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<meta name="keywords" content="C1969623, disease or syndrome, legius syndrome, lgss, neurofibromatosis 1-like syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 like syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome, nf1-like syndrome, nfls, nfls - neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome, spred1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Legius syndrome is characterized by multiple café au lait macules without neurofibromas or other tumor manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Additional clinical manifestations reported commonly include intertriginous freckling, lipomas, macrocephaly, and learning disabilities / attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / developmental delays. Current knowledge of the natural history of Legius syndrome is based on the clinical manifestations of fewer than 300 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis; better delineation of the clinical manifestations and natural history of Legius syndrome will likely occur as more affected individuals are identified." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=370709
ConceptID=C1969623
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Legius syndrome<span class="h1sub">(NFLS; LGSS)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>370709</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969623</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Neurofibromatosis type 1 like syndrome</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Legius syndrome (703541007); NFLS - neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (703541007); Neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (703541007)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="SPRED1 - ID: 161742 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/161742" class="medgenPMinfo">SPRED1</a> (15q14)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0012669" target="_blank">MONDO:0012669</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/611431" target="_blank">611431</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=137605">ORPHA137605</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK47312" target="_blank">Legius Syndrome</a></div><div>Legius syndrome is characterized by multiple café au lait macules without neurofibromas or other tumor manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Additional clinical manifestations reported commonly include intertriginous freckling, lipomas, macrocephaly, and learning disabilities / attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) / developmental delays. Current knowledge of the natural history of Legius syndrome is based on the clinical manifestations of fewer than 300 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis; better delineation of the clinical manifestations and natural history of Legius syndrome will likely occur as more affected individuals are identified. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Summary" target="NBK47312">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Diagnosis" target="NBK47312">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK47312">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disor" target="NBK47312">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK47312">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Management" target="NBK47312">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK47312">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Resources" target="NBK47312">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK47312">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK47312">Chapter Notes</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK47312#legius.References" target="NBK47312">References</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Eric Legius  |  David Stevenson   <a href="/books/NBK47312" target="NBK47312" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Legius Syndrome">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Legius syndrome (LGSS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that shows some similarities to neurofibromatosis type I (NF1; 162200), which is caused by mutation in the neurofibromin gene (613113); however, Legius syndrome is less severe. Individuals with Legius syndrome typically have multiple cafe-au-lait spots, sometimes associated with skin fold freckling, variable dysmorphic features such as hypertelorism or macrocephaly, lipomas, and mild learning disabilities or attention problems. Legius syndrome is not associated with neurofibromas, optic gliomas, Lisch nodules, or tumor predisposition. The SPRED1 gene encodes a negative regulator of the RAS-MAPK pathway, similar to neurofibromin, and thus may be considered a RASopathy (review by Brems et al., 2012).  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/611431">http://www.omim.org/entry/611431</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Legius syndrome is a condition characterized by changes in skin coloring (pigmentation). Almost all affected individuals have multiple café-au-lait spots, which are flat patches on the skin that are darker than the surrounding area. Another pigmentation change, freckles in the armpits and groin, may occur in some affected individuals.<br /><br />Other signs and symptoms of Legius syndrome may include an abnormally large head (macrocephaly) and unusual facial characteristics. Although most people with Legius syndrome have normal intelligence, some affected individuals have been diagnosed with learning disabilities, attention-deficit disorder (ADD), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<br /><br />Many of the signs and symptoms of Legius syndrome also occur in a similar disorder called neurofibromatosis type 1. It can be difficult to tell the two disorders apart in early childhood. However, the features of the two disorders differ later in life.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/legius-syndrome">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/legius-syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_677074"><div><strong>Multiple lipomas</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>677074</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0745730</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of multiple lipomas (a type of benign tissue made of fatty tissue).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/677074">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Multiple%20lipomas%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20677074%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_481842"><div><strong>Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481842</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3280212</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A cardiovascular malformation associated with narrowing at the level of the pulmonary sinotubular junction above the pulmonic valve.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481842">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Supravalvular%20pulmonary%20stenosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20481842%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96566"><div><strong>Posteriorly rotated ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96566</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431478</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96566">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Posteriorly%20rotated%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096566%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_45058"><div><strong>Neurofibroma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>45058</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that generally appears as a soft, skin-colored papule or small subcutaneous nodule. Individuals with neurofibromatosis can have numerous neurofibromas.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/45058">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Neurofibroma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2045058%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_220387"><div><strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>220387</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1263846</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.\n\nIn people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.\n\nHyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.\n\nImpulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.\n\nIn most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.\n\nMore than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/220387">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20220387%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_871302"><div><strong>Specific learning disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>871302</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4025790</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/871302">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Specific%20learning%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20871302%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_781174"><div><strong>Pectus excavatum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>781174</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2051831</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/781174">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pectus%20excavatum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20781174%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_745757"><div><strong>Macrocephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>745757</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2243051</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/745757">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Macrocephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20745757%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66814"><div><strong>High palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98391"><div><strong>Downslanted palpebral fissures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423110</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98391">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downslanted%20palpebral%20fissures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098391%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99267"><div><strong>Short neck</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99267</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0521525</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diminished length of the neck.