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<meta name="keywords" content="C0007642, bacterial infection of skin, cellulitis, cellulitis (disease), disease or syndrome, skin infection, skin infections, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A bacterial infection and inflammation of the skin und subcutaneous tissues." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=40174
ConceptID=C0007642
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Cellulitis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>40174</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007642</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Cellulitis (disease)</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Cellulitis (385627004); Cellulitis (128045006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100658">HP:0100658</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0005230" target="_blank">MONDO:0005230</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A bacterial infection and inflammation of the skin und subcutaneous tissues. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Cellulitis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871127" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of connective tissue">Abnormality of connective tissue</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Cellulitis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/831" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cellulitis of hand">Cellulitis of hand</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/538455" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cellulitis of pharynx">Cellulitis of pharynx</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44205" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ludwig angina">Ludwig angina</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57681" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Orbital cellulitis">Orbital cellulitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/705094" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Preseptal cellulitis">Preseptal cellulitis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75566"><div><strong>Distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0265345</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (referred to as LDS in this GeneReview) is characterized by lower-limb lymphedema, and distichiasis (aberrant eyelashes ranging from a full set of extra eyelashes to a single hair). Lymphedema typically appears in late childhood or puberty, is confined to the lower limbs with or without involvement of the external genitalia, and is often asymmetric; severity varies within families. Males develop edema at an earlier age and have more problems with cellulitis than females. Distichiasis, which may be present at birth, is observed in 94% of affected individuals. About 75% of affected individuals have ocular findings including corneal irritation, recurrent conjunctivitis, and photophobia; other common findings include varicose veins and ptosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75566">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96022"><div><strong>Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96022</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0398739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIc (CDG2C) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by moderate to severe psychomotor retardation, mild dysmorphism, and impaired neutrophil motility. It is a member of a group of disorders with a defect in the processing of protein-bound glycans. For a general overview of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs), see CDG1A (212065) and CDG2A (212066).&#13; Frydman (1996) contended that the neutrophil defect in CDG2C, which has been referred to as 'leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II' (LAD2), is a manifestation of the disorder and that there are no cases of 'primary' LAD II.&#13; Etzioni and Harlan (1999) provided a comprehensive review of both leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD1; 116920) and LAD2. While the functional neutrophil studies are similar in the 2 LADs, the clinical course is milder in LAD2. Furthermore, patients with LAD2 present other abnormal features, such as growth and mental retardation, which are related to the primary defect in fucose metabolism. Delayed separation of the umbilical cord occurs in LAD1. For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of LAD, see 116920.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96022">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_309963"><div><strong>Hereditary lymphedema type I</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>309963</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1704423</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Lymphatic Malformation&#13; Primary lymphedema is genetically heterogeneous: see also LMPHM2 (611944), which maps to chromosome 6q16.2-q22.1; LMPHM3 (613480), caused by mutation in the GJC2 gene (608803) on chromosome 1q42; LMPHM4 (615907), caused by mutation in the VEGFC gene (601528) on chromosome 4q34; LMPHM5 (153200); LMPHM6 (616843), caused by mutation in the PIEZO1 gene (611184) on chromosome 16q24; LMPHM7 (617300), caused by mutation in the EPHB4 gene (600011) on chromosome 7q22; LMPHM8 (618773), caused by mutation in the CALCRL gene (114190) on chromosome 2q31; LMPHM9 (619319), caused by mutation in the CELSR1 gene (604523) on chromosome 22q13; LMPHM10 (610369), caused by mutation in the ANGPT2 gene (601922) on chromosome 8p23; LMPHM11 (619401), caused by mutation in the TIE1 gene (600222) on chromosome 1p34; LMPHM12 (620014), caused by mutation in the MDFIC gene (614511) on chromosome 7q31; LMPHM13 (620244), caused by mutation in the THSD1 gene (616821) on chromosome 13q14; and LMPHM14 (620602), caused by mutation in the ERG gene (165080) on chromosome 21q22.&#13; Lymphedema can also be a feature of syndromic disorders such as lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (153400), which is caused by mutation in the FOXC2 gene (602402), and various forms of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF; see 236750).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/309963">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336165"><div><strong>Granulomatous disease, chronic, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844376</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy has greatly improved overall survival.