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<meta name="keywords" content="C0010043, cornea ulcer disease, corneal ulcer, corneal ulceration, corneal ulcerations, corneal ulcers, disease or syndrome, finding, keratitides, ulcerative, keratitis, ulcerative, ulcer disease of cornea, ulcer, corneal, ulcerative keratitides, ulcerative keratitis, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Disruption of the epithelial layer of the cornea with involvement of the underlying stroma." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=40486
ConceptID=C0010043
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Corneal ulceration</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40486</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010043</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Corneal ulcer</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Corneal ulcer (91514001)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012804">HP:0012804</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0004577" target="_blank">MONDO:0004577</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Disruption of the epithelial layer of the cornea with involvement of the underlying stroma. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Corneal ulceration</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1370071" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the eye">Abnormality of the eye</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868526" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal eye morphology">Abnormal eye morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870894" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal anterior eye segment morphology">Abnormal anterior eye segment morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/383737" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cornea morphology">Abnormal cornea morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868915" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal corneal epithelium morphology">Abnormal corneal epithelium morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Corneal ulceration</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866566" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Herpetiform corneal ulceration">Herpetiform corneal ulceration</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_41678"><div><strong>Familial dysautonomia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0013364</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial dysautonomia, which affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons, is a debilitating disorder present from birth. Neuronal degeneration progresses throughout life. Affected individuals have gastrointestinal dysfunction, autonomic crises (i.e., hypertensive vomiting attacks), recurrent pneumonia, altered pain sensitivity, altered temperature perception, and blood pressure instability. Hypotonia contributes to delay in acquisition of motor milestones. Optic neuropathy results in progressive vision loss. Older individuals often have a broad-based and ataxic gait that deteriorates over time. Developmental delay / intellectual disability occur in about 21% of individuals. Life expectancy is decreased.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41678">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_6915"><div><strong>Hereditary insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6915</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020074</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">NTRK1 congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (NTRK1-CIPA) is characterized by insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis (the inability to sweat), and intellectual disability. The ability to sense all pain (including visceral pain) is absent, resulting in repeated injuries including: oral self-mutilation (biting of tongue, lips, and buccal mucosa); biting of fingertips; bruising, scarring, and infection of the skin; multiple bone fractures (many of which fail to heal properly); and recurrent joint dislocations resulting in joint deformity. Sense of touch, vibration, and position are normal. Anhidrosis predisposes to recurrent febrile episodes that are often the initial manifestation of NTRK1-CIPA. Hypothermia in cold environments also occurs. Intellectual disability of varying degree is observed in most affected individuals; hyperactivity and emotional lability are common.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6915">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120536"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120536</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265336</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare ectodermal dysplasia characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, photophobia and corneal vascularization, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, erythrokeratoderma, follicular hyperkeratosis, and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. A subset of patients with KID may develop multiple cystic pilar tumors, which are prone to malignant transformation and metastasis (Nyquist et al., 2007).&#13; Vohwinkel syndrome (124500) is an allelic disorder involving congenital deafness with keratopachydermia and constrictions of fingers and toes. Another similar disorder caused by mutation in GJB2 is palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness (148350).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome&#13; An autosomal recessive form of KID syndrome (KIDAR; 242150) is caused by mutation in the AP1B1 gene (600157) on chromosome 22q12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120536">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75566"><div><strong>Distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265345</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (referred to as LDS in this GeneReview) is characterized by lower-limb lymphedema, and distichiasis (aberrant eyelashes ranging from a full set of extra eyelashes to a single hair). Lymphedema typically appears in late childhood or puberty, is confined to the lower limbs with or without involvement of the external genitalia, and is often asymmetric; severity varies within families. Males develop edema at an earlier age and have more problems with cellulitis than females. Distichiasis, which may be present at birth, is observed in 94% of affected individuals. About 75% of affected individuals have ocular findings including corneal irritation, recurrent conjunctivitis, and photophobia; other common findings include varicose veins and ptosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75566">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_332131"><div><strong>Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332131</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836123</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by impaired intellectual development, microcephaly, and dysmorphic facial features. Most patients also have Hirschsprung disease and/or gyral abnormalities of the brain, consistent with defects in migration of neural crest cells and neurons. Other features, such as megalocornea or urogenital anomalies, may also be present. Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome has some resemblance to Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MOWS; 235730) but is genetically distinct (summary by Drevillon et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332131">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337894"><div><strong>Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337894</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-1 (BPS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple popliteal pterygia, ankyloblepharon, filiform bands between the jaws, cleft lip and palate, and syndactyly. Early lethality is common, although survival into childhood and beyond has been reported (summary by Mitchell et al., 2012).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartsocas-Papas Syndrome&#13; Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-2 (BPS2) is caused by mutation in the CHUK gene (600664).&#13; A less severe form of popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS; 119500) is caused by mutation in the IRF6 gene (607199).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337894">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338045"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 6 (hepatocerebral type)</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338045</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850406</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MPV17-related mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance defect presents in the vast majority of affected individuals as an early-onset encephalohepatopathic (hepatocerebral) disease that is typically associated with mtDNA depletion, particularly in the liver. A later-onset neuromyopathic disease characterized by myopathy and neuropathy, and associated with multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle, has also rarely been described. MPV17-related mtDNA maintenance defect, encephalohepatopathic form is characterized by: Hepatic manifestations (liver dysfunction that typically progresses to liver failure, cholestasis, hepatomegaly, and steatosis); Neurologic involvement (developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, and motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy); Gastrointestinal manifestations (gastrointestinal dysmotility, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive); and Metabolic derangements (lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia). Less frequent manifestations include renal tubulopathy, nephrocalcinosis, and hypoparathyroidism. Progressive liver disease often leads to death in infancy or early childhood. Hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338045">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_894363"><div><strong>Congenital insensitivity to pain-hypohidrosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>894363</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225308</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII (HSAN8) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by congenital insensitivity to pain resulting in ulceration to the fingers, tongue, lips, and other distal appendages. Affected individuals may also have decreased sweating and tear production (summary by Chen et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, see HSAN1A (162400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/894363">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_989503"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN306977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with NGLY1-related congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG) typically display a clinical tetrad of developmental delay / intellectual disability in the mild to profound range, hypo- or alacrima, elevated liver transaminases that may spontaneously resolve in childhood, and a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder that can include choreiform, athetoid, dystonic, myoclonic, action tremor, and dysmetric movements. About half of affected individuals will develop clinical seizures. Other findings may include obstructive and/or central sleep apnea, oral motor defects that affect feeding ability, auditory neuropathy, constipation, scoliosis, and peripheral neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989503">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120536" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant keratitis-ichthyosis-hearing loss syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337894" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_989503" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_894363" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital insensitivity to pain-hypohidrosis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (9)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_41678" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial dysautonomia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_332131" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_6915" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338045" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 6 (hepatocerebral type)</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34865213">Are serious ophthalmic adverse events on dupilumab treatment for atopic dermatitis dose related?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mastorino L,
Ortoncelli M,
Avallone G,
Quaglino P,
Ribero S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dermatol</span>
2022 Oct;61(10):e370-e372.
Epub 2021 Dec 5
doi: 10.1111/ijd.16022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34865213" target="_blank">34865213</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31334396">Update on surgical management of corneal ulceration and perforation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stamate AC,
Tătaru CP,
Zemba M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rom J Ophthalmol</span>
2019 Apr-Jun;63(2):166-173.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31334396" target="_blank">31334396</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6626930" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29886125">Update on the ophthalmic management of facial paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">MacIntosh PW,
Fay AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2019 Jan-Feb;64(1):79-89.
