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<!--
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UID=375498
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ConceptID=C1844753
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Block vertebrae</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>375498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844753</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003305">HP:0003305</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">Congenital synostosis between two or more adjacent vertebrae (partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertabral bodies). [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Block vertebrae</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1728335" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology">Abnormal musculoskeletal physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841757" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal joint physiology">Abnormal joint physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868806" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of joint mobility">Abnormality of joint mobility</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/568615" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synostosis of joints">Synostosis of joints</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/480139" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vertebral fusion">Vertebral fusion</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Block vertebrae</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_61236"><div><strong>Aicardi syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>61236</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0175713</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Aicardi syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects primarily females. Initially it was characterized by a typical triad of agenesis of the corpus callosum, central chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. As more affected individuals have been ascertained, it has become clear that not all affected girls have all three features of the classic triad and that other neurologic and systemic defects are common, including other brain malformations, optic nerve abnormalities, other seizure types, intellectual disability of varying severity, and scoliosis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/61236">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82707"><div><strong>Spondylocostal dysostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82707</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265343</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO), defined radiographically as multiple segmentation defects of the vertebrae in combination with abnormalities of the ribs, is characterized clinically by a short trunk in proportion to height; short neck; and non-progressive mild scoliosis in most affected individuals – rarely, more significant scoliosis occurs. Respiratory function in neonates with severe disease may be compromised by reduced size of the thorax. By age two years lung growth may improve sufficiently to support relatively normal growth and development. In severely affected individuals with restricted pulmonary capacity, there is a possibility that pulmonary hypertension may eventually impact cardiac function. Males with SCDO appear to be at increased risk for inguinal hernia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82707">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_336609"><div><strong>Heterotaxy, visceral, 1, X-linked</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336609</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1844020</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Heterotaxy Heterotaxy ('heter' meaning 'other' and 'taxy' meaning 'arrangement'), or situs ambiguus, is a developmental condition characterized by randomization of the placement of visceral organs, including the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and stomach. The organs are oriented randomly with respect to the left-right axis and with respect to one another (Srivastava, 1997). Heterotaxy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Multiple Types of Congenital Heart Defects Congenital heart defects (CHTD) are among the most common congenital defects, occurring with an incidence of 8/1,000 live births. The etiology of CHTD is complex, with contributions from environmental exposure, chromosomal abnormalities, and gene defects. Some patients with CHTD also have cardiac arrhythmias, which may be due to the anatomic defect itself or to surgical interventions (summary by van de Meerakker et al., 2011). Reviews Obler et al. (2008) reviewed published cases of double-outlet right ventricle and discussed etiology and associations. Genetic Heterogeneity of Visceral Heterotaxy See also HTX2 (605376), caused by mutation in the CFC1 gene (605194) on chromosome 2q21; HTX3 (606325), which maps to chromosome 6q21; HTX4 (613751), caused by mutation in the ACVR2B gene (602730) on chromosome 3p22; HTX5 (270100), caused by mutation in the NODAL gene (601265) on chromosome 10q22; HTX6 (614779), caused by mutation in the CCDC11 gene (614759) on chromosome 18q21; HTX7 (616749), caused by mutation in the MMP21 gene (608416) on chromosome 10q26; HTX8 (617205), caused by mutation in the PKD1L1 gene (609721) on chromosome 7p12; HTX9 (618948), caused by mutation in the MNS1 gene (610766) on chromosome 15q21; HTX10 (619607), caused by mutation in the CFAP52 gene (609804) on chromosome 17p13; HTX11 (619608), caused by mutation in the CFAP45 gene (605152) on chromosome 1q23; HTX12 (619702), caused by mutation in the CIROP gene (619703) on chromosome 14q11; HTX13 (621079), caused by mutation in the DAND5 gene (609068) on chromosome 19p13; and HTX14 (621080), caused by mutation in the CIROZ gene (619700) on chromosome 1p36. Genetic Heterogeneity of Multiple Types of Congenital Heart Defects An X-linked form of CHTD, CHTD1, is caused by mutation in the ZIC3 gene on chromosome Xq26. CHTD2 (614980) is caused by mutation in the TAB2 gene (605101) on chromosome 6q25. A form of nonsyndromic congenital heart defects associated with cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances (CHTD3; 614954) has been mapped to chromosome 9q31. CHTD4 (615779) is caused by mutation in the NR2F2 gene (107773) on chromosome 15q26. CHTD5 (617912) is caused by mutation in the GATA5 gene (611496) on chromosome 20q13. CHTD6 (613854) is caused by mutation in the GDF1 gene (602880) on chromosome 19p13. CHTD7 (618780) is caused by mutation in the FLT4 gene (136352) on chromosome 5q35. CHTD8 (619657) is caused by mutation in the SMAD2 gene (601366) on chromosome 18q21. CHTD9 (620294) is caused by mutation in the PLXND1 gene (604282) on chromosome 3q22.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336609">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341339"><div><strong>Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1848934</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The FLNB disorders include a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from mild to severe. At the mild end are spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCT) syndrome and Larsen syndrome; at the severe end are the phenotypic continuum of atelosteogenesis types I (AOI) and III (AOIII) and Piepkorn osteochondrodysplasia (POCD). SCT syndrome is characterized by postnatal disproportionate short stature, scoliosis and lordosis, clubfeet, hearing loss, dental enamel hypoplasia, carpal and tarsal synostosis, and vertebral fusions. Larsen syndrome is characterized by congenital dislocations of the hip, knee, and elbow; clubfeet (equinovarus or equinovalgus foot deformities); scoliosis and cervical kyphosis, which can be associated with a cervical myelopathy; short, broad, spatulate distal phalanges; distinctive craniofacies (prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, malar flattening, and widely spaced eyes); vertebral anomalies; and supernumerary carpal and tarsal bone ossification centers. Individuals with SCT syndrome and Larsen syndrome can have midline cleft palate and hearing loss. AOI and AOIII are characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism; dislocated hips, knees, and elbows; and clubfeet. AOI is lethal in the perinatal period. In individuals with AOIII, survival beyond the neonatal period is possible with intensive and invasive respiratory support. Piepkorn osteochondrodysplasia (POCD) is a perinatal-lethal micromelic dwarfism characterized by flipper-like limbs (polysyndactyly with complete syndactyly of all fingers and toes, hypoplastic or absent first digits, and duplicated intermediate and distal phalanges), macrobrachycephaly, prominant forehead, hypertelorism, and exophthalmos. Occasional features include cleft palate, omphalocele, and cardiac and genitourinary anomalies. The radiographic features at mid-gestation are characteristic.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341339">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341373"><div><strong>Spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1849069</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome is characterized by the association of spondylocostal dysostosis with anal and genitourinary malformations (anal atresia and agenesis of external and internal genitalia). To date, only four cases have been described in the literature. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341373">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462292"><div><strong>Spondylocostal dysostosis 4, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462292</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3150942</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO), defined radiographically as multiple segmentation defects of the vertebrae in combination with abnormalities of the ribs, is characterized clinically by a short trunk in proportion to height; short neck; and non-progressive mild scoliosis in most affected individuals – rarely, more significant scoliosis occurs. Respiratory function in neonates with severe disease may be compromised by reduced size of the thorax. By age two years lung growth may improve sufficiently to support relatively normal growth and development. In severely affected individuals with restricted pulmonary capacity, there is a possibility that pulmonary hypertension may eventually impact cardiac function. Males with SCDO appear to be at increased risk for inguinal hernia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462292">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_501171"><div><strong>Craniofacial microsomia 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>501171</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3495417</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Craniofacial microsomia is a term used to describe a spectrum of abnormalities that primarily affect the development of the skull (cranium) and face before birth. Microsomia means abnormal smallness of body structures. Most people with craniofacial microsomia have differences in the size and shape of facial structures between the right and left sides of the face (facial asymmetry). In about two-thirds of cases, both sides of the face have abnormalities, which usually differ from one side to the other. Other individuals with craniofacial microsomia are affected on only one side of the face. The facial characteristics in craniofacial microsomia typically include underdevelopment of one side of the upper or lower jaw (maxillary or mandibular hypoplasia), which can cause dental problems and difficulties with feeding and speech. In cases of severe mandibular hypoplasia, breathing may also be affected.