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99267">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20neck%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099267%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_151862"><div><strong>Epicanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>151862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0678230</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/151862">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epicanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20151862%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324383"><div><strong>Triangular face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324383</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1835884</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324383">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Triangular%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324383%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324787"><div><strong>High, narrow palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324787</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a high and narrow palate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324787">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%2C%20narrow%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324787%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_383755"><div><strong>Low posterior hairline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383755</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1855728</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hair on the neck extends more inferiorly than usual.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383755">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low%20posterior%20hairline%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20383755%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_5272"><div><strong>Freckling</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>5272</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0016689</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/5272">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Freckling%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%205272%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113157"><div><strong>Cafe-au-lait spot</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113157</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221263</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cafe-au-lait spots are hyperpigmented lesions that can vary in color from light brown to dark brown with smooth borders and having a size of 1.5 cm or more in adults and 0.5 cm or more in children.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113157">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cafe-au-lait%20spot%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113157%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_320315"><div><strong>Inguinal freckling</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>320315</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834297</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence in the inguinal region (groin) of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/320315">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Inguinal%20freckling%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20320315%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_348082"><div><strong>Axillary freckling</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>348082</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1860335</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence in the axillary region (armpit) of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/348082">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Axillary%20freckling%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20348082%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2287"><div><strong>Ptosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2287</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0005745</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2287">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ptosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202287%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9373"><div><strong>Hypertelorism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9373</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9373">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypertelorism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209373%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downslanted palpebral fissures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_151862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epicanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324787" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High, narrow palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_383755" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low posterior hairline</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99267" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short neck</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324383" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Triangular face</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_481842" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9373" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertelorism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2287" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ptosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_348082" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Axillary freckling</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113157" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cafe-au-lait spot</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_5272" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Freckling</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_320315" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Inguinal freckling</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_745757" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrocephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_781174" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pectus excavatum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_220387" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_45058" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurofibroma</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_871302" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Specific learning disability</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96566" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Posteriorly rotated ears</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Neoplasm</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_677074" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple lipomas</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5555857[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1792298">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1792298" ref="ncbi_uid=1792298">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1792298" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1792298&amp;link_uid=1792298" title="View MedGen record for 'RASopathy'">RASopathy</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN029449[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1186/" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=852267" ref="ncbi_uid=852267">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/852267" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=852267&amp;link_uid=852267" title="View MedGen record for 'Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1'">Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0587248[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=108454" target="_blank" href="/omim/190020">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1507/" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=108454" ref="ncbi_uid=108454">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/108454" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=108454&amp;link_uid=108454" title="View MedGen record for 'Costello syndrome'">Costello syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551558[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1647111">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1647111" target="_blank" href="/omim/135300">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1647111" ref="ncbi_uid=1647111">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1647111" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1647111&amp;link_uid=1647111" title="View MedGen record for 'Fibromatosis, gingival, 1'">Fibromatosis, gingival, 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0349639[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=138109">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=138109" target="_blank" href="/omim/165360">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=138109" ref="ncbi_uid=138109">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/138109" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=138109&amp;link_uid=138109" title="View