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<meta name="keywords" content="C2752007, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1o, carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type io, cdg io, cdg syndrome type io, cdg-io, cdg1(dpm3), cdg1o, cdgio, congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1o, congenital disorder of glycosylation type io, congenital disorder of glycosylation, type io, dg1o, disease or syndrome, dpm3, dpm3-cdg, dpm3-cdg (cdg-io), dpm3-cdg - dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase 3 congenital disorder of glycosylation, dpm3-congenital disorder of glycosylation, mddgc15, muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (limb-girdle), type c, 15, muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, limb-girdle, dpm3-related, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type C15 (MDDGC15) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness, manifest initially as unsteady gait, but later including more distal muscles, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The age at onset varies widely from the first decade to adulthood; those with earlier onset may have delayed motor development. Laboratory studies show increased serum creatine kinase and muscle biopsy shows dystrophic features with decreased alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1; 128239). Biochemical studies often show evidence of abnormal N-glycosylation of serum proteins, consistent with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) (summary by Svahn et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy- dystroglycanopathy type C, see MDDGC1 (609308).&#13; For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation (Concept Id: C2752007)
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<!--
UID=414534
ConceptID=C2752007
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation<span class="h1sub">(MDDGC15)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>414534</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2752007</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>CDG Io; CDG1(DPM3); Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1O; DPM3-CDG; MDDGC15; MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY (LIMB-GIRDLE), TYPE C, 15</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1o (725044000); Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1o (725044000); DPM3-CDG - dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase 3 congenital disorder of glycosylation (725044000)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="DPM3 - ID: 54344 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/54344" class="medgenPMinfo">DPM3</a> (1q22)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0013049" target="_blank">MONDO:0013049</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/612937" target="_blank">612937</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=263494">ORPHA263494</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type C15 (MDDGC15) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness, manifest initially as unsteady gait, but later including more distal muscles, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The age at onset varies widely from the first decade to adulthood; those with earlier onset may have delayed motor development. Laboratory studies show increased serum creatine kinase and muscle biopsy shows dystrophic features with decreased alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1; 128239). Biochemical studies often show evidence of abnormal N-glycosylation of serum proteins, consistent with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) (summary by Svahn et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of muscular dystrophy- dystroglycanopathy type C, see MDDGC1 (609308).&#13; For a discussion of the classification of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_151940"><div><strong>Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>151940</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0686353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a term for a group of diseases that cause weakness and wasting of the muscles in the arms and legs. The muscles most affected are those closest to the body (proximal muscles), specifically the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, pelvic area, and thighs.\n\nThe severity, age of onset, and features of limb-girdle muscle dystrophy vary among the many subtypes of this condition and may be inconsistent even within the same family. Signs and symptoms may first appear at any age and generally worsen with time, although in some cases they remain mild.\n\nIn the early stages of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, affected individuals may have an unusual walking gait, such as waddling or walking on the balls of their feet, and may also have difficulty running. They may need to use their arms to press themselves up from a squatting position because of their weak thigh muscles. As the condition progresses, people with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy may eventually require wheelchair assistance.\n\nMuscle wasting may cause changes in posture or in the appearance of the shoulder, back, and arm. In particular, weak shoulder muscles tend to make the shoulder blades (scapulae) "stick out" from the back, a sign known as scapular winging. Affected individuals may also have an abnormally curved lower back (lordosis) or a spine that curves to the side (scoliosis). Some develop joint stiffness (contractures) that can restrict movement in their hips, knees, ankles, or elbows. Overgrowth (hypertrophy) of the calf muscles occurs in some people with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.\n\nWeakening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) occurs in some forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Some affected individuals experience mild to severe breathing problems related to the weakness of muscles needed for breathing. In some cases, the breathing problems are severe enough that affected individuals need to use a machine to help them breathe (mechanical ventilation).\n\nIntelligence is generally unaffected in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy; however, developmental delay and intellectual disability have been reported in rare forms of the disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/151940">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Limb-girdle%20muscular%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20151940%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2880"><div><strong>Primary dilated cardiomyopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2880</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007193</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a genetic form of heart disease. It occurs when heart (cardiac) muscle becomes thin and weakened in at least one chamber of the heart, causing the open area of the chamber to become enlarged (dilated). As a result, the heart is unable to pump blood as efficiently as usual. To compensate, the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart, leading to further thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle. Over time, this condition results in heart failure.\n\nIt usually takes many years for symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy to cause health problems. They typically begin in mid-adulthood, but can occur at any time from infancy to late adulthood. Signs and symptoms of familial dilated cardiomyopathy can include an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), shortness of breath (dyspnea), extreme tiredness (fatigue), fainting episodes (syncope), and swelling of the legs and feet. In some cases, the first sign of the disorder is sudden cardiac death. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals, even in members of the same family.