Epub 2018 Jun 8
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.06.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29886125" target="_blank">29886125</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22corneal%20ulceration%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (38)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38066112">Diagnosing lagophthalmos using artificial intelligence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knoedler L,
Alfertshofer M,
Simon S,
Prantl L,
Kehrer A,
Hoch CC,
Knoedler S,
Lamby P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2023 Dec 8;13(1):21657.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49006-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38066112" target="_blank">38066112</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10709577" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35980013">Corneal complications of rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wajnsztajn D,
Nche E,
Solomon A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol</span>
2022 Oct 1;22(5):304-313.
Epub 2022 Aug 16
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000844.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35980013" target="_blank">35980013</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33058926">Descemetocele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agarwal R,
Nagpal R,
Todi V,
Sharma N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2021 Jan-Feb;66(1):2-19.
Epub 2020 Oct 13
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33058926" target="_blank">33058926</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22157915">What is causing the corneal ulcer? Management strategies for unresponsive corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amescua G,
Miller D,
Alfonso EC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eye (Lond)</span>
2012 Feb;26(2):228-36.
Epub 2011 Dec 9
doi: 10.1038/eye.2011.316.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22157915" target="_blank">22157915</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3272213" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17212990">Congenital corneal anesthesia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramaesh K,
Stokes J,
Henry E,
Dutton GN,
Dhillon B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2007 Jan-Feb;52(1):50-60.
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17212990" target="_blank">17212990</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (245)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35427292">Rash and Corneal Ulceration: A Challenge.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jairath R,
Michalski BM,
Russell A,
Musiek A,
Compton L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Dermatopathol</span>
2022 May 1;44(5):e48-e49.
doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35427292" target="_blank">35427292</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35427289">Rash and Corneal Ulceration: A Challenge: Answer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jairath R,
Michalski BM,
Russell A,
Musiek A,
Compton L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Dermatopathol</span>
2022 May 1;44(5):385-386.
doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002108.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35427289" target="_blank">35427289</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33058926">Descemetocele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agarwal R,
Nagpal R,
Todi V,
Sharma N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2021 Jan-Feb;66(1):2-19.
Epub 2020 Oct 13
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33058926" target="_blank">33058926</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14762402">Hepatitis C virus-associated keratitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jain AK,
Sukhija J,
Saini JS,
Chawla Y,
Dhiman RK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eye (Lond)</span>
2004 Feb;18(2):131-4.
doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700604.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14762402" target="_blank">14762402</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2404888">Corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Whitcher JP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int Ophthalmol Clin</span>
1990 Winter;30(1):30-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2404888" target="_blank">2404888</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (202)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38262426">Ocular Involvement in Graft-versus-Host Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tappeiner C,
Heiligenhaus A,
Dietrich-Ntoukas T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Klin Monbl Augenheilkd</span>
2024 May;241(5):619-625.
Epub 2024 Jan 23
doi: 10.1055/a-2218-0237.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38262426" target="_blank">38262426</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31819296">Infectious corneal ulceration: a proposal for neglected tropical disease status.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ung L,
Acharya NR,
Agarwal T,
Alfonso EC,
Bagga B,
Bispo PJ,
Burton MJ,
Dart JK,
Doan T,
Fleiszig SM,
Garg P,
Gilmore MS,
Gritz DC,
Hazlett LD,
Iovieno A,
Jhanji V,
Kempen JH,
Lee CS,
Lietman TM,
Margolis TP,
McLeod SD,
Mehta JS,
Miller D,
Pearlman E,
Prajna L,
Prajna NV,
Seitzman GD,
Shanbhag SS,
Sharma N,
Sharma S,
Srinivasan M,
Stapleton F,
Tan DT,
Tandon R,
Taylor HR,
Tu EY,
Tuli SS,
Vajpayee RB,
Van Gelder RN,
Watson SL,
Zegans ME,
Chodosh J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Bull World Health Organ</span>
