017).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1622927">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_108273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_344425" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347542" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1622927" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_78692" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deficiency of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_87459" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pearson syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30468550">Newborn screening for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huang Z,
Liu Y,
Huang X,
Hu Z,
Liu H,
Wang L,
Liu C,
Ren Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mass Spectrom</span>
2019 Feb;54(2):134-140.
doi: 10.1002/jms.4314.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30468550" target="_blank">30468550</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2482386">Prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria by GC-MS and enzymology on cultured amniocytes and chorionic villi.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chalmers RA,
Tracey BM,
Mistry J,
Stacey TE,
McFadyen IR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1989;12(3):286-92.
doi: 10.1007/BF01799219.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2482386" target="_blank">2482386</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2468820">Prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria via enzyme activity measurements in chorionic villi, chorionic villous fibroblasts or amniocytes using a simple spectrophotometric method.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wanders RJ,
Schutgens RB,
Zoeters BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1988;11(4):430.
doi: 10.1007/BF01800436.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2468820" target="_blank">2468820</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%223-methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31047871">Prevention by L-carnitine of DNA damage induced by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaric acids and experimental evidence of lipid and DNA damage in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Delgado CA,
Balbueno Guerreiro GB,
Diaz Jacques CE,
de Moura Coelho D,
Sitta A,
Manfredini V,
Wajner M,
Vargas CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Biochem Biophys</span>
2019 Jun 15;668:16-22.
Epub 2019 Apr 30
doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31047871" target="_blank">31047871</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25557019">Increased oxidative stress in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dos Santos Mello M,
Ribas GS,
Wayhs CA,
Hammerschmidt T,
Guerreiro GB,
Favenzani JL,
Sitta Â,
de Moura Coelho D,
Wajner M,
Vargas CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Cell Biochem</span>
2015 Apr;402(1-2):149-55.
Epub 2015 Jan 4
doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-2322-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25557019" target="_blank">25557019</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10958876">Artefacts in organic acid analysis: occurrence and origin of partially trimethylsilylated 3-hydroxy-3-methyl carboxylic acids.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jones MG,
Chalmers RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chim Acta</span>
2000 Oct;300(1-2):203-12.
doi: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00324-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10958876" target="_blank">10958876</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9439591">A nonsense mutation in the exon 2 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL) gene producing three mature mRNAs is the main cause of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria in European Mediterranean patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casale CH,
Casals N,
Pié J,
Zapater N,
Pérez-Cerdá C,
Merinero B,
Martínez-Pardo M,
García-Peñas JJ,
García-Gonzalez JM,
Lama R,
Poll-The BT,
Smeitink JA,
Wanders RJ,
Ugarte M,
Hegardt FG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Biochem Biophys</span>
1998 Jan 1;349(1):129-37.
doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0456.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9439591" target="_blank">9439591</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6085636">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Greene CL,
Cann HM,
Robinson BH,
Gibson KM,
Sweetman L,
Holm J,
Nyhan WL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurogenet</span>
1984 Apr;1(2):165-73.
doi: 10.3109/01677068409107082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6085636" target="_blank">6085636</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30468550">Newborn screening for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huang Z,
Liu Y,
Huang X,
Hu Z,
Liu H,
Wang L,
Liu C,
Ren Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mass Spectrom</span>
2019 Feb;54(2):134-140.
doi: 10.1002/jms.4314.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30468550" target="_blank">30468550</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1726424">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria: a possible pitfall in diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mills GA,
Hill MA,
Buchanan R,
Corina DL,
Walker V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chim Acta</span>
1991 Dec 31;204(1-3):131-6.
doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90224-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1726424" target="_blank">1726424</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2482386">Prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria by GC-MS and enzymology on cultured amniocytes and chorionic villi.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chalmers RA,
Tracey BM,
Mistry J,
Stacey TE,
McFadyen IR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1989;12(3):286-92.
doi: 10.1007/BF01799219.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2482386" target="_blank">2482386</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2468820">Prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria via enzyme activity measurements in chorionic villi, chorionic villous fibroblasts or amniocytes using a simple spectrophotometric method.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wanders RJ,
Schutgens RB,
Zoeters BH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1988;11(4):430.
doi: 10.1007/BF01800436.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2468820" target="_blank">2468820</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6085636">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Greene CL,
Cann HM,
Robinson BH,
Gibson KM,
Sweetman L,
Holm J,
Nyhan WL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurogenet</span>
1984 Apr;1(2):165-73.
doi: 10.3109/01677068409107082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6085636" target="_blank">6085636</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31047871">Prevention by L-carnitine of DNA damage induced by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaric acids and experimental evidence of lipid and DNA damage in patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Delgado CA,
Balbueno Guerreiro GB,
Diaz Jacques CE,
de Moura Coelho D,
Sitta A,
Manfredini V,
Wajner M,
Vargas CR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Biochem Biophys</span>
2019 Jun 15;668:16-22.
Epub 2019 Apr 30
doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31047871" target="_blank">31047871</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1726825">A case of organic aciduria--suspected 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kulczycka H,
Mielniczuk Z,
Kamińska H,
Lewanowicz W,
Pronicka E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mater Med Pol</span>
1991 Oct-Dec;23(4):312-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1726825" target="_blank">1726825</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2443756">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria: response to carnitine therapy and fat and leucine restriction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dasouki M,
Buchanan D,
Mercer N,
Gibson KM,
Thoene J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1987;10(2):142-6.
