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<meta name="keywords" content="C1837826, cleft lower eyelid, coloboma of inferior eyelid, coloboma of lower eyelid, coloboma of lower lid, coloboma of the lower eyelids, coloboma, lower eyelid, disease or syndrome, finding, full thickness defect of the lower eyelid, inferior palpebral coloboma, lower eyelid coloboma, lower lid coloboma, notched lower eyelid, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A short discontinuity of the margin of the lower eyelid." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Lower eyelid coloboma (Concept Id: C1837826)
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<!--
UID=373417
ConceptID=C1837826
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Lower eyelid coloboma</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373417</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837826</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome; Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Coloboma of lower eyelid; Coloboma of lower lid; Coloboma of the lower eyelids; Coloboma, lower eyelid; Lower lid coloboma</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Inferior palpebral coloboma (763133008); Coloboma of inferior eyelid (763133008); Coloboma of lower eyelid (763133008)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000652">HP:0000652</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0015481" target="_blank">MONDO:0015481</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=155889">ORPHA155889</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A short discontinuity of the margin of the lower eyelid. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1837826[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=373417">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Lower eyelid coloboma</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871367" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the orbital region">Abnormality of the orbital region</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1670962" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the ocular adnexa">Abnormality of the ocular adnexa</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/893067" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ocular adnexa morphology">Abnormal ocular adnexa morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867429" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal eyelid morphology">Abnormal eyelid morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869035" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyelid">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyelid</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/141737" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Eyelid coloboma">Eyelid coloboma</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Lower eyelid coloboma</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_66078"><div><strong>Treacher Collins syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66078</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0242387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by lower eyelid abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, downslanted palpebral fissures, and micro- or retrognathia due to symmetric hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones, maxilla, and mandible. External ear anomalies include absent, small, malformed, and/or posteriorly rotated ears and atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canals. About 40%-50% of individuals have conductive hearing loss attributed most commonly to malformation of the ossicles and hypoplasia of the middle ear cavities. Inner ear structures tend to be normal. Significant respiratory and feeding difficulties can be present in infancy. Other, less common abnormalities include cleft palate and unilateral or bilateral choanal stenosis or atresia. Typically, intellect is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66078">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120519"><div><strong>Nager syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120519</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265245</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nager syndrome is the prototype for a group of disorders collectively referred to as the acrofacial dysostoses (AFDs), which are characterized by malformation of the craniofacial skeleton and the limbs. The major facial features of Nager syndrome include downslanted palpebral fissures, midface retrusion, and micrognathia, the latter of which often requires the placement of a tracheostomy in early childhood. Limb defects typically involve the anterior (radial) elements of the upper limbs and manifest as small or absent thumbs, triphalangeal thumbs, radial hypoplasia or aplasia, and radioulnar synostosis. Phocomelia of the upper limbs and, occasionally, lower-limb defects have also been reported. The presence of anterior upper-limb defects and the typical lack of lower-limb involvement distinguishes Nager syndrome from Miller syndrome (263750), another rare AFD; however, distinguishing Nager syndrome from other AFDs, including Miller syndrome, can be challenging (summary by Bernier et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120519">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_318965"><div><strong>Syndromic orbital border hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>318965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1833795</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Syndromic orbital border hypoplasia is a rare disorder observed in two families to date and characterized by agenesis of the orbital margin, varying defects of the lacrimal passages, hypoplasia of the palpebral skin and tarsal plates and atresia of the nasolacrimal duct.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/318965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325265"><div><strong>Choanal atresia-hearing loss-cardiac defects-craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325265</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837822</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TXNL4A-related craniofacial disorders comprise a range of phenotypes that includes: isolated choanal atresia; choanal atresia with minor anomalies; and Burn-McKeown syndrome (BMKS), which is characterized by typical craniofacial features (bilateral choanal atresia/stenosis, short palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower eyelids, prominent nasal bridge with widely spaced eyes, short philtrum, thin vermilion of the upper lip, and prominent ears). Hearing loss is common and cardiac defects and short stature have been reported. Intellectual disability is rare.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325265">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337894"><div><strong>Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337894</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849718</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-1 (BPS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple popliteal pterygia, ankyloblepharon, filiform bands between the jaws, cleft lip and palate, and syndactyly. Early lethality is common, although survival into childhood and beyond has been reported (summary by Mitchell et al., 2012).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartsocas-Papas Syndrome&#13; Bartsocas-Papas syndrome-2 (BPS2) is caused by mutation in the CHUK gene (600664).&#13; A less severe form of popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS; 119500) is caused by mutation in the IRF6 gene (607199).