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<meta name="keywords" content="C1848486, disease or syndrome, finding, premature arteriosclerosis, premature hardening of arteries, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Arteriosclerosis occurring at an age that is younger than usual." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=376368
ConceptID=C1848486
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Premature arteriosclerosis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376368</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848486</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Premature hardening of arteries</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005177">HP:0005177</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Arteriosclerosis occurring at an age that is younger than usual. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Premature arteriosclerosis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892473" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology">Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/927608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vascular morphology">Abnormal vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1778737" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal blood vessel morphology">Abnormal blood vessel morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892767" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal systemic arterial morphology">Abnormal systemic arterial morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2076" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arteriosclerosis disorder">Arteriosclerosis disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Premature arteriosclerosis</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_12147"><div><strong>Werner syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>12147</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0043119</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Werner syndrome is characterized by the premature appearance of features associated with normal aging and cancer predisposition. Individuals with Werner syndrome develop normally until the end of the first decade. The first sign is the lack of a growth spurt during the early teen years. Early findings (usually observed in the 20s) include loss and graying of hair, hoarseness, and scleroderma-like skin changes, followed by bilateral ocular cataracts, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, skin ulcers, and osteoporosis in the 30s. Myocardial infarction and cancer are the most common causes of death; the mean age of death in individuals with Werner syndrome is 54 years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/12147">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_12147" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Werner syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14635102">Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Georgia (USA): correlation of clinical and biochemical phenotype with genotype.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kruger WD,
Wang L,
Jhee KH,
Singh RH,
Elsas LJ 2nd</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2003 Dec;22(6):434-41.
doi: 10.1002/humu.10290.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14635102" target="_blank">14635102</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12911117">Discovery of the hepatic canalicular and intestinal cholesterol transporters. New targets for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zanlungo S,
Nervi F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci</span>
2003 Mar-Apr;7(2):33-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12911117" target="_blank">12911117</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10364517">The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Dutch patients with homocystinuria: effect of CBS genotype on biochemical and clinical phenotype and on response to treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kluijtmans LA,
Boers GH,
Kraus JP,
van den Heuvel LP,
Cruysberg JR,
Trijbels FJ,
Blom HJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
1999 Jul;65(1):59-67.
doi: 10.1086/302439.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10364517" target="_blank">10364517</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1378075" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31909878">High Burden of Premature Arteriosclerosis on Renal Biopsy Results in Incident Lupus Nephritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garg S,
Bartels CM,
Hansen KE,
Zhong W,
Huang Y,
Semanik MG,
Smith M,
Panzer SE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</span>
2021 Mar;73(3):394-401.
doi: 10.1002/acr.24138.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31909878" target="_blank">31909878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8162670" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30224235">Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Argacha JF,
Mizukami T,
Bourdrel T,
Bind MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
2019 Jul;29(5):274-282.
Epub 2018 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30224235" target="_blank">30224235</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15830093">Hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yang F,
Tan HM,
Wang H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sheng Li Xue Bao</span>
2005 Apr 25;57(2):103-14.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15830093" target="_blank">15830093</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11004134">Suppression of inflammation in primary systemic vasculitis restores vascular endothelial function: lessons for atherosclerotic disease?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raza K,
Thambyrajah J,
Townend JN,
Exley AR,
Hortas C,
Filer A,
Carruthers DM,
Bacon PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
2000 Sep 26;102(13):1470-2.
doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.13.1470.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11004134" target="_blank">11004134</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11122694">Common mutations of the lipoprotein lipase gene and their clinical significance.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gehrisch S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Atheroscler Rep</span>
1999 Jul;1(1):70-8.
doi: 10.1007/s11883-999-0052-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11122694" target="_blank">11122694</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (20)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30224235">Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Argacha JF,
Mizukami T,
Bourdrel T,
Bind MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
2019 Jul;29(5):274-282.
Epub 2018 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30224235" target="_blank">30224235</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19696711">Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): a treatable lipid storage disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keren Z,
Falik-Zaccai TC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Endocrinol Rev</span>
2009 Sep;7(1):6-11.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19696711" target="_blank">19696711</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18008117">General anesthesia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shay H,
Frumento RJ,
Bastien A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Anesth</span>
2007;21(4):493-6.
