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<!--
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UID=41600
|
||
ConceptID=C0012569
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Diplopia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41600</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0012569</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Diplopias; Double Vision; Vision, Double</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Seeing double (24982008); Diplopia (24982008); Double vision (24982008)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000651">HP:0000651</a></td></tr>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Diplopia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1370071" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the eye">Abnormality of the eye</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868525" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal eye physiology">Abnormal eye physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871352" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of vision">Abnormality of vision</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868909" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of binocular vision">Abnormality of binocular vision</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Diplopia</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/601962" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Binocular diplopia">Binocular diplopia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/124389" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Monocular diplopia">Monocular diplopia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_4268"><div><strong>Diaphyseal dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4268</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0011989</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones and the skull, proximal muscle weakness, limb pain, a wide-based, waddling gait, and joint contractures. Facial features such as macrocephaly, frontal bossing, enlargement of the mandible, proptosis, and cranial nerve impingement resulting in facial palsy are seen in severely affected individuals later in life.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4268">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_9841"><div><strong>Azorean disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0024408</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and variable findings including pyramidal signs, a dystonic-rigid extrapyramidal syndrome, significant peripheral amyotrophy and generalized areflexia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, action-induced facial and lingual fasciculations, and bulging eyes. Neurologic findings tend to evolve as the disorder progresses.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9841">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_7764"><div><strong>Myasthenia gravis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7764</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0026896</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies bind to acetylcholine receptors or to functionally related molecules in the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies induce weakness of skeletal muscles, which is the sole disease manifestation. The weakness can be generalized or localized, is more proximal than distal, and nearly always includes eye muscles, with diplopia and ptosis. The pattern of involvement is usually symmetric, apart from the eye involvement, which is often markedly asymmetric and involves several eye muscles. The weakness typically increases with exercise and repetitive muscle use (fatigue) and varies over the course of a day and from day to day, often with nearly normal muscle strength in the morning (summary by Gilhus, 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7764">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_18014"><div><strong>Neurofibromatosis, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18014</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0027832</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas with associated symptoms of tinnitus, hearing loss, and balance dysfunction. The average age of onset is 18 to 24 years. Almost all affected individuals develop bilateral vestibular schwannomas by age 30 years. Affected individuals may also develop schwannomas of other cranial and peripheral nerves, meningiomas, ependymomas, and (very rarely) low-grade astrocytomas. Because NF2 is considered an adult-onset disease, it may be underrecognized in children, in whom skin tumors and ocular findings (retinal hamartoma, thickened optic nerves, cortical wedge cataracts, third cranial nerve palsy) may be the first manifestations. Mononeuropathy that occurs in childhood is an increasingly recognized finding; it frequently presents as a persistent facial palsy or hand/foot drop.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18014">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_102332"><div><strong>Brown syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>102332</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0155339</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Brown syndrome, originally described by Brown (1950), is characterized by the inability to elevate the adducted eye actively or passively. There is less elevation deficit with the eye in midposition, and minimal or no deficit in abduction. There can also be divergence on upgaze, downshoot, or widening of the palpebral fissure on adduction, primary hypotropia, and anomalous head posture. Brown syndrome accounts for approximately 2% of strabismus cases. Ten percent of cases are bilateral, and left- and right-sided unilateral cases are equal in frequency. There is no gender predilection (summary by Heidary et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/102332">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_104768"><div><strong>Fatal familial insomnia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104768</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0206042</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Genetic prion disease generally manifests with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. The three major phenotypes of genetic prion disease are genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Although these phenotypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset typically ranges from 50 to 60 years. The disease course ranges from a few months in gCJD and FFI to a few (up to 4, and in rare cases up to 10) years in GSS syndrome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104768">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_196689"><div><strong>Chiari type I malformation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196689</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0750929</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Arnold-Chiari type I malformation refers to a relatively mild degree of herniation of the posteroinferior region of the cerebellum (the cerebellar tonsils) into the cervical canal with little or no displacement of the fourth ventricle. It is characterized by one or both pointed (not rounded) cerebellar tonsils that project 5 mm below the foramen magnum, measured by a line drawn from the basion to the opisthion (McRae Line)</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196689">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_314039"><div><strong>Episodic ataxia type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>314039</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1720416</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Episodic ataxia is a genetically heterogeneous neurologic condition characterized by spells of incoordination and imbalance, often associated with progressive ataxia. Episodic ataxia type 2 is the most common form of EA (Jen et al., 2007). