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<meta name="keywords" content="C0079474, autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa generalisata gravis, autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, hallopeau-siemens type, autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, hallopeau-siemens type (formerly), autosomal recessive generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, severe form, col7a1, disease or syndrome, dysplastic epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, autosomal recessive, ebd inversa, ebr1, epidermolysis bullosa distrophica autosomal recessive (rdeb), epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica inversa, autosomal recessive, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, ar, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, autosomal recessive, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, autosomal recessive, localisata variant, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, autosomal recessive, modifier of, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, generalised severe, autosomal recessive, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, generalized severe, autosomal recessive, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, hallopeau siemens type, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, hallopeau-siemens type, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, recessive, generalized rdeb, severe form, hallopeau siemens disease, hallopeau-siemens disease, polydysplastic epidermolysis bullosa, rdeb, rdeb generalisata gravis, rdeb, hallopeau-siemens type, rdeb, severe generalised, rdeb, severe generalized, rdeb-sev gen, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, severe generalised, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, severe generalized, severe generalized rdeb, severe generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a genetic skin disorder affecting skin and nails that usually presents at birth. DEB is divided into two major types depending on inheritance pattern: recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB). Each type is further divided into multiple clinical subtypes. Absence of a known family history of DEB does not preclude the diagnosis. Clinical findings in severe generalized RDEB include skin fragility manifest by blistering with minimal trauma that heals with milia and scarring. Blistering and erosions affecting the whole body may be present in the neonatal period. Oral involvement may lead to mouth blistering, fusion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth, and progressive diminution of the size of the oral cavity. Esophageal erosions can lead to webs and strictures that can cause severe dysphagia. Consequently, malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiency may lead to growth restriction in young children. Corneal erosions can lead to scarring and loss of vision. Blistering of the hands and feet followed by scarring fuses the digits into &quot;mitten&quot; hands and feet, with contractures and pseudosyndactyly. The lifetime risk of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma is higher than 90%. In contrast, the blistering in the less severe forms of RDEB may be localized to hands, feet, knees, and elbows with or without involvement of flexural areas and the trunk, and without the mutilating scarring seen in severe generalized RDEB. In DDEB, blistering is often mild and limited to hands, feet, knees, and elbows, but nonetheless heals with scarring. Dystrophic nails, especially toenails, are common and may be the only manifestation of DDEB." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (Concept Id: C0079474)
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<!--
UID=36311
ConceptID=C0079474
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 1--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Image</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1304/bin/ebd-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1304/bin/ebd-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1304/figure/ebd.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa<span class="h1sub">(RDEB)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>36311</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0079474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>DYSTROPHIC EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; Epidermolysis Bullosa Distrophica Autosomal Recessive (RDEB); epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, autosomal recessive; EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA DYSTROPHICA, GENERALIZED SEVERE, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE; EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA DYSTROPHICA, HALLOPEAU-SIEMENS TYPE; Hallopeau-Siemens Disease; RDEB; severe generalized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (48528004); Dysplastic epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (48528004); Polydysplastic epidermolysis bullosa (48528004)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="COL7A1 - ID: 1294 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/1294" class="medgenPMinfo">COL7A1</a> (3p21.31)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0009179" target="_blank">MONDO:0009179</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/226600" target="_blank">226600</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=79408">ORPHA79408</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_101">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Disease_characteristics">Disease characteristics</h1><a sid="101" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="excerpt">Excerpted from the <i>GeneReview: </i><a href="/books/NBK1304" target="_blank">Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa</a></div><div>Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a genetic skin disorder affecting skin and nails that usually presents at birth. DEB is divided into two major types depending on inheritance pattern: recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB). Each type is further divided into multiple clinical subtypes. Absence of a known family history of DEB does not preclude the diagnosis. Clinical findings in severe generalized RDEB include skin fragility manifest by blistering with minimal trauma that heals with milia and scarring. Blistering and erosions affecting the whole body may be present in the neonatal period. Oral involvement may lead to mouth blistering, fusion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth, and progressive diminution of the size of the oral cavity. Esophageal erosions can lead to webs and strictures that can cause severe dysphagia. Consequently, malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiency may lead to growth restriction in young children. Corneal erosions can lead to scarring and loss of vision. Blistering of the hands and feet followed by scarring fuses the digits into "mitten" hands and feet, with contractures and pseudosyndactyly. The lifetime risk of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma is higher than 90%. In contrast, the blistering in the less severe forms of RDEB may be localized to hands, feet, knees, and elbows with or without involvement of flexural areas and the trunk, and without the mutilating scarring seen in severe generalized RDEB. In DDEB, blistering is often mild and limited to hands, feet, knees, and elbows, but nonetheless heals with scarring. Dystrophic nails, especially toenails, are common and may be the only manifestation of DDEB. [from <a title="GeneReviews" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116" class="defSource" target="_blank">GeneReviews</a>]</div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Full text of <i>GeneReview</i> (by section):</strong><br /><a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Summary" target="NBK1304">Summary</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.GeneReview_Scope" target="NBK1304">GeneReview Scope</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Diagnosis" target="NBK1304">Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Clinical_Characteristics" target="NBK1304">Clinical Characteristics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Genetically_Related_Allelic_Disorder" target="NBK1304">Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Differential_Diagnosis" target="NBK1304">Differential Diagnosis</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Management" target="NBK1304">Management</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Genetic_Counseling" target="NBK1304">Genetic Counseling</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Resources" target="NBK1304">Resources</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Molecular_Genetics" target="NBK1304">Molecular Genetics</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.References" target="NBK1304">References</a>  |  <a class="medgenPMinfo" href="/books/NBK1304#ebd.Chapter_Notes" target="NBK1304">Chapter Notes</a></div><div class="spaceAbove"><strong>Authors:</strong><br />