Epub 2007 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s00540-007-0544-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18008117" target="_blank">18008117</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1879602">Cerebral infarction after caesarean section due to heterozygosity for homocystinuria; a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minkhorst AG,
van Dongen PW,
Boers GH,
de Wit PH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
1991 Jul 25;40(3):241-3.
doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90126-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1879602" target="_blank">1879602</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7294638">Papilloarterial Ischemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kottow MH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Ophthalmol</span>
1981 Aug;13(8):963-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7294638" target="_blank">7294638</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30224235">Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Argacha JF,
Mizukami T,
Bourdrel T,
Bind MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
2019 Jul;29(5):274-282.
Epub 2018 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30224235" target="_blank">30224235</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19696711">Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): a treatable lipid storage disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Keren Z,
Falik-Zaccai TC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Endocrinol Rev</span>
2009 Sep;7(1):6-11.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19696711" target="_blank">19696711</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18008117">General anesthesia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shay H,
Frumento RJ,
Bastien A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Anesth</span>
2007;21(4):493-6.
Epub 2007 Nov 1
doi: 10.1007/s00540-007-0544-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18008117" target="_blank">18008117</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12911117">Discovery of the hepatic canalicular and intestinal cholesterol transporters. New targets for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zanlungo S,
Nervi F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci</span>
2003 Mar-Apr;7(2):33-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12911117" target="_blank">12911117</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1879602">Cerebral infarction after caesarean section due to heterozygosity for homocystinuria; a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Minkhorst AG,
van Dongen PW,
Boers GH,
de Wit PH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
1991 Jul 25;40(3):241-3.
doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90126-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1879602" target="_blank">1879602</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38316115">Association between Inflammation, Glycocalyx Biomarkers, and Endothelial Function in Children with Hypercholesterolemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pastor-Villaescusa B,
Meier J,
Ruske F,
Prell C,
Gruenzner J,
Koenig M,
Jakob A,
Koletzko B,
Nussbaum C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Nutr Metab</span>
2024;80(5):260-267.
Epub 2024 Feb 23
doi: 10.1159/000536042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38316115" target="_blank">38316115</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31909878">High Burden of Premature Arteriosclerosis on Renal Biopsy Results in Incident Lupus Nephritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garg S,
Bartels CM,
Hansen KE,
Zhong W,
Huang Y,
Semanik MG,
Smith M,
Panzer SE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</span>
2021 Mar;73(3):394-401.
doi: 10.1002/acr.24138.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31909878" target="_blank">31909878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8162670" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30224235">Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Argacha JF,
Mizukami T,
Bourdrel T,
Bind MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
2019 Jul;29(5):274-282.
Epub 2018 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30224235" target="_blank">30224235</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17357785">What's new in the aetiopathogenesis of vasculitis?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Brogan PA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2007 Aug;22(8):1083-94.
Epub 2007 Mar 15
doi: 10.1007/s00467-007-0450-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17357785" target="_blank">17357785</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7087892" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4077243">Systolic blood pressure as a predictor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. A 5-year longitudinal study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Janka HU,
Dirschedl P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
1985 Nov-Dec;7(6 Pt 2):II90-4.
doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.7.6_pt_2.ii90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4077243" target="_blank">4077243</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38316115">Association between Inflammation, Glycocalyx Biomarkers, and Endothelial Function in Children with Hypercholesterolemia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pastor-Villaescusa B,
Meier J,
Ruske F,
Prell C,
Gruenzner J,
Koenig M,
Jakob A,
Koletzko B,
Nussbaum C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Nutr Metab</span>
2024;80(5):260-267.
Epub 2024 Feb 23
doi: 10.1159/000536042.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38316115" target="_blank">38316115</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31909878">High Burden of Premature Arteriosclerosis on Renal Biopsy Results in Incident Lupus Nephritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Garg S,
Bartels CM,
Hansen KE,
Zhong W,
Huang Y,
Semanik MG,
Smith M,
Panzer SE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)</span>
2021 Mar;73(3):394-401.
doi: 10.1002/acr.24138.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31909878" target="_blank">31909878</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8162670" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30224235">Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Argacha JF,
Mizukami T,
Bourdrel T,
Bind MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
2019 Jul;29(5):274-282.
Epub 2018 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30224235" target="_blank">30224235</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6408313" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4077243">Systolic blood pressure as a predictor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. A 5-year longitudinal study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Janka HU,
Dirschedl P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hypertension</span>
1985 Nov-Dec;7(6 Pt 2):II90-4.
doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.7.6_pt_2.ii90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4077243" target="_blank">4077243</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/311586">Increased factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen and von Willebrand factor activity in renal failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Warrell RP Jr,
Hultin MB,
Coller BS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
1979 Feb;66(2):226-8.
doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90531-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/311586" target="_blank">311586</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Premature%20arteriosclerosis" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22premature%20arteriosclerosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Premature%20arteriosclerosis" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Premature%20arteriosclerosis" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Premature%20arteriosclerosis%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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