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of episodic ataxia, see EA1 (160120).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/314039">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371427"><div><strong>Dystonia 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371427</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1832855</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) is a disorder of brain energy metabolism. Glucose, the essential metabolic fuel for the brain, is transported into the brain exclusively by the protein glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) across the endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glut1DS results from the inability of Glut1 to transfer sufficient glucose across the BBB to meet the glucose demands of the brain. The needs of the brain for glucose increase rapidly after birth, peaking in early childhood, remaining high until about age 10 years, then gradually decreasing throughout adolescence and plateauing in early adulthood. When first diagnosed in infancy to early childhood, the predominant clinical findings of Glut1DS are paroxysmal eye-head movements, pharmacoresistant seizures of varying types, deceleration of head growth, and developmental delay. Subsequently children develop complex movement disorders and intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe. Institution of ketogenic diet therapies (KDTs) helps with early neurologic growth and development and seizure control. Typically, the earlier the treatment the better the long-term clinical outcome. When first diagnosed in later childhood to adulthood (occasionally in a parent following the diagnosis of an affected child), the predominant clinical findings of Glut1DS are usually complex paroxysmal movement disorders, spasticity, ataxia, dystonia, speech difficulty, and intellectual disability.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371427">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_371919"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>371919</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1834846</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes that were clinically defined before the molecular basis was known. POLG-related disorders can therefore be considered an overlapping spectrum of disease presenting from early childhood to late adulthood. The age of onset broadly correlates with the clinical phenotype. In individuals with early-onset disease (prior to age 12 years), liver involvement, feeding difficulties, seizures, hypotonia, and muscle weakness are the most common clinical features. This group has the worst prognosis. In the juvenile/adult-onset form (age 12-40 years), disease is typically characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and, in individuals with longer survival, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). This group generally has a better prognosis than the early-onset group. Late-onset disease (after age 40 years) is characterized by ptosis and PEO, with additional features such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and muscle weakness. This group overall has the best prognosis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/371919">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324446"><div><strong>Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324446</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836148</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324446">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324520"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324520</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1836474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of progressive gait difficulties, eye movement abnormalities, and dysarthria in the first or second decade of life (summary by Dy et al., 2015).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324520">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376220"><div><strong>Episodic ataxia type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376220</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847839</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A very rare form of hereditary episodic ataxia with characteristics of vestibular ataxia, vertigo, tinnitus and interictal myokymia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376220">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376222"><div><strong>Episodic ataxia type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376222</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847843</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">A very rare form of hereditary episodic ataxia with characteristics of late-onset episodic ataxia, recurrent attacks of vertigo and diplopia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376222">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336449"><div><strong>Teratoma, pineal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336449</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848902</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336449">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346965"><div><strong>Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1858680</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive epilepsy and dementia. Onset of symptoms ranges from the second to fifth decades of life. Severity is variable (summary by Molinari et al., 2003).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_355962"><div><strong>Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865322</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) falls within the category of migraine with aura. In migraine with aura (including FHM) the neurologic symptoms of aura are unequivocally localizable to the cerebral cortex or brain stem and include visual disturbance (most common), sensory loss (e.g., numbness or paresthesias of the face or an extremity), and dysphasia (difficulty with speech). FHM must include motor involvement, such as hemiparesis (weakness of an extremity). Hemiparesis occurs with at least one other symptom during FHM aura. Neurologic deficits with FHM attacks can be prolonged for hours to days and may outlast the associated migrainous headache. FHM is often earlier in onset than typical migraine, frequently beginning in the first or second decade; the frequency of attacks tends to decrease with age. Approximately 40%-50% of families with CACNA1A-FHM have cerebellar signs ranging from nystagmus to progressive, usually late-onset mild ataxia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355962">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358269"><div><strong>Multiple sclerosis, susceptibility to</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358269</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1868685</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with various degrees of axonal damage. MS affects mainly young adults with predominance for females. The disorder often leads to substantial disability (summary by Bomprezzi et al., 2003). Genetic Heterogeneity of Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis Additional MS susceptibility loci include MS2 (612594) on chromosome 10p15, MS3 (612595) on chromosome 5p13, MS4 (612596) on chromosome 1p36, and MS5 (614810), conferred by variation in the TNFRSF1A gene (191190) on chromosome 12p13.