\n\nPeople with craniofacial microsomia usually have ear abnormalities affecting one or both ears, typically to different degrees. They may have growths of skin (skin tags) in front of the ear (preauricular tags), an underdeveloped or absent external ear (microtia or anotia), or a closed or absent ear canal; these abnormalities may lead to hearing loss. Eye problems are less common in craniofacial microsomia, but some affected individuals have an unusually small eyeball (microphthalmia) or other eye abnormalities that result in vision loss.\n\nAbnormalities in other parts of the body, such as malformed bones of the spine (vertebrae), abnormally shaped kidneys, and heart defects, may also occur in people with craniofacial microsomia.\n\nMany other terms have been used for craniofacial microsomia. These other names generally refer to forms of craniofacial microsomia with specific combinations of signs and symptoms, although sometimes they are used interchangeably. Hemifacial microsomia often refers to craniofacial microsomia with maxillary or mandibular hypoplasia. People with hemifacial microsomia and noncancerous (benign) growths in the eye called epibulbar dermoids may be said to have Goldenhar syndrome or oculoauricular dysplasia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/501171">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_61236" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aicardi syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_501171" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Craniofacial microsomia 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_336609" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Heterotaxy, visceral, 1, X-linked</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82707" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylocostal dysostosis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462292" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylocostal dysostosis 4, autosomal recessive</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondylocostal dysostosis-anal and genitourinary malformations syndrome</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39978942">Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with vertebral abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hu J,
|
||
Zeng L,
|
||
Wang T,
|
||
Yi M,
|
||
Song J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
||
2025 Dec;38(1):2468000.
|
||
Epub 2025 Feb 20
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2025.2468000.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39978942" target="_blank">39978942</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22block%20vertebrae%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32418046">Vertebral, intraspinal and other organ anomalies in congenital scoliosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mohanty SP,
|
||
Pai Kanhangad M,
|
||
Narayana Kurup JK,
|
||
Saiffudeen S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
|
||
2020 Oct;29(10):2449-2456.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 16
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06450-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32418046" target="_blank">32418046</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30722936">Vertebral anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a retrospective analysis of 991 patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Renkema RW,
|
||
Caron CJJM,
|
||
Wolvius EB,
|
||
Rooijers W,
|
||
Schipper JAM,
|
||
Dunaway DJ,
|
||
Forrest CR,
|
||
Koudstaal MJ,
|
||
Padwa BL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2018 Nov;47(11):1365-1372.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jun 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.016.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30722936" target="_blank">30722936</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30196550">Screening of known disease genes in congenital scoliosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takeda K,
|
||
Kou I,
|
||
Mizumoto S,
|
||
Yamada S,
|
||
Kawakami N,
|
||
Nakajima M,
|
||
Otomo N,
|
||
Ogura Y,
|
||
Miyake N,
|
||
Matsumoto N,
|
||
Kotani T,
|
||
Sudo H,
|
||
Yonezawa I,
|
||
Uno K,
|
||
Taneichi H,
|
||
Watanabe K,
|
||
Shigematsu H,
|
||
Sugawara R,
|
||
Taniguchi Y,
|
||
Minami S,
|
||
Nakamura M,
|
||
Matsumoto M;
|
||
Japan Early Onset Scoliosis Research Group,
|
||
Watanabe K,
|
||
Ikegawa S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
|
||
2018 Nov;6(6):966-974.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 9
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.466.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30196550" target="_blank">30196550</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6305645" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28669484">Vertebral anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Renkema RW,
|
||
Caron CJJM,
|
||
Mathijssen IMJ,
|
||
Wolvius EB,
|
||
Dunaway DJ,
|
||
Forrest CR,
|
||
Padwa BL,
|
||
Koudstaal MJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2017 Oct;46(10):1319-1329.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jun 29
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.04.025.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28669484" target="_blank">28669484</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3367068">A study of the progression of congenital scoliosis in non-operated cases.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tanaka T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi</span>
|
||
1988 Jan;62(1):9-22.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3367068" target="_blank">3367068</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39978942">Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with vertebral abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hu J,