MedGen record for 'Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia'">Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia</a></span></li><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969623[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370709" target="_blank" href="/omim/609291">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK47312/" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370709" ref="ncbi_uid=370709">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Legius syndrome</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0410530[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=98377">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=98377" target="_blank" href="/omim/156250">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=98377" ref="ncbi_uid=98377">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98377" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=98377&amp;link_uid=98377" title="View MedGen record for 'Metachondromatosis'">Metachondromatosis</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0027831[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">C</a></span><span class="chiclet Rcolor round" title="Research test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0027831[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Research&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">R</a></span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=18013" target="_blank" href="/omim/162200">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1109%20OR%20NBK1294)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=18013" ref="ncbi_uid=18013">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18013" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=18013&amp;link_uid=18013" title="View MedGen record for 'Neurofibromatosis, type 1'">Neurofibromatosis, type 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0028326[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=18073" target="_blank" href="/omim/163950">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=18073" ref="ncbi_uid=18073">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18073" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=18073&amp;link_uid=18073" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome'">Noonan syndrome</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551602[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1638960" target="_blank" href="/omim/163950">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1638960" ref="ncbi_uid=1638960">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1638960" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1638960&amp;link_uid=1638960" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 1'">Noonan syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1854469[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=344290" target="_blank" href="/omim/600574">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=344290" ref="ncbi_uid=344290">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/344290" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=344290&amp;link_uid=344290" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 2'">Noonan syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1860991[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=349931" target="_blank" href="/omim/190070">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=349931" ref="ncbi_uid=349931">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349931" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=349931&amp;link_uid=349931" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 3'">Noonan syndrome 3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853120[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=339908" target="_blank" href="/omim/182530">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=339908" ref="ncbi_uid=339908">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/339908" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=339908&amp;link_uid=339908" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 4'">Noonan syndrome 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969057[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370589" target="_blank" href="/omim/164760">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370589" ref="ncbi_uid=370589">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370589" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370589&amp;link_uid=370589" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 5'">Noonan syndrome 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2750732[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=413028" target="_blank" href="/omim/164790">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=413028" ref="ncbi_uid=413028">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/413028" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=413028&amp;link_uid=413028" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 6'">Noonan syndrome 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150970[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462320" target="_blank" href="/omim/164757">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462320" ref="ncbi_uid=462320">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462320" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462320&amp;link_uid=462320" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 7'">Noonan syndrome 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3809233[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=815563" target="_blank" href="/omim/609591">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1124/" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=815563" ref="ncbi_uid=815563">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815563" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=815563&amp;link_uid=815563" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome 8'">Noonan syndrome 8</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0175704[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=104494" target="_blank" href="/omim/151100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=104494" ref="ncbi_uid=104494">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/104494" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=104494&amp;link_uid=104494" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines'">Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines</a></span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551484[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1631694" target="_blank" href="/omim/151100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1631694" ref="ncbi_uid=1631694">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1631694" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1631694&amp;link_uid=1631694" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 1'">LEOPARD syndrome 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1969056[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=370588" target="_blank" href="/omim/164760">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370588" ref="ncbi_uid=370588">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370588" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=370588&amp;link_uid=370588" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 2'">LEOPARD syndrome 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3150971[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=462321" target="_blank" href="/omim/164757">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1383/" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=462321" ref="ncbi_uid=462321">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/462321" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=462321&amp;link_uid=462321" title="View MedGen record for 'LEOPARD syndrome 3'">LEOPARD syndrome 3</a></span></li></ul></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4478716[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1379805">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1379805" target="_blank" href="/omim/602775">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1379805" ref="ncbi_uid=1379805">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1379805" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1379805&amp;link_uid=1379805" title="View MedGen record for 'Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 1'">Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair 1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the integument">Abnormality of the integument</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1845238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skin">Abnormality of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869110" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skin morphology">Abnormal skin morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/224697" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of skin pigmentation">Abnormality of skin pigmentation</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57992" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hyperpigmentation of the skin">Hyperpigmentation of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Legius syndrome</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=16684&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Legius syndrome</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34928431">Challenges in the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in young children facilitated by means of revised diagnostic criteria including genetic testing for pathogenic NF1 gene variants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kehrer-Sawatzki H,