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2880">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Primary%20dilated%20cardiomyopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202880%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68544"><div><strong>Unsteady gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68544</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231686</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68544">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Unsteady%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068544%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66667"><div><strong>Waddling gait</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66667</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0231712</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66667">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Waddling%20gait%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066667%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10135"><div><strong>Myopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10135</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026848</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10135">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010135%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57735"><div><strong>Muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151786</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced strength of muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57735">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057735%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113169"><div><strong>Proximal muscle weakness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113169</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221629</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A lack of strength of the proximal muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113169">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Proximal%20muscle%20weakness%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113169%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65865"><div><strong>Gowers sign</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65865</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234182</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A phenomenon whereby patients are not able to stand up without the use of the hands owing to weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65865">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Gowers%20sign%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065865%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336019"><div><strong>Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1843700</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormally high degree of muscle fiber size variation. This phenotypic feature can be observed upon muscle biopsy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336019">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Increased%20variability%20in%20muscle%20fiber%20diameter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336019%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340089"><div><strong>Rimmed vacuoles</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340089</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853932</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Presence of abnormal vacuoles (membrane-bound organelles) in the sarcolemma. On histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, rimmed vacuoles are popcorn-like clear vacuoles with a densely blue rim. The vacuoles are often associated with cytoplasmic and occasionally intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340089">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rimmed%20vacuoles%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340089%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116013"><div><strong>Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235996</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116013">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20hepatic%20transaminase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116013%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_69128"><div><strong>Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>69128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241005</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/69128">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Elevated%20circulating%20creatine%20kinase%20concentration%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2069128%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324900"><div><strong>Type I transferrin isoform profile</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324900</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837899</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal transferrin isoform profile consistent with a type I congenital disorder of glycosylation. In the traditional nomenclature for congenital disorders of glycosylation, absence of entire glycans was designated type I, and loss of one or more monosaccharides as type II.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324900">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Type%20I%20transferrin%20isoform%20profile%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324900%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_151940" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_69128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324900" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Type I transferrin isoform profile</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2880" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary dilated cardiomyopathy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65865" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gowers sign</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10135" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113169" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Proximal muscle weakness</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340089" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rimmed vacuoles</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68544" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Unsteady gait</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66667" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Waddling gait</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0282577[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=76469" ref="ncbi_uid=76469">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/76469" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=76469&amp;link_uid=76469" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of glycosylation'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931005[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419308" target="_blank" href="/omim/605907">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419308" ref="ncbi_uid=419308">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419308" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419308&amp;link_uid=419308" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150913[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462263" target="_blank" href="/omim/613661">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462263" ref="ncbi_uid=462263">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462263" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462263&amp;link_uid=462263" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG11-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931001[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443954" target="_blank" href="/omim/607143">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443954" ref="ncbi_uid=443954">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443954" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443954&amp;link_uid=443954" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG12-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG12-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1842836[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=334618" target="_blank" href="/omim/607905">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=334618" ref="ncbi_uid=334618">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/334618" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=334618&amp;link_uid=334618" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1832736[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322026" target="_blank" href="/omim/601110">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=322026" ref="ncbi_uid=322026">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322026" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322026&amp;link_uid=322026" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG3-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2930997[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443952" target="_blank" href="/omim/603147">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443952" ref="ncbi_uid=443952">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443952" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443952&amp;link_uid=443952" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation 1C'">ALG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation 1C</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931002[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419692" target="_blank" href="/omim/608103">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419692" ref="ncbi_uid=419692">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419692" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419692&amp;link_uid=419692" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG8 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG8 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931006[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443955" target="_blank" href="/omim/606941">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443955" ref="ncbi_uid=443955">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443955" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443955&amp;link_uid=443955" title="View MedGen record for 'ALG9 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">ALG9 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931009[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419310" target="_blank" href="/omim/137060">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419310" ref="ncbi_uid=419310">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419310" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419310&amp;link_uid=419310" title="View MedGen record for 'B4GALT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">B4GALT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931011[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443957" target="_blank" href="/omim/606973">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443957" ref="ncbi_uid=443957">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443957" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443957&amp;link_uid=443957" title="View MedGen record for 'COG1 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG1 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4303552[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=929221" target="_blank" href="/omim/606976">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=929221" ref="ncbi_uid=929221">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/929221" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=929221&amp;link_uid=929221" title="View MedGen record for 'COG4-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG4-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150876[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462226" target="_blank" href="/omim/606821">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462226" ref="ncbi_uid=462226">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462226" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462226&amp;link_uid=462226" title="View MedGen record for 'COG5-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG5-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3553230[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=766144">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=766144" target="_blank" href="/omim/606977">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=766144" ref="ncbi_uid=766144">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/766144" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=766144&amp;link_uid=766144" title="View MedGen record for 'COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931010[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419311" target="_blank" href="/omim/606978">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419311" ref="ncbi_uid=419311">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419311" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419311&amp;link_uid=419311" title="View MedGen record for 'COG7 congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG7 congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970021[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=409971" target="_blank" href="/omim/606979">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=409971" ref="ncbi_uid=409971">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/409971" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=409971&amp;link_uid=409971" title="View MedGen record for 'COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">COG8-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3808991[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815321" target="_blank" href="/omim/610661">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK481554/" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=815321" ref="ncbi_uid=815321">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815321" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=815321&amp;link_uid=815321" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN306977[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK481554/" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=989503" ref="ncbi_uid=989503">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/989503" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=989503&amp;link_uid=989503" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1809253" target="_blank" href="/omim/154580">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1809253" ref="ncbi_uid=1809253">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1809253" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1809253&amp;link_uid=1809253" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 2</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1837396[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=324784">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=324784" target="_blank" href="/omim/603503">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=324784" ref="ncbi_uid=324784">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/324784" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=324784&amp;link_uid=324784" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E'">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5190603[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1682844" target="_blank" href="/omim/603564">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1682844" ref="ncbi_uid=1682844">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1682844" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1682844&amp;link_uid=1682844" title="View MedGen record for 'Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy'">Congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability and severe epilepsy</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4317295[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1382656">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1382656" target="_blank" href="/omim/300776">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1382656" ref="ncbi_uid=1382656">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1382656" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1382656&amp;link_uid=1382656" title="View MedGen record for 'Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 36'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 36</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1835849[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=332072" target="_blank" href="/omim/610746">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=332072" ref="ncbi_uid=332072">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/332072" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=332072&amp;link_uid=332072" title="View MedGen record for 'DK1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">DK1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931004[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=419694" target="_blank" href="/omim/191350">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=419694" ref="ncbi_uid=419694">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419694" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=419694&amp;link_uid=419694" title="View MedGen record for 