Ellen G Pfendner  |  Anne W Lucky   <a href="/books/NBK1304" target="NBK1304" title="NCBI Bookshelf: Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa">view full author information</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_117">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Additional_descriptions">Additional descriptions</h1><a sid="117" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><div class="mgSection"><strong>From OMIM</strong><br />Autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin disorder beginning at birth and characterized by recurrent blistering at the level of the sublamina densa beneath the cutaneous basement membrane. This results in mutilating scarring and contractures of the hands, feet, and joints. Patients also developed strictures of the gastrointestinal tract from mucosal involvement, which can lead to poor nutrition. Affected individuals have an increased risk of developing aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (Christiano et al., 1996; Varki et al., 2007).&#13;
Allelic disorders include autosomal dominant DEB (DDEB; 131750), in which the phenotype is less severe, and nonsyndromic congenital nail disorder-8 (NDNC8; 607523), which has been found to segregate as an autosomal dominant trait in heterozygous carriers in some families with recessive DEB.  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omim.org/entry/226600">http://www.omim.org/entry/226600</a></div><div class="mgSection"><strong>From MedlinePlus Genetics</strong><br />Other types of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa fall along a spectrum referred to as RDEB-generalized and localized (RDEB-gen and -loc). These forms of the condition are somewhat less severe than RDEB-sev gen and are distinguished by the affected regions of the body. Blistering is often limited to the hands, feet, knees, and elbows in mild cases, but may be widespread in more severe cases. Rare forms affect specific regions of the body, such as the shins or the abdomen. Affected people often have malformed fingernails and toenails. The RDEB-gen and -loc types involve scarring in the areas where blisters occur, but these forms of the condition do not cause the severe scarring characteristic of RDEB-sev gen.<br /><br />Another major type of this condition is known as dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB). The signs and symptoms of this condition tend to be milder than those of the recessive forms, with blistering often limited to the hands, feet, knees, and elbows. The blisters heal with scarring, but it is less severe than in recessive forms of this condition. Most affected people have malformed fingernails and toenails, and the nails may be lost over time. In the mildest cases, abnormal nails are the only sign of the condition.<br /><br />Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa severe generalized (RDEB-sev gen) is the classic form of the condition and is the most severe. Affected infants are typically born with widespread blistering and areas of missing skin, often caused by trauma that occurs during birth. Most often, blisters are present over the whole body and affect mucous membranes such as the moist lining of the mouth and digestive tract. As the blisters heal, they result in severe scarring. Scarring in the mouth and esophagus can make it difficult to chew and swallow food, leading to chronic malnutrition and slow growth. Additional complications of ongoing scarring can include fusion of the skin between the fingers and toes, loss of fingernails and toenails, joint deformities (contractures) that restrict movement, and eye inflammation leading to vision loss. Additionally, people with RDEB-sev gen have a very high risk of developing a form of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma in young adulthood. In these individuals, the cancer tends to be unusually aggressive and is often life-threatening.<br /><br />Researchers classify dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa into major types based on the inheritance pattern and features of the condition. Although the types differ in severity, their features overlap significantly and they are caused by mutations in the same gene.<br /><br />Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is one of the major forms of a group of conditions called epidermolysis bullosa. Epidermolysis bullosa cause the skin to be very fragile and to blister easily. Blisters and skin erosions form in response to minor injury or friction, such as rubbing or scratching. The signs and symptoms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa vary widely among affected individuals. In mild cases, blistering may primarily affect the hands, feet, knees, and elbows. Severe cases of this condition involve widespread blistering that can lead to vision loss, scarring, and other serious medical problems.  <a target="_blank" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dystrophic-epidermolysis-bullosa">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dystrophic-epidermolysis-bullosa</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_2874"><div><strong>Squamous cell carcinoma</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2874</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007137</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Neoplastic Process</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2874">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Squamous%20cell%20carcinoma%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%202874%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_369963"><div><strong>Mitten deformity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369963</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1969236</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Fusion of the hands and feet by a thin membrane of skin (scarring) seen in forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and leading to a "mitten" hand deformity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369963">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mitten%20deformity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20369963%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99124"><div><strong>Growth delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99124</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0456070</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99124">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Growth%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099124%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1101"><div><strong>Constipation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1101</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009806</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1101">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Constipation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201101%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_41440"><div><strong>Dysphagia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>41440</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011168</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Difficulty in swallowing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/41440">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dysphagia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2041440%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56429"><div><strong>Malnutrition</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162429</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A deficiency in the intake of energy and nutrients.