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<meta name="keywords" content="C1847200, ad4, alzheimer disease 4, alzheimer disease familial type 4, alzheimer disease risk factor (apoe genotype), alzheimer disease type 4, alzheimer disease, familial, 4, alzheimer disease, familial, type 4, alzheimer disease, familial4, alzheimer disease-4, alzheimer's disease 4, alzheimer's disease type 4, apoe, disease or syndrome, familial alzheimer disease, type 4, familial alzheimer's disease, type 4, psen2, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. This disorder usually appears in people older than age 65, but less common forms of the disease appear earlier in adulthood.\n\nMemory loss is the most common sign of Alzheimer's disease. Forgetfulness may be subtle at first, but the loss of memory worsens over time until it interferes with most aspects of daily living. Even in familiar settings, a person with Alzheimer's disease may get lost or become confused. Routine tasks such as preparing meals, doing laundry, and performing other household chores can be challenging. Additionally, it may become difficult to recognize people and name objects. Affected people increasingly require help with dressing, eating, and personal care.\n\nAs the disorder progresses, some people with Alzheimer's disease experience personality and behavioral changes and have trouble interacting in a socially appropriate manner. Other common symptoms include agitation, restlessness, withdrawal, and loss of language skills. People with Alzheimer's disease usually require total care during the advanced stages of the disease.\n\nIndividuals with Alzheimer's disease usually survive 8 to 10 years after the appearance of symptoms, but the course of the disease can range from 1 to 25 years. Survival is usually shorter in individuals diagnosed after age 80 than in those diagnosed at a younger age. In Alzheimer's disease, death usually results from pneumonia, malnutrition, or general body wasting (inanition).\n\nAlzheimer's disease can be classified as early-onset or late-onset. The signs and symptoms of the early-onset form appear between a person's thirties and mid-sixties, while the late-onset form appears during or after a person's mid-sixties. The early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is much less common than the late-onset form, accounting for less than 10 percent of all cases of Alzheimer's disease." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Alzheimer disease 4<span class="h1sub">(AD4)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376072</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847200</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>AD4; Alzheimer disease familial type 4; Alzheimer Disease Risk Factor (APOE Genotype)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Genes (locations):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="APOE - ID: 348 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/348" class="medgenPMinfo">APOE</a> (19q13.32); <a target="_blank" title="PSEN2 - ID: 5664 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/5664" class="medgenPMinfo">PSEN2</a> (1q42.13)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0011743" target="_blank">MONDO:0011743</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/606889" target="_blank">606889</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. This disorder usually appears in people older than age 65, but less common forms of the disease appear earlier in adulthood.<br /><br />Memory loss is the most common sign of Alzheimer's disease. Forgetfulness may be subtle at first, but the loss of memory worsens over time until it interferes with most aspects of daily living. Even in familiar settings, a person with Alzheimer's disease may get lost or become confused. Routine tasks such as preparing meals, doing laundry, and performing other household chores can be challenging. Additionally, it may become difficult to recognize people and name objects. Affected people increasingly require help with dressing, eating, and personal care.<br /><br />As the disorder progresses, some people with Alzheimer's disease experience personality and behavioral changes and have trouble interacting in a socially appropriate manner. Other common symptoms include agitation, restlessness, withdrawal, and loss of language skills. People with Alzheimer's disease usually require total care during the advanced stages of the disease.<br /><br />Individuals with Alzheimer's disease usually survive 8 to 10 years after the appearance of symptoms, but the course of the disease can range from 1 to 25 years. Survival is usually shorter in individuals diagnosed after age 80 than in those diagnosed at a younger age. In Alzheimer's disease, death usually results from pneumonia, malnutrition, or general body wasting (inanition).<br /><br />Alzheimer's disease can be classified as early-onset or late-onset. The signs and symptoms of the early-onset form appear between a person's thirties and mid-sixties, while the late-onset form appears during or after a person's mid-sixties. The early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is much less common than the late-onset form, accounting for less than 10 percent of all cases of Alzheimer's disease. [from <a title="MedlinePlus Genetics" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" class="defSource" target="_blank">MedlinePlus Genetics</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1372026"><div><strong>Impairment of activities of daily living</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1372026</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476938</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficulty in performing one or more activities normally performed every day, such as eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, work, homemaking, and leisure.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1372026">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Impairment%20of%20activities%20of%20daily%20living%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201372026%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1375"><div><strong>Aggressive behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aggressive%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201375%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1853"><div><strong>Alzheimer disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1853</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002395</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. This disorder usually appears in people older than age 65, but less common forms of the disease appear earlier in adulthood.\n\nMemory loss is the most common sign of Alzheimer's disease. Forgetfulness may be subtle at first, but the loss of memory worsens over time until it interferes with most aspects of daily living. Even in familiar settings, a person with Alzheimer's disease may get lost or become confused. Routine tasks such as preparing meals, doing laundry, and performing other household chores can be challenging. Additionally, it may become difficult to recognize people and name objects. Affected people increasingly require help with dressing, eating, and personal care.\n\nAs the disorder progresses, some people with Alzheimer's disease experience personality and behavioral changes and have trouble interacting in a socially appropriate manner. Other common symptoms include agitation, restlessness, withdrawal, and loss of language skills. People with Alzheimer's disease usually require total care during the advanced stages of the disease.\n\nIndividuals with Alzheimer's disease usually survive 8 to 10 years after the appearance of symptoms, but the course of the disease can range from 1 to 25 years. Survival is usually shorter in individuals diagnosed after age 80 than in those diagnosed at a younger age. In Alzheimer's disease, death usually results from pneumonia, malnutrition, or general body wasting (inanition).\n\nAlzheimer's disease can be classified as early-onset or late-onset. The signs and symptoms of the early-onset form appear between a person's thirties and mid-sixties, while the late-onset form appears during or after a person's mid-sixties. The early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is much less common than the late-onset form, accounting for less than 10 percent of all cases of Alzheimer's disease.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1853">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201853%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_312"><div><strong>Anomic aphasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>312</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003113</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/312">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anomic%20aphasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20312%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8166"><div><strong>Apraxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8166</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0003635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8166">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Apraxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208166%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3587"><div><strong>Confusion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3587</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009676</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Lack of clarity and coherence of thought, perception, understanding, or action.