'DPAGT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">DPAGT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752007[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414534" target="_blank" href="/omim/605951">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="ncbi_uid=414534">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0398739[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=96022" target="_blank" href="/omim/266265">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=96022" ref="ncbi_uid=96022">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96022" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=96022&amp;link_uid=96022" title="View MedGen record for 'Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II'">Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2931008[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=443956" target="_blank" href="/omim/212066">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=443956" ref="ncbi_uid=443956">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/443956" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=443956&amp;link_uid=443956" title="View MedGen record for 'MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MGAT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853736[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=342954" target="_blank" href="/omim/601336">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=342954" ref="ncbi_uid=342954">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342954" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=342954&amp;link_uid=342954" title="View MedGen record for 'MOGS-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MOGS-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1836669[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322968">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322968" target="_blank" href="/omim/604041">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=322968" ref="ncbi_uid=322968">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322968" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322968&amp;link_uid=322968" title="View MedGen record for 'MPDU1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MPDU1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1865145[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=400692" target="_blank" href="/omim/154550">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=400692" ref="ncbi_uid=400692">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/400692" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=400692&amp;link_uid=400692" title="View MedGen record for 'MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">MPI-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2752015[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=414536" target="_blank" href="/omim/171900">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414536" ref="ncbi_uid=414536">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/414536" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=414536&amp;link_uid=414536" title="View MedGen record for 'PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">PGM1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0349653[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=138111" target="_blank" href="/omim/212065">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1110%20OR%20NBK1332)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=138111" ref="ncbi_uid=138111">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/138111" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=138111&amp;link_uid=138111" title="View MedGen record for 'PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2677590[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=383145" target="_blank" href="/omim/611908">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=383145" ref="ncbi_uid=383145">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/383145" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=383145&amp;link_uid=383145" title="View MedGen record for 'RFT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">RFT1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1970344[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370234" target="_blank" href="/omim/603585">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370234" ref="ncbi_uid=370234">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370234" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370234&amp;link_uid=370234" title="View MedGen record for 'SLC35A1-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">SLC35A1-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4317224[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1392124" target="_blank" href="/omim/611715">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1332/" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1392124" ref="ncbi_uid=1392124">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1392124" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1392124&amp;link_uid=1392124" title="View MedGen record for 'SRD5A3-congenital disorder of glycosylation'">SRD5A3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/311052" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/317955" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category">Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44376" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic disease">Metabolic disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/472889" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Carbohydrate metabolism disease">Carbohydrate metabolism disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/76469" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital disorder of glycosylation">Congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=20063&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">DPM3-congenital disorder of glycosylation</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34831240">Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mueller AL,
Payandeh Z,
Mohammadkhani N,
Mubarak SMH,
Zakeri A,
Alagheband Bahrami A,
Brockmueller A,
Shakibaei M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cells</span>
2021 Nov 4;10(11)
doi: 10.3390/cells10113017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34831240" target="_blank">34831240</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8616543" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33040057">Efficacy of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dashti HM,
Mathew TC,
Al-Zaid NS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Princ Pract</span>
2021;30(3):223-235.
Epub 2020 Oct 9
doi: 10.1159/000512142.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33040057" target="_blank">33040057</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8280429" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25792100">Congenital myasthenic syndromes: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Engel AG,
Shen XM,
Selcen D,
Sine SM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Neurol</span>
2015 Apr;14(4):420-34.
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70201-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25792100" target="_blank">25792100</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4520251" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(dpm3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (523)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39098853">Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">He M,
Zhou X,
Wang X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Signal Transduct Target Ther</span>
2024 Aug 5;9(1):194.
doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01886-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39098853" target="_blank">39098853</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11298558" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37644541">Congenital disorders of glycosylation: narration of a story through its patents.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Monticelli M,
D'Onofrio T,
Jaeken J,
Morava E,
Andreotti G,
Cubellis MV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2023 Aug 29;18(1):247.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02852-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37644541" target="_blank">37644541</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10466741" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32827580">Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo G,