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Malnutrition%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65948"><div><strong>Boerhaave syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65948</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0238115</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The occurrence of the full-thickness tear (perforation) of the wall of the esophagus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65948">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Boerhaave%20syndrome%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065948%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_539700"><div><strong>Abnormal esophagus morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>539700</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266126</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A structural abnormality of the esophagus.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/539700">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20esophagus%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20539700%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1637009"><div><strong>Esophageal stricture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1637009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551650</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A pathological narrowing of the esophagus that is caused by the development of a ring of scar tissue that constricts the esophageal lumen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1637009">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Esophageal%20stricture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201637009%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1526"><div><strong>Anemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002871</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1526">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anemia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201526%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83069"><div><strong>Flexion contracture</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83069</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0333068</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83069">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Flexion%20contracture%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083069%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_83899"><div><strong>Corneal scarring</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>83899</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0349702</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Replacement of corneal tissue with scar tissue as a result of injury to the deeper layers of the cornea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/83899">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corneal%20scarring%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2083899%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1093"><div><strong>Conjunctivitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1093</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0009763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Inflammation of the conjunctiva.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1093">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Conjunctivitis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201093%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_3730"><div><strong>Enamel hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3730</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0011351</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3730">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Enamel%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%203730%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44435"><div><strong>Narrow mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44435</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44435">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044435%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7982"><div><strong>Alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7982</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002170</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7982">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Alopecia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207982%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57875"><div><strong>Atrophic scars</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57875</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0162154</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Scars that form a depression compared to the level of the surrounding skin because of damage to the collagen, fat or other tissues below the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57875">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrophic%20scars%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057875%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66368"><div><strong>Nail dystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66368</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221260</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66368">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nail%20dystrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066368%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66826"><div><strong>Fragile skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66826</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241181</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Skin that splits easily with minimal injury.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66826">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Fragile%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066826%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87528"><div><strong>Milia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87528</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0345996</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Presence of multiple small cysts containing keratin (skin protein) and presenting as tiny pearly-white bumps just under the surface of the skin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87528">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Milia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087528%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_208888"><div><strong>Oral mucosal blisters</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>208888</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0853945</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Blisters arising in the mouth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/208888">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Oral%20mucosal%20blisters%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20208888%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_331737"><div><strong>Nail dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1834405</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Nail%20dysplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20331737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_412159"><div><strong>Abnormal blistering of the skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412159</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2132198</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of one or more bullae on the skin, defined as fluid-filled blisters more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412159">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20blistering%20of%20the%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20412159%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1778332"><div><strong>Sub-lamina densa cleavage</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778332</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5539822</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of blistering in which the cleavage plane of blisters is located below the lamina densa.