Cooper DN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Genet</span>
2022 Feb;141(2):177-191.
Epub 2021 Dec 20
doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02410-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34928431" target="_blank">34928431</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8807470" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34012067">Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: an international consensus recommendation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Legius E,
Messiaen L,
Wolkenstein P,
Pancza P,
Avery RA,
Berman Y,
Blakeley J,
Babovic-Vuksanovic D,
Cunha KS,
Ferner R,
Fisher MJ,
Friedman JM,
Gutmann DH,
Kehrer-Sawatzki H,
Korf BR,
Mautner VF,
Peltonen S,
Rauen KA,
Riccardi V,
Schorry E,
Stemmer-Rachamimov A,
Stevenson DA,
Tadini G,
Ullrich NJ,
Viskochil D,
Wimmer K,
Yohay K;
International Consensus Group on Neurofibromatosis Diagnostic Criteria (I-NF-DC),
Huson SM,
Evans DG,
Plotkin SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2021 Aug;23(8):1506-1513.
Epub 2021 May 19
doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01170-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34012067" target="_blank">34012067</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8354850" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27322474">Comprehensive RNA Analysis of the NF1 Gene in Classically Affected NF1 Affected Individuals Meeting NIH Criteria has High Sensitivity and Mutation Negative Testing is Reassuring in Isolated Cases With Pigmentary Features Only.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Evans DG,
Bowers N,
Burkitt-Wright E,
Miles E,
Garg S,
Scott-Kitching V,
Penman-Splitt M,
Dobbie A,
Howard E,
Ealing J,
Vassalo G,
Wallace AJ,
Newman W;
Northern UK NF1 Research Network,
Huson SM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EBioMedicine</span>
2016 May;7:212-20.
Epub 2016 Apr 13
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27322474" target="_blank">27322474</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4909377" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22legius%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35178568">The RASopathies: from pathogenetics to therapeutics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hebron KE,
Hernandez ER,
Yohe ME</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dis Model Mech</span>
2022 Feb 1;15(2)
Epub 2022 Feb 18
doi: 10.1242/dmm.049107.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35178568" target="_blank">35178568</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8862741" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35138057">RASopathies: Dermatologists' viewpoints.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palit A,
Inamadar AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol</span>
2022 May-Jun;88(4):452-463.
doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_799_20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35138057" target="_blank">35138057</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34012067">Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: an international consensus recommendation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Legius E,
Messiaen L,
Wolkenstein P,
Pancza P,
Avery RA,
Berman Y,
Blakeley J,
Babovic-Vuksanovic D,
Cunha KS,
Ferner R,
Fisher MJ,
Friedman JM,
Gutmann DH,
Kehrer-Sawatzki H,
Korf BR,
Mautner VF,
Peltonen S,
Rauen KA,
Riccardi V,
Schorry E,
Stemmer-Rachamimov A,
Stevenson DA,
Tadini G,
Ullrich NJ,
Viskochil D,
Wimmer K,
Yohay K;
International Consensus Group on Neurofibromatosis Diagnostic Criteria (I-NF-DC),
Huson SM,
Evans DG,
Plotkin SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2021 Aug;23(8):1506-1513.