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358269">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_390739"><div><strong>Episodic ataxia type 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>390739</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2675211</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An exceedingly rare form of hereditary episodic ataxia with varying degrees of ataxia and associated findings including slurred speech, headache, confusion and hemiplegia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/390739">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_414031"><div><strong>Amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2751492</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis) is characterized by a slowly progressive peripheral sensorimotor and/or autonomic neuropathy. Amyloidosis can involve the heart, central nervous system (CNS), eyes, and kidneys. The disease usually begins in the third to fifth decade in persons from endemic foci in Portugal and Japan; onset is later in persons from other areas. Typically, sensory neuropathy starts in the lower extremities with paresthesia and hypesthesia of the feet, followed within a few years by motor neuropathy. In some persons, particularly those with early-onset disease, autonomic neuropathy is the first manifestation of the condition; findings can include orthostatic hypotension, constipation alternating with diarrhea, attacks of nausea and vomiting, delayed gastric emptying, sexual impotence, anhidrosis, and urinary retention or incontinence. Cardiac amyloidosis is mainly characterized by progressive restrictive cardiomyopathy. Individuals with leptomeningeal amyloidosis may have the following CNS findings: dementia, psychosis, visual impairment, headache, seizures, motor paresis, ataxia, myelopathy, hydrocephalus, or intracranial hemorrhage. Ocular involvement includes vitreous opacity, glaucoma, dry eye, and ocular amyloid angiopathy. Mild-to-severe kidney disease can develop.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/414031">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767519"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767519</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554605</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2 is an autosomal recessive severe neurodegenerative disorder that usually presents in childhood, but may show later onset, even in adulthood. Affected individuals have motor disability, with ataxia, apraxia, dystonia, and dysarthria, associated with necrotic lesions throughout the brain. Most patients also have cognitive impairment and axonal neuropathy and become severely disabled later in life (summary by Ghezzi et al., 2011). The disorder may present clinically as spinocerebellar ataxia or Leigh syndrome, or with psychiatric disturbances (Morino et al., 2014; Atwal, 2014; Nogueira et al., 2013). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex III deficiency, see MC3DN1 (124000).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767519">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_897191"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>897191</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225153</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes that were clinically defined before the molecular basis was known. POLG-related disorders can therefore be considered an overlapping spectrum of disease presenting from early childhood to late adulthood. The age of onset broadly correlates with the clinical phenotype. In individuals with early-onset disease (prior to age 12 years), liver involvement, feeding difficulties, seizures, hypotonia, and muscle weakness are the most common clinical features. This group has the worst prognosis. In the juvenile/adult-onset form (age 12-40 years), disease is typically characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and, in individuals with longer survival, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). This group generally has a better prognosis than the early-onset group. Late-onset disease (after age 40 years) is characterized by ptosis and PEO, with additional features such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and muscle weakness. This group overall has the best prognosis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/897191">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_902592"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>902592</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225205</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-42 (SCA42) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized predominantly by gait instability and additional cerebellar signs such as dysarthria, nystagmus, and saccadic pursuits. The age at onset and severity of the disorder is highly variable. The disorder is slowly progressive (Coutelier et al., 2015). For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/902592">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1640811"><div><strong>Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1640811</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551863</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of clinical manifestations of MAPT-related frontotemporal dementia (MAPT-FTD) has expanded from its original description of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonian manifestations to include changes in behavior, motor function, memory, and/or language. A recent retrospective study suggested that the majority of affected individuals have either behavioral changes consistent with a diagnosis of behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) or, less commonly, a parkinsonian syndrome (i.e., progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, or Parkinson disease). Fewer than 5% of people with MAPT-FTD have primary progressive aphasia or Alzheimer disease. Clinical presentation may differ between and within families with the same MAPT variant. MAPT-FTD is a progressive disorder that commonly ends with a relatively global dementia in which some affected individuals become mute. Progression of motor impairment in affected individuals results in some becoming chairbound and others bedbound. Mean disease duration is 9.3 (SD: 6.4) years but is individually variable and can be more than 30 years in some instances.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1640811">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1631838"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1631838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551995</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) disease is characterized by progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility (manifesting as early satiety, nausea, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, postprandial emesis, episodic abdominal pain and/or distention, and diarrhea); cachexia; ptosis/ophthalmoplegia or ophthalmoparesis; leukoencephalopathy; and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (manifesting as paresthesias (tingling, numbness, and pain) and symmetric and distal weakness more prominently affecting the lower extremities). The order in which manifestations appear is unpredictable. Onset is usually between the first and fifth decades; in about 60% of individuals, symptoms begin before age 20 years.