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778332">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sub-lamina%20densa%20cleavage%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201778332%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_39462"><div><strong>Cataract</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>39462</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0086543</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/39462">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cataract%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2039462%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of blood and blood-forming tissues</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anemia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_3730" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Enamel hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44435" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow mouth</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of limbs</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_369963" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitten deformity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_539700" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal esophagus morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65948" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Boerhaave syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1101" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Constipation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_41440" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dysphagia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1637009" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Esophageal stricture</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Malnutrition</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_39462" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cataract</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1093" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Conjunctivitis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_412159" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal blistering of the skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7982" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alopecia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57875" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrophic scars</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66826" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Fragile skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87528" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Milia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_331737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nail dysplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66368" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nail dystrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_208888" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oral mucosal blisters</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1778332" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sub-lamina densa cleavage</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83899" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corneal scarring</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_83069" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Flexion contracture</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99124" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Growth delay</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Neoplasm</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_2874" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Squamous cell carcinoma</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0079474[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=36311">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=36311" target="_blank" href="/omim/120120">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1304/" ref="ncbi_uid=36311">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=36311" ref="ncbi_uid=36311">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/11449" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital anomaly of skin">Congenital anomaly of skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/41832" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Epidermolysis bullosa">Epidermolysis bullosa</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/37179" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica">Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36855845">Cemiplimab treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vasilev P,
Kalev D,
Karamanliev M,
Dimitrov D,
Troyanova P,
Yordanova I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dtsch Dermatol Ges</span>
2023 Mar;21(3):295-297.
Epub 2023 Feb 28
doi: 10.1111/ddg.14980.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36855845" target="_blank">36855845</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35593277">Purified oral cannabidiol for pain management in severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Welponer T,
Diem A,
Nahler G,
Laimer M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol</span>
2022 May-Jun;88(4):551-552.
doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_71_2021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35593277" target="_blank">35593277</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33202040">Clinical practice guidelines: Oral health care for children and adults living with epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Krämer S,
Lucas J,
Gamboa F,
Peñarrocha Diago M,
Peñarrocha Oltra D,
Guzmán-Letelier M,
Paul S,
Molina G,
Sepúlveda L,
Araya I,
Soto R,
Arriagada C,
Lucky AW,
Mellerio JE,
Cornwall R,
Alsayer F,
Schilke R,
Antal MA,
Castrillón F,
Paredes C,
Serrano MC,
Clark V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spec Care Dentist</span>
2020 Nov;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-81.
doi: 10.1111/scd.12511.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33202040" target="_blank">33202040</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7756753" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34862606">The potential of gene therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Subramaniam KS,
Antoniou MN,
McGrath JA,
Lwin SM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Dermatol</span>
2022 Apr;186(4):609-619.
Epub 2022 Apr 1
doi: 10.1111/bjd.20910.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34862606" target="_blank">34862606</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33609734">Correction of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa by homology-directed repair-mediated genome editing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bonafont J,
Mencía A,
Chacón-Solano E,
Srifa W,
Vaidyanathan S,
Romano R,
Garcia M,
Hervás-Salcedo R,
Ugalde L,
Duarte B,
Porteus MH,
Del Rio M,
Larcher F,
Murillas R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Ther</span>
2021 Jun 2;29(6):2008-2018.
Epub 2021 Feb 18
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.019.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33609734" target="_blank">33609734</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8178438" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28432467">Renal-skin syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Has C,
He Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cell Tissue Res</span>
2017 Jul;369(1):63-73.
Epub 2017 Apr 22
doi: 10.1007/s00441-017-2623-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28432467" target="_blank">28432467</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26066885">Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Advances in the Laboratory Leading to New Therapies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woodley DT,
Chen M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
2015 Jul;135(7):1705-1707.
doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.149.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26066885" target="_blank">26066885</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4601119">Surgical management of hand deformities in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zarem HA,
Pearson RW,
Leaf N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Plast Surg</span>
1974 Apr;27(2):176-81.
doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(74)90012-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4601119" target="_blank">4601119</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (176)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37655918">Gluten-sensitive enteropathy in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sacedón R,
de Arriba MC,
Martínez-Santamaría L,
Maseda R,
Herráiz-Gil S,
Jiménez E,
Rosales I,
Quintana L,
Illera N,
García M,
Butta N,
Fernández-Bello I,
Lwin SM,
Fernández-Arquero M,
León C,
McGrath JA,
Vicente MÁ,
Del Río M,
de Lucas R,
Sánchez-Ramón S,
Escámez MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Dermatol</span>
2023 Nov 16;189(6):774-776.
doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad313.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37655918" target="_blank">37655918</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34448231">Unusual plaque in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhu CS,
Davis TL,
Browning JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2021 Jul;38(4):945-946.
doi: 10.1111/pde.14677.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34448231" target="_blank">34448231</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31065125">Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yadav RS,
Jayswal A,
Shrestha S,
Gupta SK,
Paudel U</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc</span>
2018 Sep-Oct;56(213):879-882.
doi: 10.31729/jnma.3791.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31065125" target="_blank">31065125</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8959359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26764358">Human amniotic membrane grafts in therapy of chronic non-healing wounds.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ilic D,
Vicovac L,
Nikolic M,
Lazic Ilic E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br Med Bull</span>
2016 Mar;117(1):59-67.
Epub 2016 Jan 12
doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldv053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26764358" target="_blank">26764358</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26066885">Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Advances in the Laboratory Leading to New Therapies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woodley DT,
Chen M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
2015 Jul;135(7):1705-1707.
doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.149.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26066885" target="_blank">26066885</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (147)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35347281">In vivo topical gene therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a phase 1 and 2 trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gurevich I,
Agarwal P,
Zhang P,
Dolorito JA,
Oliver S,
Liu H,
Reitze N,
Sarma N,
Bagci IS,
Sridhar K,
Kakarla V,
Yenamandra VK,
O'Malley M,
Prisco M,
Tufa SF,
Keene DR,
South AP,
Krishnan SM,
Marinkovich MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Med</span>
2022 Apr;28(4):780-788.
Epub 2022 Mar 28
doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01737-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35347281" target="_blank">35347281</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9018416" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32888385">Losartan as disease modulating therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Inamadar AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Ther</span>
2020 Nov;33(6):e14279.
Epub 2020 Sep 15
doi: 10.1111/dth.14279.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32888385" target="_blank">32888385</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26764358">Human amniotic membrane grafts in therapy of chronic non-healing wounds.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ilic D,
Vicovac L,
Nikolic M,
Lazic Ilic E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br Med Bull</span>
2016 Mar;117(1):59-67.
Epub 2016 Jan 12
doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldv053.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26764358" target="_blank">26764358</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26066885">Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Advances in the Laboratory Leading to New Therapies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woodley DT,
Chen M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
2015 Jul;135(7):1705-1707.
doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.149.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26066885" target="_blank">26066885</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6383610">Phenytoin revisited.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finkel MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Ther</span>
1984;6(5):577-91.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6383610" target="_blank">6383610</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (109)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38763174">Twin Prime Editing Mediated Exon Skipping/Reinsertion for Restored Collagen VII Expression in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Steinbeck BJ,
Gao XD,
McElroy AN,
Pandey S,
Doman JL,
Riddle MJ,
Xia L,
Chen W,
Eide CR,
Lengert AH,
Han SW,
Blazar BR,
Wandall HH,
Dabelsteen S,
Liu DR,
Tolar J,
Osborn MJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
2024 Dec;144(12):2764-2777.e9.
Epub 2024 May 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38763174" target="_blank">38763174</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28369282">Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa results in painful small fibre neuropathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">von Bischhoffshausen S,
Ivulic D,
Alvarez P,
Schuffeneger VC,
Idiaquez J,
Fuentes C,
Morande P,
Fuentes I,
Palisson F,
Bennett DLH,
Calvo M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2017 May 1;140(5):1238-1251.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awx069.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28369282" target="_blank">28369282</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5405236" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26066885">Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Advances in the Laboratory Leading to New Therapies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woodley DT,
Chen M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
2015 Jul;135(7):1705-1707.
doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.149.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26066885" target="_blank">26066885</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23756557">Long-term follow-up of cultured epidermal autograft in a patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shinkuma S,
Sawamura D,
Fujita Y,
Kawasaki H,
Nakamura H,
Inoie M,
Nishie W,
Shimizu H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Derm Venereol</span>