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336165">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_377894"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency due to CD25 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>377894</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853392</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-41 is an autosomal recessive complex disorder of immune dysregulation. Affected individuals present in infancy with recurrent viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, lymphadenopathy, and variable autoimmune features, such as autoimmune enteropathy and eczematous skin lesions. Immunologic studies show a defect in T-cell regulation (summary by Goudy et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/377894">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339994"><div><strong>Phelan-McDermid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853490</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Phelan-McDermid syndrome-SHANK3 related (PMS-SHANK3 related) is characterized by neonatal hypotonia, absent to severely delayed speech, developmental delay, and minor dysmorphic facial features. Most affected individuals have moderate-to-profound intellectual disability. Other features include relatively large fleshy hands, dysplastic toenails, and decreased perspiration that results in a tendency to overheat. Normal stature and normal head size distinguish PMS-SHANK3 related from other autosomal chromosome disorders. Neurobehavioral characteristics include mouthing or chewing non-food items, decreased perception of pain, and autism spectrum disorder or autistic-like affect and behavior. Some individuals experience regression / loss of skills, epilepsy, ataxic/abnormal gait, and sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, hypersomnia, and parasomnias). Less commonly, affected individuals may have strabismus, vision problems (hyperopia or myopia), cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, and lymphedema. Those who have PMS-SHANK3 related due to a ring chromosome 22 also have a high risk of developing features of NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339994">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383869"><div><strong>Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383869</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856245</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy has greatly improved overall survival.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383869">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341102"><div><strong>Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341102</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856251</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy has greatly improved overall survival.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341102">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_383872"><div><strong>Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-negative</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383872</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856255</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder of phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils) resulting from impaired killing of bacteria and fungi. CGD is characterized by severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses resulting in granuloma formation and other inflammatory disorders such as colitis. Infections typically involve the lung (pneumonia), lymph nodes (lymphadenitis), liver (abscess), bone (osteomyelitis), and skin (abscesses or cellulitis). Granulomas typically involve the genitourinary system (bladder) and gastrointestinal tract (often the pylorus initially, and later the esophagus, jejunum, ileum, cecum, rectum, and perirectal area). Some males with X-linked CGD have McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome as the result of a contiguous gene deletion. While CGD may present anytime from infancy to late adulthood, the vast majority of affected individuals are diagnosed before age five years. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy has greatly improved overall survival.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383872">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346801"><div><strong>Pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346801</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858361</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disease that typically presents with recurrent sterile, erosive arthritis in childhood, occurring spontaneously or after minor trauma, occasionally resulting in significant joint destruction. By puberty, joint symptoms tend to subside and cutaneous symptoms predominate, including pathergy, frequently with abscesses at the sites of injections, severe cystic acne, and recurrent nonhealing sterile ulcers, often diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum (summary by Demidowich et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346801">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347175"><div><strong>MHC class II deficiency 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347175</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859536</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MHC class II deficiency-3 (MHC2D3) is a rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by the onset of recurrent and persistent infections from birth. Infectious agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, usually affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Laboratory studies show decreased CD4+ T cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, and absence of MHC type II antigens (HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP) on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Most patients die in infancy or early childhood unless they undergo bone marrow transplantation, which can be curative, although complications are common. Rare patients may survive longer, even without bone marrow transplant. MHC class II deficiency may not be detected by newborn T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) screening (summary by El Hawary et al., 2019; Mousavi Khorshidi et al., 2023).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MHC class II deficiency, see MHC2D1 (209920).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347175">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481294"><div><strong>Deafness-lymphedema-leukemia syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481294</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279664</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primary lymphedema with myelodysplasia, also known as Emberger syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by childhood-onset lymphedema of the lower limbs, with lymphoscintigraphy suggestive of lymphatic vessel hypoplasia, and genital lymphatic abnormalities. Myelodysplasia is usually with monosomy 7. Multiple warts, deafness, and minor anomalies (mild hypotelorism, neck webbing, and slender fingers) may also be present (summary by Mansour et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481294">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766875"><div><strong>Autoinflammation-PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency-immune dysregulation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766875</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553961</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autoinflammation, antibody