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3587">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Confusion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203587%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10234"><div><strong>Myoclonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027066</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10234">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myoclonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010234%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39273"><div><strong>Neurofibrillary tangles</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085400</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Pathological protein aggregates formed by hyperphosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein known as tau, causing it to aggregate in an insoluble form.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39273">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurofibrillary%20tangles%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039273%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39083"><div><strong>Apathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085632</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Apathy is a quantitative reduction of interest, motivation and the initiation and persistence of goal-directed behavior, where often the accompanying emotions, thoughts, and social interactions are also diminished. The individual is typically non-reactive to provocations, positive or negative, and appears to not care. Distinguished from lethargy which involves lack of physical or mental energy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39083">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Apathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039083%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68579"><div><strong>Memory impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68579</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0233794</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68579">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Memory%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068579%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_115963"><div><strong>Generalized-onset seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>115963</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0234533</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A generalized-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks. The networks may include cortical and subcortical structures but not necessarily the entire cortex.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/115963">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized-onset%20seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20115963%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83079"><div><strong>Senile plaques</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83079</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333463</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Acquired Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Senile plaques are extracellular deposits of amyloid in the gray matter of the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Senile%20plaques%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083079%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_90932"><div><strong>Cognitive impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90932</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0338656</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90932">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cognitive%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2090932%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99229"><div><strong>Dementia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0497327</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99229">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dementia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099229%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_167920"><div><strong>Circadian rhythm sleep disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167920</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0877792</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any abnormality of an individual's circadian rhythm that affects the timing of sleeping and being awake is referred to as a sleep-wake disorder.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167920">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Circadian%20rhythm%20sleep%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20167920%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_868400"><div><strong>Parietal hypometabolism in FDG PET</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>868400</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4022794</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Reduced uptake of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the parietal cortex as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) brain scan.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/868400">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Parietal%20hypometabolism%20in%20FDG%20PET%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20868400%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870489"><div><strong>Temporal cortical atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4024936</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy of the temporal cortex.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870489">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Temporal%20cortical%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870489%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_38998"><div><strong>Cerebral amyloid angiopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>38998</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0085220</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a condition characterized by an abnormal buildup of protein clumps called amyloid deposits in the blood vessels in the brain, causing vascular disease (angiopathy). People with hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy often have progressive loss of intellectual function (dementia), stroke, and other neurological problems starting in mid-adulthood. Due to neurological decline, this condition is typically fatal in one's sixties, although there is variation depending on the severity of the signs and symptoms. Most affected individuals die within a decade after signs and symptoms first appear, although some people with the disease have survived longer.\n\nThere are many different types of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The different types are distinguished by their genetic cause, which determines whether areas of the brain other than blood vessels are affected, and the signs and symptoms that occur. The various types of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy are named after the regions where they were first diagnosed.\n\nThe Dutch type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy is the most common form. Stroke is frequently the first sign of the Dutch type and is fatal in about one third of people who have this condition. Survivors often develop dementia and have recurrent strokes. About half of individuals with the Dutch type who have one or more strokes will have recurrent seizures (epilepsy).\n\nPeople with the Flemish and Italian types of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy are prone to recurrent strokes and dementia. Individuals with the Piedmont type may have one or more strokes and typically experience impaired movements, numbness or tingling (paresthesias), confusion, or dementia.\n\nTwo types of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, known as familial British dementia and familial Danish dementia, are characterized by dementia and movement problems. Strokes are uncommon in these types. People with the Danish type also have clouding of the lens of the eyes (cataracts) and deafness.\n\nThe first sign of the Icelandic type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy is typically a stroke followed by dementia. Strokes associated with the Icelandic type usually occur earlier than the other types, with individuals typically experiencing their first stroke in their twenties or thirties.\n\nStrokes are rare in people with the Arctic type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, in which the first sign is usually memory loss that then progresses to severe dementia. Strokes are also uncommon in individuals with the Iowa type. This type is characterized by memory loss, problems with vocabulary and the production of speech, personality changes, and involuntary muscle twitches (myoclonus).