doi: 10.1007/BF01800039.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2443756" target="_blank">2443756</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2412823">Dizygotic twins with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria; unusual presentation, family studies and dietary management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stacey TE,
de Sousa C,
Tracey BM,
Whitelaw A,
Mistry J,
Timbrell P,
Chalmers RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
1985 Jul;144(2):177-81.
doi: 10.1007/BF00451909.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2412823" target="_blank">2412823</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6207380">L-Carnitine insufficiency in disorders of organic acid metabolism: response to L-carnitine by patients with methylmalonic aciduria and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chalmers RA,
Stacey TE,
Tracey BM,
de Sousa C,
Roe CR,
Millington DS,
Hoppel CL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1984;7 Suppl 2:109-10.
doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5612-4_29.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6207380" target="_blank">6207380</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23465862">Analysis of aberrant splicing and nonsense-mediated decay of the stop codon mutations c.109G&gt;T and c.504_505delCT in 7 patients with HMG-CoA lyase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Puisac B,
Teresa-Rodrigo ME,
Arnedo M,
Gil-Rodríguez MC,
Pérez-Cerdá C,
Ribes A,
Pié A,
Bueno G,
Gómez-Puertas P,
Pié J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2013 Apr;108(4):232-40.
Epub 2013 Feb 4
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.01.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23465862" target="_blank">23465862</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12746442">Structural (betaalpha)8 TIM barrel model of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casals N,
Gómez-Puertas P,
Pié J,
Mir C,
Roca R,
Puisac B,
Aledo R,
Clotet J,
Menao S,
Serra D,
Asins G,
Till J,
Elias-Jones AC,
Cresto JC,
Chamoles NA,
Abdenur JE,
Mayatepek E,
Besley G,
Valencia A,
Hegardt FG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Biol Chem</span>
2003 Aug 1;278(31):29016-23.
Epub 2003 May 13
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M304276200.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12746442" target="_blank">12746442</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9392428">A two-base deletion in exon 6 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL) gene producing the skipping of exons 5 and 6 determines 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casals N,
Pié J,
Casale CH,
Zapater N,
Ribes A,
Castro-Gago M,
Rodriguez-Segade S,
Wanders RJ,
Hegardt FG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Lipid Res</span>
1997 Nov;38(11):2303-13.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9392428" target="_blank">9392428</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9252790">Combined 3-methylglutaconic and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria with endocardial fibroelastosis and dilatative cardiomyopathy in male and female siblings with partial deficiency of complex II/III in fibroblasts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruesch S,
Krähenbühl S,
Kleinle S,
Liechti-Gallati S,
Schaffner T,
Wermuth B,
Weber J,
Wiesmann UN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Enzyme Protein</span>
1996;49(5-6):321-9.
doi: 10.1159/000468642.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9252790" target="_blank">9252790</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6085636">3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Greene CL,
Cann HM,
Robinson BH,
Gibson KM,
Sweetman L,
Holm J,
Nyhan WL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurogenet</span>
1984 Apr;1(2):165-73.
doi: 10.3109/01677068409107082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6085636" target="_blank">6085636</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30468550">Newborn screening for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huang Z,
Liu Y,
Huang X,
Hu Z,
Liu H,
Wang L,
Liu C,
Ren Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Mass Spectrom</span>
2019 Feb;54(2):134-140.
doi: 10.1002/jms.4314.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30468550" target="_blank">30468550</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17173698">Mutations underlying 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase deficiency in the Saudi population.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Al-Sayed M,
Imtiaz F,
Alsmadi OA,
Rashed MS,
Meyer BF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Med Genet</span>
2006 Dec 16;7:86.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-86.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17173698" target="_blank">17173698</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1764877" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9439591">A nonsense mutation in the exon 2 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL) gene producing three mature mRNAs is the main cause of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria in European Mediterranean patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casale CH,
Casals N,
Pié J,
Zapater N,
Pérez-Cerdá C,
Merinero B,
Martínez-Pardo M,
García-Peñas JJ,
García-Gonzalez JM,
Lama R,
Poll-The BT,
Smeitink JA,
Wanders RJ,
Ugarte M,
Hegardt FG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Biochem Biophys</span>
1998 Jan 1;349(1):129-37.
doi: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0456.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9439591" target="_blank">9439591</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9392428">A two-base deletion in exon 6 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL) gene producing the skipping of exons 5 and 6 determines 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Casals N,
Pié J,
Casale CH,
Zapater N,
Ribes A,
Castro-Gago M,
Rodriguez-Segade S,
Wanders RJ,
Hegardt FG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Lipid Res</span>
1997 Nov;38(11):2303-13.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9392428" target="_blank">9392428</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1710267">Phenotypic heterogeneity in the syndromes of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gibson KM,
Sherwood WG,
Hoffman GF,
Stumpf DA,
Dianzani I,
Schutgens RB,
Barth PG,
Weismann U,
Bachmann C,
Schrynemackers-Pitance P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr</span>
1991 Jun;118(6):885-90.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82199-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1710267" target="_blank">1710267</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaric%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
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