deficiency, and immune dysregulation (APLAID) is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by recurrent blistering skin lesions with a dense inflammatory infiltrate and variable involvement of other tissues, including joints, the eye, and the gastrointestinal tract. Affected individuals have a mild humoral immune deficiency associated with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, but no evidence of circulating autoantibodies (summary by Zhou et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766875">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_811535"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 14</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714976</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Activated PI3K delta syndrome (APDS) is characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations involving the immune system leading to increased susceptibility to infections (e.g., otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia), autoimmune/autoinflammatory manifestations including autoimmune cytopenias, gastrointestinal manifestations resembling Crohn-like colitis, intussusception, and lymphoproliferation (e.g., lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia), and an increased risk of developing B-cell lymphomas and other malignancies. Short stature, growth delays, and neurodevelopmental delays are also reported. APDS type 1 (APDS1) is caused by a heterozygous pathogenic gain-of-function variant in PIK3CD, and APDS type 2 (APDS2) is caused by a heterozygous loss-of-function pathogenic variant in PIK3R1. The key clinical differences between APDS1 and APDS2 include short stature, frequency of gastrointestinal infections, and characteristic dental findings, which are more prominent in APDS2.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811535">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_908120"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>908120</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225184</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lymphatic malformation-6 is a form of generalized lymphatic dysplasia (GLD), which is characterized by a uniform, widespread lymphedema affecting all segments of the body, with systemic involvement such as intestinal and/or pulmonary lymphangiectasia, pleural effusions, chylothoraces and/or pericardial effusions. In LMPHM6, there is a high incidence of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) with either death or complete resolution of the neonatal edema, but childhood onset of lymphedema with or without systemic involvement also occurs. Mild facial edema is often present. Patients have normal intelligence and no seizures (summary by Fotiou et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/908120">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1618052"><div><strong>Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1618052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540232</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-71 with inflammatory disease and congenital thrombocytopenia (IMD71) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent infections and inflammatory features such as vasculitis and eczema in infancy or early childhood. Infectious agents include bacteria and viruses. Laboratory findings are variable, but usually show thrombocytopenia, sometimes with abnormal platelet morphology, increased serum IgE, IgA, or IgM, leukocytosis, decreased or increased T lymphocytes, and increased eosinophils. Detailed studies show impaired neutrophil and T-cell chemotaxis, as well as impaired T-cell activation due to defects in F-actin (see 102610) polymerization (summary by Brigida et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1618052">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1632001"><div><strong>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1632001</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693870</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome classic-like-2 (EDSCLL2) is characterized by severe joint and skin laxity, osteoporosis involving the hips and spine, osteoarthritis, soft redundant skin that can be acrogeria-like, delayed wound healing with abnormal atrophic scarring, and shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle dislocations. Variable features include gastrointestinal and genitourinary manifestations, such as bowel rupture, gut dysmotility, cryptorchidism, and hernias; vascular complications, such as mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilation; and skeletal anomalies (Blackburn et al., 2018).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of classic-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, see 606408.&#13; For a discussion of the classification of EDS, see 130000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1632001">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1652857"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1652857</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4747646</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary primary lymphedema is caused by anatomic or functional defects in the lymphatic system, resulting in chronic swelling of body parts. There may be accompanying nail and skin changes, such as nail dysplasia or papillomatosis. Onset is usually at birth or in early childhood but can occur later, and the severity is variable (summary by Gordon et al., 2013 and Balboa-Beltran et al., 2014).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of lymphatic malformation, see 153100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1652857">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1651756"><div><strong>Lymphatic malformation 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1651756</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4747769</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any hereditary lymphedema in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the VEGFC gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1651756">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1716052"><div><strong>Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 5, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1716052</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394550</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyper-IgE syndrome-5 with recurrent infections (HEIS5) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by onset of recurrent sinopulmonary and deep skin infections in early childhood. The infections are mostly caused by bacteria, including H. influenza and Staphylococcus aureus. Additional features include atopic dermatitis, impaired inflammatory responses during infection, increased serum IgE, and increased IL6 (147620) (summary by Spencer et al., 2019).