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337894">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340868"><div><strong>Treacher Collins syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340868</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855433</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by lower eyelid abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, downslanted palpebral fissures, and micro- or retrognathia due to symmetric hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones, maxilla, and mandible. External ear anomalies include absent, small, malformed, and/or posteriorly rotated ears and atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canals. About 40%-50% of individuals have conductive hearing loss attributed most commonly to malformation of the ossicles and hypoplasia of the middle ear cavities. Inner ear structures tend to be normal. Significant respiratory and feeding difficulties can be present in infancy. Other, less common abnormalities include cleft palate and unilateral or bilateral choanal stenosis or atresia. Typically, intellect is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340868">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357183"><div><strong>Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357183</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1867020</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome is characterized by aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp, breast anomalies that range from hypothelia or athelia to amastia, and minor anomalies of the external ears. Less frequent clinical characteristics include nail dystrophy, dental anomalies, cutaneous syndactyly of the digits, and renal malformations. Penetrance appears to be high, although there is substantial variable expressivity within families (Marneros et al., 2013).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357183">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_358378"><div><strong>Nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358378</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868660</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome (NPLCS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by upper eyelid and nasopalpebral lipomas, colobomas of upper and lower eyelids, telecanthus, and maxillary hypoplasia (summary by Suresh et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358378">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462333"><div><strong>Treacher Collins syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462333</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150983</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by lower eyelid abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, downslanted palpebral fissures, and micro- or retrognathia due to symmetric hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones, maxilla, and mandible. External ear anomalies include absent, small, malformed, and/or posteriorly rotated ears and atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canals. About 40%-50% of individuals have conductive hearing loss attributed most commonly to malformation of the ossicles and hypoplasia of the middle ear cavities. Inner ear structures tend to be normal. Significant respiratory and feeding difficulties can be present in infancy. Other, less common abnormalities include cleft palate and unilateral or bilateral choanal stenosis or atresia. Typically, intellect is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462333">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_903483"><div><strong>Acrofacial dysostosis Cincinnati type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>903483</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The Cincinnati type of acrofacial dysostosis is a ribosomopathy characterized by a spectrum of mandibulofacial dysostosis phenotypes, with or without extrafacial skeletal defects (Weaver et al., 2015). In addition, a significant number of neurologic abnormalities have been reported, ranging from mild delays to refractory epilepsy, as well as an increased incidence of congenital heart defects, primarily septal in nature (Smallwood et al., 2023).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/903483">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_898794"><div><strong>Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225349</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mandibulofacial dysostosis with the association with scalp alopecia and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. Craniofacial dysmorphic features include zygomatic and mandibular dysplasia or hypoplasia, cleft palate, micrognathia, dental anomalies, auricular dysmorphism and eyelid anomalies among others. Patients may experience limited jaw mobility, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction and conductive hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898794">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1712280"><div><strong>Treacher Collins syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1712280</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394546</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by lower eyelid abnormalities, malar hypoplasia, downslanted palpebral fissures, and micro- or retrognathia due to symmetric hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones, maxilla, and mandible. External ear anomalies include absent, small, malformed, and/or posteriorly rotated ears and atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canals. About 40%-50% of individuals have conductive hearing loss attributed most commonly to malformation of the ossicles and hypoplasia of the middle ear cavities. Inner ear structures tend to be normal. Significant respiratory and feeding difficulties can be present in infancy. Other, less common abnormalities include cleft palate and unilateral or bilateral choanal stenosis or atresia. Typically, intellect is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1712280">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_903483" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acrofacial dysostosis Cincinnati type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337894" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325265" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Choanal atresia-hearing loss-cardiac defects-craniofacial dysmorphism syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_898794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120519" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nager syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (12)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_358378" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357183" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Scalp-ear-nipple syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_318965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndromic orbital border hypoplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_66078" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Treacher Collins syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462333" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Treacher Collins syndrome 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340868" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Treacher Collins syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1712280" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Treacher Collins syndrome 4</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22423421">Challenges in evaluation, management and outcome of the patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chowchuen B,
Jenwitheesuk K,
Chowchuen P,
Surakunprapha P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
2011 Dec;94 Suppl 6:S85-90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22423421" target="_blank">22423421</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22lower%20eyelid%20coloboma%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34714179">Phenotypic and Molecular Heterogeneity in Mandibulofacial Dysostoses: A Case Series From India.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shenoy RD,
Shetty V,
Dheedene A,
Menten B,
Pandyanda Nanjappa D,
Chakraborty G,
Sips P,
de Paepe A,
Callewaert B,
Chakraborty A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleft Palate Craniofac J</span>