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1631838">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1636349"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 47</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1636349</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4693672</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-47 (SCA47) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by slowly progressive gait ataxia. Additional features usually include diplopia, dysarthria, and dysmetria. Brain imaging shows atrophy of the cerebellar vermis. The age at onset is variable: affected members in 1 reported family developed symptoms as adults in their thirties or forties, whereas 1 unrelated girl had onset in the first decade (Gennarino et al., 2018). For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1636349">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648331"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648331</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748184</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648331">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648391"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, stress-induced, with variable ataxia and seizures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Stress-induced childhood-onset neurodegeneration with variable ataxia and seizures (CONDSIAS) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the first years of life following normal early development. Patient have cyclic episodic deterioration in response to stress, such as infection or febrile illness. The severity is highly variable: some patients develop seizures early in life that are associated with loss of developmental milestones and early sudden death in childhood, whereas others present at a later age with muscle weakness, gait ataxia, impaired speech, more subtle clinical deterioration, and cognitive decline. Neurologic involvement includes gait ataxia, cerebellar signs associated with cerebellar atrophy, generalized brain atrophy, impaired intellectual development, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy (summary by Ghosh et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648391">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779901"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779901</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543254</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy (NDAXOA) is an autosomal dominant disorder with somewhat variable manifestations. Most affected individuals present in mid-adulthood with slowly progressive cerebellar and gait ataxia, optic atrophy, and myopathy or myalgia. Some patients may have a childhood history of neurologic features, including limited extraocular movements. Additional features can include cardiomyopathy, psychiatric disturbances, and peripheral sensory impairment (summary by Taylor et al., 1996 and Courage et al., 2017).</div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779901">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809981"><div><strong>Oculopharyngodistal myopathy 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809981</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Oculopharyngodistal myopathy-4 (OPDM4) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, facial and masseter weakness, and muscle weakness of the distal limbs. Initial symptoms of the disorder, ptosis and limited eye movements, most commonly appear in the second or third decades. There is slow progression with development of dysarthria, dysphagia, and distal limb weakness and atrophy associated with absent deep tendon reflexes; sensation is normal. Serum creatine kinase is often increased, and skeletal muscle biopsy typically shows chronic myopathic changes with rimmed vacuoles and filamentous intranuclear inclusions (summary by Yu et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of OPDM, see OPDM1 (164310).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809981">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1805601"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 49</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1805601</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676950</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-49 (SCA49) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized initially by gait abnormalities, gaze-evoked nystagmus, and hyperreflexia. The age at onset is highly variable, ranging from the second to seventh decades, even within the same family. The disorder is slowly progressive, and later features may include dysarthria, dysmetria, diplopia, pyramidal signs, and axonal peripheral neuropathy. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy and myelination defects (Corral-Juan et al., 2022).</div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1805601">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824045"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 50</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774272</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-50 (SCA50) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculomotor apraxia and other eye movement abnormalities, and cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Most patients develop symptoms as adults, although childhood onset has rarely been reported. Additional more variable features may include tremor, dysarthria, dysphagia, and cognitive impairment with executive dysfunction (Coutelier et al., 2022; Schoggl et al., 2022).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824045">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824051"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 27B, late-onset</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824051</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5774278</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">GAA-FGF14-related ataxia is a mid to late adult-onset slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome with predominant gait involvement. Median age at onset is 60 years (range: 21-87 years). Nearly 50% of individuals may first experience episodic manifestations including gait and limb ataxia, visual disturbances (diplopia, oscillopsia, and blurring), vertigo and/or dizziness, or dysarthria on average two to four years before the onset of progressive ataxia. Episodic symptoms may persist after the onset of progressive ataxia and may be triggered by alcohol intake and physical activity. Although some individuals eventually require assistance with mobility, use of a wheelchair is less necessary than in other common hereditary spinocerebellar ataxias (e.g., SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3). Dysarthria does not develop in all individuals and often remains mild to moderate. Cerebellar oculomotor signs, including downbeat nystagmus, horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus, and impaired visual fixation suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex, are common. Unilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction and tremor of the upper limbs may occur. Age of onset and clinical presentation can vary within the same family.