2019 Dec 1;97(12):854-856.
Epub 2019 Nov 1
doi: 10.2471/BLT.19.232660.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31819296" target="_blank">31819296</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6883276" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22157915">What is causing the corneal ulcer? Management strategies for unresponsive corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Amescua G,
Miller D,
Alfonso EC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eye (Lond)</span>
2012 Feb;26(2):228-36.
Epub 2011 Dec 9
doi: 10.1038/eye.2011.316.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22157915" target="_blank">22157915</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3272213" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10832682">Tetracyclines and the treatment of corneal stromal ulceration: a review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ralph RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cornea</span>
2000 May;19(3):274-7.
doi: 10.1097/00003226-200005000-00003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10832682" target="_blank">10832682</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3914132">Inflammatory mechanisms in corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kenyon KR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc</span>
1985;83:610-63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3914132" target="_blank">3914132</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1298713" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (266)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35980013">Corneal complications of rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wajnsztajn D,
Nche E,
Solomon A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol</span>
2022 Oct 1;22(5):304-313.
Epub 2022 Aug 16
doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000844.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35980013" target="_blank">35980013</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29886125">Update on the ophthalmic management of facial paralysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">MacIntosh PW,
Fay AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2019 Jan-Feb;64(1):79-89.
Epub 2018 Jun 8
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.06.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29886125" target="_blank">29886125</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17212990">Congenital corneal anesthesia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramaesh K,
Stokes J,
Henry E,
Dutton GN,
Dhillon B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
2007 Jan-Feb;52(1):50-60.
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2006.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17212990" target="_blank">17212990</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11141643">Systemic disorders associated with peripheral corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ladas JG,
Mondino BJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Ophthalmol</span>
2000 Dec;11(6):468-71.
doi: 10.1097/00055735-200012000-00014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11141643" target="_blank">11141643</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8675238">Measles &amp; malnutrition.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bhaskaram P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Med Res</span>
1995 Nov;102:195-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8675238" target="_blank">8675238</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (134)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38066112">Diagnosing lagophthalmos using artificial intelligence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knoedler L,
Alfertshofer M,
Simon S,
Prantl L,
Kehrer A,
Hoch CC,
Knoedler S,
Lamby P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2023 Dec 8;13(1):21657.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49006-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38066112" target="_blank">38066112</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10709577" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33858497">Autochthonous, zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in a South Texas dog, United States.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Verocai GG,
Sobotyk C,
Lamison A,
Borst MM,
Edwards EE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Parasit Vectors</span>
2021 Apr 15;14(1):203.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04707-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33858497" target="_blank">33858497</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8048269" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29789014">A review of scoring systems for ocular involvement in chronic cutaneous bullous diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee BWH,
Tan JCK,
Radjenovic M,
Coroneo MT,
Murrell DF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2018 May 22;13(1):83.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0823-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29789014" target="_blank">29789014</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5964694" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7044411">A randomised double-blind clinical trial of acyclovir (Zovirax) and adenine arabinoside in herpes simplex corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Young BJ,
Patterson A,
Ravenscroft T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Ophthalmol</span>
1982 Jun;66(6):361-3.
doi: 10.1136/bjo.66.6.361.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7044411" target="_blank">7044411</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1039800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7000171">Randomised double-blind trial of acyclovir and idoxuridine in dendritic corneal ulceration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Collum LM,
Benedict-Smith A,
Hillary IB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Ophthalmol</span>
1980 Oct;64(10):766-9.
doi: 10.1136/bjo.64.10.766.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7000171" target="_blank">7000171</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1043813" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (87)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37249903">Monkeypox-Associated Manifestations and Complications Involving the Eye: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Previous and Current Outbreaks.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abdelaal A,
Reda A,
Hassan AR,
Mashaal A,
Abu Serhan H,
Katamesh BE,
Abdelazeem B,
Mohanty A,
Padhi BK,
Rodriguez-Morales AJ,
Sah R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)</span>
2023 May-Jun 01;12(3):326-337.
Epub 2023 May 31
doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000608.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37249903" target="_blank">37249903</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Corneal%20ulceration%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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