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<meta name="keywords" content="C0011644, dermatosclerosis, disease or syndrome, progressive systemic scleroderma, pseudoscleroderma, scleroderma, scleroderma (disease), autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=3770
ConceptID=C0011644
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Scleroderma</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3770</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Dermatosclerosis</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Scleroderma (267874003)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_988794"><div><strong>Not genetically inherited</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>988794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">clinical entity without genetic inheritance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/988794">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_988794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Not genetically inherited</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0100324">HP:0100324</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019340" target="_blank">MONDO:0019340</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=801">ORPHA801</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Scleroderma</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pathological process">Pathological process</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232638" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Immune System and Related Disorders">Immune System and Related Disorders</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5759" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Immune system disorder">Immune system disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2135" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Autoimmune disease">Autoimmune disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Scleroderma</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/48586" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Localized scleroderma">Localized scleroderma</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/859215" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Circumscribed Morphea">Circumscribed Morphea</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/890206" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deep Circumscribed Morphea">Deep Circumscribed Morphea</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/712436" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Plaque morphea">Plaque morphea</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/858243" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disabling pansclerotic morphea of childhood">Disabling pansclerotic morphea of childhood</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/538045" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Generalized morphea">Generalized morphea</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75518" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Linear scleroderma">Linear scleroderma</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/581116" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Coup de sabre scleroderma">Coup de sabre scleroderma</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/857874" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mixed Morphea">Mixed Morphea</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/857586" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pansclerotic Morphea">Pansclerotic Morphea</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1613012" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Proximal scleroderma">Proximal scleroderma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/853197" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Scleroderma Renal Crisis">Scleroderma Renal Crisis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/19897" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Systemic sclerosis">Systemic sclerosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/965566" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis">Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419841" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis">Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/148187" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis">Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/60083" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for CREST syndrome">CREST syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/220934" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma">Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/219839" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Systemic sclerosis, diffuse">Systemic sclerosis, diffuse</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=39&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Scleroderma</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_19244"><div><strong>Phenylketonuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>19244</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0031485</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency results in intolerance to the dietary intake of the essential amino acid phenylalanine and produces a spectrum of disorders. The risk of adverse outcome varies based on the degree of PAH deficiency. Without effective therapy, most individuals with severe PAH deficiency, known as classic PKU, develop profound and irreversible intellectual disability. Affected individuals on an unrestricted diet who have phenylalanine levels above normal but below 1,200 µmol/L (20 mg/dL) are at much lower risk for impaired cognitive development in the absence of treatment.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/19244">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_12147"><div><strong>Werner syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>12147</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0043119</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Werner syndrome is characterized by the premature appearance of features associated with normal aging and cancer predisposition. Individuals with Werner syndrome develop normally until the end of the first decade. The first sign is the lack of a growth spurt during the early teen years. Early findings (usually observed in the 20s) include loss and graying of hair, hoarseness, and scleroderma-like skin changes, followed by bilateral ocular cataracts, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, skin ulcers, and osteoporosis in the 30s. Myocardial infarction and cancer are the most common causes of death; the mean age of death in individuals with Werner syndrome is 54 years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/12147">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_75669"><div><strong>Familial porphyria cutanea tarda</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75669</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0268323</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial porphyria cutanea tarda (F-PCT) is characterized by: skin findings including blistering over the dorsal aspects of the hands and other sun-exposed areas of skin, skin friability after minor trauma, facial hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation, and severe thickening of affected skin areas (pseudoscleroderma); and an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75669">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_450547"><div><strong>Reynolds syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>450547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0748397</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An autoimmune disorder characterized by the association of primary biliary cirrhosis with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Onset occurs between 30-65 years. Occurs sporadically, but rare familial cases with an unknown inheritance pattern have been observed. There is no cure and management is mainly supportive.