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824051">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_414031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324520" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_9841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Azorean disease</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_102332" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brown syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_196689" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chiari type I malformation</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (33)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_4268" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Diaphyseal dysplasia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371427" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dystonia 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_314039" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Episodic ataxia type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_376220" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Episodic ataxia type 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_376222" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Episodic ataxia type 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_390739" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Episodic ataxia type 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_346965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_104768" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fatal familial insomnia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_355962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767519" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1631838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358269" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple sclerosis, susceptibility to</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_7764" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myasthenia gravis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779901" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, stress-induced, with variable ataxia and seizures</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_18014" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurofibromatosis, type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809981" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oculopharyngodistal myopathy 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_371919" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_897191" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648331" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal recessive 5</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824051" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 27B, late-onset</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1636349" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 47</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1805601" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 49</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 50</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_902592" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1640811" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324446" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Supranuclear palsy, progressive, 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336449" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Teratoma, pineal</a></div></span></div></div>
|
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</div>
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||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38494283">Myasthenia gravis-Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tannemaat MR,
|
||
Huijbers MG,
|
||
Verschuuren JJGM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
|
||
2024;200:283-305.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00026-8.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38494283" target="_blank">38494283</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34297684">The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bartalena L,
|
||
Kahaly GJ,
|
||
Baldeschi L,
|
||
Dayan CM,
|
||
Eckstein A,
|
||
Marcocci C,
|
||
Marinò M,
|
||
Vaidya B,
|
||
Wiersinga WM;
|
||
EUGOGO †</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Endocrinol</span>
|
||
2021 Aug 27;185(4):G43-G67.
|
||
doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0479.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34297684" target="_blank">34297684</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32956474">Management of Diplopia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bacal D,
|
||
O'Hara M,
|
||
Wang FM,
|
||
Nelson LB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</span>
|
||
2020 Sep 1;57(5):276-280.
|
||
doi: 10.3928/01913913-20200501-01.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32956474" target="_blank">32956474</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22diplopia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (388)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33275077">Traumatic Brain Injury in Children.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Klein S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil</span>
|
||
2020 Oct-Dec;70(4):115.
|
||
doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2020.1846669.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33275077" target="_blank">33275077</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30096086">Nonsurgical treatment of diplopia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bartiss MJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2018 Sep;29(5):381-384.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000513.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30096086" target="_blank">30096086</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29193991">Diplopia after Strabismus Surgery.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma M,
|
||
Hunter DG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2018;33(1):102-107.
|
||
Epub 2017 Dec 1
|
||
doi: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1353827.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29193991" target="_blank">29193991</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12441836">Thyroid and the eye.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chavis PS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2002 Dec;13(6):352-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12441836" target="_blank">12441836</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11124671">Divergence insufficiency.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Thomas AH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J AAPOS</span>
|
||
2000 Dec;4(6):359-61.
|
||
doi: 10.1067/mpa.2000.111783.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11124671" target="_blank">11124671</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3369)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35181281">Escape from prism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brodsky MC,
|
||
Aul BJ,
|
||
Daniels DJ,
|
||
El-Dairi M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2023 May-Jun;68(3):556-561.