Jin K,
Deng S,
Cheng H,
Fan Z,
Gong Y,
Qian Y,
Huang Q,
Ni Q,
Liu C,
Yu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer</span>
2021 Apr;1875(2):188409.
Epub 2020 Aug 19
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32827580" target="_blank">32827580</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32781578">Platelets and Defective N-Glycosylation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mammadova-Bach E,
Jaeken J,
Gudermann T,
Braun A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2020 Aug 6;21(16)
doi: 10.3390/ijms21165630.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32781578" target="_blank">32781578</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7460655" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30740725">International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Altassan R,
Péanne R,
Jaeken J,
Barone R,
Bidet M,
Borgel D,
Brasil S,
Cassiman D,
Cechova A,
Coman D,
Corral J,
Correia J,
de la Morena-Barrio ME,
de Lonlay P,
Dos Reis V,
Ferreira CR,
Fiumara A,
Francisco R,
Freeze H,
Funke S,
Gardeitchik T,
Gert M,
Girad M,
Giros M,
Grünewald S,
Hernández-Caselles T,
Honzik T,
Hutter M,
Krasnewich D,
Lam C,
Lee J,
Lefeber D,
Marques-de-Silva D,
Martinez AF,
Moravej H,
Õunap K,
Pascoal C,
Pascreau T,
Patterson M,
Quelhas D,
Raymond K,
Sarkhail P,
Schiff M,
Seroczyńska M,
Serrano M,
Seta N,
Sykut-Cegielska J,
Thiel C,
Tort F,
Vals MA,
Videira P,
Witters P,
Zeevaert R,
Morava E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2019 Jan;42(1):5-28.
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30740725" target="_blank">30740725</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5039)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39098853">Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">He M,
Zhou X,
Wang X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Signal Transduct Target Ther</span>
2024 Aug 5;9(1):194.
doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01886-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39098853" target="_blank">39098853</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11298558" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38037438">Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation in a Child with Macrosomia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Madan-Khetarpal S,
He M,
Wongkittichote P,
Dobrowolski SF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Chem</span>
2023 Dec 1;69(12):1432-1434.
doi: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad166.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38037438" target="_blank">38037438</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36184332">MUC1: An emerging target in cancer treatment and diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Qing L,
Li Q,
Dong Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Bull Cancer</span>
2022 Nov;109(11):1202-1216.
Epub 2022 Sep 30
doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36184332" target="_blank">36184332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32827580">Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo G,
Jin K,
Deng S,
Cheng H,
Fan Z,
Gong Y,
Qian Y,
Huang Q,
Ni Q,
Liu C,
Yu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer</span>
2021 Apr;1875(2):188409.
Epub 2020 Aug 19
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32827580" target="_blank">32827580</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25621663">Protein glycosylation in cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stowell SR,
Ju T,
Cummings RD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Annu Rev Pathol</span>
2015;10:473-510.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040438.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25621663" target="_blank">25621663</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4396820" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3961)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36364850">Research Advances on the Damage Mechanism of Skin Glycation and Related Inhibitors.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zheng W,
Li H,
Go Y,
Chan XHF,
Huang Q,
Wu J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2022 Nov 1;14(21)
doi: 10.3390/nu14214588.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36364850" target="_blank">36364850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9655929" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34956436">The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guo J,
Chen H,
Zhang X,
Lou W,
Zhang P,
Qiu Y,
Zhang C,
Wang Y,
Liu WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Oxid Med Cell Longev</span>
2021;2021:2074610.
Epub 2021 Dec 15
doi: 10.1155/2021/2074610.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34956436" target="_blank">34956436</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8696197" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31287993">Glycosylation in the Era of Cancer-Targeted Therapy: Where Are We Heading?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mereiter S,
Balmaña M,
Campos D,
Gomes J,
Reis CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cancer Cell</span>
2019 Jul 8;36(1):6-16.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31287993" target="_blank">31287993</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29733746">The "less-is-more" in therapeutic antibodies: Afucosylated anti-cancer antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pereira NA,
Chan KF,
Lin PC,
Song Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">MAbs</span>
2018 Jul;10(5):693-711.
doi: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1466767.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29733746" target="_blank">29733746</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6150623" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25561275">Intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology--mode of action and clinical efficacy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lünemann JD,