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/450547">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354526"><div><strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1720860</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution beginning in late childhood or early adult life. Affected individuals gradually lose fat from the upper and lower extremities and the gluteal and truncal regions, resulting in a muscular appearance with prominent superficial veins. In some patients, adipose tissue accumulates on the face and neck, causing a double chin, fat neck, or cushingoid appearance. Metabolic abnormalities include insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus with acanthosis nigricans and hypertriglyceridemia; hirsutism and menstrual abnormalities occur infrequently. Familial partial lipodystrophy may also be referred to as lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus, but the essential feature is loss of subcutaneous fat (review by Garg, 2004).&#13; The disorder may be misdiagnosed as Cushing disease (see 219080) (Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986; Garg, 2004).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Familial Partial Lipodystrophy&#13; Familial partial lipodystrophy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Types 1 and 2 were originally described as clinical subtypes: type 1 (FPLD1; 608600), characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat confined to the limbs (Kobberling et al., 1975), and FPLD2, characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the limbs and trunk (Dunnigan et al., 1974; Kobberling and Dunnigan, 1986). No genetic basis for FPLD1 has yet been delineated. FPLD3 (604367) is caused by mutation in the PPARG gene (601487) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD4 (613877) is caused by mutation in the PLIN1 gene (170290) on chromosome 15q26; FPLD5 (615238) is caused by mutation in the CIDEC gene (612120) on chromosome 3p25; FPLD6 (615980) is caused by mutation in the LIPE gene (151750) on chromosome 19q13; FPLD7 (606721) is caused by mutation in the CAV1 gene (601047) on chromosome 7q31; FPLD8 (620679), caused by mutation in the ADRA2A gene (104210) on chromosome 10q25; and FPLD9 (620683), caused by mutation in the PLAAT3 gene (613867) on chromosome 11q12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_324735"><div><strong>Myofibrillar myopathy 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myofibrillar myopathy-2 (MFM2) is an autosomal dominant muscular disorder characterized by adult onset of progressive muscle weakness affecting both the proximal and distal muscles and associated with respiratory insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, and cataracts. There is phenotypic variability both within and between families (Fardeau et al., 1978; Selcen and Engel, 2003).&#13; A homozygous founder mutation in the CRYAB gene has been identified in Canadian aboriginal infants of Cree origin who have a severe fatal infantile hypertonic form of myofibrillar myopathy; see 613869.&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of myofibrillar myopathy, see MFM1 (601419).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356661"><div><strong>Scleroderma, familial progressive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1866983</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Systemic sclerosis is a clinically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder characterized by immune activation, vascular damage, and fibrosis of the skin and major internal organs. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the disorder is multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors (Fonseca et al., 2007).&#13; Gabrielli et al. (2009) provided a detailed review of scleroderma, including clinical manifestations and pathophysiology.&#13; See also Reynolds syndrome (613471), which shares some clinical features with scleroderma and CREST syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356661">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801155"><div><strong>Restrictive dermopathy 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801155</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676942</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Restrictive dermopathy is a rare genodermatosis characterized mainly by intrauterine growth retardation, tight and rigid skin with erosions, prominent superficial vasculature and epidermal hyperkeratosis, facial dysmorphism (small mouth, small pinched nose and micrognathia), sparse/absent eyelashes and eyebrows, mineralization defects of the skull, thin dysplastic clavicles, pulmonary hypoplasia, multiple joint contractures, and an early neonatal lethal course. Liveborn children usually die within the first week of life (summary by Navarro et al., 2004).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of restrictive dermopathy, see RSDM1 (275210).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801155">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1861084"><div><strong>Cutaneous porphyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1861084</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5886774</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is characterized in most individuals by severe cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering and increased friability of the skin over light-exposed areas. Onset in most affected individuals occurs at birth or early infancy. The first manifestation is often pink-to-dark red discoloration of the urine. Hemolytic anemia is common and can range from mild to severe, with some affected individuals requiring chronic blood transfusions. Porphyrin deposition may lead to corneal ulcers and scarring, reddish-brown discoloration of the teeth (erythrodontia), and bone loss and/or expansion of the bone marrow. The phenotypic spectrum, however, is broad and ranges from nonimmune hydrops fetalis in utero to late-onset disease with only mild cutaneous manifestations in adulthood.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1861084">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1861084" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutaneous porphyria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_354526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_75669" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial porphyria cutanea tarda</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_324735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myofibrillar myopathy 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_19244" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Phenylketonuria</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (9)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801155" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Restrictive dermopathy 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_450547" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Reynolds syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scleroderma, familial progressive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_12147" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Werner syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38112769">Diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases in the ICU.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dumas G,
Arabi YM,
Bartz R,
Ranzani O,
Scheibe F,
Darmon M,
Helms J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Intensive Care Med</span>