|
||
Epub 2022 Feb 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.02.003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35181281" target="_blank">35181281</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35718026">Occam versus Hickam.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cobbs L,
|
||
Murchison AP,
|
||
DeBusk A,
|
||
Bilyk JR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2022 Nov-Dec;67(6):1717-1722.
|
||
Epub 2022 Jun 17
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.06.001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35718026" target="_blank">35718026</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35304368">Diplopia: Diagnosis and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jain S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
|
||
2022 Mar;22(2):104-106.
|
||
doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0045.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35304368" target="_blank">35304368</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8966821" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31584541">Approach to Diplopia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Glisson CC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
|
||
2019 Oct;25(5):1362-1375.
|
||
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000786.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31584541" target="_blank">31584541</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26564922">Macular Diplopia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shippman S,
|
||
Cohen KR,
|
||
Heiser L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Orthopt J</span>
|
||
2015;65:26-30.
|
||
doi: 10.3368/aoj.65.1.26.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26564922" target="_blank">26564922</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4700)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36260324">Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine vs Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Patients With Major Depressive Episode: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rhee TG,
|
||
Shim SR,
|
||
Forester BP,
|
||
Nierenberg AA,
|
||
McIntyre RS,
|
||
Papakostas GI,
|
||
Krystal JH,
|
||
Sanacora G,
|
||
Wilkinson ST</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2022 Dec 1;79(12):1162-1172.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3352.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36260324" target="_blank">36260324</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9582972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31971679">Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Douglas RS,
|
||
Kahaly GJ,
|
||
Patel A,
|
||
Sile S,
|
||
Thompson EHZ,
|
||
Perdok R,
|
||
Fleming JC,
|
||
Fowler BT,
|
||
Marcocci C,
|
||
Marinò M,
|
||
Antonelli A,
|
||
Dailey R,
|
||
Harris GJ,
|
||
Eckstein A,
|
||
Schiffman J,
|
||
Tang R,
|
||
Nelson C,
|
||
Salvi M,
|
||
Wester S,
|
||
Sherman JW,
|
||
Vescio T,
|
||
Holt RJ,
|
||
Smith TJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2020 Jan 23;382(4):341-352.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910434.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31971679" target="_blank">31971679</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30196779">The Non-surgical Management of Ophthalmoplegia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Arnoldi K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil</span>
|
||
2018 Jan-Mar;68(1):24-27.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jan 17
|
||
doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2017.1418459.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30196779" target="_blank">30196779</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24604420">Iatrogenic diplopia [corrected].</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">González-Martín-Moro J,
|
||
González-López JJ,
|
||
Sales-Sanz M,
|
||
Sales-Sanz A,
|
||
González-Martín-Moro J,
|
||
Gómez-Sanz F,
|
||
González-Manrique M,
|
||
Pilo-de-la-Fuente B,
|
||
García-Leal R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2014 Aug;34(4):1007-24.
|
||
Epub 2014 Mar 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10792-014-9927-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24604420" target="_blank">24604420</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7624259">Lamotrigine.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Burstein AH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pharmacotherapy</span>
|
||
1995 Mar-Apr;15(2):129-43.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7624259" target="_blank">7624259</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2786)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28450307">Severe postpartum headache.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chee J,
|
||
Lau TP</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
|
||
2017 Apr 27;357:j1856.
|
||
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j1856.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28450307" target="_blank">28450307</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25695579">Cranial nerve VI palsy after dural-arachnoid puncture.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hofer JE,
|
||
Scavone BM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Anesth Analg</span>