|
||
Zeng L,
|
||
Wang T,
|
||
Yi M,
|
||
Song J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
||
2025 Dec;38(1):2468000.
|
||
Epub 2025 Feb 20
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2025.2468000.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39978942" target="_blank">39978942</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34723699">Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Fetal Spine Anomalies with Postnatal Correlation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aboughalia H,
|
||
Noda S,
|
||
Chapman T,
|
||
Revzin MV,
|
||
Deutsch GH,
|
||
Browd SR,
|
||
Katz DS,
|
||
Moshiri M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiographics</span>
|
||
2021 Nov-Dec;41(7):2176-2192.
|
||
doi: 10.1148/rg.2021210066.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34723699" target="_blank">34723699</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30722936">Vertebral anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a retrospective analysis of 991 patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Renkema RW,
|
||
Caron CJJM,
|
||
Wolvius EB,
|
||
Rooijers W,
|
||
Schipper JAM,
|
||
Dunaway DJ,
|
||
Forrest CR,
|
||
Koudstaal MJ,
|
||
Padwa BL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2018 Nov;47(11):1365-1372.
|
||
Epub 2018 Jun 22
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.016.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30722936" target="_blank">30722936</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30196550">Screening of known disease genes in congenital scoliosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takeda K,
|
||
Kou I,
|
||
Mizumoto S,
|
||
Yamada S,
|
||
Kawakami N,
|
||
Nakajima M,
|
||
Otomo N,
|
||
Ogura Y,
|
||
Miyake N,
|
||
Matsumoto N,
|
||
Kotani T,
|
||
Sudo H,
|
||
Yonezawa I,
|
||
Uno K,
|
||
Taneichi H,
|
||
Watanabe K,
|
||
Shigematsu H,
|
||
Sugawara R,
|
||
Taniguchi Y,
|
||
Minami S,
|
||
Nakamura M,
|
||
Matsumoto M;
|
||
Japan Early Onset Scoliosis Research Group,
|
||
Watanabe K,
|
||
Ikegawa S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Genomic Med</span>
|
||
2018 Nov;6(6):966-974.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 9
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.466.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30196550" target="_blank">30196550</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6305645" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28669484">Vertebral anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Renkema RW,
|
||
Caron CJJM,
|
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Mathijssen IMJ,
|
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Wolvius EB,
|
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Dunaway DJ,
|
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Forrest CR,
|
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Padwa BL,
|
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Koudstaal MJ</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
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2017 Oct;46(10):1319-1329.
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Epub 2017 Jun 29
|
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doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.04.025.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28669484" target="_blank">28669484</a></div>
|
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29127511">Adjacent segment degeneration after intervertebral fusion surgery by means of cervical block vertebrae.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma X,
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Du Y,
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Wang S,
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Ma J,
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Wang T,
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Kuang M,
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Ma B</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
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2018 Jun;27(6):1401-1407.
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Epub 2017 Nov 10
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doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5371-5.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29127511" target="_blank">29127511</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27567725">Internal anomalies in thalidomide embryopathy: results of imaging screening by CT and MRI.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tajima T,
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Wada T,
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Yoshizawa A,
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Masuda T,
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Okafuji T,
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Nakayama T,
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Hasuo K</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Radiol</span>
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2016 Nov;71(11):1199.e1-7.
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Epub 2016 Aug 25
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doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.07.015.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27567725" target="_blank">27567725</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20948461">Posterior multilevel vertebral osteotomy for severe and rigid idiopathic and nonidiopathic kyphoscoliosis: a further experience with minimum two-year follow-up.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Modi HN,
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Suh SW,
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Hong JY,
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Yang JH</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</span>
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2011 Jun 15;36(14):1146-53.
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doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f39d9b.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20948461" target="_blank">20948461</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21327144">Cervical Klippel-Feil syndrome predisposing an elderly African man to central cord myelopathy following minor trauma.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Adeleye AO,
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Akinyemi RO</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Afr Health Sci</span>
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2010 Sep;10(3):302-4.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21327144" target="_blank">21327144</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3035964" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15964113">Congenital cervical block vertebrae are associated with caudally adjacent discs.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leivseth G,
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Frobin W,
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Brinckmann P</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Biomech (Bristol)</span>
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2005 Aug;20(7):669-74.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15964113" target="_blank">15964113</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39978942">Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with vertebral abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hu J,
|
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Zeng L,
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Wang T,
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Yi M,
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Song J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
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2025 Dec;38(1):2468000.