2024 Jan;50(1):17-35.
Epub 2023 Dec 19
doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07266-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38112769" target="_blank">38112769</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27941129">Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kowal-Bielecka O,
Fransen J,
Avouac J,
Becker M,
Kulak A,
Allanore Y,
Distler O,
Clements P,
Cutolo M,
Czirjak L,
Damjanov N,
Del Galdo F,
Denton CP,
Distler JHW,
Foeldvari I,
Figelstone K,
Frerix M,
Furst DE,
Guiducci S,
Hunzelmann N,
Khanna D,
Matucci-Cerinic M,
Herrick AL,
van den Hoogen F,
van Laar JM,
Riemekasten G,
Silver R,
Smith V,
Sulli A,
Tarner I,
Tyndall A,
Welling J,
Wigley F,
Valentini G,
Walker UA,
Zulian F,
Müller-Ladner U;
EUSTAR Coauthors</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Rheum Dis</span>
2017 Aug;76(8):1327-1339.
Epub 2016 Nov 9
doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209909.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27941129" target="_blank">27941129</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24092682">2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van den Hoogen F,
Khanna D,
Fransen J,
Johnson SR,
Baron M,
Tyndall A,
Matucci-Cerinic M,
Naden RP,
Medsger TA Jr,
Carreira PE,
Riemekasten G,
Clements PJ,
Denton CP,
Distler O,
Allanore Y,
Furst DE,
Gabrielli A,
Mayes MD,
van Laar JM,
Seibold JR,
Czirjak L,
Steen VD,
Inanc M,
Kowal-Bielecka O,
Müller-Ladner U,
Valentini G,
Veale DJ,
Vonk MC,
Walker UA,
Chung L,
Collier DH,
Ellen Csuka M,
Fessler BJ,
Guiducci S,
Herrick A,
Hsu VM,
Jimenez S,
Kahaleh B,
Merkel PA,
Sierakowski S,
Silver RM,
Simms RW,
Varga J,
Pope JE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Rheum Dis</span>
2013 Nov;72(11):1747-55.
doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204424.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24092682" target="_blank">24092682</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22scleroderma%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (609)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38251534">Beyond very early systemic sclerosis: deciphering prescleroderma and its trajectories to open new avenues for preventive medicine.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lescoat A,
Bellando-Randone S,
Campochiaro C,
Del Galdo F,
Denton CP,
Farrington S,
Galetti I,
Khanna D,
Kuwana M,
Truchetet ME,
Allanore Y,
Matucci-Cerinic M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Rheumatol</span>
2023 Nov;5(11):e683-e694.
Epub 2023 Sep 26
doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00212-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38251534" target="_blank">38251534</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36442487">Systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Volkmann ER,
Andréasson K,
Smith V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2023 Jan 28;401(10373):304-318.