Epub 2021 May 19
doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01170-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34012067" target="_blank">34012067</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8354850" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29432239">Neurocutaneous Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosser T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2018 Feb;24(1, Child Neurology):96-129.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000562.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29432239" target="_blank">29432239</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23875798">The RASopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rauen KA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet</span>
2013;14:355-69.
Epub 2013 Jul 15
doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153523.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23875798" target="_blank">23875798</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4115674" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (46)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38136934">The Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: From Genetics to Prognostic-Therapeutic Implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scorrano G,
David E,
Calì E,
Chimenz R,
La Bella S,
Di Ludovico A,
Di Rosa G,
Gitto E,
Mankad K,
Nardello R,
Mangano GD,
Leoni C,
Ceravolo G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2023 Nov 22;14(12)
doi: 10.3390/genes14122111.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38136934" target="_blank">38136934</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10742720" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35138057">RASopathies: Dermatologists' viewpoints.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Palit A,
Inamadar AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol</span>
2022 May-Jun;88(4):452-463.
doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_799_20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35138057" target="_blank">35138057</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34012067">Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: an international consensus recommendation.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Legius E,
Messiaen L,
Wolkenstein P,
Pancza P,
Avery RA,
Berman Y,
Blakeley J,
Babovic-Vuksanovic D,
Cunha KS,
Ferner R,
Fisher MJ,
Friedman JM,
Gutmann DH,
Kehrer-Sawatzki H,
Korf BR,
Mautner VF,
Peltonen S,
Rauen KA,
Riccardi V,
Schorry E,
Stemmer-Rachamimov A,
Stevenson DA,
Tadini G,
Ullrich NJ,
Viskochil D,
Wimmer K,
Yohay K;
International Consensus Group on Neurofibromatosis Diagnostic Criteria (I-NF-DC),
Huson SM,
Evans DG,
Plotkin SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genet Med</span>
2021 Aug;23(8):1506-1513.
Epub 2021 May 19
doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01170-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34012067" target="_blank">34012067</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8354850" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31370276">Clinical and Genetic Findings in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Legius Syndrome, and Other Related Neurocutaneous Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Giugliano T,
Santoro C,
Torella A,
Del Vecchio Blanco F,
Grandone A,
Onore ME,
Melone MAB,
Straccia G,
Melis D,
Piccolo V,
Limongelli G,
Buono S,
Perrotta S,
Nigro V,
Piluso G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2019 Jul 31;10(8)
doi: 10.3390/genes10080580.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31370276" target="_blank">31370276</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6722641" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29432239">Neurocutaneous Disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosser T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2018 Feb;24(1, Child Neurology):96-129.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000562.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29432239" target="_blank">29432239</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (57)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30908877">First International Conference on RASopathies and Neurofibromatoses in Asia: Identification and advances of new therapeutics.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rauen KA,
Alsaegh A,
Ben-Shachar S,
Berman Y,
Blakeley J,
Cordeiro I,
Elgersma Y,
Evans DG,
Fisher MJ,
Frayling IM,
George J,
Huson SM,
Kerr B,
Khire U,
Korf B,
Legius E,
Messiaen L,
van Minkelen R,
Nampoothiri S,
Ngeow J,
Parada LF,
Phadke S,
Pillai A,
Plotkin SR,
Puri R,
Raji A,
Ramesh V,
Ratner N,
Shankar SP,
Sharda S,
Tambe A,
Vikkula M,
Widemann BC,
Wolkenstein P,
Upadhyaya M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2019 Jun;179(6):1091-1097.