Nimmerjahn F,
Dalakas MC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Neurol</span>
2015 Feb;11(2):80-9.
Epub 2015 Jan 6
doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.253.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25561275" target="_blank">25561275</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2399)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36322632">Targeting cancer glycosylation repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages allowing effective immune checkpoint blockade.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stanczak MA,
Rodrigues Mantuano N,
Kirchhammer N,
Sanin DE,
Jacob F,
Coelho R,
Everest-Dass AV,
Wang J,
Trefny MP,
Monaco G,
Bärenwaldt A,
Gray MA,
Petrone A,
Kashyap AS,
Glatz K,
Kasenda B,
Normington K,
Broderick J,
Peng L,
Pearce OMT,
Pearce EL,
Bertozzi CR,
Zippelius A,
Läubli H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Transl Med</span>
2022 Nov 2;14(669):eabj1270.
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1270.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36322632" target="_blank">36322632</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9812757" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36184332">MUC1: An emerging target in cancer treatment and diagnosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Qing L,
Li Q,
Dong Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Bull Cancer</span>
2022 Nov;109(11):1202-1216.
Epub 2022 Sep 30
doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.08.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36184332" target="_blank">36184332</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34831240">Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mueller AL,
Payandeh Z,
Mohammadkhani N,
Mubarak SMH,
Zakeri A,
Alagheband Bahrami A,
Brockmueller A,
Shakibaei M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cells</span>
2021 Nov 4;10(11)
doi: 10.3390/cells10113017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34831240" target="_blank">34831240</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8616543" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32827580">Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo G,
Jin K,
Deng S,
Cheng H,
Fan Z,
Gong Y,
Qian Y,
Huang Q,
Ni Q,
Liu C,
Yu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer</span>
2021 Apr;1875(2):188409.
Epub 2020 Aug 19
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32827580" target="_blank">32827580</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30740725">International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Altassan R,
Péanne R,
Jaeken J,
Barone R,
Bidet M,
Borgel D,
Brasil S,
Cassiman D,
Cechova A,
Coman D,
Corral J,
Correia J,
de la Morena-Barrio ME,
de Lonlay P,
Dos Reis V,
Ferreira CR,
Fiumara A,
Francisco R,
Freeze H,
Funke S,
Gardeitchik T,
Gert M,
Girad M,
Giros M,
Grünewald S,
Hernández-Caselles T,
Honzik T,
Hutter M,
Krasnewich D,
Lam C,
Lee J,
Lefeber D,
Marques-de-Silva D,
Martinez AF,
Moravej H,
Õunap K,
Pascoal C,
Pascreau T,
Patterson M,
Quelhas D,
Raymond K,
Sarkhail P,
Schiff M,
Seroczyńska M,
Serrano M,
Seta N,
Sykut-Cegielska J,
Thiel C,
Tort F,
Vals MA,
Videira P,
Witters P,
Zeevaert R,
Morava E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2019 Jan;42(1):5-28.
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30740725" target="_blank">30740725</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2696)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38348651">N-Glycosylation Profiles of Immunoglobulin G and Future Cardiovascular Events.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoshi RA,
Plavša B,
Liu Y,
Trbojević-Akmačić I,
Glynn RJ,
Ridker PM,
Cummings RD,
Gudelj I,
Lauc G,
Demler OV,
Mora S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circ Res</span>
2024 Mar;134(5):e3-e14.
Epub 2024 Feb 13
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.323623.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38348651" target="_blank">38348651</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10923145" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37086590">Congenital disorders of glycosylation and infantile epilepsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee HF,
Chi CS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsy Behav</span>
2023 May;142:109214.
Epub 2023 Apr 21
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109214.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37086590" target="_blank">37086590</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35833138">N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Radovani B,
Gudelj I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Front Immunol</span>
2022;13:893365.