2014 Jan;94(1):98-9.
doi: 10.2340/00015555-1592.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23756557" target="_blank">23756557</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4601119">Surgical management of hand deformities in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zarem HA,
Pearson RW,
Leaf N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Plast Surg</span>
1974 Apr;27(2):176-81.
doi: 10.1016/0007-1226(74)90012-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4601119" target="_blank">4601119</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (83)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38820176">Histone deacetylase inhibition mitigates fibrosis-driven disease progression in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Primerano A,
De Domenico E,
Cianfarani F,
De Luca N,
Floriddia G,
Teson M,
Cristofoletti C,
Cardarelli S,
Scaglione GL,
Baldini E,
Cangelosi D,
Uva P,
Reinoso Sánchez JF,
Roubaty C,
Dengjel J,
Nyström A,
Mastroeni S,
Ulisse S,
Castiglia D,
Odorisio T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Dermatol</span>
2024 Sep 18;191(4):568-579.
doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljae225.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38820176" target="_blank">38820176</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37559055">Itch in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: findings of PEBLES, a prospective register study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mellerio JE,
Pillay EI,
Ledwaba-Chapman L,
Bisquera A,
Robertson SJ,
Papanikolaou M,
McGrath JA,
Wang Y,
Martinez AE,
Jeffs E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2023 Aug 9;18(1):235.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-023-02817-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37559055" target="_blank">37559055</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10410928" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36253825">Long-term safety and efficacy of gene-corrected autologous keratinocyte grafts for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">So JY,
Nazaroff J,
Iwummadu CV,
Harris N,
Gorell ES,
Fulchand S,
Bailey I,
McCarthy D,
Siprashvili Z,
Marinkovich MP,
Tang JY,
Chiou AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2022 Oct 17;17(1):377.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02546-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36253825" target="_blank">36253825</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9574807" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34826142">Otological complications in inversa type recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Robertson SJ,
Prodinger C,
Liu L,
Skilbeck C,
Petrof G,
Martinez AE,
Mellerio JE,
Greenblatt DT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Dermatol</span>
2022 Apr;47(4):717-723.
Epub 2022 Jan 5
doi: 10.1111/ced.15029.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34826142" target="_blank">34826142</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33849616">A systematic literature review of the disease burden in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tang JY,
Marinkovich MP,
Lucas E,
Gorell E,
Chiou A,
Lu Y,
Gillon J,
Patel D,
Rudin D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2021 Apr 13;16(1):175.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01811-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33849616" target="_blank">33849616</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8045359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (132)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38769503">Therapies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a systematic review of 157 cases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hwang A,
Kwon A,
Miller CH,
Reimer-Taschenbrecker A,
Paller AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2024 May 21;19(1):206.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-024-03190-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38769503" target="_blank">38769503</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11106883" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38558462">Bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in epidermolysis bullosa: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agustin M,
Mahadewi A,
Danarti R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2024 Jul-Aug;41(4):599-605.
Epub 2024 Apr 1
doi: 10.1111/pde.15591.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38558462" target="_blank">38558462</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33849616">A systematic literature review of the disease burden in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tang JY,
Marinkovich MP,
Lucas E,
Gorell E,
Chiou A,
Lu Y,
Gillon J,
Patel D,
Rudin D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2021 Apr 13;16(1):175.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01811-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33849616" target="_blank">33849616</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8045359" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33202040">Clinical practice guidelines: Oral health care for children and adults living with epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Krämer S,
Lucas J,
Gamboa F,
Peñarrocha Diago M,
Peñarrocha Oltra D,
Guzmán-Letelier M,
Paul S,
Molina G,
Sepúlveda L,
Araya I,
Soto R,
Arriagada C,
Lucky AW,
Mellerio JE,
Cornwall R,
Alsayer F,
Schilke R,
Antal MA,
Castrillón F,
Paredes C,
Serrano MC,
Clark V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spec Care Dentist</span>
2020 Nov;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-81.
doi: 10.1111/scd.12511.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33202040" target="_blank">33202040</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7756753" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (32)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F12" target="_blank">Microsatellite instability testing (MSI) (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (31)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (9)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0079474%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (41)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Recessive%20dystrophic%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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