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/38998">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20amyloid%20angiopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2038998%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_38998" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral amyloid angiopathy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1375" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aggressive behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1853" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alzheimer disease</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_312" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anomic aphasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Apathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8166" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Apraxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_167920" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Circadian rhythm sleep disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_90932" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cognitive impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3587" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Confusion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dementia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_115963" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized-onset seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68579" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Memory impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurofibrillary tangles</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_868400" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Parietal hypometabolism in FDG PET</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83079" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Senile plaques</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870489" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Temporal cortical atrophy</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Constitutional symptom</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1372026" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Impairment of activities of daily living</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0002395[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1853">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1853" target="_blank" href="/omim/104300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1161/" ref="ncbi_uid=1853">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1853" ref="ncbi_uid=1853">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1853&amp;link_uid=1853" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease'">Alzheimer disease</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1863051[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=400197">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=400197" target="_blank" href="/omim/104310">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=400197" ref="ncbi_uid=400197">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/400197" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=400197&amp;link_uid=400197" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 2'">Alzheimer disease 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=381362" target="_blank" href="/omim/605526">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=381362" ref="ncbi_uid=381362">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/381362" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=381362&amp;link_uid=381362" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 6'">Alzheimer disease 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=342907" target="_blank" href="/omim/606187">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342907" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=342907&amp;link_uid=342907" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 7'">Alzheimer disease 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=375956" target="_blank" href="/omim/607116">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/375956" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=375956&amp;link_uid=375956" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 8'">Alzheimer disease 8</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4282179[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=924255">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=924255" target="_blank" href="/omim/605414">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=924255" ref="ncbi_uid=924255">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/924255" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=924255&amp;link_uid=924255" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 9'">Alzheimer disease 9</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=351228" target="_blank" href="/omim/609636">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/351228" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=351228&amp;link_uid=351228" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 10'">Alzheimer disease 10</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=377886" target="_blank" href="/omim/609790">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/377886" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=377886&amp;link_uid=377886" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 11'">Alzheimer disease 11</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=410013" target="_blank" href="/omim/611073">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/410013" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=410013&amp;link_uid=410013" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 12'">Alzheimer disease 12</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370835" target="_blank" href="/omim/611152">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370835" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370835&amp;link_uid=370835" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 13'">Alzheimer disease 13</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=369666" target="_blank" href="/omim/611154">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/369666" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=369666&amp;link_uid=369666" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 14'">Alzheimer disease 14</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=394384" target="_blank" href="/omim/300756">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/394384" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=394384&amp;link_uid=394384" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 16'">Alzheimer disease 16</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=346983" target="_blank" href="/omim/604154">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346983" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=346983&amp;link_uid=346983" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease without neurofibrillary tangles'">Alzheimer disease without neurofibrillary tangles</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN043596[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=448010">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1161/" ref="ncbi_uid=448010">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=448010" ref="ncbi_uid=448010">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/448010" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=448010&amp;link_uid=448010" title="View MedGen record for 'Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease'">Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1843013[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=334304">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=334304" target="_blank" href="/omim/104311">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1161/" ref="ncbi_uid=334304">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=334304" ref="ncbi_uid=334304">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/334304" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=334304&amp;link_uid=334304" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease 3'">Alzheimer disease 3</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1847200[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=376072">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=376072" target="_blank" href="/omim/600759">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1161/" ref="ncbi_uid=376072">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=376072" ref="ncbi_uid=376072">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Alzheimer disease 4</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1863052[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=354892">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=354892" target="_blank" href="/omim/104300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1161/" ref="ncbi_uid=354892">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=354892" ref="ncbi_uid=354892">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/354892" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=354892&amp;link_uid=354892" title="View MedGen record for 'Alzheimer disease type 1'">Alzheimer disease type 1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14336" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of nervous system">Disorder of nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3306" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of the central nervous system">Disorder of the central nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14214" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Brain disorder">Brain disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/99229" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dementia">Dementia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1853" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Alzheimer disease">Alzheimer disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Alzheimer disease 4</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36924888">Causes of Death in Nonmalignant Meningioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gawish HM,
Mohamed KA,
Youssef HMK,
Elmenawi KA,
Karkour AM,
Delev D,
Abdelnaby R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2023 Jul;175:e174-e200.