Epub 2019 Mar 25
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61125.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30908877" target="_blank">30908877</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8279388" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30302932">Proceedings of the fifth international RASopathies symposium: When development and cancer intersect.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rauen KA,
Schoyer L,
Schill L,
Stronach B,
Albeck J,
Andresen BS,
Cavé H,
Ellis M,
Fruchtman SM,
Gelb BD,
Gibson CC,
Gripp K,
Hefner E,
Huang WYC,
Itkin M,
Kerr B,
Linardic CM,
McMahon M,
Oberlander B,
Perlstein E,
Ratner N,
Rogers L,
Schenck A,
Shankar S,
Shvartsman S,
Stevenson DA,
Stites EC,
Stork PJS,
Sun C,
Therrien M,
Ullian EM,
Widemann BC,
Yeh E,
Zampino G,
Zenker M,
Timmer W,
McCormick F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2018 Dec;176(12):2924-2929.
Epub 2018 Oct 10
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40632.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30302932" target="_blank">30302932</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6312476" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27155140">The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Disorders of the Ras/MAPK pathway.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stevenson DA,
Schill L,
Schoyer L,
Andresen BS,
Bakker A,
Bayrak-Toydemir P,
Burkitt-Wright E,
Chatfield K,
Elefteriou F,
Elgersma Y,
Fisher MJ,
Franz D,
Gelb BD,
Goriely A,
Gripp KW,
Hardan AY,
Keppler-Noreuil KM,
Kerr B,
Korf B,
Leoni C,
McCormick F,
Plotkin SR,
Rauen KA,
Reilly K,
Roberts A,
Sandler A,
Siegel D,
Walsh K,
Widemann BC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2016 Aug;170(8):1959-66.
Epub 2016 May 7
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37723.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27155140" target="_blank">27155140</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4945362" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25393061">Recent developments in neurofibromatoses and RASopathies: management, diagnosis and current and future therapeutic avenues.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rauen KA,
Huson SM,
Burkitt-Wright E,
Evans DG,
Farschtschi S,
Ferner RE,
Gutmann DH,
Hanemann CO,
Kerr B,
Legius E,
Parada LF,
Patton M,
Peltonen J,
Ratner N,
Riccardi VM,
van der Vaart T,
Vikkula M,
Viskochil DH,
Zenker M,
Upadhyaya M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2015 Jan;167A(1):1-10.
Epub 2014 Nov 12
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36793.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25393061" target="_blank">25393061</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4275383" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39031930">Novel causative variants in Legius syndrome: SPRED1 Genotype spectrum expansion.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chelleri C,
Brolatti N,
De Marco P,
Ognibene M,
Diana MC,
Madia F,
Duca MD,
Santangelo A,
Capra V,
Striano P,
Zara F,
Scala M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2024 Dec;194(12):e63824.
Epub 2024 Jul 19
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63824.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39031930" target="_blank">39031930</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38136934">The Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: From Genetics to Prognostic-Therapeutic Implications.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scorrano G,
David E,
Calì E,
Chimenz R,
La Bella S,
Di Ludovico A,
Di Rosa G,
Gitto E,
Mankad K,
Nardello R,
Mangano GD,
Leoni C,
Ceravolo G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2023 Nov 22;14(12)
doi: 10.3390/genes14122111.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38136934" target="_blank">38136934</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10742720" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30415209">Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency as a differential diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1: consensus guidelines for testing a child without malignancy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suerink M,
Ripperger T,
Messiaen L,
Menko FH,
Bourdeaut F,
Colas C,
Jongmans M,
Goldberg Y,
Nielsen M,
Muleris M,
van Kouwen M,
Slavc I,
Kratz C,
Vasen HF,
Brugiѐres L,
Legius E,
Wimmer K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
2019 Feb;56(2):53-62.
Epub 2018 Nov 10
doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105664.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30415209" target="_blank">30415209</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25981987">Family with Legius syndrome (neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sakai N,
Maeda T,
Kawakami H,
Uchiyama M,
Harada K,
Tsuboi R,
Mitsuhashi Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dermatol</span>
2015 Jul;42(7):703-5.
Epub 2015 May 18
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12862.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25981987" target="_blank">25981987</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25420281">RAS diseases in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Niemeyer CM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Haematologica</span>
2014 Nov;99(11):1653-62.
doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.114595.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25420281" target="_blank">25420281</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4222471" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (12)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39031930">Novel causative variants in Legius syndrome: SPRED1 Genotype spectrum expansion.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chelleri C,
Brolatti N,
De Marco P,
Ognibene M,
Diana MC,
Madia F,
Duca MD,
Santangelo A,
Capra V,
Striano P,
Zara F,
Scala M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2024 Dec;194(12):e63824.