|
||
2015 Mar;120(3):644-646.
|
||
doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000587.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25695579" target="_blank">25695579</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19089759">Intermittent esotropia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">de Decker W,
|
||
de Decker Dannheim E,
|
||
Backheuer U</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Strabismus</span>
|
||
2008;16(4):145-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19089759" target="_blank">19089759</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11141632">Update on ischemic stroke.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Egan RA,
|
||
Biousse V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2000 Dec;11(6):395-402.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00055735-200012000-00003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11141632" target="_blank">11141632</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10614913">Risk of smoking in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mann K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes</span>
|
||
1999;107 Suppl 5:S164-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1212176.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10614913" target="_blank">10614913</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2146)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36279481">Evaluation and Management of Divergence Insufficiency-Type Esotropia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Holmes JM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil</span>
|
||
2022 Oct-Dec;72(4):230-233.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36279481" target="_blank">36279481</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9608332" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35175308">Proptosis and Diplopia Response With Teprotumumab and Placebo vs the Recommended Treatment Regimen With Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease: A Meta-analysis and Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Douglas RS,
|
||
Dailey R,
|
||
Subramanian PS,
|
||
Barbesino G,
|
||
Ugradar S,
|
||
Batten R,
|
||
Qadeer RA,
|
||
Cameron C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2022 Apr 1;140(4):328-335.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.6284.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35175308" target="_blank">35175308</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8855315" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31971679">Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Douglas RS,
|
||
Kahaly GJ,
|
||
Patel A,
|
||
Sile S,
|
||
Thompson EHZ,
|
||
Perdok R,
|
||
Fleming JC,
|
||
Fowler BT,
|
||
Marcocci C,
|
||
Marinò M,
|
||
Antonelli A,
|
||
Dailey R,
|
||
Harris GJ,
|
||
Eckstein A,
|
||
Schiffman J,
|
||
Tang R,
|
||
Nelson C,
|
||
Salvi M,
|
||
Wester S,
|
||
Sherman JW,
|
||
Vescio T,
|
||
Holt RJ,
|
||
Smith TJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2020 Jan 23;382(4):341-352.
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910434.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31971679" target="_blank">31971679</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25695579">Cranial nerve VI palsy after dural-arachnoid puncture.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hofer JE,
|
||
Scavone BM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Anesth Analg</span>
|
||
2015 Mar;120(3):644-646.
|
||
doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000587.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25695579" target="_blank">25695579</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10614913">Risk of smoking in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mann K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes</span>
|
||
1999;107 Suppl 5:S164-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1212176.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10614913" target="_blank">10614913</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1575)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36260324">Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine vs Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Patients With Major Depressive Episode: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rhee TG,
|
||
Shim SR,
|
||
Forester BP,
|
||
Nierenberg AA,
|
||
McIntyre RS,
|
||
Papakostas GI,
|
||
Krystal JH,
|
||
Sanacora G,
|
||
Wilkinson ST</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA Psychiatry</span>
|
||
2022 Dec 1;79(12):1162-1172.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3352.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36260324" target="_blank">36260324</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9582972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36152935">Acupuncture for oculomotor nerve palsy:A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang X,
|
||
Cui H,
|
||
Liu Y,
|
||
Zhang L,
|
||
Du R,
|
||
Yuan H,
|
||
Achakzai R,
|
||
Zheng S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Complement Ther Med</span>
|
||
2022 Dec;71:102888.
|
||
Epub 2022 Sep 21
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102888.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36152935" target="_blank">36152935</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28295226">Lacosamide in status epilepticus: Systematic review of current evidence.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Strzelczyk A,
|
||
Zöllner JP,
|
||
Willems LM,
|
||
Jost J,
|
||
Paule E,
|
||
Schubert-Bast S,
|
||
Rosenow F,
|
||
Bauer S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
|
||
2017 Jun;58(6):933-950.
|
||
Epub 2017 Mar 11
|
||
doi: 10.1111/epi.13716.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28295226" target="_blank">28295226</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28034818">Clival Metastasis of a Duodenal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dekker SE,
|
||
Wasman J,
|
||
Yoo KK,
|
||
Alonso F,
|
||
Tarr RW,
|
||
Bambakidis NC,
|
||
Rodriguez K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
|
||
2017 Apr;100:62-68.
|
||
Epub 2016 Dec 27
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.078.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28034818" target="_blank">28034818</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26768073">Ophthalmologic complications after administration of local anesthesia in dentistry: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alamanos C,
|
||
Raab P,
|
||
Gamulescu A,
|
||
Behr M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol</span>
|
||
2016 Mar;121(3):e39-50.
|
||
Epub 2015 Nov 10
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.10.023.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26768073" target="_blank">26768073</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diplopia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (141)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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