2022 Nov;59(11):1346-1351.
Epub 2021 Oct 29
doi: 10.1177/10556656211050006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34714179" target="_blank">34714179</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24275777">Heminasal proboscis, a rare craniofacial cleft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hassani ME,
Karimi H,
Hassani H,
Hassani A,
Jalili-Manesh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2014 Jan;25(1):e7-9.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2ec3a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24275777" target="_blank">24275777</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20186077">Oral-nasal-ocular cleft: the greatest challenge among the rare clefts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">da Silva Freitas R,
Alonso N,
Busato L,
Ueda WK,
Hota T,
Medeiros SH,
Kunz RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2010 Mar;21(2):390-5.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181cfa6b1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20186077" target="_blank">20186077</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19496496">Congenital eyelid colobomas in 51 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grover AK,
Chaudhuri Z,
Malik S,
Bageja S,
Menon V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</span>
2009 May-Jun;46(3):151-9.
doi: 10.3928/01913913-20090505-06.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19496496" target="_blank">19496496</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18971735">Tessier no. 4 facial cleft: evolution of surgical treatment in a large series of patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alonso N,
Freitas RDS,
de Oliveira E Cruz GA,
Goldenberg D,
Dall'Oglio Tolazzi AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2008 Nov;122(5):1505-1513.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318188209c.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18971735" target="_blank">18971735</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lower%20eyelid%20coloboma%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24275777">Heminasal proboscis, a rare craniofacial cleft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hassani ME,
Karimi H,
Hassani H,
Hassani A,
Jalili-Manesh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2014 Jan;25(1):e7-9.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2ec3a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24275777" target="_blank">24275777</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22423421">Challenges in evaluation, management and outcome of the patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chowchuen B,
Jenwitheesuk K,
Chowchuen P,
Surakunprapha P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Assoc Thai</span>
2011 Dec;94 Suppl 6:S85-90.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22423421" target="_blank">22423421</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15931546">Characteristic ocular findings in patients with craniofacial cleft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim S,
Hwang JM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</span>
2005 May;243(5):490-2.
Epub 2004 Dec 11
doi: 10.1007/s00417-004-1069-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15931546" target="_blank">15931546</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11476702">Congenital intraocular teratoma associated with eyelid coloboma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leventer DB,
Corona J,
Linberg JV,
McCormick SA,
Morgenstern K,
Schwartz TL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Ophthalmol</span>
2001 Aug;132(2):277-9.
doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(01)00827-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11476702" target="_blank">11476702</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lower%20eyelid%20coloboma%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24275777">Heminasal proboscis, a rare craniofacial cleft.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hassani ME,
Karimi H,
Hassani H,
Hassani A,
Jalili-Manesh M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2014 Jan;25(1):e7-9.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a2ec3a.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24275777" target="_blank">24275777</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20186077">Oral-nasal-ocular cleft: the greatest challenge among the rare clefts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">da Silva Freitas R,
Alonso N,
Busato L,
Ueda WK,
Hota T,
Medeiros SH,
Kunz RT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2010 Mar;21(2):390-5.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181cfa6b1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20186077" target="_blank">20186077</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18971735">Tessier no. 4 facial cleft: evolution of surgical treatment in a large series of patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alonso N,
Freitas RDS,
de Oliveira E Cruz GA,
Goldenberg D,
Dall'Oglio Tolazzi AR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2008 Nov;122(5):1505-1513.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318188209c.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18971735" target="_blank">18971735</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lower%20eyelid%20coloboma%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20583178">Mandibulofacial dysostosis, severe lower eyelid coloboma, cleft palate, and alopecia: A new distinct form of mandibulofacial dysostosis or a severe form of Johnson-McMillin syndrome?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zechi-Ceide RM,
Guion-Almeida ML,
Jehee FS,
Rocha K,
Passos-Bueno MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2010 Jul;152A(7):1838-40.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33477.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20583178" target="_blank">20583178</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19496496">Congenital eyelid colobomas in 51 patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grover AK,
Chaudhuri Z,
Malik S,
Bageja S,
Menon V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</span>
2009 May-Jun;46(3):151-9.
doi: 10.3928/01913913-20090505-06.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19496496" target="_blank">19496496</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16523509">A novel oculo-oto-facial dysplasia in a Native Alaskan community with autosomal recessive inheritance.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hing AV,
Leblond C,
Sze RW,
Starr JR,
Monks S,
Parisi MA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2006 Apr 15;140(8):804-12.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31160.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16523509" target="_blank">16523509</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lower%20eyelid%20coloboma%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
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<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1837826%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
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