Epub 2023 Mar 15
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.047.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36924888" target="_blank">36924888</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35210294">Cerebrovascular Reactivity Across the Entire Brain in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beaudin AE,
McCreary CR,
Mazerolle EL,
Gee M,
Sharma B,
Subotic A,
Zwiers AM,
Cox E,
Nelles K,
Charlton A,
Frayne R,
Ismail Z,
Beaulieu C,
Jickling GC,
Camicioli RM,
Pike GB,
Smith EE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2022 Apr 26;98(17):e1716-e1728.
Epub 2022 Feb 24
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200136.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35210294" target="_blank">35210294</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9071369" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2139155">Growth properties and in vitro life span of Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome fibroblasts. A blind study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carmeliet G,
Hauman R,
Dom R,
David G,
Fryns JP,
Van den Berghe H,
Cassiman JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mech Ageing Dev</span>
1990 Mar 31;53(1):17-33.
doi: 10.1016/0047-6374(90)90031-a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2139155" target="_blank">2139155</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36924888">Causes of Death in Nonmalignant Meningioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gawish HM,
Mohamed KA,
Youssef HMK,
Elmenawi KA,
Karkour AM,
Delev D,
Abdelnaby R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2023 Jul;175:e174-e200.
Epub 2023 Mar 15
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.047.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36924888" target="_blank">36924888</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36924888">Causes of Death in Nonmalignant Meningioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gawish HM,
Mohamed KA,
Youssef HMK,
Elmenawi KA,
Karkour AM,
Delev D,
Abdelnaby R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2023 Jul;175:e174-e200.
Epub 2023 Mar 15
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.047.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36924888" target="_blank">36924888</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36924888">Causes of Death in Nonmalignant Meningioma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gawish HM,
Mohamed KA,
Youssef HMK,
Elmenawi KA,
Karkour AM,
Delev D,
Abdelnaby R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
2023 Jul;175:e174-e200.
Epub 2023 Mar 15
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.047.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36924888" target="_blank">36924888</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2139155">Growth properties and in vitro life span of Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome fibroblasts. A blind study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carmeliet G,
Hauman R,
Dom R,
David G,
Fryns JP,
Van den Berghe H,
Cassiman JJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mech Ageing Dev</span>
1990 Mar 31;53(1):17-33.
doi: 10.1016/0047-6374(90)90031-a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2139155" target="_blank">2139155</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27324809">Frailty as a Predictor of Alzheimer Disease, Vascular Dementia, and All Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kojima G,
Taniguchi Y,
Iliffe S,
Walters K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Med Dir Assoc</span>
2016 Oct 1;17(10):881-8.
Epub 2016 Jun 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27324809" target="_blank">27324809</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alzheimer%20disease%204%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
</div>
<div class=" bottom">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1847200%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (22)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1847200%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1847200%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (41)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1847200%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (14)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1847200%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (48)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=606889" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Alzheimer%20disease%204" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=107741%20600759" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=348[geneid]" target="_blank">View APOE variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=5664[geneid]" target="_blank">View PSEN2 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/163954918,167003998" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=606889" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/alzheimer_disease_4_2" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Alzheimer%20disease%204" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alzheimers-disease" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet brieflink">
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<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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