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of hyper-IgE syndrome, see HIES1 (147060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1716052">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1740566"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1740566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5436549</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-73B with defective neutrophil chemotaxis (IMD73B) is an autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals develop respiratory infections, cellulitis, and severe invasive infections or sepsis; organisms include bacteria such as Staphylococcus, as well as viruses, fungi, and mycobacterial species. Laboratory studies show variable abnormalities, including B- and T-cell lymphopenia, decreased immunoglobulin subsets, decreased TRECs and dysfunctional T cells, decreased NK cells, neutropenia, and impaired neutrophil chemotaxis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative (summary by Hsu et al., 2019; review by Lougaris et al., 2020).&#13; In a review of autosomal forms of chronic granulomatous disease (see 306400 for genetic heterogeneity of CGD), Roos et al. (2021) noted that patients with RAC2 mutations may manifest CGD-like symptoms due to defects in neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1740566">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1788976"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 77</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1788976</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543173</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Immunodeficiency-77 (IMD77) is an immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent polymicrobial infections with multiple unusual organisms. Skin and pulmonary infections are the most common, consistent with increased susceptibility to epithelial cell infections. The age at onset is highly variable: some patients have recurrent infections from childhood, whereas others present in late adulthood. The limited number of reported patients are all female, suggesting incomplete penetrance or a possible sex-influenced trait. Patient cells, mainly macrophages, show impaired killing of intracellular bacteria and organisms, including nontubercular mycobacteria, although there is also impaired killing of other organisms, such as Pseudomonas, Candida, and Aspergillus. Treatment with gamma-IFN (IFNG; 147570) may be a therapeutic option (summary by McCormack et al., 2017 and Merselis et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1788976">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_766875" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autoinflammation-PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency-immune dysregulation</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481294" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deafness-lymphedema-leukemia syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Distichiasis-lymphedema syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1632001" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic-like, 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383872" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-negative</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (22)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_383869" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, cytochrome b-positive, type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Granulomatous disease, chronic, X-linked</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_309963" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hereditary lymphedema type I</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1716052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome 5, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_811535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 14</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1740566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 73b with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and lymphopenia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1788976" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 77</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_377894" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency due to CD25 deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96022" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1652857" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1651756" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_908120" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lymphatic malformation 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347175" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">MHC class II deficiency 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phelan-McDermid syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1618052" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Platelet abnormalities with eosinophilia and immune-mediated inflammatory disease</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_346801" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34059247">Cellulitis: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rrapi R,
Chand S,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2021 Jul;105(4):723-735.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.04.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34059247" target="_blank">34059247</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29626022">Diagnosis and management of cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sullivan T,
de Barra E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
2018 Mar;18(2):160-163.
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29626022" target="_blank">29626022</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6303460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29219814">Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cranendonk DR,
Lavrijsen APM,
Prins JM,
Wiersinga WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neth J Med</span>
2017 Nov;75(9):366-378.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29219814" target="_blank">29219814</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22cellulitis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (647)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34059247">Cellulitis: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rrapi R,
Chand S,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2021 Jul;105(4):723-735.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.04.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34059247" target="_blank">34059247</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33494874">Cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bystritsky RJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Infect Dis Clin North Am</span>
2021 Mar;35(1):49-60.
doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33494874" target="_blank">33494874</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29626022">Diagnosis and management of cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sullivan T,