Epub 2024 Jul 19
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63824.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39031930" target="_blank">39031930</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31443423">One NF1 Mutation may Conceal Another.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pacot L,
Burin des Roziers C,
Laurendeau I,
Briand-Suleau A,
Coustier A,
Mayard T,
Tlemsani C,
Faivre L,
Thomas Q,
Rodriguez D,
Blesson S,
Dollfus H,
Muller YG,
Parfait B,
Vidaud M,
Gilbert-Dussardier B,
Yardin C,
Dauriat B,
Derancourt C,
Vidaud D,
Pasmant E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2019 Aug 22;10(9)
doi: 10.3390/genes10090633.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31443423" target="_blank">31443423</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6769760" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27212418">Café-au-lait Macules and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernier A,
Larbrisseau A,
Perreault S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2016 Jul;60:24-29.e1.
Epub 2016 Mar 19
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27212418" target="_blank">27212418</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26979265">An Update on Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Not Just Café-au-Lait Spots, Freckling, and Neurofibromas. An Update. Part I. Dermatological Clinical Criteria Diagnostic of the Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hernández-Martín A,
Duat-Rodríguez A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Actas Dermosifiliogr</span>
2016 Jul-Aug;107(6):454-64.
Epub 2016 Mar 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.01.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26979265" target="_blank">26979265</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21495177">Observations on intelligence and behavior in 15 patients with Legius syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Denayer E,
Descheemaeker MJ,
Stewart DR,
Keymolen K,
Plasschaert E,
Ruppert SL,
Snow J,
Thurm AE,
Joseph LA,
Fryns JP,
Legius E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet</span>
2011 May 15;157C(2):123-8.
Epub 2011 Apr 14
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30297.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21495177" target="_blank">21495177</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3081633" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27212418">Café-au-lait Macules and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bernier A,
Larbrisseau A,
Perreault S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2016 Jul;60:24-29.e1.
Epub 2016 Mar 19
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27212418" target="_blank">27212418</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Legius%20syndrome%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
</div>
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<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
<div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (56)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F13" target="_blank">Linkage analysis (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F17" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (3)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (79)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (18)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (86)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=611431" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=137605" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Legius%20syndrome" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22legius%20syndrome%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Legius%20syndrome%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_115">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Molecular_resources">Molecular resources</h1><a sid="115" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=609291" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=161742[geneid]" target="_blank">View SPRED1 variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="/nuccore/212549731" target="_blank">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=611431" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Legius+syndrome/4153" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/legius_syndrome" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Legius%20syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/legius-syndrome" target="_blank">MedlinePlusGenetics (GHR)</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10714/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet brieflink">
<div class="portlet_head">
<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Reviews</h3>
</div>
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<li>
<a href="/pubmed/20945555" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=1&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank"><span class="gene_reviews">GeneReviews</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Legius%20syndrome" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=2&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/pubmed?term=Legius%20syndrome%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&amp;discoId=gtr_reviews&amp;linkpos=3&amp;linkpostotal=3" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
<div class="portlet brieflink">
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<div class="portlet_title">
<h3>Related information</h3>
</div>
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<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
<ul>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=370709" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gene?LinkName=medgen_gene_diseases&amp;from_uid=370709" ref="log$=recordlinks">Gene</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in NCBI Gene</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
</li>
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C1969623[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
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