Epub 2022 Jun 27
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893365.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35833138" target="_blank">35833138</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9272703" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34495542">Glycosylation and Cardiovascular Diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dashti H,
Pabon Porras MA,
Mora S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Exp Med Biol</span>
2021;1325:307-319.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_15.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34495542" target="_blank">34495542</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32827580">Roles of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer: Biomarker, predictor and promoter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Luo G,
Jin K,
Deng S,
Cheng H,
Fan Z,
Gong Y,
Qian Y,
Huang Q,
Ni Q,
Liu C,
Yu X</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer</span>
2021 Apr;1875(2):188409.
Epub 2020 Aug 19
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32827580" target="_blank">32827580</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4050)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37239976">Metabolic Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Defects in Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Conte F,
Sam JE,
Lefeber DJ,
Passier R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2023 May 11;24(10)
doi: 10.3390/ijms24108632.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37239976" target="_blank">37239976</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10218694" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35420698">Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Simpson TC,
Clarkson JE,
Worthington HV,
MacDonald L,
Weldon JC,
Needleman I,
Iheozor-Ejiofor Z,
Wild SH,
Qureshi A,
Walker A,
Patel VA,
Boyers D,
Twigg J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2022 Apr 14;4(4):CD004714.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004714.pub4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35420698" target="_blank">35420698</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9009294" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34956436">The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guo J,
Chen H,
Zhang X,
Lou W,
Zhang P,
Qiu Y,
Zhang C,
Wang Y,
Liu WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Oxid Med Cell Longev</span>
2021;2021:2074610.
Epub 2021 Dec 15
doi: 10.1155/2021/2074610.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34956436" target="_blank">34956436</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8696197" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32470201">Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peer N,
Balakrishna Y,
Durao S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
2020 May 29;5(5):CD005266.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005266.pub2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32470201" target="_blank">32470201</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7259754" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30740725">International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Altassan R,
Péanne R,
Jaeken J,
Barone R,
Bidet M,
Borgel D,
Brasil S,
Cassiman D,
Cechova A,
Coman D,
Corral J,
Correia J,
de la Morena-Barrio ME,
de Lonlay P,
Dos Reis V,
Ferreira CR,
Fiumara A,
Francisco R,
Freeze H,
Funke S,
Gardeitchik T,
Gert M,
Girad M,
Giros M,
Grünewald S,
Hernández-Caselles T,
Honzik T,
Hutter M,
Krasnewich D,
Lam C,
Lee J,
Lefeber D,
Marques-de-Silva D,
Martinez AF,
Moravej H,
Õunap K,
Pascoal C,
Pascreau T,
Patterson M,
Quelhas D,
Raymond K,
Sarkhail P,
Schiff M,
Seroczyńska M,
Serrano M,
Seta N,
Sykut-Cegielska J,
Thiel C,
Tort F,
Vals MA,
Videira P,
Witters P,
Zeevaert R,
Morava E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2019 Jan;42(1):5-28.
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12024.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30740725" target="_blank">30740725</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (161)</a></div></div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (25)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (29)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (36)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=612937" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=263494" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(dpm3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=605951" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=54344[geneid]" target="_blank">View DPM3 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/257743455" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=612937" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/CONGENITAL+DISORDER+OF+GLYCOSYLATION%2C+TYPE+Io/8062" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/muscular_dystrophy_dystroglycanopathy_type_c_15" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/12395/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
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<a href="/pubmed/20301507" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=DPM3-congenital%20disorder%20of%20glycosylation%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=3&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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<h3>Related information</h3>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C2752007[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books?LinkName=medgen_books&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">NCBI Bookshelf</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Bookshelf</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related records in OMIM</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/omim?LinkName=medgen_omim_gene&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM(Genes)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_bookshelf_cited&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (Bookshelf cited)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed based on citations in GeneReviews and Medical Genetics Summaries</div>
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<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed_genereviews&amp;from_uid=414534" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed (GeneReviews)</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">GeneReviews in PubMed</div>
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