de Barra E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
2018 Mar;18(2):160-163.
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29626022" target="_blank">29626022</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6303460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29219814">Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cranendonk DR,
Lavrijsen APM,
Prins JM,
Wiersinga WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neth J Med</span>
2017 Nov;75(9):366-378.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29219814" target="_blank">29219814</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27434444">Cellulitis: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raff AB,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2016 Jul 19;316(3):325-37.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.8825.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27434444" target="_blank">27434444</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4152)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34902109">Cellulitis: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines and Differentiation from Pseudocellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boettler MA,
Kaffenberger BH,
Chung CG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Clin Dermatol</span>
2022 Mar;23(2):153-165.
Epub 2021 Dec 13
doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00659-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34902109" target="_blank">34902109</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31935029">Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baiu I,
Melendez E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2020 Jan 14;323(2):196.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.18211.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31935029" target="_blank">31935029</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29626022">Diagnosis and management of cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sullivan T,
de Barra E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
2018 Mar;18(2):160-163.
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29626022" target="_blank">29626022</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6303460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29219814">Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cranendonk DR,
Lavrijsen APM,
Prins JM,
Wiersinga WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neth J Med</span>
2017 Nov;75(9):366-378.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29219814" target="_blank">29219814</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27434444">Cellulitis: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raff AB,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2016 Jul 19;316(3):325-37.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.8825.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27434444" target="_blank">27434444</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5021)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31935029">Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baiu I,
Melendez E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2020 Jan 14;323(2):196.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.18211.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31935029" target="_blank">31935029</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29626022">Diagnosis and management of cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sullivan T,
de Barra E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Med (Lond)</span>
2018 Mar;18(2):160-163.
doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29626022" target="_blank">29626022</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6303460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29219814">Cellulitis: current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cranendonk DR,
Lavrijsen APM,
Prins JM,
Wiersinga WJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neth J Med</span>
2017 Nov;75(9):366-378.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29219814" target="_blank">29219814</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28535238">Cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Linder KA,
Malani PN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2017 May 23;317(20):2142.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.5205.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28535238" target="_blank">28535238</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27884386">Preseptal and orbital cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ekhlassi T,
Becker N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dis Mon</span>
2017 Feb;63(2):30-32.
Epub 2016 Nov 22
doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.09.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27884386" target="_blank">27884386</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4497)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35436601">Incidence of infectious complications following strabismus surgery.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Heo H,
Ryu WY,
Chandramohan A,
Lambert SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J AAPOS</span>
2022 Jun;26(3):158-160.
Epub 2022 Apr 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35436601" target="_blank">35436601</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9250602" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32786188">Compression Therapy to Prevent Recurrent Cellulitis of the Leg.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Webb E,
Neeman T,
Bowden FJ,
Gaida J,
Mumford V,
Bissett B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
2020 Aug 13;383(7):630-639.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1917197.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32786188" target="_blank">32786188</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31591063">Ramucirumab plus erlotinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (RELAY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nakagawa K,
Garon EB,
Seto T,
Nishio M,
Ponce Aix S,
Paz-Ares L,
Chiu CH,
Park K,
Novello S,
Nadal E,
Imamura F,
Yoh K,
Shih JY,
Au KH,
Moro-Sibilot D,
Enatsu S,
Zimmermann A,
Frimodt-Moller B,
Visseren-Grul C,
Reck M;
RELAY Study Investigators</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Oncol</span>