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Epub 2025 Feb 20
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2025.2468000.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39978942" target="_blank">39978942</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34723699">Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Fetal Spine Anomalies with Postnatal Correlation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aboughalia H,
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Noda S,
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Chapman T,
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Revzin MV,
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Deutsch GH,
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Browd SR,
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Katz DS,
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Moshiri M</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiographics</span>
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2021 Nov-Dec;41(7):2176-2192.
|
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doi: 10.1148/rg.2021210066.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34723699" target="_blank">34723699</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32418046">Vertebral, intraspinal and other organ anomalies in congenital scoliosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mohanty SP,
|
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Pai Kanhangad M,
|
||
Narayana Kurup JK,
|
||
Saiffudeen S</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
|
||
2020 Oct;29(10):2449-2456.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 16
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06450-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32418046" target="_blank">32418046</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18056499">Natural history of thoracic insufficiency syndrome: a spondylothoracic dysplasia perspective.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramírez N,
|
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Cornier AS,
|
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Campbell RM Jr,
|
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Carlo S,
|
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Arroyo S,
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Romeu J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
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2007 Dec;89(12):2663-75.
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doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.01085.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18056499" target="_blank">18056499</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8159620">Spondylocostal dysostosis with perinatal death and meningomyelocele.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodriguez MM,
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Mejias A Jr,
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Haun RL,
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Mata MB,
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Bruce JH</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Pathol</span>
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1994 Jan-Feb;14(1):53-9.
|
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doi: 10.3109/15513819409022025.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8159620" target="_blank">8159620</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39978942">Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with vertebral abnormalities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hu J,
|
||
Zeng L,
|
||
Wang T,
|
||
Yi M,
|
||
Song J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med</span>
|
||
2025 Dec;38(1):2468000.
|
||
Epub 2025 Feb 20
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2025.2468000.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39978942" target="_blank">39978942</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32418046">Vertebral, intraspinal and other organ anomalies in congenital scoliosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mohanty SP,
|
||
Pai Kanhangad M,
|
||
Narayana Kurup JK,
|
||
Saiffudeen S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
|
||
2020 Oct;29(10):2449-2456.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 16
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06450-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32418046" target="_blank">32418046</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29127511">Adjacent segment degeneration after intervertebral fusion surgery by means of cervical block vertebrae.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ma X,
|
||
Du Y,
|
||
Wang S,
|
||
Ma J,
|
||
Wang T,
|
||
Kuang M,
|
||
Ma B</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
|
||
2018 Jun;27(6):1401-1407.
|
||
Epub 2017 Nov 10
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5371-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29127511" target="_blank">29127511</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22327454">Prevalence and patterns of scoliosis in children with multiple pterygium syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joo S,
|
||
Rogers KJ,
|
||
Donohoe M,
|
||
King MM,
|
||
Kumar SJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
|
||
2012 Mar;32(2):190-5.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31823ab359.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22327454" target="_blank">22327454</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18056499">Natural history of thoracic insufficiency syndrome: a spondylothoracic dysplasia perspective.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramírez N,
|
||
Cornier AS,
|
||
Campbell RM Jr,
|
||
Carlo S,
|
||
Arroyo S,
|
||
Romeu J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
|
||
2007 Dec;89(12):2663-75.
|
||
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.01085.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18056499" target="_blank">18056499</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (13)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28669484">Vertebral anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Renkema RW,
|
||
Caron CJJM,
|
||
Mathijssen IMJ,
|
||
Wolvius EB,
|
||
Dunaway DJ,
|
||
Forrest CR,
|
||
Padwa BL,
|
||
Koudstaal MJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg</span>
|
||
2017 Oct;46(10):1319-1329.
|
||
Epub 2017 Jun 29
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.04.025.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28669484" target="_blank">28669484</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Block%20vertebrae%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
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|
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|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Block%20vertebrae" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22block%20vertebrae%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Block%20vertebrae" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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