Epub 2022 Nov 25
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01692-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36442487" target="_blank">36442487</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9892343" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30031497">Scleroderma in Children and Adolescents: Localized Scleroderma and Systemic Sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li SC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
2018 Aug;65(4):757-781.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.04.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30031497" target="_blank">30031497</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29068586">Systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kucharz EJ,
Kopeć-Mędrek M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Clin Exp Med</span>
2017 Aug;26(5):875-880.
doi: 10.17219/acem/64334.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29068586" target="_blank">29068586</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26352732">Scleroderma renal crisis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hudson M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2015 Nov;27(6):549-54.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000221.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26352732" target="_blank">26352732</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7218)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37199215">Systemic sclerosis: one year in review 2023.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Di Battista M,
Lepri G,
Codullo V,
Da Rio M,
Fiorentini E,
Della Rossa A,
Guiducci S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Rheumatol</span>
2023 Aug;41(8):1567-1574.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ki76s5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37199215" target="_blank">37199215</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36135958">Systemic sclerosis: one year in review 2022.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lepri G,
Orlandi M,
Di Battista M,
De Mattia G,
Da Rio M,
Codullo V,
Guiducci S,
Della Rossa A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Rheumatol</span>
2022 Oct;40(10):1911-1920.
Epub 2022 Sep 21
doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/3401fl.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36135958" target="_blank">36135958</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28413064">Systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denton CP,
Khanna D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2017 Oct 7;390(10103):1685-1699.
Epub 2017 Apr 13
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30933-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28413064" target="_blank">28413064</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25672301">Localized scleroderma: clinical spectrum and therapeutic update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Careta MF,
Romiti R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">An Bras Dermatol</span>
2015 Jan-Feb;90(1):62-73.
doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20152890.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25672301" target="_blank">25672301</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4323700" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23124403">Systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hughes M,
Herrick A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Hosp Med (Lond)</span>
2012 Sep;73(9):509-10, 511-6.
doi: 10.12968/hmed.2012.73.9.509.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23124403" target="_blank">23124403</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7812)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38740369">Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mulcaire-Jones E,
Pugashetti JV,
Oldham JM,
Khanna D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Respir Crit Care Med</span>
2024 Jun;45(3):435-448.
Epub 2024 May 13
doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786155.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38740369" target="_blank">38740369</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11875204" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33741803">Treatment for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roofeh D,
Lescoat A,
Khanna D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2021 May 1;33(3):240-248.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000795.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33741803" target="_blank">33741803</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8021460" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33257497">New composite endpoint in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: revisiting the provisional American College of Rheumatology Composite Response Index in Systemic Sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khanna D,
Huang S,
Lin CJF,
Spino C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Rheum Dis</span>
2021 May;80(5):641-650.
Epub 2020 Nov 30
doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219100.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33257497" target="_blank">33257497</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10750249" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28303481">Morphea and Eosinophilic Fasciitis: An Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mertens JS,
Seyger MMB,
Thurlings RM,
Radstake TRDJ,
de Jong EMGJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Clin Dermatol</span>
2017 Aug;18(4):491-512.
doi: 10.1007/s40257-017-0269-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28303481" target="_blank">28303481</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5506513" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11564369">Juvenile systemic scleroderma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martini A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Rheumatol Rep</span>
2001 Oct;3(5):387-90.
doi: 10.1007/s11926-996-0008-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11564369" target="_blank">11564369</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5326)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33002949">Cancer and scleroderma: recent insights.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morrisroe K,
Nikpour M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2020 Nov;32(6):479-487.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000755.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33002949" target="_blank">33002949</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29248149">Morphea in Childhood: An Update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aranegui B,
Jiménez-Reyes J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed)</span>
2018 May;109(4):312-322.
Epub 2017 Dec 14
doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2017.06.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29248149" target="_blank">29248149</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23124403">Systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hughes M,
Herrick A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Hosp Med (Lond)</span>
2012 Sep;73(9):509-10, 511-6.
doi: 10.12968/hmed.2012.73.9.509.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23124403" target="_blank">23124403</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12581140">Scleromyxedema revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pomann JJ,
Rudner EJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Dermatol</span>
2003 Jan;42(1):31-5.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01565.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12581140" target="_blank">12581140</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11564369">Juvenile systemic scleroderma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martini A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Rheumatol Rep</span>
2001 Oct;3(5):387-90.
doi: 10.1007/s11926-996-0008-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11564369" target="_blank">11564369</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4735)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39540283">Emerging Imaging Techniques for Atherosclerosis in Systemic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Conditions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Markousis-Mavrogenis G,