2019 Dec;20(12):1655-1669.
Epub 2019 Oct 4
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30634-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31591063" target="_blank">31591063</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20516236">Periorbital and orbital cellulitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hauser A,
Fogarasi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Rev</span>
2010 Jun;31(6):242-9.
doi: 10.1542/pir.31-6-242.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20516236" target="_blank">20516236</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18592066">Ocular emergencies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hodge C,
Lawless M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aust Fam Physician</span>
2008 Jul;37(7):506-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18592066" target="_blank">18592066</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2023)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35438766">Epidemiology and Management of Orbital Cellulitis in Children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Anosike BI,
Ganapathy V,
Nakamura MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc</span>
2022 May 30;11(5):214-220.
doi: 10.1093/jpids/piac006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35438766" target="_blank">35438766</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9155619" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34059247">Cellulitis: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rrapi R,
Chand S,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Clin North Am</span>
2021 Jul;105(4):723-735.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.04.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34059247" target="_blank">34059247</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32745638">Route and duration of antibiotic therapy in acute cellulitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and harms of antibiotic treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cross ELA,
Jordan H,
Godfrey R,
Onakpoya IJ,
Shears A,
Fidler K,
Peto TEA,
Walker AS,
Llewelyn MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Infect</span>
2020 Oct;81(4):521-531.
Epub 2020 Jul 31
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32745638" target="_blank">32745638</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30777258">Common Community-acquired Bacterial Skin and Soft-tissue Infections in Children: an Intersociety Consensus on Impetigo, Abscess, and Cellulitis Treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Galli L,
Venturini E,
Bassi A,
Gattinara GC,
Chiappini E,
Defilippi C,
Diociaiuti A,
Esposito S,
Garazzino S,
Giannattasio A,
Krzysztofiak A,
Latorre S,
Lo Vecchio A,
Marchisio P,
Montagnani C,
Nicolini G,
Novelli A,
Rossolini GM,
Tersigni C,
Villani A,
El Hachem M,
Neri I;
Italian Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society;
Italian Pediatric Dermatology Society</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Ther</span>
2019 Mar;41(3):532-551.e17.
Epub 2019 Feb 15
doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30777258" target="_blank">30777258</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27434444">Cellulitis: A Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raff AB,
Kroshinsky D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
2016 Jul 19;316(3):325-37.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.8825.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27434444" target="_blank">27434444</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1429)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chastagner M,
Shourik J,
Jachiet M,
Battistella M,
Lefevre G,
Gibier JB,
Aubert H,
Musquer M,
Descamps V,
Deschamps L,
Chosidow O,
Ortonne N,
Groh M,
Bernier M,
Jullien D,
Chasset F,
Staumont-Salle D,
Bouaziz JD,
Kanitakis J,
Villani AP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Dermatol Venereol</span>
2022 Jun;149(2):123-127.
Epub 2021 Oct 27
doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2021.07.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34716028" target="_blank">34716028</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32745638">Route and duration of antibiotic therapy in acute cellulitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and harms of antibiotic treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cross ELA,
Jordan H,
Godfrey R,
Onakpoya IJ,
Shears A,
Fidler K,
Peto TEA,
Walker AS,
Llewelyn MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Infect</span>
2020 Oct;81(4):521-531.
Epub 2020 Jul 31
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.030.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32745638" target="_blank">32745638</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29730734">Robotic-assisted inguinal lymphadenectomy: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gkegkes ID,
Minis EE,
Iavazzo C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Robot Surg</span>
2019 Feb;13(1):1-8.
Epub 2018 May 5
doi: 10.1007/s11701-018-0823-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29730734" target="_blank">29730734</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29859573">Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wong SJ,
Levi J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2018 Jul;110:123-129.
Epub 2018 May 8
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29859573" target="_blank">29859573</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21843213">Evidence-based diagnostics: adult septic arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carpenter CR,
Schuur JD,
Everett WW,
Pines JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acad Emerg Med</span>
2011 Aug;18(8):781-96.
doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01121.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21843213" target="_blank">21843213</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3229263" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cellulitis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (117)</a></div></div>
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