Habib M,
Huck DM,
André F,
Steen H,
Mukherjee M,
Mavrogeni SI,
Weber B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol</span>
2025 Jan;45(1):11-22.
Epub 2024 Nov 14
doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.124.321202.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39540283" target="_blank">39540283</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29873115">Gastrointestinal: Hide-bound bowel.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hoversten P,
Bledsoe A,
Sweetser S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Gastroenterol Hepatol</span>
2018 Aug;33(8):1433.
Epub 2018 Jun 5
doi: 10.1111/jgh.14283.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29873115" target="_blank">29873115</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28446601">Diffuse parenchymal lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tomassetti S,
Ravaglia C,
Poletti V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Respir Rev</span>
2017 Jun 30;26(144)
Epub 2017 Apr 26
doi: 10.1183/16000617.0004-2017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28446601" target="_blank">28446601</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9489187" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23457159">Scleroderma lung disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Solomon JJ,
Olson AL,
Fischer A,
Bull T,
Brown KK,
Raghu G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Respir Rev</span>
2013 Mar 1;22(127):6-19.
doi: 10.1183/09059180.00005512.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23457159" target="_blank">23457159</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4103193" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22035608">Pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McLaughlin VV,
Davis M,
Cornwell W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Probl Cardiol</span>
2011 Dec;36(12):461-517.
doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2011.08.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22035608" target="_blank">22035608</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6199)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37772987">Rituximab in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Macrea M,
Ghazipura M,
Herman D,
Barnes H,
Knight SL,
Silver RM,
Montesi SB,
Raghu G,
Hossain T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Am Thorac Soc</span>
2024 Feb;21(2):317-327.
doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202301-055OC.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37772987" target="_blank">37772987</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37997130">Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Singh M,
Wambua S,
Lee SI,
Okoth K,
Wang Z,
Fazla F,
Fayaz A,
Eastwood KA,
Nelson-Piercy C,
Nirantharakumar K,
Crowe F;
MuM-PreDiCT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet</span>
2023 Nov;402 Suppl 1:S84.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02128-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37997130" target="_blank">37997130</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36306005">The association of IL-33 and systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shi W,
Zhou H,
Zhu X,
Xie J,
Huang Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Immunol Res</span>
2023 Feb;71(1):60-69.
Epub 2022 Oct 28
doi: 10.1007/s12026-022-09329-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36306005" target="_blank">36306005</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35403538">Immunologic underpinnings and treatment of morphea.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">LaChance AH,
Goldman N,
Kassamali B,
Vleugels RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Clin Immunol</span>
2022 May;18(5):461-483.
Epub 2022 May 4
doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2063841.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35403538" target="_blank">35403538</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27941129">Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kowal-Bielecka O,
Fransen J,
Avouac J,
Becker M,
Kulak A,
Allanore Y,
Distler O,
Clements P,
Cutolo M,
Czirjak L,
Damjanov N,
Del Galdo F,
Denton CP,
Distler JHW,
Foeldvari I,
Figelstone K,
Frerix M,
Furst DE,
Guiducci S,
Hunzelmann N,
Khanna D,
Matucci-Cerinic M,
Herrick AL,
van den Hoogen F,
van Laar JM,
Riemekasten G,
Silver R,
Smith V,
Sulli A,
Tarner I,
Tyndall A,
Welling J,
Wigley F,
Valentini G,
Walker UA,
Zulian F,
Müller-Ladner U;
EUSTAR Coauthors</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Rheum Dis</span>
2017 Aug;76(8):1327-1339.
Epub 2016 Nov 9
doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209909.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27941129" target="_blank">27941129</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scleroderma%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (331)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=801" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Scleroderma" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22scleroderma%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Scleroderma%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Scleroderma" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/18705/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Scleroderma" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Scleroderma%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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